3B Scientific W19900 Atomic Structure Instruction Manual
- June 6, 2024
- 3B Scientific
Table of Contents
W19900/W19901
Atomic Structure
Objective:
Develop a visual conceptualization of atomic structure based on theory and
knowledge of fundamental particles.
a.Identify the three fundamental particles of an atom when given the charge,
mass, atomic number, and location of the particle.
b.Determine the number of protons, electrons, or neutrons in an element when
given the atomic number and the atomic mass of the element.
c. Identify isotopes of an element.
d. Draw the electron-dot (Lewis) structure of elements.
Materials: BRIGHT Teacher Atom, BRIGHT Atom, the periodic table, activity sheet
Teacher Atom:
With Teacher Atom you get 2 atomic nuclei of different sizes, 8 electron
shells, and protons, electrons, and neutrons. All parts can be used
separately.
Place an atomic nucleus and at the whiteboard and an optional number of
electron shells outside of it. Use every other electron shell from the board
to each nucleus (2, 4, 6, and 8 to the larger nucleus; 1, 3, 5, and 7 to the
smaller nucleus). Place elementary particles in the right positions; protons
and neutrons in the atomic nucleus and electrons at the electron shells. To
presentions, place both atomic nuclei with electron shells at the whiteboard,
next to each other, and place the elementary particles at the electron
shells. The electrons can be moved from one atom to the other by the hand.
All parts of the Teacher Atom are magnetic, and can easily be moved at the
surface.
|
---|---
Description:
1. Atomic nucleus, larger
2. 8 electron shells
3. Protons
4. Neutrons| 5. Electrons
6. Storage board
7. Atomic nucleus, smaller
Procedure:
Present the concepts to the class using the Teacher Atom. Place the BRIGHT
Atom before you and group protons, neutrons, and electrons together on a flat
surface.
Activities:
-
Fill in the following chart for each subatomic particle:
| charge| mass| location
---|---|---|---
proton| | |
electron| | |
neutron| | | -
Define atomic number.
-
Define atomic mass.
-
Using the BRIGHT Atom, place 8 protons and 8 neutrons in the nucleus. How many electrons will be present in this atom? _ Place the electrons in the proper orbital. How many electrons will be in the first orbital? How many electrons will be in the second orbital? In the space below, draw the electron dot diagram of this atom.
Identify this atom using the periodic table:___ -
Assemble the following atoms using the model and draw the electron dot diagram for each:
| #protons| #neutrons| #electrons| Atomic number| Atomic mass| diagram
---|---|---|---|---|---|---
hydrogen| | | | | |
calcium| | | | | |
boron| | | | | |
helium| | | | | |
nitrogen| | | | | |
iron| | | | | |
carbon| | | | | | -
Given the information below, construct each atom using the BRIGHT atom model and then identify the atom using the periodic table.
name| #protons| =neutrons| #electrons| Atomic number| Atomic mass
---|---|---|---|---|---
| 12| 12| | |
| | | 9| | 18
| | | | 5|
| 13| 13| | |
potassium| | | | |
| | | | 18|
neon| | | | | -
Atoms of the same element that have different masses are called isotopes. Using the BRIGHT Atom, construct carbon-12. How many neutrons does this atom have in its nucleus? Now, using the model, make the necessary adjustments to show carbon-14. How many neutrons does this
atom have in its nucleus? -
Atoms in which the number of electrons does not equal the number of protons is called ions. Using the model, construct the cation Na+. How does it differ from Na and Na++?
Does the atomic number change?
Does the atomic mass change?
Which of the three would be most reactive? -
Define covalent bond:
-
Define ionic bond:
-
Using the models, make the following compounds and tell if the bonds between them are covalent or ionic:
| Bond| diagram
---|---|---
NaCl| |
HCl| | -
Carbon is one of the most common elements found in nature. construct this atom with the model. Explain why it is so readily reactive in living systems. (hint: How many electrons are in its outer shell?)
How many electrons can it accommodate in the outer shell?
Explain how this model illustrates the Octet Rule.
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