TQMLS1028A Platform Based On Layerscape Dual Cortex User Manual

TQMLS1028A Platform Based On Layerscape Dual Cortex

Product Information

Specifications

• Model: TQMLS1028A
• Date: 08.07.2024

Product Usage Instructions

Safety Requirements and Protective Regulations
Ensure compliance with EMC, ESD, operational safety, personal security, cyber security, intended use, export control, sanctions compliance, warranty, climatic conditions, and operational conditions.

Environment Protection
Comply with RoHS, EuP, and California Proposition 65 regulations for environmental protection.

FAQ

• What are the key safety requirements for using the product?
  The key safety requirements include compliance with EMC, ESD, operational safety, personal security, cyber security, and intended use guidelines.

• How can I ensure environmental protection while using the product?
  To ensure environmental protection, make sure to follow RoHS, EuP, and California Proposition 65 regulations.

TQMLS1028A
User’s Manual
TQMLS1028A UM 0102 08.07.2024

REVISION HISTORY

4.2.3
4.3.3
4.15.1, Figure 12
Table 13
5.3, Figure 18 and 19| Non-functional changes Remarks added Explanation added Description of RCW clarified Added

Signals “Secure Element” added 3D views removed

0102| 08.07.2024| Petz / Kreuzer| Figure 12
4.15.4
Table 13
Table 14, Table 15
7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 8.5| Figure added Typos corrected

Voltage pin 37 corrected to 1 V Number of MAC addresses added

Chapters added

ABOUT THIS MANUAL

Copyright and license expenses
Copyright protected © 2024 by TQ-Systems GmbH.
This User’s Manual may not be copied, reproduced, translated, changed or distributed, completely or partially in electronic, machine readable, or in any other form without the written consent of TQ-Systems GmbH.
The drivers and utilities for the components used as well as the BIOS are subject to the copyrights of the respective manufacturers. The licence conditions of the respective manufacturer are to be adhered to.
Bootloader-licence expenses are paid by TQ-Systems GmbH and are included in the price.
Licence expenses for the operating system and applications are not taken into consideration and must be calculated / declared separately.

Registered trademarks
TQ-Systems GmbH aims to adhere to copyrights of all graphics and texts used in all publications, and strives to use original or license-free graphics and texts.
All brand names and trademarks mentioned in this User’s Manual, including those protected by a third party, unless specified otherwise in writing, are subjected to the specifications of the current copyright laws and the proprietary laws of the present registered proprietor without any limitation. One should conclude that brand and trademarks are rightly protected by a third party.

Disclaimer
TQ-Systems GmbH does not guarantee that the information in this User’s Manual is up-to-date, correct, complete or of good quality. Nor does TQ-Systems GmbH assume guarantee for further usage of the information. Liability claims against TQ-Systems GmbH, referring to material or non-material related damages caused, due to usage or non-usage of the information given in this User’s Manual, or due to usage of erroneous or incomplete information, are exempted, as long as there is no proven intentional or negligent fault of TQ-Systems GmbH.
TQ-Systems GmbH explicitly reserves the rights to change or add to the contents of this User’s Manual or parts of it without special notification.

Important Notice:
Before using the Starterkit MBLS1028A or parts of the schematics of the MBLS1028A, you must evaluate it and determine if it is suitable for your intended application. You assume all risks and liability associated with such use. TQ-Systems GmbH makes no other warranties including, but not limited to, any implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. Except where prohibited by law, TQ-Systems GmbH will not be liable for any indirect, special, incidental or consequential loss or damage arising from the usage of the Starterkit MBLS1028A or schematics used, regardless of the legal theory asserted.

Imprint

TQ-Systems GmbH
Gut Delling, Mühlstraße 2
D-82229 Seefeld

• T el: +49 8153 9308–0
• Fax: +49 8153 9308–4223
• E-Mail: Info@TO-Group
• Web: TQ-Group

Tips on safety
Improper or incorrect handling of the product can substantially reduce its life span.

Symbols and typographic conventions
Table 1: Terms and Conventions

or components. These components are often damaged / destroyed by the transmission of a voltage higher than about 50 V.  A human body usually only experiences electrostatic discharges above approximately 3,000 V.
| This symbol indicates the possible use of voltages higher than 24 V. Please note the relevant statutory regulations in this regard.

Non-compliance with these regulations can lead to serious damage to your health and also cause damage / destruction of the component.

| This symbol indicates a possible source of danger. Acting against the procedure described can lead to possible damage to your health and / or cause damage / destruction of the material used.
| This symbol represents important details or aspects for working with TQ- products.
Command| A font with fixed-width is used to denote commands, contents, file names, or menu items.

Handling and ESD tips
General handling of your TQ-products

|

• The TQ-product may only be used and serviced by certified personnel who have taken note of the information, the safety regulations in this document and all related rules and regulations.
• A general rule is: do not touch the TQ-product during operation. This is especially important when switching on, changing jumper settings or connecting other devices without ensuring beforehand that the power supply of the system has been switched off.
• Violation of this guideline may result in damage / destruction of the TQMLS1028A and be dangerous to your health.
• Improper handling of your TQ-product would render the guarantee invalid.

---|---
| The electronic components of your TQ-product are sensitive to electrostatic discharge (ESD). Always wear antistatic clothing, use ESD-safe tools, packing materials etc., and operate your TQ- product in an ESD-safe environment. Especially when you switch modules on, change jumper settings,or connect other devices.
---|---

Naming of signals

A hash mark (#) at the end of the signal name indicates a low-active signal.
Example: RESET#
If a signal can switch between two functions and if this is noted in the name of the signal, the low-active function is marked with a hash mark and shown at the end.
Example: C / D#
If a signal has multiple functions, the individual functions are separated by slashes when they are important for the wiring. The identification of the individual functions follows the above conventions.
Example: WE2# / OE#

Further applicable documents / presumed knowledge

• Specifications and manual of the modules used:
  These documents describe the service, functionality and special characteristics of the module used (incl. BIOS).

• Specifications of the components used:
  The manufacturer’s specifications of the components used, for example CompactFlash cards, are to be taken note of. They contain, if applicable, additional information that must be taken note of for safe and reliable operation.
  These documents are stored at TQ-Systems GmbH.

• Chip errata:
  It is the user’s responsibility to make sure all errata published by the manufacturer of each component are taken note of. The manufacturer’s advice should be followed.

• Software behaviour:
  No warranty can be given, nor responsibility taken for any unexpected software behaviour due to deficient components.

• General expertise:
  Expertise in electrical engineering / computer engineering is required for the installation and the use of the device.

The following documents are required to fully comprehend the following contents:

• MBLS1028A circuit diagram
• MBLS1028A User’s Manual
• LS1028A Data Sheet
• U-Boot documentation: www.denx.de/wiki/U-Boot/Documentation
• Yocto documentation: www.yoctoproject.org/docs/
• TQ-Support Wiki: Support-Wiki TQMLS1028A

BRIEF DESCRIPTION

This User’s Manual describes the hardware of the TQMLS1028A revision 02xx, and refers to some software settings. Differences to TQMLS1028A revision 01xx are noted, when applicable.
A certain TQMLS1028A derivative does not necessarily provide all features described in this User’s Manual.
This User’s Manual does also not replace the NXP CPU Reference Manuals.
The information provided in this User’s Manual is only valid in connection with the tailored boot loader,
which is preinstalled on the TQMLS1028A, and the BSP provided by TQ-Systems GmbH. See also chapter 6.
The TQMLS1028A is a universal Minimodule based on the NXP Layerscape CPUs LS1028A / LS1018A / LS1027A / LS1017A. These Layerscape CPUs feature a Single, or a Dual Cortex®-A72 core, with QorIQ technology.

The TQMLS1028A extends the TQ-Systems GmbH product range and offers an outstanding computing performance.
A suitable CPU derivative (LS1028A / LS1018A / LS1027A / LS1017A) can be selected for each requirement.
All essential CPU pins are routed to the TQMLS1028A connectors.
There are therefore no restrictions for customers using the TQMLS1028A with respect to an integrated customised design. Furthermore all components required for the correct CPU operation, like DDR4 SDRAM, eMMC, power supply and power management are integrated on the TQMLS1028A. The main TQMLS1028A characteristics are:

• CPU derivatives LS1028A / LS1018A / LS1027A / LS1017A
• DDR4 SDRAM, ECC as an assembly option
• eMMC NAND Flash
• QSPI NOR Flash
• Single supply voltage 5 V
• RTC / EEPROM / temperature sensor

The MBLS1028A also serves as carrier board and reference platform for the TQMLS1028A.

OVERVIEW

Block diagram

System components
The TQMLS1028A provides the following key functions and characteristics:

• Layerscape CPU LS1028A or pin compatible, see 4.1
• DDR4 SDRAM with ECC (ECC is an assembly option)
• QSPI NOR Flash (assembly option)
• eMMC NAND Flash
• Oscillators
• Reset structure, Supervisor and Power Management
• System Controller for Reset-Configuration and Power Management
• Voltage regulators for all voltages used on the TQMLS1028A
• Voltage supervision
• Temperature sensors
• Secure Element SE050 (assembly option)
• RTC
• EEPROM
• Boar-to-Board connectors

All essential CPU pins are routed to the TQMLS1028A connectors. There are therefore no restrictions for customers using the TQMLS1028A with respect to an integrated customised design. The functionality of the different TQMLS1028A is mainly determined by the features provided by the respective CPU derivative.

ELECTRONICS

LS1028A
LS1028A variants, block diagrams

LS1028A variants, details
The following table shows the features provided by the different variants.
Fields with a red background indicate differences; fields with a green background indicate compatibility.

Table 2: LS1028A variants

DDR4 + ECC
GPU| 1 × GC7000UltraLite| –| 1 × GC7000UltraLite| –
| 4 × 2.5 G/1 G switched Eth (TSN enabled)| 4 × 2.5 G/1 G switched Eth (TSN enabled)| 4 × 2.5 G/1 G switched Eth (TSN enabled)| 4 × 2.5 G/1 G switched Eth (TSN enabled)
Ethernet| 1 × 2.5 G/1 G Eth

(TSN enabled)

| 1 × 2.5 G/1 G Eth

(TSN enabled)

| 1 × 2.5 G/1 G Eth

(TSN enabled)

| 1 × 2.5 G/1 G Eth

(TSN enabled)

| 1 × 1 G Eth| 1 × 1 G Eth| 1 × 1 G Eth| 1 × 1 G Eth
PCIe| 2 × Gen 3.0 Controllers (RC or RP)| 2 × Gen 3.0 Controllers (RC or RP)| 2 × Gen 3.0 Controllers (RC or RP)| 2 × Gen 3.0 Controllers (RC or RP)
USB| 2 × USB 3.0 with PHY

(Host or Device)

| 2 × USB 3.0 with PHY

(Host or Device)

| 2 × USB 3.0 with PHY

(Host or Device)

| 2 × USB 3.0 with PHY

(Host or Device)

Reset Logic and Supervisor
The reset logic contains the following functions:

• Voltage monitoring on the TQMLS1028A
• External reset input
• PGOOD output for power-up of circuits on the carrier board, e.g., PHYs
• Reset LED (Function: PORESET# low: LED lights up)

Table 3: TQMLS1028A Reset- and Status signals

revision 01xx) or RESET_REQ_OUT# (TQMLS1028A revision 02xx)
HRESET#| X2-95| I/O| 1.8 V| –
TRST#| X2-100| I/OOC| 1.8 V| –
PGOOD| X1-14| O| 3.3 V| Enable signal for supplies and drivers on carrier board
RESIN#| X1-17| I| 3.3 V| –
RESET_REQ#|

X2-97

| O| 1.8 V| TQMLS1028A revision 01xx
RESET_REQ_OUT#| O| 3.3 V| TQMLS1028A revision 02xx

JTAG-Reset TRST#
TRST# is coupled to PORESET#, as shown in the following Figure. See also NXP QorIQ LS1028A Design Checklist (5).

Self-Reset on TQMLS1028A revision 01xx
The following block diagram shows the RESET_REQ# / RESIN# wiring of the TQMLS1028A revision 01xx.

Self-Reset on TQMLS1028A revision 02xx
The LS1028A can initiate or request a hardware reset via software.
The output HRESET_REQ# is driven internally by the CPU and can be set by software by writing to RSTCR register (bit 30).
By default, RESET_REQ# is fed back via 10 kΩ to RESIN# on the TQMLS1028A. No feedback on the carrier board is required. This leads to a self reset when RESET_REQ# is set.
Depending on the design of the feedback on the carrier board, it can “overwrite” the TQMLS1028A internal feedback and thus, if RESET_REQ# is active, can optionally

• trigger a reset
• not trigger a reset
• trigger further actions on the base board in addition to the reset

RESET_REQ# is indirectly routed as signal RESET_REQ_OUT# to the connector (see Table 4).
“Devices” that can trigger a RESET_REQ# see TQMLS1028A Reference Manual (3), section 4.8.3.

The following wirings show different possibilities to connect RESIN#.

Table 4: RESIN# connection

LS1028A Configuration

RCW Source
The RCW source of the TQMLS1028A is determined by the level of the analogue 3.3 V signal RCW_SRC_SEL.
The RCW source selection is managed by the system controller. A 10 kΩ Pull-Up to 3.3 V is assembled on the TQMLS1028A.

Table 5: Signal RCW_SRC_SEL

Configuration signals
The LS1028A CPU is configured via pins as well as via registers.

Table 6: Reset Configuration Signals

The following table shows the coding of the field cfg_rcw_src:

Table 7: Reset Configuration Source

Green Standard configuration
Yellow   Configuration for development and debugging

1. Yes →via shift register; No → fixed value.
2. Device address 0x50 / 101 0000b = Configuration EEPROM.

Reset Configuration Word
The RCW structure (Reset Configuration Word) can be found in the NXP LS1028A Reference Manual (3). The Reset Configuration Word (RCW) is transferred to the LS1028A as memory structure.
It has the same format as the Pre-Boot Loader (PBL). It has a start identifier and a CRC.
The Reset Configuration Word contains 1024 bits (128 bytes user data (memory image))

• + 4 bytes preamble
• + 4 bytes address
• + 8 bytes end command incl. CRC = 144 bytes

NXP offers a free tool (registration required) “QorIQ Configuration and Validation Suite 4.2” with which the RCW can be created.

Note: Adaption of RCW

| The RCW must be adapted to the actual application. This applies, for example, to SerDes configuration and I/O multiplexing. For the MBLS1028A there are three RCWs according to the selected boot source:

• rcw_1300_emmc.bin
• rcw_1300_sd.bin
• rcw_1300_spi_nor.bin

Settings via Pre-Boot-Loader PBL
In addition to the Reset Configuration Word, the PBL offers a further possibility to configure the LS1028A without any additional software. The PBL uses the same data structure as the RCW or extends it. For details see (3), Table 19.

Error handling during RCW loading
If an error occurs while loading the RCW or the PBL, the LS1028A proceeds as follows, see (3), Table 12:

Halt the Reset Sequence on RCW Error Detection.
If the Service Processor reports an error during its process of loading the RCW data, the following occurs:

• The device reset sequence is halted, remaining in this state.
• An error code is reported by the SP in RCW_COMPLETION[ERR_CODE].
• A request for a reset of the SoC is captured in RSTRQSR1[SP_RR], which generates a reset request if not masked by RSTRQMR1[SP_MSK].

This state can only be exited with a PORESET_B or Hard Reset.

System Controller
The TQMLS1028A uses a system controller for housekeeping and initialization functions. This system controller also performs power sequencing and voltage monitoring.
The functions are in detail:

• Correctly timed output of the reset configuration signal cfg_rcw_src[0:3]
•  Input for cfg_rcw_src selection, analogue level to encode five states (see Table 7):
  1. SD card
  2. eMMC
  3. NOR Flash
  4. Hard-coded
  5. I2C
• Power Sequencing: Control of power-up sequence of all module-internal supply voltages
• Voltage supervision: Monitoring of all supply voltages (assembly option)

System Clock
The system clock is permanently set to 100 MHz. Spread spectrum clocking is not possible.

SDRAM
1, 2, 4 or 8 GB of DDR4-1600 SDRAM can be assembled on the TQMLS1028A.

Flash
Assembled on TQMLS1028A:

• QSPI NOR Flash
• eMMC NAND Flash, Configuration as SLC is possible (higher reliability, half capacity) Please contact TQ-Support for more details.

External storage device:
SD card (on MBLS1028A)

QSPI NOR Flash
The TQMLS1028A supports three different configurations, see following Figure.

1. Quad SPI on Pos. 1 or Pos. 1 and 2, Data on DAT[3:0], separate chip selects, common clock
2. Octal SPI on pos. 1 or pos. 1 and 2, Data on DAT[7:0], separate chip selects, common clock
3. Twin-Quad SPI on pos. 1, Data on DAT[3:0] and DAT[7:4], separate chip selects, common clock

eMMC / SD card
The LS1028A provides two SDHCs; one is for SD cards (with switchable I/O voltage) and the other is for the internal eMMC (fixed I/O voltage). When populated, the TQMLS1028A internal eMMC is connected to SDHC2. The maximum transfer rate corresponds to the HS400 mode (eMMC from 5.0). In case the eMMC is not populated, an external eMMC can be connected.

EEPROM

Data EEPROM 24LC256T
The EEPROM is empty on delivery.

• 256 Kbit or not assembled
• 3 decoded address lines
• Connected to I2C controller 1 of the LS1028A
• 400 kHz I2C clock
• Device address is 0x57 / 101 0111b

Configuration EEPROM SE97B
The temperature sensor SE97BTP also contains a 2 Kbit (256 × 8 Bit) EEPROM. The EEPROM is divided into two parts.
The lower 128 bytes (address 00h to 7Fh) can be Permanent Write Protected (PWP) or Reversible Write Protected (RWP) by software. The upper 128 bytes (address 80h to FFh) are not write protected and can be used for general purpose data storage.

The EEPROM can be accessed with the following two I2C addresses.

• EEPROM (Normal Mode): 0x50 / 101 0000b
• EEPROM (Protected Mode): 0x30 / 011 0000b

The configuration EEPROM contains a standard reset configuration at delivery. The following table lists the parameters stored in the configuration EEPROM.

Table 8: EEPROM, TQMLS1028A-specific data

The configuration EEPROM is only one of several options for storing the reset configuration.
By means of the standard reset configuration in the EEPROM, a correctly configured system can always be achieved by simply changing the Reset Configuration Source.
If the Reset Configuration Source is selected accordingly, 4 + 4 + 64 + 8 bytes = 80 bytes are required for the reset configuration. It can also be used for the Pre-Boot Loader PBL.

RTC

• The RTC PCF85063ATL is supported by U-Boot and Linux kernel.
• The RTC is powered via VIN, battery buffering is possible (battery on carrier board, see Figure 11).
• The alarm output INTA# is routed to the module connectors. A wake-up is possible via the system controller.
• The RTC is connected to the I2C controller 1, device address is 0x51 / 101 0001b.
• The accuracy of the RTC is primarily determined by the characteristics of the quartz used. The type FC-135 used on the TQMLS1028A has a standard frequency tolerance of ±20 ppm at +25 °C. (Parabolic coefficient: max. –0.04 × 10–6 / °C2) This results in an accuracy of approximately 2.6 seconds / day = 16 minutes / year.

Temperature monitoring

Due to the high power dissipation, temperature monitoring is absolutely necessary in order to comply with the specified operating conditions and thus ensure reliable operation of the TQMLS1028A. The temperature critical components are:

• LS1028A
• DDR4 SDRAM

The following measuring points exist:

• LS1028A temperature:
  Measured via diode integrated in LS1028A, read out via external channel of SA56004

• DDR4 SDRAM:
  Measured by temperature sensor SE97B

• 3.3 V switching regulator:
  SA56004 (internal channel) to measure the 3.3 V switching regulator temperature

The open-drain Alarm Outputs (open drain) are connected and have a Pull-Up to signal TEMP_OS#. Control via I2C controller I2C1 of the LS1028A, device addresses see Table 11.
Further details can be found in the SA56004EDP data sheet (6).
An additional temperature sensor is integrated in the configuration EEPROM, see 4.8.2.

TQMLS1028A Supply
The TQMLS1028A requires a single supply of 5 V ±10 % (4.5 V to 5.5 V).

Power consumption TQMLS1028A
The power consumption of the TQMLS1028A strongly depends on the application, the mode of operation and the operating system. For this reason the given values have to be seen as approximate values.
Current peaks of 3.5 A may occur. The carrier board power supply should be designed for a TDP of 13.5 W.
The following table shows power consumption parameters of the TQMLS1028A measured at +25 °C.

Table 9: TQMLS1028A power consumption

Power consumption RTC

Table 10: RTC power consumption

Voltage monitoring
The permitted voltage ranges are given by the data sheet of the respective component and, if applicable, the voltage monitoring tolerance. Voltage monitoring is an assembly option.

Interfaces to other systems and devices

Secure Element SE050
A Secure Element SE050 is available as assembly option.
All six signals of ISO_14443 (NFC Antenna) and ISO_7816 (Sensor Interface) provided by the SE050 are available.
The ISO_14443 and ISO_7816 signals of the SE050 are multiplexed with the SPI bus and JTAG signal TBSCAN_EN#, see Table 13.

The I2C address of the Secure Element is 0x48 / 100 1000b.

I2C bus
All six I2C buses of the LS1028A (I2C1 to I2C6) are routed to the TQMLS1028A connectors and not terminated.
The I2C1 bus is level shifted to 3.3 V and terminated with 4.7 kΩ Pull-Ups to 3.3 V on the TQMLS1028A.
The I2C devices on the TQMLS1028A are connected to the level-shifted I2C1 bus. More devices can be connected to the bus, but additional external Pull-Ups may be necessary on account of the relatively high capacitive load.

Table 11: I2C1 device addresses

SE97BTP

| Temperature sensor| 0x18 / 001 1000b| Temperature
EEPROM| 0x50 / 101 0000b| Normal Mode
EEPROM| 0x30 / 011 0000b| Protected Mode
SE050C2| Secure Element| 0x48 / 100 1000b| Only on TQMLS1028A revision 02xx

UART
Two UART interfaces are configured in the BSP provided by TQ-Systems and directly routed to the TQMLS1028A connectors. More UARTs are available with an adapted pin multiplexing.

JTAG®
The MBLS1028A provides a 20-pin header with standard JTAG® signals. Alternatively the LS1028A can be addressed via OpenSDA.

TQMLS1028A interfaces

Pin multiplexing
When using the processor signals the multiple pin configurations by different processor-internal function units must be taken note of. The pin assignment in Table 12 and Table 13 refers to the BSP provided by TQ-Systems in combination with the MBLS1028A.

Attention: Destruction or malfunction
Depending on the configuration many LS1028A pins can provide several different functions.
Please take note of the information concerning the configuration of these pins in (1), before integration or start-up of your carrier board / Starterkit.

Pinout TQMLS1028A connectors

Table 12:  Pinout connector X1

Table 13: Pinout connector X2

MECHANICS

Assembly

The labels on the TQMLS1028A revision 01xx show the following information:

Table 14: Labels on TQMLS1028A revision 01xx

The labels on the TQMLS1028A revision 02xx show the following information:

Table 15: Labels on TQMLS1028A revision 02xx

Dimensions

3D models are available in SolidWorks, STEP and 3D PDF formats. Please contact TQ-Support for more details.

Connectors
The TQMLS1028A is connected to the carrier board with 240 pins on two connectors.
The following table shows details of the connector assembled on the TQMLS1028A.

Table 16: Connector assembled on TQMLS1028A

• 120-pin, 0.8 mm pitch
• Plating: Gold 0.2 µm
• –40 °C to +125 °C

The TQMLS1028A is held in the mating connectors with a retention force of approximately 24 N.
To avoid damaging the TQMLS1028A connectors as well as the carrier board connectors while removing the TQMLS1028A the use of the extraction tool MOZI8XX is strongly recommended. See chapter 5.8 for further information.

Note: Component placement on carrier board

| 2.5 mm should be kept free on the carrier board, on both long sides of the TQMLS1028A for the extraction tool MOZI8XX.

The following table shows some suitable mating connectors for the carrier board.

Table 17: Carrier board mating connectors

|

TE connectivity

| 120-pin:| 1-5177986-5| –| 6 mm|

120-pin:| 2-5177986-5| –| 7 mm
 | 120-pin:| 3-5177986-5| –| 8 mm|

Adaptation to the environment
The TQMLS1028A overall dimensions (length × width) are 55 × 44 mm2.
The LS1028A CPU has a maximum height of approximately 9.2 mm above the carrier board, the TQMLS1028A has a maximum height of approximately 9.6 mm above the carrier board. The TQMLS1028A weighs approximately 16 grams.

Protection against external effects
As an embedded module, the TQMLS1028A is not protected against dust, external impact and contact (IP00). Adequate protection has to be guaranteed by the surrounding system.

Thermal management
To cool the TQMLS1028A, approximately 6 Watt must be dissipated, see Table 9 for typical power consumption. The power dissipation originates primarily in the LS1028A, the DDR4 SDRAM and the buck regulators.
The power dissipation also depends on the software used and can vary according to the application.

Attention: Destruction or malfunction, TQMLS1028A heat dissipation

The TQMLS1028A belongs to a performance category in which a cooling system is essential.
It is the user’s sole responsibility to define a suitable heat sink (weight and mounting position) depending on the specific mode of operation (e.g., dependence on clock frequency, stack height, airflow and software).

Particularly the tolerance chain (PCB thickness, board warpage, BGA balls, BGA package, thermal pad, heatsink) as well as the maximum pressure on the LS1028A must be taken into consideration when connecting the heat sink. The LS1028A is not necessarily the highest component.
Inadequate cooling connections can lead to overheating of the TQMLS1028A and thus malfunction, deterioration or destruction.

For the TQMLS1028A, TQ-Systems offers a suitable heat spreader (MBLS1028A-HSP) and a suitable heat sink (MBLS1028A-KK). Both can be purchased separately for larger quantities. Please contact your local sales representative.

Structural requirements
The TQMLS1028A is held in its mating connectors by the 240 pins with a retention force of approximately 24 N.

Notes of treatment
To avoid damage caused by mechanical stress, the TQMLS1028A may only be extracted from the carrier board by using the extraction tool MOZI8XX that can also be obtained separately.

Note: Component placement on carrier board

| 2.5 mm should be kept free on the carrier board, on both long sides of the TQMLS1028A for the extraction tool MOZI8XX.

SOFTWARE

The TQMLS1028A is delivered with a preinstalled boot loader and a BSP provided by TQ-Systems, which is configured for the combination of TQMLS1028A and MBLS1028A.
The boot loader provides TQMLS1028A-specific as well as board-specific settings, e.g.:

• LS1028A configuration
• PMIC configuration
• DDR4 SDRAM configuration and timing
• eMMC configuration
• Multiplexing
• Clocks
• Pin configuration
• Driver strengths

More information can be found in the Support Wiki for the TQMLS1028A.

SAFETY REQUIREMENTS AND PROTECTIVE REGULATIONS

EMC
The TQMLS1028A was developed according to the requirements of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). Depending on the target system, anti-interference measures may still be necessary to guarantee the adherence to the limits for the overall system.
The following measures are recommended:

• Robust ground planes (adequate ground planes) on the printed circuit board.
• A sufficient number of blocking capacitors in all supply voltages.
• Fast or permanently clocked lines (e.g., clock) should be kept short; avoid interference of other signals by distance and / or shielding besides, take note of not only the frequency, but also the signal rise times.
• Filtering of all signals, which can be connected externally (also “slow signals” and DC can radiate RF indirectly).

Since the TQMLS1028A is plugged on an application-specific carrier board, EMC or ESD tests only make sense for the whole device.

ESD
In order to avoid interspersion on the signal path from the input to the protection circuit in the system, the protection against electrostatic discharge should be arranged directly at the inputs of a system. As these measures always have to be implemented on the carrier board, no special preventive measures were planned on the TQMLS1028A.
The following measures are recommended for a carrier board:

• Generally applicable: Shielding of inputs (shielding connected well to ground / housing on both ends)
• Supply voltages: Suppressor diodes
• Slow signals: RC filtering, Zener diodes
• Fast signals: Protection components, e.g., suppressor diode arrays

Operational safety and personal security
Due to the occurring voltages (≤5 V DC), tests with respect to the operational and personal safety have not been carried out.

Cyber Security
A Threat Analysis and Risk Assessment (TARA) must always be performed by the customer for their individual end application, as the TQMa95xxSA is only a sub-component of an overall system.

Intended Use
TQ DEVICES, PRODUCTS AND ASSOCIATED SOFTWARE ARE NOT DESIGNED, MANUFACTURED OR INTENDED FOR USE OR RESALE FOR THE OPERATION IN NUCLEAR FACILITIES, AIRCRAFT OR OTHER TRANSPORTATION NAVIGATION OR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS, AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS, LIFE SUPPORT MACHINES, WEAPONS SYSTEMS, OR ANY OTHER EQUIPMENT OR APPLICATION REQUIRING FAIL-SAFE PERFORMANCE OR IN WHICH THE FAILURE OF TQ PRODUCTS COULD LEAD TO DEATH, PERSONAL INJURY, OR SEVERE PHYSICAL OR ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE. (COLLECTIVELY, “HIGH RISK APPLICATIONS”)
You understand and agree that your use of TQ products or devices as a component in your applications are solely at your own risk. To minimize the risks associated with your products, devices and applications, you should take appropriate operational and design related protective measures.

You are solely responsible for complying with all legal, regulatory, safety and security requirements relating to your products. You are responsible for ensuring that your systems (and any TQ hardware or software components incorporated into your systems or products) comply with all applicable requirements. Unless otherwise explicitly stated in our product related documentation, TQ devices are not designed with fault tolerance capabilities or features and therefore cannot be considered as being designed, manufactured or otherwise set up to be compliant for any implementation or resale as a device in high risk applications. All application and safety information in this document (including application descriptions, suggested safety precautions, recommended TQ products or any other materials) is for reference only. Only trained personnel in a suitable work area are permitted to handle and operate TQ products and devices. Please follow the general IT security guidelines applicable to the country or location in which you intend to use the equipment.

Export Control and Sanctions Compliance
The customer is responsible for ensuring that the product purchased from TQ is not subject to any national or international export/import restrictions. If any part of the purchased product or the product itself is subject to said restrictions, the customer must procure the required export/import licenses at its own expense. In the case of breaches of export or import limitations, the customer indemnifies TQ against all liability and accountability in the external relationship,irrespective of the legal grounds. If there is a transgression or violation, the customer will also be held accountable for any losses, damages or fines sustained by TQ. TQ is not liable for any delivery delays due to national or international export restrictions or for the inability to make a delivery as a result of those restrictions. Any compensation or damages will not be provided by TQ in such instances.

The classification according to the European Foreign Trade Regulations (export list number of Reg. No. 2021/821 for dual-use-goods) as well as the classification according to the U.S. Export Administration Regulations in case of US products (ECCN according to the U.S. Commerce Control List) are stated on TQ´s invoices or can be requested at any time. Also listed is the Commodity code (HS) in accordance with the current commodity classification for foreign trade statistics as well as the country of origin of the goods requested/ordered.

Warranty

TQ-Systems GmbH warrants that the product, when used in accordance with the contract, fulfills the respective contractually agreed specifications and functionalities and corresponds to the recognized state of the art.
The warranty is limited to material, manufacturing and processing defects. The manufacturer’s liability is void in the following cases:

• Original parts have been replaced by non-original parts.
• Improper installation, commissioning or repairs.
• Improper installation, commissioning or repair due to lack of special equipment.
• Incorrect operation
• Improper handling
• Use of force
• Normal wear and tear

Climatic and operational conditions
The possible temperature range strongly depends on the installation situation (heat dissipation by heat conduction and convection); hence, no fixed value can be given for the TQMLS1028A.
In general, a reliable operation is given when following conditions are met:

Table 18: Climate and operational conditions

References

• The U-Boot Documentation — Das U-Boot unknown version documentation
• Welcome to the Yocto Project Documentation — The Yocto Project ® 5.0.999 documentation

Read User Manual Online (PDF format)

Read User Manual Online (PDF format)  >>

Download This Manual (PDF format)

Download this manual  >>