PRAXISDIENST 145168 10 + Leuko Urine Test Strips User Manual

PRAXISDIENST 145168 10 + Leuko Urine Test Strips

Product Information

Specifications

• Test Principle: Urine Test Strips
• Effective Components: Various reagents for detecting specific substances in urine
• Storage: Keep in a dry and cool place away from direct light
• Usage: One-time use only

Product Usage Instructions

Specimen Collection and Preparation
Collect a fresh urine sample in a clean container. Mix the urine gently before testing.

Procedure

1. Remove a test strip from the packaging.
2. Dip the test pad into the urine sample for a few seconds.
3. Remove excess urine by tapping the strip on a clean tissue.
4. Wait for the specified time as per the instructions.
5. Compare the colour changes on the test pad with the provided chart for interpretation.

Materials Provided
The package includes urine test strips, each containing specific reagents for different analytes.

Results and Expected Values
The color changes on the test pads correspond to specific analyte concentrations. Refer to Table 1 for expected values and measurement ranges.

FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions)

• How should I store the urine test strips?
  Store the strips in a cool, dry place away from direct light to prevent deterioration.

• Can I reuse a test strip?
  No, the test strips are designed for one-time use only. Discard used strips properly after testing.

• What should I do if the test strip indicates deterioration?
  Do not use discoloured test strips. External factors like humidity and extreme temperatures can affect the accuracy of results.

INTENDED USE

• For use as a preliminary screening test for diabetes, liver diseases, hemolytic diseases, urogenital and kidney disorders and metabolic abnormalities.
• Urine test strips for the rapid semi-quantitative determination of ascorbic acid, bilirubin, blood, glucose, ketones, leucocytes, nitrite, pH-value, protein, specific gravity and urobilinogen in human urine.
• The meditrol® urine test strips are only for professional use.

SUMMARY AND EXPLANATION

• Urine test strips are semi-quantitative test systems used to measure certain analytes in urine. These measurements are used in the screening for renal, hepatic and metabolic disorders as well as urinary tract infection of bacterial origin.
• Since ascorbic acid in urine might interfere with the reaction of some parameters, meditrol® urine test strips include a test pad which indicates the level of ascorbic acid in the urine. The meditrol® urine test strips include ascorbic acid protection for the blood and the glucose test pad.
• This package insert describes all types of meditrol® urine test strips listed in the order information. All meditrol® urine test strips may be read visually. Refer to the carton and label for specific parameter combination on the product you are using.

TEST PRINCIPLE

• Ascorbic acid: The test is based on the discoloration of Tillman’s reagent. In the presence of ascorbic acid, the color changes from grey-blue to orange.
• Bilirubin: A red azo compound is obtained in the presence of acid by coupling of bilirubin with a diazonium salt. The presence of bilirubin leads to a color of red-orange peach.
• Blood: The test is based on the pseudo-peroxidative activity of hemoglobin and myoglobin, which catalyze the oxidation of an indicator by an organic hydroperoxide and a chromogen producing a green color. Intact erythrocytes are reported by punctual colorations on the test pad, whereas
• hemoglobin and myoglobin are reported by a homogeneous green coloration.
• Glucose: The test is based on the glucose oxidase-peroxidase-chromogen reaction. The presence of glucose leads to a color change from yellow via lime green to dark teal.
• Ketones: The test is based on the reaction of acetone and acetoacetic acid with sodium nitroprusside in alkaline solution to give a violet colored complex (Legal‘s test).
• Leucocytes: The test is based on the esterase activity of granulocytes. This enzyme cleaves heterocyclic carboxylates. If the enzyme is released from the cells, it reacts with a diazonium salt producing a violet dye.
• Nitrite: The test is based on the principle of the Griess reaction. Any degree of pink-orange coloration should be interpreted as a positive result.
• pH: The test paper contains pH indicators, which clearly change color between pH 5 and pH 9 (from orange to green to turquoise).
• Protein: The test is based on the „protein error“ principle of an indicator. The test is especially sensitive in the presence of albumin. Other proteins are indicated with less sensitivity. The presence of proteins leads to a color change from yellowish to mint green.
• Specific Gravity: The test is based on a color change of the reagent from blue green to greenish yellow depending on the concentration of ions in the urine.
• Urobilinogen: The test is based on the coupling of urobilinogen with a stabilized diazonium salt to a red azo compound. The presence of urobilinogen leads to a color change from light to dark pink.

REAGENTS

• Ascorbic acid: 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol 0.7 %
• Bilirubin: diazonium salt 3.1 %
• Blood: tetramethylbenzidine-dihydrochloride 2.0 %, isopropyl benzol-hydroperoxide 21.0 %
• Glucose: glucose oxidase 2.1 %; peroxidase 0.9 %; o-tolidine-hydrochloride 5.0 %
• Ketones: sodium nitroprusside 2.0 %
• Leucocytes: carboxylic acid ester 0.4 %; diazonium salt 0.2 %
• Nitrite: tetrahydrobenzo[h]quinolin-3-ol 1.5 %; sulfanilic acid 1.9 %
• pH: methyl red 2.0 %; bromothymol blue 10.0 %
• Protein: tetra bromophenol blue 0.2 %
• Specific Gravity: bromothymol blue 2.8 %
• Urobilinogen: diazonium salt 3.6 %

WARNING AND PRECAUTIONS

• For In Vitro Diagnostic Use.
• For safe handling of urine test strips and to avoid contact with potentially infectious substances, please follow the general working instructions for laboratories. Do not touch the test pads! Avoid ingestion and contact with eyes and mucous membranes. Keep away from children.
• Disposal of used test strips should be by local regulations. The material safety data sheet is available for download from our homepage www.medichem-online.de.
• In case any serious incident has occurred about the device, please report to the manufacturer and, if applicable, to the competent authority of the country in which the users and/or the patients established themselves.

INDICATIONS OF DETERIORATION

Do not use discolored urine test strips. External influences such as humidity, light and extreme temperatures can cause a discoloration of test pads and may indicate deterioration.

STORAGE AND STABILITY

Store the tubes in a cool and dry place (storage temperature 2–30 °C). Keep urine test strips protected from direct sunlight, humidity and extreme temperatures. The urine test strips can be used until the given expiry date if stored and handled as specified in the package insert.

SPECIMEN COLLECTION AND PREPARATION

• Testing of fresh, native, well-mixed and non-centrifuged urine is recommended. Protect the samples from light. First morning urine is preferable and shall be tested within 2 hours. If immediate testing is not applicable, store samples at 2–4 °C. Allow the sample to reach room temperature (15–25 °C) and mix them before testing.
• Collection tubes must be clean, dry and free from detergents, biocides or disinfectants. Do not add preservatives.

PROCEDURE

• Use fresh, well-mixed native urine.
• Remove only the number of urine test strips intended to be used for measurement, and immediately close the vial again tightly with the original cap.
• Dip the urine test strip shortly (approx. 1–2 seconds) into the well-mixed urine. Make sure that all test pads are immersed in the sample.
• Wipe the edge of the strip on the rim of the sample container to remove excess urine.
• Dab the edge of the urine test strip on an absorbent paper towel.

Visual evaluation:
To prevent interaction of adjacent test pads, hold the urine test strip in a horizontalposition during incubation. Compare the test pads on the urine test strip with the corresponding color chart on the vial 60 seconds (60–120 seconds for leucocytes) after immersion. Color changes that appear more than 2 minutes after immersion should not be evaluated. Visual evaluation should be carried out in diffuse daylight (below daylight lamps, at the window etc.). Any color change that cannot be assigned to the color chart on the vial label, or that is restricted to the rim of the test pads, is without meaning and should not be used for interpretation.

MATERIALS PROVIDED

Package with meditrol® urine test strips.

QUALITY CONTROL

Performance of urine test strips should to be checked with the CombiScreen® Dip Check (REF 93010) and Drop Check (REF93015), according to the internal guidelines of the laboratory and the local regulations. It is recommended to perform control measurements after opening a new vial of urine test strips or with a new batch of urine test strips. Each laboratory is obliged to establish its own quality control standards. If control solutions other than CombiScreen® Dip Check and Drop Check are used, it is necessary to confirm the specificity of the color changes on the test pads.

RESULTS AND EXPECTED VALUES

• Each laboratory should evaluate the transferability of the expected values to its own patient population and, if necessary, determine its own reference ranges.
• The color changes of the test pads correspond to the analyte concentrations described in Table 1.

LIMITATIONS OF THE PROCEDURE

1. In order to establish a final diagnosis and prescribe an appropriate therapy, the results obtained with urine test strips need to be evaluated in combination with other medical results and the patient’s medical history.
2. Not all effects of medicaments, drugs or their metabolic products on the urine test strip are known. In case of doubt, it is recommended to repeat the test after discontinuation of the medication. However, a current medication should only be stopped after respective instruction of the doctor.
3. Detergents, cleaning agents, disinfectants and preservatives may interfere with the reaction on the test pads. Various colored urine contents, especially high concentrations of hemoglobin (≥ 5 mg/dL) or bilirubin (≥ 2 mg/dL), can lead to atypical coloration on the test pads.
4. The content of the urine is variable (e.g. content of activators or inhibitors and ion concentration in the urine), therefore the reaction conditions are not constant. In rare cases, this may lead to variations in the color of the test pad.
5. Bilirubin: Low or negative results may be caused by large amounts of vitamin C or nitrite and by a prolonged exposure of the sample to direct light. Increased concentrations of urobilinogen may increase the sensitivity of the bilirubin test pad. Various urine contents (e.g. urine indican) can lead to an atypical coloration. Regarding the metabolites of drugs, refer to urobilinogen.
6. Blood: Erythrocyte results of the urine test strip and the sediment may vary as lysed cells cannot be detected by the sediment analysis. False positive reactions can be caused by residuals of peroxide containingcleansing agents, by formalin, or activities of microbial oxidase due to infections of the urogenital tract.
7. High concentrations of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) can cause false negative results.
8. The influence of ascorbic acid has been largely eliminated. From a level at approx. 25 Ery/μl and above, even at high concentrations of ascorbic acid normally no negative results are observed.
9. Glucose: An inhibitory effect is caused by gentisic acid, a pH value of <5 and a high specific gravity. False positive reactions can also be induced by a residue of peroxide containing cleansing agents.
10. High concentrations of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) can cause false negative results.
11. The influence of ascorbic acid has been largely eliminated. From a glucose level at approx. 100 mg/dL (5.5 mmol/L) and above, even at high concentrations of ascorbic acid normally no negative results are observed.
12. Ketones: Phenylketones in higher concentrations produce variable colors. The keton body β-Hydroxybutyric acid is not detected. Phthalein compounds and derivatives of anthraquinone interfere by producing a red coloration in the alkaline range which may mask the coloration caused by ketones.
13. Leucocytes: Leucocyte results of the urine test strip and the sediment may vary as lysed cells cannot be detected by the sediment analysis. Strongly coloured compounds in the urine (e.g. nitrofurantoin) may disturb the colour of the reaction. Glucose or oxalic acid in high concentrations, or drugs containing cephalexine,cephalothine or tetracycline can lead to weakened reactions. False positive results may be caused by contamination with vaginal secretion.
14. Nitrite: Negative results do not exclude significant bacteriuria, since not all infectious species are capable of nitrite production (lack of nitrate reductase). In addition, high diuresis can reduce the retention time ofthe urine in the bladder and can lead to highly diluted urine which prevents the assimilation of detectable concentrations of nitrite. Moreover, a diet with low nitrate content and a high uptake of vitamin C can also cause false negative results. False positive results may occur for stale urines, in which nitrite has been formed by contamination of the specimen, and in urines containing dyes (derivatives of pyridinium, beetroot). Red or blue borders or edges that may appear must not be interpreted as a positive result.
15. pH: Bacterial contamination and growth in the urine after sample collection may lead to false results. Red borders which may appear next to the nitrite field must not be taken into consideration.
16. Protein: Highly alkaline urine samples (pH > 9), high specific gravity, infusions with polyvinylpyrrolidone (blood substitute), medicaments containing quinine and also disinfectant residues in the urine sampling vessel containing quaternary ammonium groups can lead to false positive results.
17. Specific Gravity: The color scale has been optimized for urine with pH 6. Highly alkaline (pH > 8) urines lead to slightly lower results, highly acidic (pH < 6) urines may cause slightly higher results. Glucose and urea do not interfere with the test.
18. Urobilinogen: Higher concentrations of formaldehyde or exposure of the urine to light for a longer period may lead to lowered or false negative results. Beetroot or metabolites of drugs that give a colour at low pH (phenazopyridine, azo dyes, p-aminobenzoic acid) may cause false positive results.

PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS

The performance characteristics of the meditrol® urine test strips have been determined on the basis of analytical performance studies. The test performance of the urine test strips was characterized by its agreement with commercially available urine test strips.

Visual evaluation

Sensitivity
Ascorbic acid: 10–15 mg/dL, Bilirubin: >0.6 mg/dL (10 μmol/L), Blood: 2 Ery/μL, Glucose: >20 mg/dL (1.1 mmol/L), Ketones: >5.4 mg/dL (0.5 mmol/L), Leucocytes: 15–20 Leu/μL, Nitrite: 0.05–0.1 mg/dL (11–22 μmol/L), Protein: >15 mg/dL, Urobilinogen: 1–2 mg/dL (16.9–33.8 μmol/L).

Test Performance (extended concordance)

Ascorbic acid: n.a., Bilirubin: 98.7–99.6 %, Blood: 99.6–100 %, Glucose: 99.6–100 %, Ketones: 100 %, Leucocytes: 96.9–98.2 %, Nitrite: 100 %, pH: 99.6–100 %, Protein: 98.2–99.6 %, SG: 88.9–96.6 %, Urobilinogen: 89.5–100 %.
n.a.: not applicable
Table 1: Expected values and measuring ranges of the different urine test strip parameters:

1000

[mmol/L]| norm., 2.8, 5.6, 14, 28, 56
Ketones| neg. – trace| Arbitrary| neg., (+) [trace], +, ++, +++
[mg/dL]| neg., 10 [trace], 25, 100, 300
[mmol/L]| neg., 1.0 [trace], 2.5, 10, 30
Leucocytes| neg.| Arbitrary| neg., +, ++, +++
[Leu/µL]| 0, ~25, ~75, ~500
Nitrite| neg.| Arbitrary| neg., pos.
pH| pH 5–8|  | 5, 6, 6.5, 7, 8, 9
Protein| neg. – trace| Arbitrary| neg., (+) [trace], +, ++, +++
[mg/dL]| neg., 15 [trace], 30, 100, 500
[g/L]| neg., 0.15 [trace], 0.3, 1.0, 5.0
Specific Gravity| 1.015–1.025|  | 1.000, 1.005, 1.010, 1.015, 1.020, 1.025, 1.030
Urobilinogen| norm.| Arbitrary| norm., +, ++, +++, ++++
[mg/dL]| norm., 2, 4, 8, 12
[µmol/L]| norm., 35, 70, 140, 200
n.a.: not applicable

n.a.: not applicable

Parameter

SYMBOLS

Documents / Resources

| PRAXISDIENST 145168 10 + Leuko Urine Test Strips [pdf] User Manual
145168 10 Leuko Urine Test Strips, 145168, 10 Leuko Urine Test Strips, Leuko Urine Test Strips, Urine Test Strips, Test Strips, Strips
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References

• Analyticon® Biotechnologies GmbH
• medichem Vertriebs GmbH - medichem Vertriebs GmbH, Rendsburg

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