UEi C161 Flue Gas Combustion Analyzer Instruction Manual

UEi C161 Flue Gas Combustion Analyzer Instruction Manual

FUNCTIONS

• Measures: Flue temperature, Inlet temperature (Internal & External Sensor), CO, CO2
• Calculates: CO/CO2 Ratio, Efficiency (Nett or Gross), Efficiency (High Condensing), Excess Air, Losses
• Low flow detection

FEATURES

• Large 6 line display
• EOS Technology
• NOx Filtered
• Water Trap Indication
• High Altitude Compensation

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

• Operating Temperature: 32˚ to 113˚F (0˚ to 45˚C)
• Storage Temperature: 0˚ to 113˚F (-18˚ to 45˚C)
• Operating Humidity: 15% to 90% R.H.
• Back light: Yes
• Dimensions: 8.54 x 4.18 x 1.86 inch
• Item Weight: 1.51 lb
• Calibration: Recommended Annually
• Certification: CE Conformity, RoHS, REACH Compliant, AHRI 1260 standard
• Battery Type: NiMH (AA) 3
• Accuracy: ± (% of reading + # of least significant digits)

IMPORTANT SAFETY WARNINGS

 Read entire Safety Notes section regarding potential hazard and proper instructions before using this analyzer. In this manual the word “WARNING” is used to indicate conditions or actions that may pose physical hazards to the user. The word “CAUTION” is used to indicate conditions or actions that may damage this instrument. This analyzer must only be used in well-ventilated locations by trained and competent persons after due consideration of all potential hazards.

To ensure safe operation and service of the tester, follow these instructions. Failure to observe these warnings can result in severe injury or death.

• Do not use this analyzer during electrical storms or in wet weather.
• To avoid false readings, charge batteries if a low battery indicator appears.
• Always adhere to national and local safety codes. Use proper personal protective equipment (PPE).

This analyzer extracts combustion gases that may be toxic in relatively low concentrations. These gases are exhausted from the back of the analyzer.

This analyzer is designed for trade professionals who are familiar with the hazards of their trade. Observe all recommended safety procedures that include proper lockout utilization and use of personal protective equipment that includes safety glasses, gloves and flame resistant clothing.

Users of portable gas detectors are recommended to conduct a “bump” check before relying on the unit to verify an atmosphere is free from hazard. A ‘bump” test is a means of verifying that an instrument is working within acceptable limits by briefly exposing to a known gas mixture formulated to change the output of all the sensors present. This is different from a calibration where the instrument is also exposed to a known gas mixture but is allowed to settle to a steady figure and the reading adjusted to the stated gas concentration of the test gas.

SYMBOLS

 Low battery
 Degrees Celsius
 Pump Start
 Hold
 Navigate Down
 Enter Key
 Degrees Fahrenheit
 Pump Status
 Pump Stop
 Printing
 Navigate Up
 Save Log

ANALYZER OVERVIEW

A. Infrared Printer Port
B. On/ Off (Power) Button
C. 6 Line Backlit Display
Press any button to turn Back light on (will turn off after 10 seconds)
D. Protective Rubber Boot With Magnets
E. Status Bar Line
F. Data Hold Button: Short press to hold current data.
G. Pump Toggle Button: Long press to toggle pump on and off
H. UP Button
Short press to navigate “UP”.
I. Save Log Button: Long press to store data.
J. Print Report Button: Short press to print a report to IR Port. (will enter a print option if Wireless Module is fitted)
K. Down Button
Short press to navigate “DOWN”
L. ENTER Button
Short press select current option displayed
Long press to activate some menu items
M. Rotary Selector Dial
N. Particle Filter (inside water trap)
O. Water Trap
P. LED Full Water Trap Indicator
Q. Serial Number: (under Protective Boot)
R. Sensors Fitted: (under Protective Boot) Indicates Sensors fitted in unit
S. Battery Compartment: (under Protective Boot)
T. Grip Indentation: Indentation for fingers to grip analyzer
U. Water Trap Drain Plug (Red plug; take caution NOT to damage plug when removing protective boot)
V. Battery Charge USB Adapter Connection
W. Temperature Connections
Flue Probe Temperature: T1
Inlet Temperature: T2
X. Flue Gas Inlet Connection

OVERVIEW

The direct measurement of CO2 is achieved using UEi’s own EOS technology sensor. CO2 is set to zero in fresh air automatically after the initial 60 second countdown.

If “ZERO CO2” is indicated, ensure the unit is in outside fresh air before selecting the “Purge” option. It is very important that re-zeroing is done in outside fresh air as indoor CO2 levels are affected by human breath

The analyzer has a protective rubber boot with magnets for hands-free operation and is supplied with a probe with an integral temperature sensor.

A low flow detection system warns of a low flow and switches the pump off, this also helps prevent water condensate ingress from overfilled water traps.

A large 6 line display provides the user with relevant information based on current activity including instrument status via the new intelligent Status Bar. All data can be printed via an optional infrared printer.

The C161 uses a new data storage system allowing up to 30 logs of any combination of Combustion, AUX or Temperature tests, rather than be restricted to an allowance of particular logs.

10 characters can be added to Line 1 of the header, 6 characters to Line 2 of Header of the printouts.

PRE TEST CHECKLIST

• Clean particle filter
• Water trap and probe line are empty of water
• Power on and zero
• All hose and thermocouple connections are properly secured
• Flue gas probe is sampling ambient FRESH air
• Water trap is fitted correctly to the instrument
• Flue temperature plug is connected
• Ensure water trap plug is inserted correctly

SETTING INLET TEMPERATURE

• Turn on and zero the analyzer without the flue probe connected to use ambient temperature.
• Connect flue probe thermocouple to T1 during zero countdown use for inlet ducted system.
• Connect a thermocouple to T2 to measure second temp source.

ANALYZER CONNECTIONS

WARNING!
Turning the pump off while the probe is in the flue will leave toxic gases inside the analyzer. Once data has been printed or copied, it is advisable to purge the unit with fresh air as soon as possible. To do this remove the probe from the flue and turn ON pump. Always allow the readings to return to zero (20.9% for O2) prior to shutting the unit off. The meter will not switch off until the CO reading is below 20 ppm.

WARNING!
The probe will be hot from flue gases. Remove the probe from the flue and allow it to cool naturally. Do not immerse the probe in water, as this will be drawn into the analyzer and damage the pump and sensors.

NOTE: Take care when inserting the temperature probes as the pins are polarized. Insert with the smaller pin (+) to the right.

EMPTYING & CLEANING THE IN-LINE WATER TRAP

• Remove the rubber plug
• Allow the water to drain out
• Re-insert the rubber plug

CHANGING THE PARTICLE FILTER

• Remove the protective rubber boot
• Slide the water trap unit from the analyzer
• Remove the particle filter from its’ spigot and replace
• Slide the water trap back into position and replace protective rubber boot

QUICK START

Turn on the analyzer by pressing the On/Off Button for 2 seconds until the unit activates. As described the analyzer will perform a 60 second turn on purge. Once completed simply select the reading desired by the position of the rotary dial.

FRESH AIR PURGE

Each time the analyzer is turned on it will perform a 60 second air purge, this is to clear the gas sampling path (including probe, if connected), and self calibrate the CO2 detection system. For these reasons it is very important that the analyzer be in outside fresh air when powered on.

WARNING
When in the Rotary Dial positions AUX, Flue 1 or Flue 2 ; Press the Up or Down Buttons, scroll to CO2 Zero. On the Purge option, short press the Edit Button, and a 60 second Purge will begin.

MEASURING FLUE GASES

After the initial countdown is finished and the analyzer is properly setup, put its’ flue probe in the appliance’s sampling point. The tip of the probe should be at the center of the flue. Use the flue probes depth stop cone to set the position. With balanced flues, make sure the probe is positioned into the flue so no air can “back flush” into the probe.
NOTE: Ensure the flue probe handle does not get hot!

DISPLAY PARAMETERS

The large display is backlit with 6 lines, the last line is the Status Bar line.

Menu Screen

Time (settable parameter; HH:MM:SS, displayed in 24 hour clock format)
Date (settable parameter; MM:DD:YY)
Header (16 character, 2 line settable parameter; 10 characters can be added to Line 1 of the header, 6 characters to Line 2)
IR Print (KMIRP or IRP-2)
˚C/˚F (Selectable parameter)
Gas Unit (Selectable parameter; select between ppm(n), ppm, mg/kWh(n), mg/kWh, mgm3(n), mgm3
Language (settable parameter; select between English, Espanol, Francais)
EFF (Efficiency; select between Efgn or Efgc except for Heavy Oil and Pellets)
O2 Ref (Selectable parameter; select between 0.0% to 20.0%)
Logs (if logs are saved, they will be displayed)
Code (for Authorized Service Personnel only)

Status Screen

Ti (Ambient temperature)
ATM (atmospheric pressure in mBars)
CAL (days until next calibration due)

AUX Screen

(Default selections can be changed by user to desired selections; select between O2, CO, Display Fuel Type, CAL, XAIR, LOSS, Efgn or Efgc, ATM, Ti, ∆T, T2, T1, CO2, COa, or COn for each line)

Default Selections Are:
O2 (displayed in %)
CO (displayed in ppm)
CO2 (displayed in %)
T1 (displayed in ˚F or ˚C, depending on selection in Menu Screen)
T2 (displayed in ˚F or ˚C, depending on selection in Menu Screen)

Flue 1 Screen

CO2 (displayed in %)
O2 (displayed in %)

Efficiency

Efgn (Nett efficiency)
Efgc (Gross efficiency)

T1 (displayed in ˚F or ˚C, depending on selection in Menu Screen)
T2 (displayed in ˚F or ˚C, depending on selection in Menu Screen)

Flue 2 Screen

CO (displayed in ppm)
COa (O2++ displayed in ppm)
CO2 (displayed in %)
Loss (displayed in %)
XAIr (Excess Air, O2++ displayed in ppm)

Temp Screen

T1 (displayed in ˚F or ˚C, depending on selection in Menu Screen)
T2 (displayed in ˚F or ˚C, depending on selection in Menu Screen)
∆T (Differential Temperature, displayed in ˚F or ˚C, depending on selection in Menu Screen)

Purge option

When the Rotary Dial is in AUX, Flue 1 or Flue 2 ; Press the or Buttons to scroll to CO2 Zero. Press and hold to select. Press to start a 60 second Purge.

Select “Status” on the dial to view the following:

Current fuel selection. Use status bar to change fuel selection. Select between: Pellets, Light Oil, Heavy Oil, LPG, Butane, Propane, Natural Gas, Bio Oil

Ambient temperature around the analyzer.

Current atmospheric pressure (mBar).

Shows number of days until next calibration is due.

Status Bar.

User Interface
The large six-line display will indicate 5 lines and the status bar (see pg. 9) the backlight will activate on each button press and turn off after 10 seconds of no activity. Navigation through the various start options and menu system is via the 3 button dedicated Up, Down & Enter Buttons. Button presses are categorized short press and long press (in the same manner as many modern consumer electronics).

Status Bar
The Status Bar provides the user with a concise indication of the instrument status, it incorporates an intelligent system that understands what the user is currently viewing on the display offering appropriate menu items as well as standard menu items.

Navigation through the Status Bar options is achieved via the and buttons when the Status Bar is visible on the display.

STATUS BAR

Status Bar Icons
The icons are designed to provide quick and simple instrument status information without having to navigate complicated menu systems or detract from the job at hand.

Status Bar Icon Layout

Status Bar Menu Options
The Status Bar will offer the user Menu items based on the Selector Dial setting.

Status Bar Options Table

Date Option Date (Displayed as)

MENU

Using the Menu
The Menu position on the Rotary Dial allows for the customization of the default settings for the analyzer as per the user’s requirements. Navigation through the Menu system is via the dedicated user’s interface buttons (Up, Down, Enter).

Menu Option to edit

As you navigate up or down through the Menu, the items will scroll accordingly, eventually back to the beginning.

Rotate Selector Dial to MENU to set up or customize your settings.
Selected parameter are centered, highlighted with arrow icons on either side.
Use  and buttons to scroll menu options,
Press to a select a parameter to edit. Press button to scroll fields to change .
Press and buttons to change field contents.
Press to enter content selected.

Menu Items

up or down.
Logs| VIEW| View current memory usage and view stored Logs
DELETE ALL|
EXIT|
Code|  | Password protected for authorized service agents only/ LEAVE SET TO “0000”.

STORED LOGS MEMORY

The C161 utilizes a shared memory system much like a computer hard drive. The different Log types are stored sequentially until the shared memory area is full. This means the log types are not restricted to a smaller number of memory locations as the full memory capacity is available as required for Logs of any type.

To view the current memory usage status simply navigate to menu —–> LOGS, press the   button to select the Log desired.

Number of stored Combustion Logs
Number of stored Auxiliary Logs
Number of stored Temperature Logs and “Pressure if fitted”
Total Memory Used
Menu Options

Menu Options

View stored Logs, this will enter the secondary menu to select the type of log to view (will only appear if data available).
Delete all stored Logs. To delete “long press” the button (will only appear if data available).
Exit back to the Main Menu

Viewing Stored Logs

Once the view has been selected from the Logs Menu the following screen will be displayed:
List of available Logs (Navigation and selection via the , and  buttons).

Log View Menu Options

View stored Combustion Logs (Option will appear if Logs are available).
View stored Auxiliary Logs (Option will appear if Logs are available).
Number of stored Temperature Logs and “Pressure if fitted” (Option will appear if Logs are available).
Exit back to previous menu

Navigating Stored Logs

Once the desired Log type to view has been selected, the first available stored Log will be displayed.
Log Number
Log time and date (this line will alternate between time and date of Log)
Log readings (information is specific to Log type)
Navigation Menu options

Log Navigation Menu Options

Print the currently selected Log
Navigate to the next available Log of the selected type (Option will only
appear if there is more than one Log).
Navigate to the previously selected Log of the selected type (Option will
only appear if there is more than one Log).
Exit back to the previous menu.

TEMPERATURE TESTING

Select the Temperature Rotary Dial position.
Temperature Display

Pressure will only show if fitted
Use the T1 connection for the Supply temperature sensor.
Use the T2 connection for the Return temperature sensor.
Real time temperature difference

Viewing/Printing
Press BUTTON to print the Temperature Screen.

PRINTOUTS

Selecting a Printer

Rotate selector Dial to Menu Position.
Use or buttons to scroll to IR PRINT.
Press button.
Use or buttons to select either IRP-2 or KMIRP (KMIRP2) printer.
Press button to save selection.

Printing
To print, simply press and release the PRINT BUTTON. Printing can be aborted by pressing the PRINT BUTTON again.

UEi Infrared Printer
Make sure the printer is switched on, ready to accept data and its infrared receiver is in line with the analyzer’s infrared emitter (on top of the analyzer).

SPECIFICATIONS

Temperature Measurement
Flue Temperature Inlet Temperature (Internal Sensor) Inlet Temperature (External Sensor)| ****

32˚ to 1112˚F (0˚ to 600˚) 32˚ to 122˚F (0 50°C) 32˚ to 1112˚F (0˚ to 600˚)

| 0.1˚F (0.1˚C) 0.1˚F (0.1˚C) 0.1˚F (0.1˚C)| 3.6˚F (±3% reading)
1.8˚F (±0.3% reading)
3.6˚F (±3% reading)
Flue Gas Measurement
Carbon Monoxide
Carbon Dioxide| ****

0 – 2000ppm
0 – 20%

| 1ppm 0.1%| ±3ppm or ±5% of Reading (whichever is greater)
±0.3% Volume
Calculations
Oxygen CO/CO2 Ratio
Efficiency (Nett or Gross) Efficiency High (C) Excess Air| 0 – 21%
0 – 0.9999
0 – 99.9%
0 – 119.9%
0 – 119.9%| 0.1%
0.0001
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%| ±0.3% Volume
±5% of Reading
±1% of Reading
±1% of Reading
±0.2% of Reading
Pre-programmed Fuels| Pellets, Light Oil, LPG, Butane, Propane, Natural Gas, Bio Oil, Heavy Oil
Battery Life| >8 hours (continuous with pump on)
Certification| The C161 is TUV-tested and certified to EN 50379, Parts 1-3 in accordance to 1st German Feder- al Emission Control Ordinance (Bim5chV)
Operating Conditions Temperatures Humidity| 32˚ to 113˚F (0˚ to 45˚C)

15 to 90% RH, (non-condensing)

Power Supply| Rechargeable batteries, USB Charging
Physical Characteristics
Weight Dimensions| 1.5 lb. (635g)
H: 8.54”x W: 4.18”x D: 1.86” (H: 217 mm x W:106 mm x D: 47mm)

The C161 is in conformity with the relevant Union harmonization legislation listed below:

and electronic equipment (RoHS)

The following harmonized standards and technical specifications have been applied:

CERTIFICATION

The UEi C161 is TUV-tested and certified to EN 50379, Parts 1, 2 & 3 in accordance to 1st German Federal Emission Control Ordinance (BlmSchV). Manufactured to meet AHRI 1260 standard.

EMC
EN507270:2015
Safety
EN61010-1:2010
RoHS
IEC62321-2:2013, IEC62321-1:2013; IEC62321-3-1;2013, IEC63321-5:2013, IEC623321-4:2013, IEC62321-7-2:2017, IEC62321-7-1:2015, IEC62321-6:2015

WHERE TO TEST

Air Conditioning / Heat Pump

Boiler & Water Heaters & High Efficiency Modulating Hot Water Systems

Furnaces (continued): Atmospheric, Gas & Oil

WHAT RESULTS ARE GENERALLY ACCEPTABLE

What Results Are Generally Acceptable

 | Atmospheric Gas Fixed Burners| Gas Fired Burners| Oil Fired burners (#2 Oil Fuel)| Positive Overfire Gas & Oil
---|---|---|---|---
Oxygen| 7 to 9% O2| 3 to 6% O2| 4 to 7% O2| 3 to 9% O2
Stack temperature| 325˚F to 500˚F| 275˚F to 500˚F| 325˚F to 600˚F|
Draft (Water Column Inches)| -.02 to -0.4 InWC| -.02 to -0.4 InWC| -.04 to – 0.6 InWC| -.02 to -0.4 InWC
Carbon Monoxide (parts per million)| <100 ppm| <100 ppm| <100 ppm| <100 ppm
Overfire Draft (Water Column Inches)|  | -.02 InWC| -0.2 InWC| 0.4 to 0.6 InWC
Smoke|  |  | 0 (manufacturer’s recommendation)|

NOTE: Follow manufacture guidelines for the specific equipment being serviced

Typical Excess Air Level

POWERING OFF

When you power off the C161, there is a 10 second purge.

Make sure you do not exceed the analyzer’s operating specifications. In particular:

• Do not exceed the flue probes maximum temperature (1112˚F)
• Do not exceed the analyzer’s internal temperature range
• Do not put the analyzer on a hot surface
• Do not exceed the water trap’s level
• Do not let the particle filter become dirty and blocked

View the displayed data to ensure that the stable operating conditions have been achieved and the readings are within the expected range.

POST TEST

Remove the probe from the flue and allow analyzer to purge with fresh air
until readings return to zero. O2 to 20.9%, CO to Zero (Be careful the probe
tip will be HOT).

GENERAL MAINTENANCE

Re-certify your instrument annually to ensure it meets original performance specifications.

PERIODIC SERVICE WARNING

Repair and service of this instrument is to be performed by qualified personnel only. Improper repair or service could result in physical degradation of the instrument. This could alter the protection from personal injury this meter provides to the operator. Perform only those maintenance tasks that you are qualified to do.

• Keep your instrument dry. If it gets wet, wipe dry immediately. Liquids can degrade electronic circuits.
• Whenever practical, keep the instrument away from dust and dirt that can cause premature wear.
• Although your instrument is built to withstand the rigors of daily use, it can be damaged by severe impacts. Use reasonable caution when using and storing the meter.

COLD WEATHER PRECAUTIONS

It is important you keep your flue gas analyzer in a warm and dry place overnight

Electronic devices that become really cold, by being left in a vehicle overnight, suffer when taken into a warm room the next morning. Condensation may form which can affect the analyzer’s performance & cause permanent damage. See operating and storage temperature specifications.

Electrochemical sensors used in flue gas analyzers can be affected by condensation or water being sucked into the analyzer, as the small apertures on top of sensors can become blocked with water, stopping sensors seeing flue gas. When this happens, oxygen or carbon dioxide reading will display as “—” & sensors may be permanently damaged

If you think that your analyzer is affected by condensation or water ingress, it may be possible to rectify the problem yourself. Simply leave the analyzer running in a warm place, with the pump ‘ON’ sampling fresh air for a few hours (use mains adapter/battery charger if needed). If, after doing this, you still experience problems please contact our Service Center.

REPLACING THE BATTERIES

This meter has been designed for use with both alkaline and rechargeable Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH) batteries. No other types are recommended and will void warranty. The analyzer is supplied with 3 (AA) size NiMH rechargeable batteries. These should be installed into the instrument

CAUTION
Take great care when installing the batteries to observe correct polarity.
Always check the meter for operation immediately after installing new batteries.

Using Rechargeable Batteries
The battery charger must only be used when NiMH batteries are fitted. Alkaline batteries are not rechargeable. Attempting to recharge alkaline batteries may result in damage to the product and create a fire risk.

WARNING
Do not try and charge the unit with Alkaline batteries fitted. Do not mix NiMH cells of different capacities of from different manufacturers, all cells must be identical.

Turn over the analyzer, remove the protective rubber boot and fit 3 “AA” NiMH rechargeable batteries in the battery compartment. Take great care to ensure they are fitted with the correct battery polarity. Replace the battery cover and the protective rubber boot.

Time and Date
When changing the batteries, the time and date will need setting.

Battery Disposal
Always dispose of depleted batteries using approved disposal methods that protect the environment.

Battery Charging
Ensure that you use the correct charger. This unit uses a 5V regulated charger. Ensure the batteries are fitted in the correct manner, and charge for at least 16 hours. Subsequent charges should be overnight. NiMH batteries may be charged at any time, even for short periods to conduct testing.

WARNING
Under NO circumstances should you expose batteries to extreme heat or fire as they may explode and cause injury. Always dispose of old batteries promptly in a manner consistent with local disposal regulations.

ANNUAL SERVICE & RECERTIFICATION

What You Get
Calibration (or sensor replacement)
30-point inspection by factory trained professionals
Firmware and software updates
Certificate of calibration
Another 12-month warranty on the analyzer
Return unit freight paid – within continental US and Canada
List of work performed, and parts replaced

RECERTIFICATION SERVICES

Turnaround
Before starting any service work, we stabilize your analyzer in ambient air
Our standard turnaround is 2 working days for standard pre-paid recertification.
If your unit requires extensive diagnostic or repair work, we will contact you with a quotation and estimated repair time prior to starting work.
Pre-authorizing payment for your repair on a credit card saves time. We will ask you for authority to charge the full cost of a service but if we only calibrate your unit, we’ll only charge the calibration fee.
Charges will be applied upon completion of the recertification service Shipping time for most repairs is 1 to 3 days. UEi pays return freight.

RETURNING YOUR ANALYZER

Before returning your analyzer to UEi Test Instruments, please ensure that you enclose:

• RMA label if you have used our online booking in process or via phone
• Your full contact details
• A daytime telephone number
• Details of faults you might have experienced
• Any relevant accessories (i.e. probe, printer, adapter & leak detectors).
• Any accessories that are returned will be checked

Packing Your Analyzer
Put analyzer and probes back in their cases
The case should be put into a box with 1-2 inches of packing on each side for protection. When shipping an analyzer only, use a shoe-box size container with enough packing to fill the empty space.
Print out the service paperwork sent to you and include it in the packaging.

NOTE: If you are having specific problems that you want evaluated, please add those comments on the paper work in detail. Include any accessories that may be related to issues with the analyzer Please be sure no personal items are packed with the return equipment You pay to ship your analyzer to us and we’ll pay the return freight back to you – within continental US and Canada. We advise the use of couriers that provide insurance and tracking services

When we receive your analyzer

Our Service Engineers will inspect the analyzer & accessories. If you haven’t booked and paid online, they will contact you to confirm the total recertification cost.

Once accepted, the work will be carried out and on completion, returned to you.

WHERE TO SEND YOUR ANALYZER

USA
UEi Test Instruments
800-547-5740
7601 East 88th Place, Suite 888
Indianapolis, IN 46256

Canada
Kane Canada Measurement Solutions
877-475-0648
150-13571 Verdun Place
Richmond, BC V6V 1W5

OTHER IMPORTANT FACTORS RELATING TO COMBUSTION

Other parameters measured include Nett temperature, draft and efficiency.

Nett Temperature
Nett temperature is the difference between the combustion air entering the combustion chamber and the flue gas temperature past the heat exchange. This is used to determine how efficient the system is extracting heat from the combustion process in addition to the performance of the combustion process. On sealed systems that have ducted inlet air for combustion air, the Nett temperature must compare this air stream temperature with the flue gases. If the appliance simply uses room air for the combustion air, our analyzers have an internal temperature sensor in the handset, so it will use this temperature when calculating Nett temperature. The most accurate results for efficiency are obtained when measuring flue gases at the point where flue temperature (not flame temperature) is the highest.

Draft
Draft is the difference between the ambient pressure level and the pressure level in the flue. This is created either by the natural buoyancy of the hot gases created in combustion lifting, or by an inducer fan that assists the flow of flue gases up the stack. Most combustion equipment will specify the amount of draft that is required for proper operation. Draft helps draw combustion air into the combustion chamber, and also helps in mixing the fuel and oxygen. Without proper draft, the combustion process can spill poisonous by-products into the space where the appliance is located. This can be a risk to those in the area, or create a danger to residents or employees working near the combustion equipment.

Efficiency
Efficiency is a measure of how well the fuel is burned to create heat, and how well the generated heat is captured for the intended use. The information used to create this value are based on the fuels heating value, the heat lost up the flue and the gas components in the flue gas. The original method to determine efficiency included many manual methods and lookup charts. As an example you would measure the CO2 level and the stack temperature and then reference a slide scale that would give you the relative efficiency number. UEi’s electronic combustion analyzers perform the measurements on a continuous basis, and can calculate the efficiency as adjustments are being made. Combine this with a printout and you are able to provide a before and after comparison of the combustion equipment in relatively little time as part of normal servicing. Combustion efficiency is not the same as AFUE (annual fuel usage efficiency). AFUE is not measurable with any portable flue gas analyzer.

Combustion Efficiency Calculations
This identifies three sources of loss associated with fuel burning:

• Losses due to flue gases:
  Dry Flue gas loss, Moisture and hydrogen,
  Sensible heat of water vapor, Unburned gas

• Losses due to refuse:
  Combustible in ash, riddling and dust

• Other losses:
  Radiation, convection, conduction other unmeasured losses

Nett efficiency calculations assume that the energy contained in the water vapor (formed as a product of combustion and from wet fuel) is recovered and the wet loss term is zero. Gross efficiency calculations assume that the energy contained in the water vapor is not recovered. Since the fuel air mixture is never consistent there is the possibility of unburned/partially unburned fuel passing through the flue. This is represented by the unburned carbon loss. Losses due to combustible matter in ashes, riddling, dust and grit, radiation, convection and conduction are not included.

CO Air Free
Certain standards ( ANSI Z21.1) for Carbon Monoxide are stated in terms of air-free. Air-free refers to the concentration of CO in combustion gases undiluted with flue, or other gases containing little CO. This value is computed using an equation that takes into account the O2 concentration of
the flue gas.

• If 5% O2 is measured (O2m) in the flue then the CO gas value will be recalculated as if 0% were measured. The equation for air-free is as follows:: COaf = CO PPM x [(20.9) / (20.9 – O2m)]
• In our example if a reading of 325 PPM were measured then the air-free value would be calculated as follows: COaf = 325 PPM x [(20.9) / (20.9 – 5)] COaf = 325 PPM x [(20.9) / (15.9)] COaf = 427

We may be given a limit on our gas range by the local authority, which stated that we must not emit more than 400-PPM Carbon Monoxide airfree. In the example we would be breaking the limit and corrective action should be taken to reduce the level of CO. Air-free values prevent false readings being submitted, e.g. allowing more air into the boiler will increase the oxygen level in the flue and dilute any toxic gas reading. Air-free referencing gives readings as if they were undiluted.

DISPOSAL

Caution: This symbol indicates that equipment and its accessories shall be subject to separate collection and correct disposal.

CLEANING

Periodically clean your meters’ case using a damp cloth. DO NOT use abrasive, flammable liquids, cleaning solvents, or strong detergents as they may damage the finish, impair safety, or affect the reliability of the structural components.

STORAGE

Remove the batteries when instrument is not in use for a prolonged period of time. Do not expose to high temperatures or humidity. After a period of storage in extreme conditions exceeding the limits mentioned in the General Specifications section, allow the instrument to return to normal operating conditions before using it.

WARRANTY

The C161 is warranted to be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of 1 year from the date of purchase. If within the warranty period your instrument should become inoperative from such defects, the unit will be repaired or replaced at UEi’s option. This warranty covers normal use and does not cover damage which occurs in shipment or failure which results from alteration, tampering, accident, misuse, abuse, neglect or improper maintenance. Batteries and consequential damage resulting from failed batteries are not covered by warranty.

Any implied warranties, including but not limited to implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, are limited to the express warranty. UEi shall not be liable for loss of use of the instrument or other incidental or consequential damages, expenses, or economic loss, or for any claim or claims for such damage, expenses or economic loss.
A purchase receipt or other proof of original purchase date will be required before warranty repairs will be rendered. Instruments out of warranty will be repaired (when repairable) for a service charge

For more information on warranty and service, contact:
www.ueitest.com
Email: [email protected]
1-800-547-5740

This warranty gives you specific legal rights. You may also have other rights, which vary from state to state.

Copyright © 2019 Kane USA Inc. All Rights Reserved. 201992 1019

References

• Kane USA
• Kane USA
• About Our Service | Kane USA

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