3B Scientific UE1020100 Hooke’s Law Basic Equipment Instruction Manual

3B Scientific UE1020100 Hooke’s Law Basic Equipment

Product Information

• Specifications
  • Product Name: Hooke’s Law Apparatus (UE1020100)
  • Objective: Confirm Hooke’s law for coil springs under tension
  • Apparatus Included:
  • Set of Helical Springs for Hooke’s Law
  • Vertical Ruler (1 m)
  • Set of Riders for Rulers
  • Barrel Foot (1000 g)
  • Stainless Steel Rod (1000 mm)
  • Tripod Stand (150 mm)
  • Clamp with Hook

Product Usage Instructions

• Basic Principles of Hooke’s Law
  • In any elastic body, extension and tension are proportional to one another. Hooke’s Law states that the change in the length of a spring is proportional to the force applied to it.
• Experiment Procedure
  • Set up the apparatus as per the provided instructions.
  • Determine the initial tension of the spring by adding weight until it extends from its natural length (s0) to a new length (s1).
  • Apply additional weights to the spring to measure forces over the initial tension following Hooke’s Law formula: F – F1 = k(s – s1).
  • Record measurements and observe the behaviour of the spring under different forces.
• Evaluation
  • To determine the force of gravity, use the mass of the weight according to the formula: F = m 10 s2.

FAQs

• Q: What is Hooke’s Law?
  • A: Hooke’s Law states that the force needed to extend or compress a spring by some distance is proportional to that distance.
• Q: How do I calculate the spring constant?
  • A: The spring constant (k) depends on the material and geometric dimensions of the spring. For a cylindrical coil spring, use the formula: k = (G D^4) / (8 n * D^3).

EXPERIMENT PROCEDURE

• Confirm Hooke’s law and determine the spring constant of five different coil springs.
• Compare the measured spring constants with those calculated theoretically.

OBJECTIVE

• Confirm Hooke’s law for coil springs under tension

SUMMARY

• In any elastic body, extension and tension are proportional to one another.
• This relationship was discovered by Robert Hooke and is frequently demonstrated using a coil spring with weights suspended from it.
• The change in the length of the spring is proportional to the force of gravity F on the suspended weight. In this experiment, five different coil springs will be measured.
• Thanks to a suitable choice of wire diameter and coil diameter, the spring constants all span one order of magnitude.
• In each case, the validity of Hooke’s law will be demonstrated for forces over the initial tension.

REQUIRED APPARATUS

Additionally recommended

• 1 /Callipers, 150 mm /1002601
• 1 /External Micrometer /1002600

BASIC PRINCIPLES

• In any elastic body, extension and tension are proportional to one another.
• This relationship was discovered by Robert Hooke and is a good description of how a large number of materials behave when the degree of deformation is sufficiently small.
• This law is frequently demonstrated using a coil spring with weights suspended from it.
• The change in the length of the spring is proportional to the force of gravity F on the suspended weight.

For the sake of greater precision, it is first necessary to determine the initial tension that may be exhibited by the spring as the result of its manufacturing process. It is necessary to compensate for this by adding a weight that applies a force F1, causing the spring to extend from its natural length without any weight s0 to a length s1.

For weights over F1, Hooke’s law applies in the following form:

1. F−F1 = k⋅(s − s1)
   • This is so as long as the length of the springs does not exceed a certain critical length.
   • The spring constant k depends on the material and the geometric dimensions of the spring. For a cylindrical coil spring with n turns of constant diameter D, the following is true:
2. d: Diameter of wire coils of spring
   • The shear modulus G for the steel wire forming the spring’s coils is 81.5 GPa.
   • In this experiment, five different coil springs will be measured. Thanks to a suitable choice of wire diameter and coil diameter, the spring constants all span one order of magnitude.
   • In each case, the validity of Hooke’s law will be demonstrated for forces over the initial tension.

EVALUATION

• The force of gravity F can be determined to sufficient precision from the mass m of the weight as follows:

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