TSI 4140 General Purpose Thermal Mass Flowmeter User Manual
- June 5, 2024
- tsi
Table of Contents
- TSI 4140 General Purpose Thermal Mass Flowmeter
- Unpacking and Parts Identification
- Setting-Up
- Operation
- Maintenance
- Troubleshooting
- Specifications
- Standard Flow Rate vs. Volumetric Flow Rate
- Optimal Use of the 4000/4100 Series Analog Out Capability
- References
- Read User Manual Online (PDF format)
- Download This Manual (PDF format)
TSI 4140 General Purpose Thermal Mass Flowmeter
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Copyright
TSI Incorporated / 2003-2022 / All rights reserved.
Address
TSI Incorporated, 500 Cardigan Road, Shoreview, MN 55126 USA
WARNING
TSI® Incorporated flow meters employ a heated platinum sensor. They should not
be used with flammable or explosive gasses or mixtures.
CAUTION
TSI® Incorporated flow meters are not medical devices under FDA 510k and in
no situation should they be utilized for human respiration measurements.
LIMITATION OF WARRANTY AND LIABILITY
(effective February 2015) (For country-specific terms and conditions
outside of the USA, please visit www.tsi.com.)
Seller warrants the goods, excluding software, sold hereunder, under normal use and service as described in the operator’s manual, to be free from defects in workmanship and material for 12 months, or if less, the length of time specified in the operator’s manual, from the date of shipment to the customer. This warranty period is inclusive of any statutory warranty. This limited warranty is subject to the following exclusions and exceptions:
- Hot-wire or hot-film sensors used with research anemometers, and certain other components when indicated in specifications, are warranted for 90 days from the date of shipment;
- Pumps are warranted for hours of operation as set forth in product or operator’s manuals;
- Parts repaired or replaced as a result of repair services are warranted to be free from defects in workmanship and material, under normal use, for 90 days from the date of shipment;
- Seller does not provide any warranty on finished goods manufactured by others or on any fuses, batteries or other consumable materials. Only the original manufacturer’s warranty applies;
- This warranty does not cover calibration requirements, and seller warrants only that the instrument or product is properly calibrated at the time of its manufacture. Instruments returned for calibration are not covered by this warranty;
- This warranty is VOID if the instrument is opened by anyone other than a factory authorized service center with the one exception where requirements set forth in the manual allow an operator to replace consumables or perform recommended cleaning;
- This warranty is VOID if the product has been misused, neglected, subjected to accidental or intentional damage, or is not properly installed, maintained, or cleaned according to the requirements of the manual. Unless specifically authorized in a separate writing by Seller, Seller makes no warranty with respect to, and shall have no liability in connection with, goods which are incorporated into other products or equipment, or which are modified by any person other than Seller.
The foregoing is IN LIEU OF all other warranties and is subject to the LIMITATIONS stated herein. NO OTHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY OF FITNESS FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR MERCHANTABILITY IS MADE. WITH RESPECT TO SELLER’S BREACH OF THE IMPLIED WARRANTY AGAINST INFRINGEMENT, SAID WARRANTY IS LIMITED TO CLAIMS OF DIRECT INFRINGEMENT AND EXCLUDES CLAIMS OF CONTRIBUTORY OR INDUCED INFRINGEMENTS. BUYER’S EXCLUSIVE REMEDY SHALL BE THE RETURN OF THE PURCHASE PRICE DISCOUNTED FOR REASONABLE WEAR AND TEAR OR AT SELLER’S OPTION REPLACEMENT OF THE GOODS WITH NON-INFRINGING GOODS. TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, THE EXCLUSIVE REMEDY OF THE USER OR BUYER, AND THE LIMIT OF SELLER’S LIABILITY FOR ANY AND ALL LOSSES, INJURIES, OR DAMAGES CONCERNING THE GOODS (INCLUDING CLAIMS BASED ON CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE, TORT, STRICT LIABILITY OR OTHERWISE) SHALL BE THE RETURN OF GOODS TO SELLER AND THE REFUND OF THE PURCHASE PRICE, OR, AT THE OPTION OF SELLER, THE REPAIR OR REPLACEMENT OF THE GOODS. IN THE CASE OF SOFTWARE, SELLER WILL REPAIR OR REPLACE DEFECTIVE SOFTWARE OR IF UNABLE TO DO SO, WILL REFUND THE PURCHASE PRICE OF THE SOFTWARE. IN NO EVENT SHALL SELLER BE LIABLE FOR LOST PROFITS, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, OR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES. SELLER SHALL NOT BE RESPONSIBLE FOR INSTALLATION, DISMANTLING OR REINSTALLATION COSTS OR CHARGES.
No Action, regardless of form, may be brought against Seller more than 12
months after a cause of action has accrued. The goods returned under warranty
to Seller’s factory shall be at Buyer’s risk of loss, and will be returned, if
at all, at Seller’s risk of loss. Buyer and all users are deemed to have
accepted this LIMITATION OF WARRANTY AND LIABILITY, which contains the
complete and exclusive limited warranty of Seller. This LIMITATION OF WARRANTY
AND LIABILITY may not be amended, modified or its terms waived, except by
writing signed by an Officer of Seller.
Service Policy
Knowing that inoperative or defective instruments are as detrimental to TSI
attention to any problems. If any malfunction is discovered, please contact
your nearest sales office or representative, or call TSI’s Customer Service
department at 800-680-1220 (USA) or
(001 651) 490-2860 (International) or visit www.tsi.com.
Trademarks
TSI and the TSI logo are registered trademarks of TSI Incorporated in the
United States and may be protected under other country’s trademark
registrations. HyperTerminal is a registered trademark of Hilgraeve,
Incorporated. Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation.
Unpacking and Parts Identification
Carefully unpack the instrument and accessories from the shipping container. Check the individual parts against the list of components in Table 1. If any parts are missing or damaged, notify TSI® Incorporated (TSI®) immediately.
Qty
|
Item Description
| Part/ Model
---|---|---
1| Mass Flow meter, 0.25 inch inlet/outlet (Air, Oxygen, Nitrogen)
Mass Flow meter, 0.25 inch inlet/outlet
(Air, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Nitrous Oxide)* Mass Flow meter, 0.375 inch inlet/outlet
(Air, Oxygen, Nitrogen)
Mass Flow meter, 0.375 inch inlet/outlet (Air, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Nitrous Oxide)*
| 4140
41403
4143
41433
1| Filter
Model 4140: 60 mm ULPA filter with 0.25 inch barbed fittings
Model 4143: 63 mm HEPA filter with 0.375 inch
barbed fittings
|
1602317
1602342
1| AC Adapter
100 to 240 V, N. America NEMA 5-15 plug, grounded 100 to 240 V, Europlug, CEE 7/16, grounded
100 to 240 V, Great Britain, grounded, fused
100 to 240 V, Australia/NZ
|
8918-NA
8918-EC
8918-GB
8918-AT
1| Operation and Service Manual for Model 4140/4143| 1980383
1| RS232 Serial Command Set Manual, 4000/4100| 1980340
Other than the specifications in Appendix A, all references to 4140 and 4143in this manual apply to the 41403 and 41433, respectively.
Item Description | Part/Model |
---|---|
Computer Cable, mini-DIN to 9-pin RS-232 | 1303583 |
Analog Cable, mini-DIN to cable with tinned wires | 1303584 |
Carrying Case for Model 4140/4143 | 1319201 |
Parts Identification
- On/Off Switch
- Display
- Mounting Inserts (2)
- DC Power Input
- Flow Inlet
- Computer Serial Interface, Analog Output, and Optional Power Input Connection
Setting-Up
Supplying Power
The flow meter can be powered in one of two ways: through the power jack using
the supplied AC adapter or through the mini-DIN connector. The DC power input
connector is shown below along with the power requirements. Power Supply: 7.5
VDC ± 1.5 V, 300 mA maximum
When supplying power through the optional TSI® interface cable, line up the arrow on the connector with the bottom side of the flow meter. Flow meter connector pin-out designations are shown below.
Connector Pin-out and Color Code for TSI® Cable PN 1303584
PIN
|
Function
| Cable Color Code
---|---|---
1| Power Input (+)| Black
2| Power Ground (-)| Green
3| Analog Output (+)| Red
4| Analog Ground (-)| Brown
5| (no connection)| Blue
6| RS232 Receive (in)| White
7| RS232 Transmit (out)| Yellow
8| Logic Ground| Gray
Connecting Filter and Flow Tubes
The Model 4140/4143 has a thermal sensor exposed to the gas flow that must be
protected from foreign matter and particles. TSI® supplies a filter that
should be connected to the inlet of the flow meter, however, any filter will
work as long as it has a minimum efficiency of 99.9%.
CAUTION
Always use a filter on the inlet of the flow meter. Failure to filter the gas
flow may change the calibration and/or permanently damage the sensor.
NOTICE
Flow direction is identified by the large arrow printed on the bottom side of
the flow meter.
After attaching the filter connect the flow tube to the inlet of the filter. Connecting a tube to the outlet of the flow meter will create back pressure. See Appendix A for flow meter accuracy specifications when operating at various pressures. In general, minimize back pressure on the flow meter to maintain higher accuracy.
RS232 Configuration and Operation
Many flow meter operating parameters can be easily configured through the
RS232 serial port. Likewise, the flow rate, temperature, pressure, and volume
can be read through the serial port. Refer to the Series 4000/4100 RS232
Serial Command Set manual for a detailed description of the commands and
command syntax.
RS232 Settings:
- Baud Rate …….. 38.4 k
- Data Bits ………. 8
- Parity ……………. None
- Stop Bits ………. 1
- Flow Control ….. None
Changeable Operating Parameters
Function | Command |
---|---|
Select Gas Calibration air, O2, N2, or N2O (if available) | SGn |
Select Standard or Volumetric Flow Measurement | SUn |
LCD Display Update Rate (controls averaging) | SURnnnn |
Select Measurement Display Scroll Mode | SDMFTPn |
Select Measurement Displayed on LCD Display | SDMm |
Select Measurement Units on LCD Display | SDUn |
Select Data Update Rate for Analog Output | SSRnnnn |
Set Analog Output Full-Scale Flow Rate Value | SASnnn |
Set Analog Output Zero Value | SAZnnn |
Configuration Software
TSI® has several software utilities to help you communicate with your flow
meter to change parameters and to obtain flow data. You can download the
latest versions of these at no charge from our website: https://tsi.com
- If you only want to change one or more of the operating parameters shown in Table 4 (above), the easiest way is to use the software utility called “TSI setup.” This uses convenient dropdown menus to help change these parameters. After you have made your changes, be sure to click on “Send” to store the changes in the flow meter’s memory.
- If you want to communicate directly with the flow meter using the basic RS232 commands shown in the Serial Command Set Manual, you can use a terminal program. HyperTerminal® program is a common terminal program that is included with most versions of the Microsoft® operating system. Setting up HyperTerminal® program to communicate with your flow meter can sometimes be confusing. You can download a document from our web site that helps you configure HyperTerminal®. Download the document called “Using HyperTerminal to communicate with TSI Flow meters.”
- If you plan to develop a more sophisticated program for data collection and control using LabVIEW™ program can download a demonstration program called “Real-time Demo Program” and the source code “Source Code for Real-time Demo Program.” This program is intended to be a basic demonstration program and not a practical laboratory tool. It does, however, have a convenient implementation of the VOLUME measurement function that can be useful for basic tests.
Operation
CAUTION
TSI® flow meters ARE NOT medical devices under FDA 510k and in no situation
should they be utilized for human respiration measurements.
Overview
The Model 4140/4143 flow meter measures mass flow rate, temperature and
absolute pressure of the gas inside the flow tube. All measurements made by
the Models 4140/4143 are NIST traceable.
ON/OFF Switch
Slide the switch to the ON position. The power switch is marked in the
international symbols ‘|’ for on and ‘O’ for off.
Warm-up Time
The flow meter will provide readings immediately upon power-up. Recommended
warm-up time of the flow meter is 5 minutes.
Flow Rate Measurement
Flow rate data can be obtained from the Model 4140/4143 through the LCD
display, RS232 serial port, or the linearized analog output. The analog output
is a 0 to 10 volt DC linear signal representing 0 to 20 Std L/min. The analog
output scaling is user selectable. Refer to the Series 4000/4100 RS232 Serial
Command Set manual for instructions on how to obtain flow data through the
serial port.
Gas calibrations (air, 100% O2, 100% N2 or 100% N2O) can be selected through
the RS232 serial port. Refer to the Series 4000/4100 RS232 Serial Command Set
manual. The LCD display will indicate the calibration being utilized: air, O2,
N2, or N2O. Flow can be displayed in units of standard liters per minute (Std
L/min*) or in volumetric units of liters per minute (L/min). Refer to Appendix
B for a description of the two measurements. Selecting between the two
measurements is accomplished through the serial port. Refer to the Series
4000/4100 RS232 Serial Command Set manual for instructions on how to select
between flow units. The Model 4140/4143 has an independent temperature sensor
in the flow tube to measure the gas temperature. The temperature sensor is
used for temperature compensation of flow rate and for converting flow from
standard to volumetric units. Temperature can also be displayed on the LCD and
is available through the RS232 serial port in the units of degrees Celsius
(°C).
NOTICE
At low flow rates, the temperature inside of the flow tube will increase
because of the heat generated by the thermal flow sensor. This effect is
normal and the temperature of the incoming gas will be measured once flow
resumes.
Pressure Measurement
The Models 4140/4143 measure absolute pressure near the outlet of the flow
meter in the SI units of kilo-Pascals (kPa). Pressure measurements are
required when converting from standard to volumetric flow. Absolute pressure
can be displayed on the LCD and is available through the RS232 serial port.
Select Measurement Displayed
By using RS232 commands the LCD display can be set up to continuously display
either flow rate, temperature, or pressure. See the SDMm command in the Series
4000/4100 Serial Command Set manual.
Display “Scroll” Mode
By using RS232 commands the LCD display can be set up to continuously scroll
between flow rate, temperature, and pressure. The scroll rate is adjustable
and the user can specify the parameters to be displayed. See the SDMFTPn
command in the Series 4000/4100 Serial Command Set manual.
Volume Measurement
These flow meters measure total volume by integrating flow over time. This is
a calculated measurement performed by the flow meter and is only available
using the RS232 serial port. Volume is not displayed on the LCD display. Refer
to the Series 4000/4100 RS232 Serial Command Set manual for instructions on
using the volume function.
Maintenance
Flow Sensor
Periodically inspect the flow sensor by looking into the outlet of the flow
meter. Remove dust, particles and fibers from the sensor with clean, dry
compressed air. The flow sensor will break if touched. Never run liquids
through the flow meter and never touch the sensor with a brush. Dust or other
deposits on the flow sensor will degrade the 4140/4143 flow meter’s flow
accuracy.
CAUTION
The flow meter must be switched off for cleaning. Only use clean, dry,
compressed air when attempting to remove contamination from the sensor.
Re-certification
To maintain a high degree of confidence in the measurements made by the Model
4140/4143, TSI® recommends that the instrument be returned to TSI® every 12
months for re-certification. The flow meter will be recalibrated and returned
with a certificate of calibration to US National Institute of Standards
Technology (NIST) traceable standards. This “annual checkup” assures you of
consistently accurate readings; it is especially important in applications
where strict calibration records must be maintained.
Cases
If the instrument case or storage case needs cleaning, wipe it off with a soft
cloth dipped in isopropyl alcohol or mild detergent. NEVER submerge the flow
meter or allow liquids to enter the flow tube.
Storage
When storing the flow meter, always cover the ends of flow tubes with the caps
provided to prevent dust or other foreign matter from entering the tube.
Troubleshooting
Table 5 lists the symptoms, possible causes, and recommended solutions for common problems encountered with Series 4100 flow meters. If the symptom is not listed, or if none of the solutions solves the problem, please contact TSI® Customer Support at 1-800-680-1220 or 651-490-2860.
Symptom | Possible Causes | Corrective Action |
---|---|---|
No display. | Unit not switched on. | Switch on the unit. |
No power to instrument. | Plug in AC adapter or check power source on mini- |
DIN connector.
Temperature reads high at low or zero flows.| Temperature sensor is being
heated from the flow sensor.| The temperature value will track the actual gas
temperature once the flow rate through the flow meter exceeds 1 Std L/min.
Flow readings fluctuate greatly.| The flow is fluctuating.| Improve inlet
conditions or increase display averaging time.
Display shows flows over-range with no flow passing through flow tube.| The
sensor may be damaged or broken.| Return flow meter to TSI® for service.
Specifications
Flow Measurement
Measurement Range …….
Accuracy
Air and 100% O2 …………….
| 0.01 to 20 Std L/min.
2% of reading or .005 Std L/min, whichever is greater.
3% of reading or .010 Std L/min, whichever is greater, see note 1 below.
3% of reading or .010 Std L/min, whichever is greater, see note 1 below.
Accuracy stated at standard conditions (21.1°C and 101.3 kPa)
See notes 2 through 6 below.
0.001 Std L/min between 0.01 and 9 Std L/min
0.01 Std L/min between 9 and 20 Std L/min
Less than 4 msec, 63% of final value at full scale flow
100% N2 ………………….
100% N2O ……………….
(41403 and 41433 only)
Resolution (Display)………
Response…………………….
Temperature Measurement
Measurement Range …….| 0 to 50°C
Accuracy ……………………..| ±1°C, at flows greater than 1 L/min. See note
3 below.
Resolution (Display)………| 0.1°C
Response…………………….| Less than 75 msec, 63% of final value for 20°C step change
in temperature at full scale flow
Static Pressure Measurement (Measured inside flow tube near the exit)
Measurement Range …….
Accuracy ……………………..
Resolution (Display)………
Response…………………….
Over Pressure………………
| 50 to 199 kPa Absolute
±1 kPa, See notes 8 and 9 below.
0.1 kPa
Less than 4 msec.
63% of final value for 30 kPa step change 620 kPa
Burst Pressure
Tested to 690 kPa without rupture. DO NOT exceed 690 kPa.
Pressure Drop
See chart.
Volume
Measurement Range …….
Accuracy
Air and 100% O2 ………
100% N2 ………………….
100% N2O ……………….
(41403 and 41433 only)
| 0.001 to 99.99 Liters
2% of Reading at flows greater than
2.5 Std L/min
3% of Reading at flows greater than
2.5 Std L/min
3% of Reading at flows greater than
2.5 Std L/min
See notes 2 through 6 below.
Instrument Temp. Range
Operation, Ambient………
Storage, Ambient…………
| 0 to 50°C
-20 to 60°C
Gas Calibrations
Air, O2, N2, N2O (41403 and 41433 only), User selectable through serial port
Physical Dimensions
External Dimensions…….
Tube Adapters …………….
(Inlet & Outlet)
Weight ……………………….
Flow Body Material ………
Mounting Threads………..
| See diagram
Model 4140/41403: 0.25 inch O.D. straight Model 4143/41433: 0.375 inch O.D. straight 86 grams
Polycarbonate
6-32, 0.25 in. (6 mm)
Computer Interface
Connector …………………..
Type ………………………….
Baud Rate ………………….
Data Bits …………………….
Parity …………………………
Stop Bits …………………….
Flow Control ……………….
| 8 pin mini-DIN RS232 Serial 38,400
8
None 1
None
Analog Output (Flow Only)
Range………………………..
Resolution ………………….
Maximum Current ………..
Flow Accuracy …………….
| 0 to 10 V
13 bit
5 ma
See note 7 below.
Power
AC adapter or power supplied through mini-DIN
7.5 VDC ± 1.5 V, 300 mA maximum
NOTES:
- Nitrogen and Air/O2 gas mixtures are corrections from the Air calibration.
- Accuracy stated at standard conditions of 21.1°C and 101.3 kPa.
- Add an additional 0.0003 Std L/min or 0.075% of reading, whichever is greater, per 1°C away from standard conditions when operating within the range of 0°C to 50°C.
- Add an additional 0.015% of reading per 1 kPa above 101.3 kPa or
- Add an additional 0.022% of reading per 1 kPa below 101.3 kPa when operating within the pressure range of 70 kPa to 101.3 kPa.
- Accuracy stated with gas temperature and flow body temperature within ±10°C of one another.
- Accuracy stated measuring dry gas (less than 10% R.H.).
- Includes ±0.5% of reading repeatability.
- Volumetric flow rate is calculated from the mass flow measurement. Add an additional 0.25% of reading to the flow accuracy to account for the uncertainty in measuring gas temperature and pressure.
- For analog output, accuracy offset increases from 0.005 to .02 Std L/min. To achieve accuracy, analog zero needs to be changed from factory defaults to be 0.020V or higher. See Appendix C.
- Add uncertainty of 0.2 kPa for every 10°C away from 21.1°C.
- Radiated immunity events can shift absolute pressure reading up to 40%.
Standard Flow Rate vs. Volumetric Flow Rate
Since thermal flow sensors are sensitive to changes in air density and air velocity, all thermal flow meters indicate flow rates with reference to a set of standard conditions. For TSI® instruments, standard conditions are defined as 21.1° C (70° F) and 101.3 kPa (14.7 psia). Other manufacturers may use different values. Standard flow rate is the flow rate the air would be moving if the temperature and pressure were at standard conditions. It is usually the most useful measure of airflow because it defines the heatcarrying capacity of the air. Volumetric flow rate is the true volume flow of the gas exiting the flow meter. In some instances, volumetric flow rate rather than standard flow rate may be of interest. To display volumetric flow rate, the Model 4140/4143 will multiply the standard flow measurement by the following density correction factor:
Where Tm = Gas temperature measured in flow tube in units of degrees Celsius Pm = Absolute pressure measured in flow tube in units of kPa To demonstrate the difference in output, consider the following. Measured flow displays 10 Std L/min at 15C and 117kPa. The volumetric flow as calculated by the Model 4140/4143 would be as follows.
Optimal Use of the 4000/4100 Series Analog Out Capability
Introduction
TSI® Incorporated’s 4000/4100 series flow meters have a feature that allows
you to determine the flow rate based on a 0-10 Volt Analog out signal. This
feature has programmable options that can improve its use accuracy.
Function of the Analog Out Feature
The 4000/4100 series meter has an analog out circuit that outputs a voltage
signal that is linearly proportional to the flow measurement displayed on the
front screen. The voltage signal has a 0-10 volt range. This output is
configurable so the user can change the voltage output at zero flow and at the
span flow.
The factory defaults for the analog out are as follows:
- 0 volts at zero flow
- 10 volts at span flow (300 SLPM for 4000 Series meters, 20 SLPM for 4100 Series meters)
The graph below shows the factor default relationship. This relationship results in an easy conversion from voltage to flow.
Considerations When Needing to Read Zero and Low Flow Accurately
If the application requires accurate flow measurement at or near zero flows
then it is recommended that the zero flow voltage be changed from its factory
default of 0 volts to 100 mV. This is due to a slight offset of the ground
voltage that could be interpreted as a low-level flow. By setting 100 mV (0.1
V) to be the zero-flow voltage, this gets out of the region around 0 volts
(ground) where the slight offset can shift the reading. The graphic below
shows the change in zero voltage to move out of the ground region.
NOTICE
The conversion equation changes if the zero is change to 100 mV.
Considerations for Setting the Span Flow Voltage
If the application does not require the flow meter to read up to its span flow
then it is recommended that the analog span be set to the maximum limit that
is required by the application. This will make for a better voltage to flow
conversion due to more resolution per change in measured flow. The graphic
compares examples with a span flow set to 300 SLPM (factory default for 4000
Series meters) and a 150 SLPM example. For the factor default settings, each 1
SLPM change in flow will cause a 0.0333 change in voltage. If the application
allows for the setting of 150 SLPM span, then for each 1 SLPM change in flow
will cause a 0.0666 change in voltage. This will allow the voltage measurement
device employed by the customer to be less precise.
Process for Changing the Analog Zero and Span
The TSI® setup program, provided free of charge, makes changing the analog
zero and span easy. The graphic below shows where to enter the analog zero and
span in the TSI® setup program.
Reference the instrument manual for more details on how to use the TSI® setup Optimal Use of the 4000/4100 Series Analog Out Capability
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References
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