Sonel PQM-700 Analysis 4 Computer Software User Manual

PQM-700 Analysis 4 Computer Software

USER MANUAL
SONEL ANALYSIS 4
computer software
Applies to instruments: PQM-700 PQM-701(Z, Zr) PQM-702(A, T) PQM-703 PQM-707 PQM-710 PQM-711
MPI-540 MPI-540-PV
SONEL S.A. Wokulskiego 11 58-100 widnica
Poland
Version 4.6.0.2 29.06.2023

Sonel Analysis 4 User Manual
Note: Due to continuous development of our software, the actual appearance of some screens may slightly differ from that presented in this operating
manual. This manual describes the software and devices in the following versions: Sonel Analysis ­ v4.6.0 PQM-700 ­ v1.16 PQM-701Z/Zr ­ v1.18 PQM-702, PQM-703, PQM-710, PQM-711 ­ v1.50 PQM-707 ­ v1.22 MPI-540, MPI-540-PV ­ v2.81.02
Note: The latest version of the software may be downloaded from the
manufacturer’s website. Note:
Detailed information about the analyzer functions may be found in the operating manuals of specific analyzers.
The icon with the analyzer name (here: PQM-700) is placed next to sections of the text that refer to specific features of the analyzer, particularly to availability/unavailability of a given program function.
2

1 Installing and starting the program
TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 Installing and starting the program…………………………………………………..5

1.1 Minimum hardware requirements………………………………………………………………5 1.2 Installation of the program………………………………………………………………………..5 1.3 Starting the program ……………………………………………………………………………….8

2 Getting started……………………………………………………………………………… 10

2.1 Connecting with the analyzer …………………………………………………………………. 10 2.2 Startup window……………………………………………………………………………………..14

2.3

Recording settings wizard ……….. 15

3 Recording Settings ………………………………………………………………………. 19

3.1 General settings …………………………………………………………………………………… 21 3.2 Measurement configuration…………………………………………………………………….22
3.2.1 Main Settings……………………………………………………………………………………………… 23 3.2.1.1 BASIC Tab …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 23 3.2.1.2 ADDITIONAL tab………………………………………………………………………………………. 25
3.2.2 Recording settings according to EN 50160 or other standard……………………………… 28 3.2.3 Recording settings according to user settings ………………………………………………….. 31 3.2.4 VOLTAGE card……………………………………………………………………………………………… 32
3.2.4.1 BASIC Tab …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 32 3.2.4.2 ADDITIONAL tab………………………………………………………………………………………. 36 3.2.5 CURRENT …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 37 3.2.6 POWER AND ENERGY………………………………………………………………………………………. 38 3.2.6.1 POWER tab ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 38 3.2.6.2 ADDITIONAL tab………………………………………………………………………………………. 40 3.2.6.3 ENERGY tab……………………………………………………………………………………………. 40 3.2.7 HARMONICS ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 41 3.2.7.1 VOLTAGE tab …………………………………………………………………………………………. 41 3.2.7.2 CURRENT tab ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 43 3.2.7.3 ADDITIONAL tab………………………………………………………………………………………. 43 3.2.8 INTERHARMONICS ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 44 3.2.8.1 VOLTAGE tab …………………………………………………………………………………………. 44 3.2.8.2 CURRENT tab ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 46 3.2.8.3 MAINS SIGNALLING tab ……………………………………………………………………………… 47 3.2.9 Default configuration profiles…………………………………………………………………………. 48 3.3 Auto-probes support………………………………………………………………………………49

4 Analyzer Settings …………………………………………………………………………. 50

4.1 TIME AND SECURITY card …………………………………………………………………………….50 4.2 PROBES PHASE card………………………………………………………………………………….51 4.3 WIRELESS CONNECTION card……………………………………………………………………….52 4.4 SERIAL CONNECTION card…………………………………………………………………………..54 4.5 Additional settings card …………………………………………………………………………. 54

5 Analyzer database………………………………………………………………………… 56

5.1 GSM connection settings ……………………………………………………………………….58

5.2

Wi-Fi settings ……………………………………………………………….. 59

5.2.1 Configuring Wi-Fi in the Access Point mode. …………………………………………………… 60

5.2.2 Configuring Wi-Fi in Client mode……………………………………………………………………. 60

6 Live mode ……………………………………………………………………………………. 63

3

Sonel Analysis 4 User Manual

6.1 Waveforms …………………………………………………………………………………………..63 6.1.1 Synchronization of waveforms in LIVE mode …………………………………………………… 65
6.2 Timeplots…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 66 6.3 Measurements …………………………………………………………………………………….. 67
6.3.1 Energy costs calculator………………………………………………………………………………… 68 6.4 Phasor diagrams ………………………………………………………………………………….. 69 6.5 Harmonics …………………………………………………………………………………………… 70 6.6 Interharmonics …………………………………………………………………………………….. 72

7 Data Analysis……………………………………………………………………………….. 74

7.1 Reading data from the analyzer ………………………………………………………………74

7.1.1

Reading data from MPI-540, MPI-540-PV and PQM-

707 devices ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 75

7.2

Reading data directly from the

memory card ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 77

7.3 Selecting the time interval for analysis …………………………………………………….. 78

7.4 Analyzing obtained data ………………………………………………………………………… 80

7.4.1 GENERAL view ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 80

7.4.2 MEASUREMENTS view……………………………………………………………………………………… 81

7.4.2.1 Time plot ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 84

7.4.2.2 Harmonics/interharmonics graph ……………………………………………………………… 86

7.4.2.3 Cyclic waveform plot………………………………………………………………………………. 87

7.4.2.4 User report …………………………………………………………………………………………… 87

7.4.2.5 Generate report on compliance with standard…………………………………………….. 88

7.4.2.6 Report according to EN 50160 Standard – description …………………………………. 91

7.4.2.7 Report according to standard (recommendation) – micro-installations …………….. 97

7.4.2.8 Summary report…………………………………………………………………………………… 102

7.4.3 Events …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 103

7.4.3.1 Value/duration graph ……………………………………………………………………………. 105

7.4.3.2 ANSI/CBEMA graph …………………………………………………………………………….. 106

7.4.3.3 Waveform/RMS1/2 graph ……………………………………………………………………….. 107 7.4.3.4 Event Report ………………………………………………………………………………………. 108

7.4.4 CONFIGURATION view ………………………………………………………………………………….. 108

7.4.5 Energy cost report …………………………………………………………………………………….. 109

7.4.5.1 Types of tariffs …………………………………………………………………………………….. 109 7.4.5.2 Energy cost report ­ description …………………………………………………………….. 109

7.4.6 Data export ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 111

8 Other program options ……………………………………………………………….. 112

8.1 Analyzer status, starting and stopping recording………………………………………112 8.2 Deleting data ……………………………………………………………………………………… 113 8.3 Program configuration …………………………………………………………………………. 114
8.3.1 Main Settings……………………………………………………………………………………………. 114 8.3.2 Recording configuration ……………………………………………………………………………… 115 8.3.3 Live mode ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 120 8.3.4 Color settings……………………………………………………………………………………………. 120 8.3.5 Data analysis ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 121 8.3.6 Report settings …………………………………………………………………………………………. 122 8.3.7 Media settings ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 123 8.4 Upgrading software and firmware …………………………………………………………. 126 8.4.1 Automatic software update………………………………………………………………………….. 126

9 Manufacturer ……………………………………………………………………………… 127

4

1 Installing and starting the program

1 Installing and starting the program
“Sonel Analysis 4” is an application required to work with instruments of PQM- 7XX and MPI-540 series. It enables the user to: configure the analyzer, read data from the device, real-time preview of the mains, delete data in the analyzer, present data in the tabular form, present data in the form of graphs, analyze data for compliance with EN 50160 standard (reports) and other user-defined reference
conditions, independent operation of multiple devices, upgrade the software and the device firmware to newer versions.
It is possible to simultaneously run multiple instances of Sonel Analysis.

1.1 Minimum hardware requirements
Table 1 presents the minimum and recommended configuration of a PC running “Sonel Analysis 4” software.
Table 1. Minimum and recommended PC configuration.

Configuration
Processor RAM
Free space on hard disk
Graphics card
USB Internet access (for automatic
updates) Operating system

Minimum

Recommended

1.5 GHz
1 GB
200 MB 32 MB, min. resolution 1366×768

2.4 GHz
4 GB
16 GB 128 MB min. resolution 1920×1080

Windows 7, Windows 8 (8.1), Windows 10

1.2 Installation of the program

Note In order to facilitate installing drivers for the analyzer, it is recommended to install “Sonel Analysis 4” software (including drivers as described in the following instructions) before connecting
a USB cable.

To start the installation of “Sonel Analysis 4” software, run the installation file included in the set or downloaded from the manufacturer’s website.

5

Sonel Analysis 4 User Manual
Fig. 1. Installer – the initial screen. The screen will be displayed as shown in Fig. 1. After clicking “Next>” button read the software license agreement and click “I agree”. Then you see the history of revisions. In the next screen (Fig. 2) indicate whether the application is to be installed for all users or just for the one currently loggedin. The next screen allows you to select installation components (Fig. 3). It is worth paying attention to the Automatic Start function – thanks to it Sonel Analysis will start automatically after starting the computer. The following two screens indicate the location of the installation and location of the application with the program name, which will be visible in the Start menu. To begin the installation, press “Install”.
Fig. 2. Installer ­ selection of users.
6

1 Installing and starting the program
Fig. 3. Installer ­ choosing components. At the end of the software installation, the window shown in Fig. 4 will be displayed. When box “Launch Sonel Analysis 4.x.x” is ticked, then after pressing “Finish” button, the application will be launched.
Fig. 4. Finishing the installation. At this point, the analyzer may be connected to a PC. The system should automatically recognize the connected device. If the installation was successful, the computer is ready to cooperate with the analyzer.
7

Sonel Analysis 4 User Manual
1.3 Starting the program
When the program starts, the main window appears as shown in Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. The main screen. On the left side, the toolbar is displayed with the program functions most commonly used. The toolbar may be moved by ‘gripping’ the dots at its top. The individual icons have the following meanings: STARTUP WINDOW ­ the window which groups the most frequently used operations (recording
settings, data preview, reading data from the disk or analyzer). Description in sec. 2.2. OPEN ­ depending on the context, it enables the user to load from the disk: the analyzer
configuration (files .settings), saved analysis (files .analysis), or saved recording (files *.pqm7XX), SAVE ­ depending on the context, it enables the user to save the analyzer configuration on the disk (while editing the configuration), save raw data or present analysis files (during the analysis), RECORDING SETTINGS ­ measurement configuration module of the analyzer (Sec. 3), LIVE MODE ­ the mode of reading current, real-time values of mains (Sec. 6), ANALYSIS ­ the module for data analysis directly from the analyzer or from the memory card (Sec. 7), CONTROL ­ window for controlling recording and changing the active measurement configuration (Sec. 8.1), ANALYZER DATABASE ­ module for managing analyzers cooperating with Sonel Analysis (Sec.5), PROGRAM SETTINGS ­ module for configuring options of Sonel Analysis (Sec.8.3) , DISCONNECT ­ ends the communication session with the analyzer.
8

1 Installing and starting the program Extensions of the files created by Sonel Analysis software are as follows: .settings ­ measurement configuration files of the analyzer, .config ­ Sonel Analysis configuration files, .pqm7XX ­ recorded data files (source format of the analyzer), .analysis ­ analysis files.
The user may select commands from the top menu, by clicking icons with the mouse, or by using keyboard shortcuts (they are valid in the whole program): F2 ­ startup window, F3 ­ analyzer database, F4 ­ analyzer settings (including time and security), F5 ­ recording settings, F6 ­ Live mode – reading real- time values, F7 ­ Control window, F8 ­ data analysis, F9 ­ Sonel Analysis settings, CTRL+S ­ saves the analysis on the disk or saves a screenshot in the live mode, CTRL+O ­ opening of a file stored on disk.
There are many other keyboard shortcuts. Most of them are visible in the menu next to the name of an item.
Tip The user may select commands using a mouse / keyboard (standard operation similar to Windows, ENTER – select option, ESC – Cancel, TAB
– move to the next button, etc.).
9

Sonel Analysis 4 User Manual
2 Getting started
2.1 Connecting with the analyzer
Before sending any data to/ from the analyzer, the application must establish a connection with the device. The connection screen is displayed automatically when the user wants to perform an operation that requires such a connection, and the analyzer is not currently connected. A first-time user may start from the Startup screen (described in sec. 2.2). When using it, the connection with the analyzer is established when it is required.
In order to establish the connection with the analyzer: select any option that requires an active connection e.g. LIVE MODE, ANALYSIS or CONTROL, use ANALYZER DATABASE and connect to the indicated analyzer by selecting it from the list, then
use the CONNECT SELECTED option.
After choosing one of the above options (when no previous connection was established), the program displays window CONNECTION and starts scanning in the search for available analyzers (see Fig. 6). The analyzers are searched via cable (USB) and using wireless connections (when OR-1 is connected to a PC and when a given analyzer offers this function). The user may also activate the option in the program settings of searching analyzers connected via GSM (applies to analyzers with built-in GSM modem) after enabling option TCP/IP OVER GSM in program configuration. Analyzers operating with Wi-Fi may be found after they are correctly configured (see sec. 5 and the manual of the analyzer) and after selecting option WIFI in section ACTIVE MEDIA.
After a successful scan, the list of detected analyzers appears on the screen. Analyzers are displayed with their model, serial number and the type of communication link. Clicking on the selected analyzer and pressing SELECT icon approves the analyzer selected from the list. The analyzer may be also selected by double clicking on its field. Pressing SEARCH AGAIN restarts scanning in the search for the analyzers.
It should be noted that the first listed option search for all analyzers listed in the analyzer database and those directly connected with a USB cable, which extends the search process. At the other hand, the second option (connecting to the analyzer indicated in the database) is trying to find just the indicated analyzer, which significantly shortens the connection process, when the analyzer database is extensive. Particularly large delay is related to the search of analyzers via the GSM network.
After selecting the analyzer, the program asks the user to enter PIN code, which protects it against unauthorized access. It consists of three digits (0…9). By default PIN is set in the factory at 000.
Note When wrong PIN is entered three times in a row, data transmission is
blocked for 10 minutes.
PQM-707 does not require a PIN code when connecting.
10

2 Getting started
Fig. 6. Analyzer selection window.
Notes Detecting an analyzer via OR-1 wireless module, Wi-Fi or GSM is possible
only when the unique serial number of this analyzer was earlier entered into the analyzer database (doesn’t apply to PQM-707). Basing on this number, the software filters other analyzers (e.g. those within the range of radio interface) which are not owned by the owner of a given software copy. The serial number may be entered into the database manually (section 5) or after connecting the analyzer via USB, entering correct PIN code and selecting STORE PIN IN DATABASE option (see Fig. 7). Then the analyzer is added to the database of the analyzers (doesn’t apply to PQM-707). If the STORE PIN IN DATABASE option is checked in the authorization window, the serial number and the entered PIN will be associated, to avoid the need to entry it again during the next connection (serial number and analyzer model are automatically added to the analyzer database). After a successful connection, a window should appear to confirm the connection with the analyzer ­ see Fig. 8. This screen displays the analyzer information, such as its serial number, firmware and hardware versions. If automatic log-in is unsuccessful, the window shown in Fig. 7 is displayed again.
11

Sonel Analysis 4 User Manual
Fig. 7. PIN code verification.
Fig. 8. The successful connection with the analyzer. Entering incorrect PIN results in displaying window shown in Fig. 9. 12

2 Getting started Note
When the transmission is blocked after three unsuccessful attempts to enter the PIN, during the next attempt to connect to the analyzer, the window will appear with the following message “Communication blocked!
Incorrect PIN code!”
Fig. 9. Incorrect PIN. An unsuccessful attempt to connect the analyzer for reasons not attributable to PIN will trigger the error message. Press RETRY button to repeat the attempt, or go to the analyzer selection window and select another analyzer, or rescan for available analyzers. When during the communication the analyzer is switched off or the USB cable is plugged out, or other event would prevent receiving answer from the analyzer, the message shown in Fig. 10 will be displayed.
Fig. 10. Connection lost. 13

Sonel Analysis 4 User Manual
2.2 Startup window
Compared to its previous version, Sonel Analysis 4 offers a new tool that can help (especially beginners) to work with the program and shorten the process of setting up the analyzer.
The first element of the tool is the STARTUP WINDOW, which may be displayed by clicking icon on the toolbar, or selecting it from menu ANALYZERSTARTUP WINDOW. A window will pop-up, as shown in Fig. 11:
Fig. 11. Startup window. In the window there are four buttons: SET UP AND RECORDING ­ select this option to run Analyzer Settings Wizard. See more about
this tool in sec. 0. LIVE MODE ­ is used to start the live view of parameters measured by the analyzer. If the con-
nection with the analyzer has not been established yet, then connection window is shown (see sec. 2.1). Selecting this option is the same as selecting LIVE MODE in the toolbar or menu (described in sec. 6). GET RECORDED DATA ­ allows user to download and analyse the measurement data from the analyzer. If the connection with the analyzer has not been established yet, then connection window is shown (see sec. 2.1). Selecting this option is the same as selecting ANALYSIS in the toolbar or menu (described in sec. 7). OPEN DATA FILE ­ this option is selected to open a file stored on the disk (extensions .analysis or .pqmxxx) and its further analysis. Data analysis was described in detail in sec. 7).
14

2 Getting started
2.3

Recording settings wizard

Fig. 12. Settings wizard ­ main window.
Recording settings wizard is a tool that allows you to configure the analyzer for the most common scenarios, applying “step-by-step” method. To start the Wizard select from the toolbar RECORDING SETTINGS (or from menu ANALYZERRECORDING SETTINGS), or use STARTUP WINDOW and select SET UP AND RECORDING. The window shown in Fig. 12 will be displayed. RECORDING SETTINGS WIZARD ­ this option allows you to enter simplified settings using the “step-
by-step” method. The wizard is described later in this section. ADVANCED RECORDING SETTINGS ­ the standard method for setting the analyzer with access to
all analyzer settings (method known from previous versions of Sonel Analysis). A detailed description is in sec. 3. OPEN SETTINGS FILE ­ opening a previously saved file with the measurement settings (files with settings extension).
Settings in the wizard are simplified and divided into several steps, where the user selects one of the recording parameters and the moves to the next screen. ANALYZER (Fig. 13) ­ in the first step of setting the analyzer, the user must select the type of
analyzer to be set. This step is required due to differences in the measurement capabilities of individual analyzers. SCENARIOS (Fig. 14) ­ at this stage, user selects the type of measurements, these are two mutually exclusive possibilities: SELECT SCENARIO ­ this option allows user to select one of the predefined measurement
scenarios: All parameters Data Logging (V, I, Hz, THD) Power Study / Energy audit Harmonics to Class A/S Power Quality to Class A/S
15

Sonel Analysis 4 User Manual SELECT STANDARD ­ recording for compliance with standard EN 50160 or other standard.
Select a relevant standard from the list. This setting will allow to generate a compliance report for the specified standard.
Fig. 13. Settings wizard ­ selection of analyzer. MAINS SYSTEM­ indicate the type of measured system/network, NOMINAL FREQUENCY FN ­ select frequency (50 or 60 Hz), NOMINAL VOLTAGE UN ­ select nominal voltage. The list indicates the applied phase voltage
(first value) and phase-to-phase voltage (second value). For measurements with voltage transducers you may select VOLTAGE TRANSDUCERS box and define parameters of a transducer (see also description of setting the transducers in sec. 3.2.1.1). PROBES TYPE ­ indicate the type of current probes used. If for a given setting the current measurement is not required, select NONE option. MEASUREMENT INTERVAL ­ is a basic averaging period for measured parameters. Parameters indicated in the scenario will be saved at the specified interval, which directly translates into a volume of recorded data and the possible recording time. Approximate recording time is displayed at the bottom of the screen. TRIGGERING ­ you can choose option IMMEDIATE (recording started by the user after completing the set up), or ACCORDING TO SCHEDULE (the user defines intervals, at which the analyzer records the data. The intervals are defined on the next screen).
16

2 Getting started RECORDING SCHEDULE (optional step) ­ in this screen the user defines time intervals if at the
previous stage he/she selected option ACCORDING TO SCHEDULE. See also sec. 3.2.1.1 and schedule setup. WIZARD SUMMARY ­ the last step of the wizard (Fig. 15) allowing user to send the created settings to the analyzer (click SEND SETTINGS). If the analyzer is not connected, the selection and connection procedure will be started (sec. 2.1), and then the settings will be sent. Note: The entire contents of the memory will be deleted. The wizard as default uses CONFIGURATION 1 of the analyzer; it also reserves for it the entire analyzer memory space. The setting created with the Wizard may be saved on the disk for later use as a file *.settings (option SAVE SETTINGS). Alternatively, you can select ADVANCED SETTINGS, where the initial settings may be viewed and modified and then sent to the analyzer (window ADVANCED RECORDING SETTINGS, will be shown as in sec. 3.2).
Fig. 14. Settings wizard – Scenario selection.
17

Sonel Analysis 4 User Manual Fig. 15. Settings wizard ­ summary. 18

3 Recording Settings
3 Recording Settings
Note: The analyzer measurement settings module is not available in MPI-540, MPI-540-PV and PQM-707.
After selecting option ANALYZERRECORDING SETTINGS from the main menu (or clicking the icon) SETTINGS window will be displayed as shown in Fig. 16. It is the most important part of the analyzer configuration. Here the user determines which parameters will be recorded by the analyzer; the mains type and nominal values of the parameters.
The left part of the screen is divided into two parts (Fig. 16): LOCAL and ANALYZER. Top part (LOCAL) is used by the user for parameters modification, whereas the bottom part (ANALYZER) shows the current analyzer settings and is of read-only type. Each part has a drop-down tree divided into four configurations and ANALYZER SETTINGS.
PQM-700 has only one measurement configuration.
Fig. 16. Measurement configuration ­ main screen and settings tree. Each of the four measurement configurations is independent from others. This is the place where the user defines the mains system, nominal voltage, frequency, type of probes and parameters for recording and detecting events. The icons next to the configuration may be displayed in various colors: grey – no connection with the analyzer,
19

Sonel Analysis 4 User Manual green – present configuration is synchronized with the analyzer configuration and with the
configuration saved on the disk. blue – current configuration is compatible with the analyzer, but differs from the one saved to the disk, yellow – the configuration is not compatible with the analyzer, but is compatible with the one
saved to disk, red – the current configuration is not compatible with the analyzer and not compatible with the
one saved to disk. RECEIVE SETTINGS button is used to read the analyzer current settings in order to edit them in the computer. If the settings have been previously modified by the user, a warning message will be displayed. The correct reading is also confirmed by a relevant message. Then all icons in the measurement configurations tree will change to blue, which means that the settings in the application and in the analyzer are identical. The SEND SELECTED CONFIGURATION button sends one selected configuration from the top part (LOCAL) to the instrument. The SEND ALL CONFIGURATIONS button allows to send all the configurations. Before sending the settings, the user is asked to confirm the operation (Fig. 17).
Fig. 17. Confirmation of entered settings after selecting SEND ALL CONFIGURATIONS.
Note Selecting the SEND ALL CONFIGURATIONS button will delete all data on the memory card. This option should be used every time the meter
software is updated. This is essential to avoid data compatibility issues.
Sending the configuration no. X by pressing the SEND SELECTED CONFIGURATION button will overwrite the current configuration no. X. In both cases, the previously collected data should be read from the
analyzer and saved to a local disk.
20

3 Recording Settings
Note Saving new settings in the analyzer is not possible when the device is in the recording mode (an appropriate message will be displayed to inform
about this ­ Fig. 18).

Fig. 18. Programming impossible due to recording in progress.

3.1 General settings

The first element to be configured in the left-hand side of the configuration window is GENERAL

SETTINGS. This part is divided into three tabs:

ANALYZER TYPE: allows the user to choose the analyzer model for which the settings will be modified. As the software provides support for several models of analyzers with different capabilities, the user should pre-select the analyzer type from the list, to match the settings with analyzer performance. If the user is already connected to the analyzer, the analyzer type is selected automatically. In addition, the user may specify the type of the default analyzer in the program configuration (see section 8.3.1),

MEMORY ALLOCATION: this tab (Fig. 19) allows

user to allocate space of the analyzer’s memory card to the individual measurement

configurations. Use four sliders to allocate desired amount of memory to a given configuration

(in MB and %). In the middle part of the screen you will see a visualization of memory allocation.

All available card memory (100%) may be freely divided among the four configurations. It is

possible to allocate 100% of the memory to a single configuration; in such case recording in

other configurations is impossible – for them only “live” preview of mains parameters is available.

All measurement configurations have linear recording in the memory, when the memory

allocated to a given configuration is used up, the recording stops. Please remember that

modification of memory allocation will require deleting all data from the memory card. Thus, it

is advisable to download such data and save it on a local disk. New memory allocation is sent

to the analyzer after clicking SEND button (along with configurations of all measurement points).

GPS SYNCHRONIZATION: two parameters included here

are provided to define the behavior of the analyzer when the time measurement source changes

during recording.

21

Sonel Analysis 4 User Manual TIME RESYNCHRONIZATION THRESHOLD defines the time difference (in seconds) between the RTC (Real Time Clock) of the analyzer and UTC (Universal Time Clock) received from the GPS satellites. If the difference between the two clocks is greater than the time entered in the field, then the analyzer immediately change its time to UTC. If the difference does not exceed the threshold value, the analyzer will gradually reach UTC without the immediate (step) change. TIME RESYNCHRONIZATION THRESHOLD set to zero disables the immediate time shifting and ensures a gradual resynchronization. The speed of the re-synchronization is controlled by RESYNCHRONIZATION FACTOR. It is a percentage value from 0 to 100, which defines how fast the internal analyzer time will achieve UTC time during in the resynchronization process. When the RESYNCHRONIZATION FACTOR is equal to 100%, then in every second, half of the second time is skipped (shifted) forward or backward. At lower values of the factor, such correction is proportionately slower, prolonging the re- synchronization time. If the recording process is not active, then the change in the internal time is always immediate.
Fig. 19. Memory allocation.
3.2 Measurement configuration
To drop down the “tree” of a measurement configuration, click once on the triangle at the configuration, or double-click on a given configuration. Highlighting (by single-clicking) selected configuration will result in displaying its main settings on the right side of the screen. Main settings consist of two tabs: BASIC and ADDITIONAL. After dropping down selected configuration, the following list is displayed: STANDARD ­ settings for recording in accordance with EN 50160 and other standards, VOLTAGE ­ settings of voltage-related parameters, divided into two tabs: BASIC and ADDITIONAL
, 22

3 Recording Settings CURRENT ­ current parameters, POWER AND ENERGY ­ power and energy parameters divided into three tabs: POWER,
ADDITIONAL and ENERGY, HARMONICS ­ harmonics parameters divided into three tabs: VOLTAGE, CURRENT and
ADDITIONAL, INTERHARMONICS ­ interharmonics parameters divided into three tabs: VOLTAGE, CURRENT,
MAINS SIGNALLING. It is possible to transfer settings between different configurations. To copy the settings from one configuration to another, right- click on the header of CONFIGURATION X (where X is the number of the point) in the tree of configurations and select COPY. Then, to transfer these settings to another point, right-click them (as above) and select PASTE (CONFIGURATION X) (where X is the number of the configuration). The next chapters presents the description of the main settings screen, and its individual cards. 3.2.1 Main Settings 3.2.1.1 BASIC Tab Main settings screen of the configurations and BASIC tab is shown in Fig. 20. It is divided into a few sections: the mains- related settings are grouped in the top part, whereas the part located below relates to recording according to the schedule and time intervals. In addition, here the user may assign desired name to a configuration and assign the hysteresis used during the event detection.
Fig. 20. Setting the mains parameters, nominal mains parameters and transducers. 23

Sonel Analysis 4 User Manual

The following parameters are defined in the part related to the mains:

VOLTAGE UN: nominal voltage 64/110 V, 110/190 V, 115/200 V, 120/208 V, 127/220 V,

220/380 V, 230/400 V, 240/415 V, 254/440 V, 277/480 V, 290/500 V, 400/690 V (phase /phase-

to-phase, depending on the mains type; in case of split-phase network, the phase-to-phase

voltage is twice the phase voltage),

FREQUENCY FN: Mains nominal frequency ­ 50 or 60 Hz,

MAINS SYSTEM ­ one-phase, split-phase, wye with N, delta, wye without N, and Aron’s

measuring systems; a connection drawing for selected system is shown in the field below the

name. For mains of 3-wire type, the nominal voltage is the phase-to-phase value (the second

value specified in MAINS NOMINAL VALUES ‘UN’ field),

PROBES TYPE ­ indicates the type of current probes used for the measurements. The user

may select C-4(A), C-5(A), C-6(A), C-7(A) CT probes or F-x(A), F-xA1 or F-xA6 flexible probes.

If the analyzer supports auto-detection of probes the option AUTO may be selected. If the current

measurement is not required, select NONE option.

VOLTAGE TRANSDUCERS ­ they define the voltage transducers ratio (when used). Please

select one of the three possible parameters of the transducer that will be calculated using the

other two:

Selecting PRIMARY will grey out the primary voltage, which is calculated basing on two other parameters that may be changed by the user: the voltage of the secondary circuit –
SECONDARY and RATIO. Primary voltage is calculated as the product of secondary voltage and ratio.

Selecting SECONDARY will grey out the secondary voltage, which is calculated by the software, basing Primary voltage and Ratio. Secondary output voltage is equal to the quotient of the primary voltage and ratio.

Selecting RATIO will grey out “Ratio” field. The division is determined by defining the

primary and secondary voltage. Ratio is calculated as the ratio of the primary and

secondary voltage.

After turning the option of voltage transducers field VOLTAGE UN is greyed out; a new nominal

voltage is the primary voltage of the transformer.

CURRENT TRANSDUCERS ­ define the current transducer ratio. The measuring range of

selected probes may be extended using external current transducers. The same method for

determining the ratio is used as in the case of the voltage transducers. Select one of the three

parameters, which will be calculated automatically based on the other two. The resulting

measuring range (primary current which does not exceed the nominal range of used probe) is

displayed below the probe selection list.

ADDITIONAL MEASUREMENTS ­ use the additional option fields to define possible

measurements of additional parameters, such as neutral conductor current (with another probe,

if the system type is appropriate) and the N-PE voltage (for systems with separate N and PE

conductors). Please note that the analyzer will not measure these parameters, if they are not

checked in this place.

Note: In PQM-700 analyzer the N-PE voltage measurement is not available.

AVERAGING PERIOD for measurements ­ use this field to define the basic results averaging

period. Available times (a set of available values may be different for different types of

analyzers) are as follows: half-period (special mode, only voltage and current RMS1/2 values are

recorded), 200 ms, 1 s, 3 s, 5 s, 10 s, 15 s, 30 s, 1 min, 3 min, 5 min, 10 min, 15 min, 30 min,

60 min, 120 min,

Note: For PQM-700 and PQM-701, if the user turned on the option of standard-
compliant recording in STANDARD tab, it will result in setting the averaging time on 10 minutes and the selection list block averaging period selection list. To change this settings, the user must first disable the standard- compliant recording in the tab.

24

3 Recording Settings

TRIGGERING of recording ­ enables the recording activation mode:

IMMEDIATE ­ immediate measurement after pressing START/STOP button or starting the

recording process from the software,

SCHEDULED ­ scheduled measurement; after recording starts (by pressing the button or

from the PC) the analyzer compares the present time with intervals defined in the

schedule and uses them to start and stop the recording,

THRESHOLD ­ measurement after the limit for any active event is exceeded ­ after activating, the device analyses the mains and waits until a parameter is exceeded – this

event triggers recording – at this moment data are recorded (logged) on the memory card.

Other elements of the settings screen (Fig. 20):

SCHEDULED LOGGING (recording) ­ four time periods may be specified. After selecting a

given period by clicking the arrow, enter the start date and time (optionally you may specify the

end date/time). If the user sets the recording start without defining its end, the device will operate

until it is manually stopped or until the memory is filled-up. Time intervals must not overlap – the

program does not allow you to configure overlapping ranges. The following time intervals must

be set chronologically.

PQM-700 analyzer allows only one time period to be defined.

CONFIGURATION NAME ­ the user may assign a name for selected configuration.

EVENTS DETECTION HYSTERESIS ­ it determines the size of the hysteresis used in determining

event detection thresholds. It may be set within the range of 0.01…10.00%. The typical size of

the hysteresis is 2%. More about this issue may be found in the operating manual of the

analyzer.

CURRENT LIMIT ­ when current measurement is

enabled, then selecting this option enables user to set the threshold of RMS current, below

which the value will be zeroed with all related parameters. See additional description in the

operating manual of the analyzer.

3.2.1.2 ADDITIONAL tab

Note: In PQM-700 and PQM-701 analyzers this tab is not available.
Fig. 21 presents the screen after selecting ADDITIONAL tab at MAIN SETTINGS of the measurement configuration. Sliders are available in this screen for defining recording time of several types of waveforms and plots: WAVEFORMS ­ determining the recording time for instantaneous voltage and current (sampling
frequency of 10.24 kHz) accompanying events detected by the RMS voltage (swells, dips and interruptions, exceeding max. threshold values of UN-PE), DC voltage component, RMS current (exceeding minimum and maximum values) and transient events. The user may specify: recording time from 100 ms to 1 s, in 20 ms steps, pretrigger time from 40 ms to 960 ms, in 20 ms steps.
Note: Recording time of waveforms may be different from the stated here, depending on the type of the analyzer. Appropriate times can be found in the user’s manual for individual analyzers.
Waveforms are recorded both at the beginning and at the end of the event. Pretrigger time defines the portion of the total recorded time that will be assigned as “pretriggering” period (both for starting and stopping). This time cannot be longer than the recording time.
25

Sonel Analysis 4 User Manual
Cyclic waveforms (recorded once per every averaging period) always have fixed time equal to 3 periods and this setting does not applies to them.
To simplify the process, recording and pretrigger times are provided in seconds or milliseconds, but in fact the analyzer records with an accuracy of a single period of mains. For example, setting the waveform recording time at 560 ms and pretrigger time at 380 ms, results in a recording a total of 28 periods of mains and pretrigger equal to 19 periods (for 50 Hz mains). This is important if the mains frequency deviates significantly from the nominal 50 Hz. In case of mains with 60 Hz the situation is similar, but the number of periods is rounded down after dividing the time set by the nominal period time of 16.67 ms. In order to enable recording of the waveforms, select option RECORD WAVEFORMS AND RMS1/2 at VOLTAGE card of BASIC tab. RMS1/2 ­ determining the recording time for voltage and current RMS1/2 values accompanying events detected by the RMS voltage (swells, dips and interruptions, exceeding max. threshold values of UN-PE) and RMS current (exceeding minimum and maximum values). The following features may be set: recording time from 1 s to 30 s, in 0.1 s steps, pretrigger time from 0.1 s to 4.9 s, 0.1 s in steps.
Note: Recording time of RMS1/2 waveforms may be different from the stated here, depending on the type of the analyzer. Appropriate times can be found in the user’s manual for individual analyzers.
RMS1/2 values are recorded both at the beginning and at the end of the event. Pretrigger time defines the portion of the total recorded time that will be assigned as “pretriggering” period (both for starting and stopping). This time cannot be longer than the recording time.
Similarly to waveforms, recording and pre-trigger times are specified in seconds or milliseconds, but in fact the analyzer records a specified number of RMS1/2 values, assuming one half-period as 10 ms in 50 Hz networks and 8.33 ms in 60 Hz networks. In order to start recording RMS1/2, select option LOG WAVEFORMS AND RMS1/2 at VOLTAGE card and BASIC tab.

TRANSIENT CHARTS ­ for determining recording time of high speed waveforms

for voltage channels, where transient events were detected. The following features may be set:

recording time (depending on the selected sampling frequency of transients), up to 2 ms for

sampling rate 10 MHz and 200 ms for 100 kHz (recording range always includes from 2000

to 20000 samples),

pretrigger time is between 10% and 90% of the recording time.

In order to start recording transient graphs, select option LOG WAVEFORMS AND TRANSIENT

CHARTS at VOLTAGE card and BASIC tab.

MAINS SIGNALLING – for defining recording time of ripple

control signal waveforms, after detecting exceeded threshold of control signal amplitude (as

specified in settings). Consequent 10/12-period values are recorded (i.e. at approximately 200

ms) for the time indicated by slider: from 10 s to 120 s. After recording the entire waveform it is

possible to detect the following events of this type with successive time graphs.

Recording of control signals waveforms is activated after selecting LOG EVENTS (AND TIME PLOT)

at INTERHARMONICS card and MAINS SIGNALLING tab.

TEMPERATURE ­ temperature recording of external sensor may be activated (only PQM-

702T with ST-2 temperature probe). Temperature is recorded with the same averaging time as

26

3 Recording Settings the other parameters (AVERAGING PERIOD parameter in BASIC tab), provided that the temperature readings are performed with a frequency of approx. 1 time per second. For averaging periods shorter than this period, recorded temperatures will repeat.
Fig. 21. Additional settings of the measurement configuration.
27

Sonel Analysis 4 User Manual
3.2.2 Recording settings according to EN 50160 or other standard
After selecting STANDARD position from the selection tree, the user may quickly choose analyzer settings according to EN 50160 or other Standard (Fig. 22). This standard specifies the characteristics and quality criteria that should be met by the distribution networks of low, medium and high voltage. Settings shown in the list are defined in the program settings in the location: OPTIONS PROGRAM SETTINGS RECORDING SETTINGS STANDARD DEFAULT SETTINGS.
Note The procedure of measurements for standard compliance is different for different types of the analyzers:
· PQM-700, PQM-701(Z, Zr), PQM-707: activating standard-compliant
recording (by ticking box ENABLE LOGGING ACCORDING TO STANDARD) sets the required configuration parameters and blocks them to prevent their modification by the user. Only the parameters required by the selected standard are recorded.
· PQM-702(A,T), PQM-703, PQM-710, PQM-711: activating the standard-
compliance recording does not prevent the user to set the recording parameters in the user configuration, as the analyzer allows simultaneous recording of parameters required by the standard and completely independent recording according to the user configuration (dual recording). The only exception to the rule of independence are the thresholds of voltage events, which are set in accordance with the standard requirements and cannot be changed. The option of such simultaneous recording is available in the specified analyzers, starting from firmware version 1.17. When you want to record only the standard parameters, turn off (uncheck) all parameters in the recording configuration (leave only ENABLE LOGGING ACCORDING TO STANDARD field active and optionally enable recording of control signals).
After choosing from the list a specific Standard, the analyzer marks on the selection tree (of the measurement configuration) the parameters necessary to perform measurements according to chosen Standard and locks them to prevent inactivating them by the user. For example, if the averaging time was previously set to 3 seconds, after selecting “Enable logging according to standard” and choosing specific Standard from the list, it will change into 10minutes and it will be grayed out, preventing any further changes. Additionally the following measurement parameters are marked: average voltage, THD voltage, voltage harmonics, etc.
After selecting a specific Standard profile from the list, the program modifies in the configuration only the thresholds of voltage events, leaving all other options available to the user. The analyzer will automatically record all the parameters necessary to generate a report on compliance with the Standard (switching on the recording of control signal is left to the user). The recorded Standard parameters will also be available for viewing. Regardless of recording data for compliance with the standard, the user may adjust almost all parameters for own recording (except for the above mentioned thresholds for voltage events), according to own averaging time and types of parameters. Such recording is called dual recording ­ both sets of recorded parameters may be independently analysed in the ANALYSIS module. For example, it is possible to enable recording for compliance with the standard (e.g. 10-minute averages will be recorded for RMS voltage and harmonics, 10-second for frequency values) and the simultaneous
28

3 Recording Settings recording for diagnostic purposes covering the specified parameters with 1-second averaging (including the average of 1-second voltage).
Fig. 22. ‘Standard’ tab for measurement configuration. Basic mains measurement time, according to EN 50160, is one week. In this time, the following parameters are measured: RMS voltage, frequency, Total Harmonic Distortion, levels of individual voltage harmonics, unbalance (in three-phase mains), flicker. Because the week-long measurements are related to gathering a large amount of data, it was decided to use averaging algorithms. All the evaluated parameters, excluding the frequency and long-term flicker, are averaged over 10 minutes. Thus, within a week, the user obtains 1008 values for each of these parameters. These values are then evaluated by comparing them to the criteria defined in the standard. If all parameters are within the specified thresholds, it can be concluded that the measured mains meets the quality requirements of EN 50160. Table 2 contains the current criteria for measurements according to EN 50160 in LV networks (up to 1 kV) and MV networks (36 kV). These settings are used by selecting the default settings for EN 50160 profile.
29

Sonel Analysis 4 User Manual

Table 2. Criteria for power quality according to standard EN 50160 for mains voltage up to 1 kV (low voltage networks).

Parameter

Slow changes in

voltage

(RMS

voltage)

Basic measurement
time
10 minutes

Criterion
For LV networks: for 95% of the measurements the deviation from the nominal voltage shall be within the range of ±10% Unom for 100% of the measurements: ­15%…+10% Unom

Frequency

10 seconds

For MV networks:
for 99% of the measurements the deviation from the nominal
voltage shall be within the range of ±10% Unom for 100% of measurements: ±15% Unom For networks connected synchronously:
for 99.5% of the measurements the deviation should be within ±1% fnom (i.e. for 50 Hz it is 49.5…50.5 Hz) for 100% of measurements: ­6%…+4% fnom (47…52 Hz)

Flicker

Voltage unbalance

Total

Harmonic

Distortion (THD-F)

Voltage harmonics

2 hours 10 minutes 10 minutes 10 minutes

For networks connected asynchronously (e.g. island networks): for 95% of the measurements the deviation should be within ±2% fnom (i.e. for 50Hz it is 49…51 Hz) for 100% of measurements: ±15% fnom (42.5…57.5 Hz) for 95% of the measurements the long-term flicker severity PLT should be 1 for 95% of the measurements of the negative-sequence unbalance factor should be 2% for 95% of measurements, THD-F should be 8%

For 95% of the measurements, the level of each voltage harmonic

component related to the fundamental component should be less

than:

Odd order harmonics Even order harmonics

Order

Relative level

Order

Relative level

3

5.0%

2

2.0%

5

6.0%

4

1.0%

7

5.0%

6 … 24

0.5%

9

1.5%

11

3.5%

13

3.0%

15

0.5%

17

2.0%

19

1.5%

21

0.5%

23

1.5%

25

1.5%

The procedure for setting the analyzer on the measurement compliant with the standard is as follows. On the main screen for the measurement point settings, the user should set the correct mains type, nominal voltage, frequency, type of probes, or select the appropriate transducers.
Then select STANDARD tab and enable ENABLE LOGGING ACCORDING TO STANDARD option. This causes unlocking the standard version list. Then, from the list select the appropriate element.
After completing the settings, and after sending the configuration to the analyzer the user may trigger the recording process from the PC program or by using START/STOP button. Before that make sure that the correct measurement configuration is selected in the analyzer.

30

3 Recording Settings
The user has the ability to edit the standard default settings defined in the preferences. It may be useful in situations where the criteria defined in the Standards will change. The user will be able to adjust the settings yourself without the need to upgrade Sonel Analysis software.
3.2.3 Recording settings according to user settings
If the user did not chose recording in accordance with the standard, then all available parameters may be freely controlled by the user.
In PQM-702, PQM-703, PQM-710 and PQM-711 analyzers, due to the dual recording functionality, activating the standard-compliance recording does not limit control over recording acc. to the user settings (excluding the modification of threshold event voltage events).
All settings are included in the main card of the measurement configuration (BASIC and ADDITIONAL tabs) and five other cards (and their tabs): VOLTAGE, CURRENT, POWER AND ENERGY, HARMONICS and INTERHARMONICS.
In most cases, the settings for the selected parameter may be divided into a section of cyclical recording of parameter values according to the selected averaging time, and into the section related to event detection. The user may select to record the value of average, minimum, maximum and instantaneous parameter. For voltage and current the user may define an additional averaging time that is used for detecting minimum and maximum values (depends on analyzer type). To clarify these issues let us use an example.

Example Global averaging time has been set to 1 minute, while min/max determination period for voltage has been set to 5 seconds. All four voltage options have been checked: recording of average, minimum, maximum and instantaneous values. Question: How these values are determined and what is recorded on the memory card?
1. Average value is determined as the RMS (root mean square) from 10/12-period measurements (approx. 200 ms). There will be approx. 300 of such measurements per 1 minute. Average voltage value is calculated
as the square root of arithmetic mean of squared input values:

=

=1

2

where: Uavg ­ 1-minute RMS voltage, k ­ number of gathered 10/12-period values, Ui ­ RMS voltage of 10/12-period type. 2. Min/max averaging equal to 5 seconds means that firstly the analyzer

averages 25 successive Ui values (using the method described above). Minimum and maximum values are selected from all 5-second average

values gathered during 1 minute. Both, minimum and maximum values

will be recorded.

3. Instantaneous value is the last 10/12-period voltage value measured

during 1-minute averaging period. This value will also be saved on the

memory card.

31

Sonel Analysis 4 User Manual
For most of parameters the user may enable detection of events. “Event” is the term, which describes the situation, when the measured value exceeds the threshold(s) set by the user. Depending on a parameter, the number of thresholds may be as follows: only one (e.g. for negativesequence unbalance factor – exceeding the maximum value), two (e.g. for frequency – exceeding the upper and lower limits), three – for voltages (exceeding the threshold of swell, dip and interruption).
Information about the event is recorded by the analyzer on the memory card at the time of its completion. Then the following information is recorded: start time of the event, end time of the event, threshold value, parameter extreme value during the event, parameter average value during the event.
If the recording is interrupted during an event, information about this event is also saved, but only within the following scope: start time of the event, threshold value, extreme value of the parameter recorded by the end of the recording process.
For the following parameters: RMS voltage and RMS current, changes in the shape of the voltage envelope and the voltage phase, the recording of waveforms and RMS1/2 values may be enabled ­ at the beginning and end of the event. Recording time of waveforms and RMS1/2 is set in ADDITIONAL tab, of the card for the measurement configuration settings (see sec. 3.2.1.2.)
3.2.4 VOLTAGE card
VOLTAGE card is divided into two tabs: BASIC and ADDITIONAL.
3.2.4.1 BASIC Tab Fig. 23 presents basic settings for recording voltages. Depending on the mains type, the settings
relate to phase-to-neutral voltages (single-phase, split-phase, three-phase 4-wire systems) or phase-to-phase voltages (three-phase 3-wire systems). As a standard, the user may check the recording of the average value (AVG), minimum (MIN), maximum (MAX) and instantaneous (INST) of the RMS voltage. Option ALL selects all four, or remove them all. The same set of options is available for the DC component of the voltage.
Measurement of minimum and maximum value is performed with the user-defined averaging time (option MIN/MAX CALCULATION PERIOD). Available averaging times: ½ period, period, 200 ms, 1 s, 3 s or 5 s.
Note Averaging times 200 ms, 1, 3 and 5 sec. are actually expressed as multiples of the mains basic period: 200 ms ­ 10/12 periods (50/60 Hz) 1 second ­ 50/60 periods 3 seconds ­ 150/180 periods 5 seconds ­ 250/300 periods
For systems with phase-to-neutral voltages (split-phase and three-phase with a neutral conductor N), there is an additional option of recording RMS phase-to- phase voltages. In such case only the average value is recorded. 32

3 Recording Settings
Checking option LOG WAVEFORMS AFTER EACH AVERAGING PERIOD results in recording three voltage waveform periods after each successive averaging periods (for example every 10 minutes).
The part related to events is located on the right side of the screen. Checking option LOG EVENTS activate the fields for voltage threshold values. They may be entered as percentage or absolute values. The setting ranges are as follows: SWELLS: 0.00…+20.00% with a resolution of 0.01% or in volts within the same range, DIPS: 0.00…-99.90% with a resolution of 0.01% or in volts, INTERRUPTIONS: 0.00…-100.00% with a resolution of 0.01% or in volts up to 0.00 V (the dip level
cannot be lower than the interruption level).
Switching between the threshold percentage values to absolute values results in automatic calculation to selected unit.
Note When the user changes mains nominal voltage after the event threshold have been set, the thresholds expressed in percentage values will remain
on the same levels.
For mains with neutral conductor, it is possible to set also the maximum N-PE voltage level ­ option N-PE VOLTAGE OVER LIMIT. Exceeding this threshold in volts will trigger an event. Setting the threshold to zero disables the detection of events of this type.
After selecting LOG WAVEFORMS AND RMS1/2 option, the analyzer will record the defined number of periods for voltage and current waveforms and RMS1/2 values, at the beginning and the end of an event. Recording time is set in ADDITIONAL tab, of the card for the measurement point settings, see sec. 3.2.1.2.
In addition, you can set the detection of voltage events by other methods than exceeding the RMS voltage values that can help in network diagnostics:
· WAVESHAPE VARIATIONS: 1 … 100% with a resolution of 1%.
In this method, two adjacent periods of the voltage waveform are compared with each other the difference between them is calculated and its maximum amplitude is checked, which is then compared with the threshold set by the user. The percentage threshold refers to the nominal voltage value. For example, for Un = 230 V and the detection threshold set to 10%, such waveform changes are detected whose amplitude is greater than or equal to 23 V. If the voltage waveform in the next period does not fit within the specified tolerance range (envelope), then an event is detected. The analyzer, after the event is detected, records the time of occurrence, duration and the maximum registered percentage difference between the compared waveforms.
It should be remembered that at low values of the detection threshold, the analyzer can detect a very large number of events in a short time interval. For this reason, the user has the HOLD TIME parameter in seconds. After the event is detected, the analyzer blocks detection of subsequent events (in a given channel) for the time specified by this parameter. It can be set in the range from 1 s to 600 s. If the option LOG WAVEFORMS AND RMS 1/2 is also selected, it will also be able to view oscilloscope waveforms and RMS1/2 plots accompanying the event in addition to the recorded event.
33

Sonel Analysis 4 User Manual
· PHASE JUMPS: 1 … 360 with 1 resolution. Selecting the PHASE JUMPS field enables the detection of sudden changes in the voltage fun-
damental phase angle. The detection algorithm compares the angles of the fundamental voltage component of two or three neighbouring periods. If the difference in angles is greater than the user-defined threshold expressed in degrees, information about the detection of the event along with the measured value of the phase angle change is recorded. If the option LOG WAVEFORMS AND RMS VALUES is also selected, then in addition to the recorded event, you will also be able to see the oscilloscope waveforms and RMS1/2 graphs accompanying the event.
RAPID VOLTAGE CHANGES (RVC): Checking field LOG RAPID VOLTAGE CHANGES (RVC) enables the detection of the
instantaneous RMS voltage disturbances, known as RVC. A more detailed description of such events may be found in the operating instructions of the analyzers. The user enters two parameters: THRESHOLD, which defines Umax value, above which a RVC event is detected, as well as HYSTERESIS. The hysteresis must be less than the threshold. If you have enabled the detection of events such as dip/swell/interruption, then the threshold for RVC events is limited to the sum of the thresholds for dip and swell. This is related to the fact that RVC events may not exceed the thresholds of dip and swell – such events are then treated as dips and swells, not as RVC events.
When the recording acc. to a standard is activated, and the standard defines the requirements for the RVC, the user cannot modify these parameters ­ the change is possible only by modifying the default profile of the standard in program configuration.
Similarly as for other events in this sheet, checking option LOG WAVEFORMS AND RMS 1/2 will trigger the recording of oscilloscopic waveforms and RMS1/2 graphs that accompany the RVC event.
In polyphase systems, the device detects both single-phase events and polyphase events (in accordance with IEC 61000-4-30).
PQM-700 and PQM-701 analyzers do not support recording of waveshape variations, phase jumps and RVC events.
DC VOLTAGE: To enable the recording of events resulting from exceeding DC component, activate option LOG
EVENTS in the VOLTAGE DC part of the screen, which relates to the DC component. Entering a value in volts in MAX field triggers an event after detecting a voltage DC is higher than the value (threshold) entered in volts (the absolute value of the DC voltage is checked). Setting the threshold to zero disables the detection of events of this type.
34

3 Recording Settings
Fig. 23. Basic settings for voltage measurements. In case of PQM-703 and PQM-711 analyzers the card includes a set of controls enabling the user to activate and configure the block of transient detection (fast and short-term disturbances in the mains voltage). The detection is triggered after selecting option LOG EVENTS (TRANSIENTS). The user may set the following parameters: SAMPLING FREQUENCY – it is the sampling frequency of the transient detection block. One out of five frequencies may be chosen: 100 KHZ (slowest), 500 KHZ, 1 MHZ, 5 MHZ, 10 MHZ (fastest). The sampling frequency must be chosen depending on the expected frequency content of disturbances in the network. Detection method: THRESHOLD or SLEW RATE. After selecting THRESHOLD option, set the minimum amplitude of disturbances in the range from 50 V to 5000 V that should be detected as an event and its recording. After selecting SLEW RATE the analyzer detects disturbances with slew rate exceeding the value specified next to the selection box. Slew rate is changed indirectly, by selecting the sampling frequency (from 100 V/500 µs for 100 kHz to 100 V/5 µs for 10 MHz) Recording time charts of detected transients with related 10.24 kHz waveforms may be activated by selecting option RECORD WAVEFORMS AND TRANSIENT CHARTS. Recording time is set in ADDITIONAL tab, of the card for the measurement configuration settings, see sec. 3.2.1.2.
35

Sonel Analysis 4 User Manual 3.2.4.2 ADDITIONAL tab
In this tab (see Fig. 24) the user defines recording parameters for the mains frequency, Crest Factor, voltage flicker and voltage unbalance. Similarly to other parameters, the user may select recording of average, minimum, maximum and instantaneous values. In the case of unbalance, the recorded parameters include: three symmetrical components in volts (zero, positive and negative sequence voltages) and two unbalance factors (in %): zero and positive unbalance. Additionally, the user may enable event recording. The setting ranges are as follows: frequency: 40 … 70 Hz with a resolution of 0.01 Hz or 0.01%, whereas the minimum value
cannot be higher than the defined mains reference frequency, and the maximum value cannot be lower this reference value, crest factor: 1.00 … 10.00, resolution 0.01, negative sequence unbalance : 0.00…20.00% every 0.01%, flicker (short-term PST and long-term PLT): 0.00 … 20.00 in 0.01 steps.
Fig. 24. Additional settings for voltage measurements.
36

3 Recording Settings 3.2.5 CURRENT
Screen of Basic settings is shown in Fig. 25. Note
This tab is not available if in the main measurement configuration screen the current measurement was disabled by selecting NONE option in PROBES TYPE field.
The following elements are grouped here: recording RMS current, selection list of averaging times to determine minimum and maximum values (similarly to
voltage, the available times include: ½ period, period, 1, 3 and 5 seconds), recording current crest factor, recording unbalance factors and current symmetrical components (as in the case of voltage
unbalance), DC current component (only when C-5(A) current probes are selected).
Fig. 25. Current measurement settings. For each parameter, the user may enable event logging: for RMS current two thresholds may be set : the maximum (upper limit) and minimum (lower
limit) value. The settings range is from 0.00 A up to the rated current measuring range (probes and possibly current transducers). The minimum value cannot be greater than the maximum
37

Sonel Analysis 4 User Manual value. For mains with neutral conductor, the user may set different thresholds for phase channels and for neutral channel (if current measurement in N conductor is enabled). current crest factor: two thresholds (minimum and maximum); adjustment range: 1.00…10.00; in 0.01 steps negative sequence unbalance: one threshold (maximum), range 0.0…20.0%; in 0.1% steps. for the DC component a current threshold can be defined. If the absolute value of DC current exceeds the limit, the event will be recorded. This kind of event can be enabled only when current probes with DC measurement capability are selected, that is C-5(A). 3.2.6 POWER AND ENERGY The configuration part relating to the power and energy settings has three tabs: POWER ,ADDITIONAL and ENERGY.
Note These tabs are not available if in the main measurement configuration screen the current measurement was disabled by selecting NONE option
in PROBES TYPE field. 3.2.6.1 POWER tab
Fig. 26 presents POWER tab.
Fig. 26. Power and energy ­ Power tab. 38

3 Recording Settings Similarly to voltage and current, the user may set recording average, minimum, maximum and
instantaneous values. The user may activate registering of the following parameters: active power, reactive power, apparent power, distortion power / apparent distortion power.
For each of these power types, the user may enable event recording (logging). Two thresholds can be set for each power type (minimum and maximum) and the analyzer will detect every case of their exceeding.
The setting range is 0.00 W … 999.9 MW (for active power), 0.00 var … 999.9 Mvar (for reactive power), 0.00 VA … 999.9 MVA (for apparent power), 0, 00 var / VA … 999.9 Mvar / MVA (for distortion power/ apparent distortion power).
At the bottom of the screen, the user may see the method for calculating reactive power. Two alternative methods are available: as required by IEEE 1459-2010 standard, according to Budeanu’s power theory (this method is not recommended).
Fig. 27. Power and energy ­ Additional tab. This option has been added due to the doubts about the power measurement according to traditionally used Budeanu’s method. IEEE 1459-2010 standard suggests slightly different calculation methods for this power, providing correct results also in unbalanced systems with distorted current and voltage waveforms. More about this issue may be found the operating manual of the analyzer.
39

Sonel Analysis 4 User Manual After selecting Budeanu option both reactive power Q and distortion power are calculated by the analyzer based on the Budeanu’s theory. After selecting IEEE-1459 option, the reactive power is the Q1 reactive power of the fundamental component, and SN non-fundamental apparent power (expressed in VA) is calculated instead of the distortion power. 3.2.6.2 ADDITIONAL tab ADDITIONAL tab (Fig. 27) shows parameters related to the power measurements: Power Factor: event threshold setting range 0.00 … 1.00 in 0.01 steps, Displacement power factor / cos: event threshold setting range 0.00 … 1.00 in 0.01 steps, 4-quadrant tan, which is the ratio of reactive to active power. Event threshold setting range: 0.00…10.0 in 0.01 steps. In every case both positive and negative values within the range are checked.
PQM-700 and PQM-701 analyzers do not record 4-quadrant tan. 3.2.6.3 ENERGY tab
ENERGY tab is shown in Fig. 28. Apart from the option of enabling the recording process of energy values with a defined averaging period, the user may also define event detection when energy exceeds a given threshold. The setting ranges are as follows: Active energy EP: 0.00 Wh…9.90 TWh, with resolution of 0.01 Wh, Reactive energy EQ (4-quadrant): 0.00 varh…9.90 Tvarh, with resolution of 0.01 varh, Apparent energy ES: 0.00 VAh…9.90 TVAh with resolution of 0.01 VAh.
For active energy, the analyzer separately measures two parameters: consumed (received) and supplied (delivered) energy. The indicated threshold refers to both values (i.e. the analyzer checks the exceeding threshold for both, consumed and supplied energy).
For reactive energy, the analyzer records and detects events separately for each of four quadrants: EQ(L+), EQ(C-), EQ(L-), EQ(C+).
PQM-700 and PQM-701 analyzers do not record 4-quadrant reactive energy.
40

3 Recording Settings
Fig. 28. Power and energy ­ Energy tab. 3.2.7 HARMONICS
In HARMONICS card the user may configure recording method and event detection for voltage and current harmonics and other parameters directly related to them. The card has three tabs: VOLTAGE , CURRENT and ADDITIONAL.
PQM-700 measures harmonics only to the 40th order. 3.2.7.1 VOLTAGE tab
Screen of this tab is shown in Fig. 29. The user may choose recording of minimum, average, maximum and instantaneous values for THD in voltage and voltage harmonic amplitudes. The user may also activate the event recording for THD and harmonics amplitudes: for THD in voltage, an event will be recorded after THD exceeds the threshold set by the user.
Event threshold setting range is 0.00 … 100.00% in 0.01% steps Detection thresholds for events of voltage harmonics may be set independently for each of 49
harmonics (from 2 to 50). The user may select units: volts or percentage. The adjustment range for event thresholds: in volts 0.00…UNOM in 0.01 V steps, as percentage values 0.00… 100.00% in 0.01% steps. Setting the threshold to zero disables the event detection for the specified harmonic. Setting limits for individual harmonics may be performed in two ways: completing the table below the graph or directly on the graph. When the table is filled, after values are approved, the graph located above presented the table visualization.
41

Sonel Analysis 4 User Manual To change the limit on the graph, double-click on a selected harmonic and then holding down the left mouse button, set the desired level. By clicking a harmonic in the table, the user may use the following keys: SPACEBAR- used to enter the editing selected harmonic (the user may also immediately start typing the threshold), ENTER – confirming values TAB ­ confirming values and moving to the next harmonics, UP and DOWN arrow – changing the value of the limit, LEFT and RIGHT arrow – used for moving to the previous or next harmonics HOME and END – used to toggle between the first and last harmonics.
Note The level of THD and harmonics presented as a percentage value is
referenced to the fundamental component.
Fig. 29. Voltage harmonics settings. The user also has the option to decide how many harmonics will be used to calculate THD: 40 or 50 harmonics. This setting is automatically transferred to the second tab ­ CURRENT (and vice versa).
42

3 Recording Settings
3.2.7.2 CURRENT tab Screen of this tab is shown in Fig. 30. Available options are similar to those in VOLTAGE tab:
recording THD (with event detection option) and recording current harmonics (with setting of event thresholds for individual harmonics). Additionally the TDD recording (average value) can be enabled.
PQM-701 analyzer does not have the capability to measure TDD.
The event threshold setting range is as follows: for THD: 0.00…200.00% every 0.01%, for harmonics: in amperes 0.00…INOM in 0.01 A steps, as a percentage value 0.00…200.00% in
0.01% steps. Setting the threshold to zero disables the event detection for the specified harmonic.

3.2.7.3 ADDITIONAL tab

Fig. 30. Current harmonics settings.

This tab is not available in PQM-700 analyzer.
ADDITIONAL tab (Fig. 31) includes the following parameters: K-factor: the user may activate the recording and event detection when the threshold is
exceeded. The threshold may be set in the range of 0.00 … 50.00 in 0.01 steps. Angles between voltage and current harmonics: the user may activate the recording ­ the
angles are recorded for 1..50 harmonics, Harmonics active power: cyclical recording of active power for the 1..50 harmonics (minimum,
maximum, average and instantaneous values), Harmonics reactive power: cyclical recording of reactive power for the 1..50 harmonics
(minimum, maximum, average and instantaneous values),
43

Sonel Analysis 4 User Manual
Fig. 31. Additional settings of harmonics. 3.2.8 INTERHARMONICS
In PQM-700 and PQM-701 analyzers the options for measuring interharmonics and mains signalling is not available. In INTERHARMONICS tab, the user may configure the manner of recording and event detection from current and voltage interharmonics, TID and mains signalling. The card is divided into three tabs: VOLTAGE, CURRENT, MAINS SIGNALLING. 3.2.8.1 VOLTAGE tab Screen of this tab is shown in Fig. 32. The user may choose recording of minimum, average, maximum and instantaneous values for TID in voltage and voltage interharmonic amplitudes. Similarly as in case of harmonics, the user may also enable event logging for TID and interharmonics amplitudes: for TID in voltage, an event will be recorded after TID exceeds the threshold set by the user. Event threshold setting range is 0.00 … 100.00% in 0.01% steps Detection thresholds for events of voltage interharmonics may be set independently for each of 51 interharmonics (from 0 to 50). The user may select units: volts or percentage. The adjustment range for event thresholds: in volts 0.00…UNOM in 0.01 V steps, as percentage values 0.00…100.00% in 0.01% steps. Setting the threshold to zero disables the event detection for the specified interharmonic. 44

3 Recording Settings Setting limits for individual interharmonics is carried out in the same way as for the harmonics. Note The level of TID and interharmonics presented as a percentage value is referenced to the fundamental component.
Fig. 32. Voltage interharmonics settings.
45

Sonel Analysis 4 User Manual 3.2.8.2 CURRENT tab
Screen of this tab is shown in Fig. 33. Available options are identical as those in VOLTAGE tab: recording TID (with event detection option) and recording current interharmonics (with setting of event thresholds for individual interharmonics). The event threshold setting ranges are as follows: for TID: 0.00…100.00% in 0.01% steps, for interharmonics: in amperes 0.00…INOM in 0.01 A steps, as a percentage value
0.00…100.00% in 0.01% steps. Setting the threshold to zero disables the event detection for the specified interharmonic.
Fig. 33. Current interharmonics settings.
46

3 Recording Settings 3.2.8.3 MAINS SIGNALLING tab
MAINS SIGNALLING tab is not available for PQM-700 and PQM-701 analyzers. Screen of this tab is shown in Fig. 34. The user may configure two monitored frequencies of ripple control signals: UR1 and UR2. The frequency of each may be set in the range of 5…3000 Hz. The meaning of each option is as follows: AVERAGE ­ selecting it activates recording of the average value of a given control signal in
the averaging interval, MAXIMUM – selecting it activates recording of the maximum value of a given control signal
in the averaging interval (out of 10/12-period values) LOG EVENTS (AND TIME PLOT) ­ activates recording of an event when specified threshold is
exceeded by the control signal (as specified in volts or percentage values of the nominal voltage). The exceeded value triggers recording of the signal time plot. Recording time is set at ADDITIONAL card in main settings of the measurement configuration (see sec. 3.2.1.2). In case of recording in accordance with EN 50160 (and related), in addition to averages, all the 3-second mean values are also recorded.
Fig. 34. Mains signaling settings.
47

Sonel Analysis 4 User Manual
3.2.9 Default configuration profiles. After installing, the application applies the default settings of the analyzer, where the following
measurement configuration profiles are saved: Voltage , Voltage and current , Power , Power and harmonics.
Names of these profiles are entered in the names of measurement configuration (K1 – Voltage, K2 – Voltage and current, K3 – Power, K4 – Power and harmonics). Parameters recorded in individual profiles are shown in Table 3.

Table 3. The list of recorded parameters for the profiles of default measurement configurations.

Voltage Voltage U Crest Factor U Frequency Symmetrical components and unbalance factors U

Voltage and current Voltage U Crest Factor U Frequency Symmetrical components and unbalance factors U Current I Crest Factor I Symmetrical components and unbalance factors I

Power Voltage U Crest Factor U Frequency Symmetrical components and unbalance factors U Current I Crest Factor I Symmetrical components and unbalance factors I Active power P Reactive power Q Apparent power S Distortion power D Cos Power Factor Tan

Power and harmonics Voltage U Crest Factor U Frequency Symmetrical components and unbalance factors U Current I Crest Factor I Symmetrical components and unbalance factors I Active power P Reactive power Q Apparent power S Distortion power D Cos Power Factors Tan K factor THD U THD I Harmonics U Harmonics I Flicker Pst and Plt

Recording in default profiles is done without saving the waveforms after the averaging period. Only average values of parameters are recorded and event detection is disabled. Network type is set as 3-phase wye system with a neutral conductor and the averaging time is 10 seconds. For profiles that require current measurements, flexible probes F-x(A) are selected.

48

3 Recording Settings
3.3 Auto-probes support
The Sonel Analysis application from version 4.4.2 supports current probes with automatic type recognition. This option is available for analyzers PQM-702 (A/T), PQM-703, PQM-710 and PQM711 with hardware revision HWg (or newer) and firmware v1.40 or newer, when using probes that have the letter A in the designation, e.g. F-3A or C-4A. When configuring current probes for measurement instead of indicating their specific type, you can select AUTO option. Several aspects related to this functionality are described below.
To start the recording with the auto-probe option enabled in the configuration, it is necessary to correctly connect the auto-probes in all required current channels. If any incompatibilities are detected, start of recording will not be possible. In the case of Sonel Analysis an appropriate error message will be displayed. In the case of manual operation from the analyzer level, an error message will also be displayed on the LCD screen ­ recording can not be started.
The current status of the detected probes can be checked in the PROBES PHASE window (ANALYZER SETTINGS PROBES PHASE, see chapter 4.2). For each current channel, the type of set (if a specific type was indicated in the configuration) or detected probe (if the AUTO option was selected) is given.
On the LCD screen of the analyzer (screen no. 9) if the configuration of the probes is correct, in the Probe line, the symbol of detected automatic probes is displayed, e.g. Probes: AUTO (F3A). If there is a detection error or mismatch, a question mark is displayed, e.g. Probes: AUTO (?).
It is required that all current channels used have exactly the same type of connected autoprobes. For example, in a 1-phase system with IN current measurement, in channel I1 and IN it is necessary to connect the same type of auto-probes, e.g. F-3A. Combinations of different auto-probes are not allowed (e.g. F-3A in I1 and C-4A in IN).
The type of probes recognized at the start of recording is latched during the entire recording period, until its completion. The current path in the analyzer is set accordingly to the detected probes and its change is blocked during the recording. This means that if at the start of the recording, the F-3A probe was detected and blocked, then during the recording other automatic probes were connected to the analyzer, e.g. C-4A – the currents from connecting the C-4A probes will not be correctly measured, because the measurement path has been configured to work with flexible probes. Restoration of F-3A probes will result in correct measurement of currents from the moment of their reconnection. The fact of blocking a given type of probes during recording is indicated on the analyzer’s screen with an additional asterisk.
The type of probes detected and assigned to recording (latched) is possible to view during data read-out and analysis using Sonel Analysis. See Fig. 57 and Fig. 75 with their descriptions.
49

Sonel Analysis 4 User Manual
4 Analyzer Settings
Note: Analyzer Settings module is not available in MPI-540, MPI-540-PV and PQM-707 meters.
After selecting from the main menu: ANALYZERANALYZER SETTINGS (or use a shortcut key F4) the window shown in Fig. 35 is displayed. The following cards are available:
TIME AND SECURITY , PROBES PHASE , WIRELESS CONNECTION (only PQM-702(A/T), PQM-703, PQM-710, PQM-711), SERIAL CONNECTION (only PQM-701Zr), ADDITIONAL SETTINGS.
4.1 TIME AND SECURITY card
Here (Fig. 35) the user may set the time and parameters important for the analyzer security. Current date and time of the analyzer is shown on an on- going basis in DATE AND TIME IN ANALYZER field. In order to synchronize a PC system time with the analyzer time press the SET button next to DATE AND TIME IN PC button.
Note: To ensure that the local time on PC and analyzer be the same, the time zone and DST (Daylight Saving Time) option should be set appropriately. See also description below.
In the upper left part of the window, an icon and status of GPS signal is displayed. When correct time from the GPS satellite was received, ‘GPS signal’ icon turns green and message “YES (2D + Time)” is displayed. In the absence of GPS signal, the icon is grey and message “NO SIGNAL” is shown.
Date and time of the analyzer for devices with built-in GPS (PQM-702 (A/T), PQM-703, PQM710 PQM-711) are displayed in orange if there is no synchronization with GPS time or green, if the synchronization is achieved.
Note: If the memory card of the analyzer contains any data saved with a date later than the set date, the time change is not possible ­ appropriate message is displayed. To change time in this situation, you must first delete all the data on the memory card (use the formatting options, or send a new configuration to the device; first read the previously recorded data).
TIME ZONE field allows user to specify the time shift between the local time and the UTC. For example, in case of Poland, select UTC +01:00. Many countries in summer months use additional shift of one hour. For compatibility of the analyzer clock with local time, when applying Daylight Saving Time, check DST box. Time change to daylight saving time takes place at different times in different countries. Analyzer does not automatically adjust DST. Checking DST box adds 1 extra hour to the displayed time (local time). Its internal clock is always UTC clock.
50

4 Analyzer Settings
Fig. 35. Setting the time and security measures. Checking KEYBOARD LOCK box, results in immediate key locking after the recording is activated. In this case, the user will have to enter the 3-digit code (using three buttons of the analyzer) to unlock the keys. This code is independent from PIN number and may be changed by pressing CHANGE button, next to KEYBOARD LOCK box. “Keyboard Lock” function prevents stopping an active recording process by unauthorized persons.
In meters with a built-in GPS module and GSM modem (PQM702(T), PQM-703, PQM-710, PQM-711), the ANTI-THEFT option is available. Check this box will enable this mode. More information on this issue may be found in the instruction manual of these analyzers. SLEEP MODE makes the screen blank 10 seconds after activating the recording process.
4.2 PROBES PHASE card
In case of a reverse probe connection to the measured circuit (right direction is the one where the arrow on the probe indicates the load/receiver), select the option from menu ANALYZERANALYZER SETTINGS and selecting PROBES PHASE (Fig. 36). Click a probe icon in the selected channel to reverse the phase by 180, which is equivalent to reverse placement on the probe on the test lead. The change of direction applies to all measurement configurations and occurs immediately. The reversal effect can be verified on the phasor diagram screen, waveforms screen or by change of active power sign in the channel. The probe phase cannot be reversed while the recording is in progress.
An additional function of this window is the preview of the currently configured type of current probes, which is displayed above the picture of the probe. If the AUTO option is selected in the configuration as the probe type, i.e. automatic detection of the type of connected probes, then the indicated type of probe detected for each channel is displayed in the indicated place. The analyzer’s manual contains information about the hardware and firmware versions that are required to support this functionality.
51

Sonel Analysis 4 User Manual
Fig. 36. Reversing the probe phase.
4.3 WIRELESS CONNECTION card
This tab is not available in PQM-700 and PQM-707 analyzers. PQM-701(Z, Zr) has neither GSM communication options nor Wi-Fi. WIRELESS CONNECTION (Fig. 37) includes the following elements: OR-1 COMMUNICATION ENABLED button ­ used for enabling/disabling radio interface to communicate with the receiver OR-1. GSM COMMUNICATION ENABLED button ­ used for enabling/disabling the built-in GSM modem. Disabling the modem is recommended when GSM communication is not used. WI-FI COMMUNICATION ENABLED button ­ it enables / disables the built-in Wi-Fi module (valid for PQM-710 and PQM-711). Disabling the module is recommended when Wi-Fi communication is not used.
Note Be careful when disabling interfaces, as the user may turn off both interfaces when connected to the analyzer via selected interface. In such case, a warning is displayed informing that further communication is impossible, and re-activation will be possible by connecting the analyzer
with other active medium.
52

4 Analyzer Settings
Fig. 37. Analyzer settings ­ Wireless connection. SMS ALERTS – here the user may enter up to four telephone numbers, to which SMS Alerts
will be sent. It is recommended that the phone numbers start with “plus’ and the country code. SMS will be sent in the following situations:
recording starts, recording ends, analyzer is switched-off due to discharged battery, analyzer is switched-on due to power supply return, analyzer re- location was detected (when the anti-theft function is activated). GPS signal is lost for longer than 5 minutes (when the anti-theft function is active), GPS signal is available after interruption longer than 5 minutes (when the anti-theft
function is active). ACTIVE button, next to the field with number is used to activate and deactivate of a given number. After entering the numbers and choosing activities, data must be sent to the analyzer by clicking SEND button. SMS messages contain the time of the event (acc. to the analyzer time, adjusted to local time) and the serial number of the analyzer. SMS alerts require active GSM modem for proper operation (with a SIM card).
53

Sonel Analysis 4 User Manual
4.4 SERIAL CONNECTION card
This card is available only in PQM-701Zr. This window allows user to change the settings of the serial port in PQM-701Zr. The user may change: parity (even, odd, none), flow control (disabled or hardware) the number of stop bits (1 or 2), bit rate (range from 2400 to 921600 bit/s). The change is made immediately after CHANGE button is pressed and the connection is not interrupted (as is the case with the RS-232 connection). Settings cannot be changed if the connection to the analyzer is made via an external GSM modem.
Fig. 38. Changing the settings of the serial port in PQM-701Zr.
4.5 Additional settings card ADDITIONAL SETTINGS card includes two elements: LANGUAGE selection list that allows user to set the language used on the analyzer screen.
Language selection of the analyzer’s interface is not available for PQM-700, PQM-701(Z, Zr) and PQM-707. You can select from the following languages:
Polish, English, English American (with date format MM/DD/YYYY), German, Russian, Ukrainian, Chinese Simplified, Chinese Traditional.
54

4 Analyzer Settings HEATER ENABLED button is used for switching on/off the heater that heats the interior of the analyzer when ambient temperatures are below 0C. When the analyzer is activated in temperature below zero, it controls the temperature inside the analyzer by enabling the heater to maintain the temperature inside above 0C. This results primarily from the need to provide positive temperature to built-in lithium-ion battery, as charging the battery in temperatures below zero Celsius is not allowed.
Fig. 39. Language and heater settings. Note: The heater should always be activated. The heater may be turned off only when the analyzer is operated at a temperature above 0°C or when it is necessary to reduce the power consumed by the analyzer, e.g. during measurements with voltage transformers, from which the analyzer is to be supplied.
55

Sonel Analysis 4 User Manual
5 Analyzer database
Select from the main menu OPTIONSANALYZER DATABASE – here you may add or edit existing analyzers (Fig. 40).
Only analyzers entered by the user into the database will be displayed in the selection box when searching analyzers via radio. Serial number entered into the database must match the serial number of the analyzer, which you want to connect with. Analyzers with other serial numbers are rejected by the program and not shown in the selection window (it does not apply to USB search).
Column AUTO PIN informs, whether the program requires PIN code before transmission. If the box is disabled, the user will be required to enter PIN.
In addition, the user may activate the option of reminding about the need for re-calibration. The manufacturer specifies the time after which the user should perform a calibration of the instrument, in order to maintain its declared accuracy. The accuracy degrades due to the ageing of components. To unlock this feature, select option CERTIFICATE OF CALIBRATION. If it is checked, then the following lists are active VALIDITY PERIOD and REMIND BEFORE. They are used for: VALIDITY PERIOD (may be set at 6, 12, 18 or 24 months) ­ it defines the frequency of instrument
calibration, REMIND BEFORE (may be set at week, two weeks, month) ­ it specifies the period for which the
program is required to generate the reminding message. Checking the list of analyzers for validity of their calibration certificate occurs during start-up of Sonel Analysis ­ a window is displayed appear with a reminder.
Fig. 40. Analyzer database.
The remaining columns in the table: CALIBRATION DATE indicates the date of last calibration, DESCRIPTION – brief text description related to the analyzer, DATE OF CALIBRATION ­ the date of analyzer’s calibration as set by the user,
56

5 Analyzer database AUTO PIN? ­ if checked it means that the user doesn’t have to enter the analyzer’s PIN each time when connecting (the PIN is stored in database), SIM ACTIVE? ­ indicates whether the SIM card is correctly configured in the analyzer (applies to analyzers with a built-in GSM modem and is set after correct connection of the analyzer via GSM), GSM IP address – the IP address of the analyzer in GSM network is displayed (in analyzers with built-in GSM modem and PQM-701Zr), Wi-Fi IP address ­ the IP address of the analyzer in Wi-Fi network (local or Internet) (applies only to PQM-710 and PQM-711 analyzers),
Clicking ADD enables user to add an analyzer – as shown in Fig. 41. Please select a model analyzer, enter its serial number and optional description. The calibration date may be also entered and the program will use it to alert the user before the expiry date of the calibration certificate. Changing PIN code and all of communication settings (Wi-Fi and GSM) is possible only after connecting to the analyzer.
REMOVE icon allows the user to delete the selected analyzer from the database (after confirming it by the user).
EDIT icon allows the user to change the parameters of the analyzer and configuration of the communication parameters.
When editing selected analyzer click CHANGE PIN button to change its PIN. The new code must be entered twice and then accepted.
Fig. 41. Adding an analyzer to the database.
57

Sonel Analysis 4 User Manual
5.1 GSM connection settings
In case of analyzers with built-in GSM modem, it is necessary to properly configure the parameters to connect the analyzer to a GSM network and allow connection of Sonel Analysis with a remote analyzer. To do this, click CHANGE GSM SETTINGS button. Two main applications of this function are available:
Configuring the analyzer to operate in a GSM network (first activation of this function in the analyzer requires to connect the analyzer via USB)
Adding a remote analyzer to the database (when analyzer has already configured connection to GSM network (offline)).
In the first case, enter the following data in the appropriate fields: Static IP number assigned to your SIM card, The name of the access point (APN), User name and password (not always required). After confirming the settings, a window will be displayed to enter the PIN code of SIM card.
Then, if the SIM card is inserted, the analyzer will initiate the procedure to log into GSM network, applying specified settings. All parameters should be provided by the SIM card provider.
In the second case, the analyzer may be in another location. In order to connect to the analyzer, the user must know its IP address. Adding the analyzer to the database is carried out as follows:
Click CHANGE GSM SETTINGS button. “Search window” will be displayed – click ‘Cancel’. Message “The analyzer is not connected” will be displayed with a panel for GSM settings
in offline mode, in order to enter the IP number of the analyzer (Fig. 42). Enter the IP address of the remote analyzer and click ‘OK’. You may try to connect to the analyzer (e.g. by using option CONNECT SELECTED or by
applying the standard method). Please note that the application searches analyzers via the Internet only if you selected TCP/IP OVER GSM option in program settings.
Using the procedure shown above, the user may add PQM-701Zr (with an external GSM modem) to the database of analyzers. Modem configuration is performed using the software provided by the manufacturer of the modem.
58

5 Analyzer database

Fig. 42. Entering GSM settings in the analyzer database.

5.2

Wi-Fi settings

The PQM-710 and PQM-711 analyzers are equipped with Wi-Fi module that can be used for wireless communication with the analyzer. In the analyzer database the user can input all the needed parameters for setting a proper connection of Sonel Analysis software with the analyzer.
This is the purpose of the configuration panel that appears after selecting CHANGE WI-FI SETTINGS button.
There are two distinct modes for this panel:
online mode ­ when analyzer is connected to the application while editing options in this panel. In this mode all available parameters can be set. This mode is used to change the configuration that is saved by the analyzer, and also the parameters used by Sonel Analysis software for communication. It is mainly used for initial configuration of analyzer for operation in Wi-Fi network.
offline mode ­ when analyzer is not connected (e.g. it is in remote location). In this mode no new configuration data is sent to the analyzer, and only parameters used by Sonel Analysis can be modified. This mode is used when user wants to add a new analyzer to the database, which already is configured for Wi-Fi operation. This mode is indicated by the “(offline)” word on top of the configuration panel. If the user wants to change parameters in offline mode, and is already connected to the analyzer, the connection has to be terminated
first, and then CHANGE WI-FI SETTINGS button has to be clicked. In the opened window with found analyzers the cancel button must be selected. A message “Analyzer is not connected” will be displayed and then a configuration panel in offline mode will be opened.
Offline mode is applicable only when the analyzer operates in the mode of Wi- Fi client.

59

Sonel Analysis 4 User Manual 5.2.1 Configuring Wi-Fi in the Access Point mode.
To configure the analyzer for operation in the Access Point mode, press CHANGE WI-FI SETTINGS and set the operating mode switch to ACCESS POINT. The displayed window will look like the one in Fig. 43. In field NETWORK NAME (SSID) enter the name of the Access Point, which will be distributed by the analyzer. If for some reason you are not satisfied with the default Wi-Fi channel (channel 10), you may change it by ending SSID name with “_chXX”, where XX is the channel number in the range of 1…13. Then it is necessary to set the PASSWORD for the access point ­ it should be entered twice in the fields below. The password must contain at least 8 characters.
Pressing RESTORE DEFAULTS button restores the factory settings of the analyzer, specified in its manual.
After approving the settings with OK button, the analyzer restarts the Wi-Fi module and activates the Access Point with the specified settings. It is now possible to connect to a PC with a Wi-Fi network distributed by the analyzer, and then establish a connection with Sonel Analysis software. 5.2.2 Configuring Wi-Fi in Client mode
To configure the analyzer for operation in the Wi-Fi client mode, press CHANGE WI-FI SETTINGS and set the operating mode switch to CLIENT. If the analyzer is connected to Sonel Analysis, then the displayed window will look as shown in Fig. 44 (online mode). In the online mode configuration can be performed in the following way:
Enter the following data: the access point name (SSID field) and in case of a secured network tick MODIFY box and enter the password (KEY field). In case of a non-secured network, KEY field remains empty, but MODIFY box must be ticked.
Fig. 43. Wi-Fi setup screen in online mode (access point in the analyzer).
60

5 Analyzer database
Fig. 44. Wi-Fi configuration screen in online mode (client mode).
Select the method for assigning IP address. In case of manual mode – enter appropriate values into fields: IP ADDRESS , NET MASK and GATEWAY. In automatic mode, select DHCP.
PORT field is not editable, it is always 4002. In case of operating in other subnetworks (the Internet), fill-in EXTERNAL IP ADDRESS and
EXTERNAL PORT fields. For a direct connection (tablet analyzer), and for working in a local network (tablet Wi-Fi router analyzer) these fields must be left inactive. These settings are used only by Sonel Analysis when connecting to the analyzer ­ they are not stored in the analyzer memory. Confirm the settings by pressing OK. This will send new data entered in fields: SSID, Key, IP configuration, to the analyzer. If the correct data have been entered, the analyzer will try to connect to Wi-Fi Access Point. After disconnecting, the connection status may be followed on screen <10/10>. The following procedure applies to offline mode, when the analyzer was previously configured, and there is a need to add it to the database and enter IP address and port, under which the analyzer Wi-Fi interface is available. These parameters are required to connect with the analyzers working in a different subnetwork than the tablet (computer), especially for connecting to the Internet. It is not necessary to enter these parameters if the analyzer is connected to the same network as the PC. To properly configure the connection, the following elements will be required: EXTERNAL IP ADDRESS and EXTERNAL PORT. Configure the analyzer in the following manner: Select the appropriate analyzer from the database and click EDIT or use ADD button to add it to the database. In case of operating in other subnetworks (the Internet), fill-in EXTERNAL IP ADDRESS and EXTERNAL PORT fields. Confirm the settings by pressing OK.
61

Sonel Analysis 4 User Manual
Fig. 45. Example configuration when the analyzer is connected via another network (offline mode).
62

6 Live mode
6 Live mode
Note: Live mode is not available in MPI-540 and MPI-540-PV. To enter the live mode, click LIVE MODE icon. If the connection to the analyzer has not been previously established, the program goes first to the connection screen (see chapter 2.1). In this mode, the screen is divided into a few tabs: WAVEFORMS ­ it presents waveforms of current and voltages as in a oscilloscope, TIMEPLOT ­ presents RMS values of voltage and current as a timeline, MEASUREMENTS ­ instantaneous values of measured parameters (phase and total values), PHASOR DIAGRAM ­ graphical representation of phasors of fundamental voltage and current components, HARMONICS ­ view of harmonic components of individual phases for currents and voltages, INTERHARMONICS ­ view of interharmonic components of individual phases for currents and voltages, The more detailed description of individual tabs is given below.
6.1 Waveforms
The voltage and current waveforms presents two mains periods, as they would be seen on the oscilloscope screen. A sample screen is shown in Fig. 46. The graphs are refreshed instantaneously, allowing user to view the mains parameters in real time. All channels are presented in a single graph.
Fig. 46. Live mode screen ­ waveforms. 63

Sonel Analysis 4 User Manual

The buttons

above the diagram are used to enable/disable displaying of a chosen

voltage/current channel. Buttons next to the boxes are used to change the color of presented

waveforms.

The graph may be freely expanded in both axes. In the corners of the window there are four

buttons , which activate displaying a window thumbnail with actually displayed area marked in

orange. The thumbnail is displayed in one of the four corners of the window, depending on the

button used. Four buttons marked by the magnifying glass icon are used for zooming-in and –

out . Buttons are used to select the maximum or minimum zoom of a selected axis. Mouse

scrolling wheel may be also used for zooming-in and out. Using the scrolling wheel closer to the

vertical edge of the window results in zooming-in of Y-axis, whereas using the scrolling wheel closer

to horizontal edge – zooming-in of X-axis.

Zoom the selected area by holding down SHIFT button (the mouse pointer changes to a cross)

and select the desired area with the mouse.

It is also possible to move the selected area within the graph. To do so, hold CTRL key (the

cursor changes to a hand) and holding the left mouse button, move the display area.

The time scale (X-axis) is updated basing on the measured frequency value (e.g. from 0 to

40 ms for 50 Hz).

Two independent descriptions of Y-axis values are presented. For example, the user may

display values in volts (for voltage channels) on the left axis, and in amperes (for current channels)

on the right axis. Descriptions of axes are controlled by selection lists . These lists may include

the following items:

ALL V ­ when more than one voltage channel is measured. In this situation, one scale is

selected for all the voltage waveforms, and the waveforms are scaled,

ALL A ­ when more than one current channel is measured. In this situation, one scale is

selected for all the current waveforms, and the waveforms are scaled,

a separate entry for each measured channels. If the user selects this element from the list,

then the screen displays a scale for the selected channel (it may be adjusted automatically or

manually if the range was set by the user).

Note: If the graph presents other waveforms (voltage or current depending on the

selected scale) then their actual amplitude does not correspond to the indicated scale.

The scale applies only to the selected waveform.

The scale is selected: statically – the upper scale range is set at the value close to the nominal voltage or maximum
probe range, dynamically – the graphs are automatically scaled to the highest instantaneous value of the
waveform.
manually ­ to do this use SET SCALE button, and then choose waveform(s) for which the scale is to be set manually, disabling the automatic mode and this activity will unlock the options of
editing the minimum and maximum values of the axis. After clicking SET button, the scale of a given waveform is updated.

Switching between static and dynamic scaling mode is available after clicking the right mouse button on the graph: the context menu includes the following options: SET SCALE TO NOMINAL VALUE (for voltage) or SET SCALE TO PROBE RANGE (for current) and SET SCALE AUTOMATICALLY, both for voltage and current values. After turning the program on, auto-scaling is turned off.

64

6 Live mode 6.1.1 Synchronization of waveforms in LIVE mode
If the analyzer is able to receive a GPS signal (in unfavourable locations it is recommended to use a dedicated 10m external antenna, offered as an additional accessory), there is a possibility of a very precise synchronization of the analyzer with the clock of GPS system. The synchronization is indicated by green colour of the clock on the LCD of the analyzer or by green colour of time in ANALYZER SETTINGS window. Time synchronization is an essential condition and basis for a waveforms synchronization function in LIVE mode. Every 30 seconds in every minute i.e. at xx:00 and xx:30 of each minute, the phase shifts of waveforms are ‘frozen’, which is additionally indicated by a characteristic start of the waveform marked by a vertical marker (see Fig. 47; first sample of voltage waveforms has a large amplitude equal to the peak value ­ this sample is only an indication not the actual value of the voltage). This indicator clearly informs about the status of waveform image synchronization with the GPS.
After activating two separate copies of Sonel Analysis and connecting with two different analyzers in LIVE mode, the images of waveforms shown on the screen at the same time for 30 seconds are synchronized with each other. By comparing the positions of L1 voltage signals, it may be unambiguously determined whether U L1 test leads are connected to the same phase (assuming, of course, that both analyzers are connected to the same supply/distribution network) ­ the same applies to L2 and L3 voltages. Assuming that one of the analyzers connected in accordance with the description of line conductors is considered as the reference analyzer, then the second analyzer synchronized basing on the comparison of indications identifies unambiguously any errors in connections or descriptions.
Fig. 47. LIVE mode waveform synchronization ­ the marker of GPS synchronization is visible.
Only after adjusting the connections and obtaining full compliance of waveform images, the full compatibility of the connection between two analyzers may be guaranteed. This is a necessary
65

Sonel Analysis 4 User Manual condition for the simultaneous multipoint diagnosis that allows user to compare individual parameter values between the measuring points.
If the GPS signal is not available and the time of the analyzer is not synchronized with it, the behaviour of the graph of waveforms returns to normal operation, i.e. the graph starts with a rising crossing of the zero point of the reference phase.
6.2 Timeplots
Fig. 48 presents the screen with current and voltage timeplot. The configuration elements are identical as those in the waveform screen: its upper part includes controls for switching on/off the display of current/voltage; changing the color of waveforms; zooming-in and the vertical axis.
The time scale is shown in the graph from the moment to entering the Live mode. The time format is mm:ss. After reaching the end of the window, the entire graph shifts to the left by 30 seconds. There is also an option to clear the graph tab in FILECLEAR. After clearing the screen, the timescale on the plot is shown from the moment of this operation.
The graph is updated regardless of whether the tab is enabled or not, i.e. waveforms are generated in the background, despite viewing for example harmonics.
As in case of waveforms, the user may apply the static scaling (according to the general settings of the measurement configuration) or dynamic scaling.
Fig. 48. Graph with values in real time.
66

6 Live mode
6.3 Measurements MEASUREMENTS tab provides a view of a range of parameters of the measured mains. Fig. 49
presents an example of a screen that shows a summary table of values read from the analyzer and displayed in real time. In the following rows the individual parameters are grouped into several categories: VOLTAGE ­ RMS voltage U, DC component UDC, frequency f, CURRENT ­ RMS current I, DC component IDC , POWER ­ active power P, reactive power QB (according to the Budeanu theory) or non-
fundamental apparent power Q1 (acc. to IEEE 1459), apparent power S, distortion power D (acc. to Budeanu) or distortion apparent power SN (acc. to IEEE 1459), ENERGY ­ consumed active energy EP+ and reactive active energy EP-, reactive energies EQ (acc. to Budeanu or IEEE 1459, 4-quadrant or consumed and supplied), apparent energy ES , FACTORS ­ Power Factor PF, Displacement Power Factor/cos, tan factor (or 4-quadrant factors), THD for voltage and current, Crest Factors for voltage and current, flicker PST and PLT , UNBALANCE ­ for voltage: zero sequence component U0, positive sequence component U1 and negative sequence component U2, negative sequence unbalance u2, zero sequence unbalance u0; or current: zero sequence component I0, positive sequence component I1 and negative sequence component I2, negative sequence unbalance i2, zero sequence unbalance i0. TEMPERATURE ­ it indicates the temperature of the external sensor (Sonel ST-2) in degrees Celsius. The temperature sensor may be connected only to PQM-702T.
Fig. 49. Indications of phase and total values 67

Sonel Analysis 4 User Manual
Each group may be enabled/disabled independently of the other groups and column background color may be changed using the buttons in the top of the screen.
When the program is started for the first time, the following parameters are shown: voltage, current, power and factor.
Using preferences the user may change the colors of groups and select groups to be displayed (see sec. 8.3.3).
Parameter values are displayed in the consecutive columns, marked as follows: L1 ­ L1 phase in circuits with a neutral conductor N L2 ­ L2 phase in circuits with a neutral conductor N, L3 ­ L3 phase in circuits with neutral conductor N, N-PE ­ values of parameters in the N-PE voltage channel or in IN current channel, L1-2 ­ L1 phase in circuits without neutral conductor (with phase-to- phase voltages), L2-3 ­ L2 phase in circuits without neutral conductor (with phase-to-phase voltages), L3-1 ­ L3 phase in circuits without neutral conductor (with phase-to-phase voltages), TOTAL ­ the total value of the entire system or the average value of the phase values.
For example, for a three-phase system with N conductor, the phase parameters values are displayed in columns L1, L2, L3. If the measurement of N-PE voltage and/or IN current is enabled in the configuration, then in N-PE column the analyzer displays also parameter values calculated for this case. TOTAL column displays the total values for the whole system.
In case of delta systems, the phase values are displayed in columns L1-2, L2-3, L3-1 and TOTAL.
If the current limit function is activated for currents below the threshold (CURRENT LIMIT option), the zeroed values are marked with an asterisk (*).
Note In some mains configurations it is not possible to calculate (measure) the values of some parameters. For example, in a delta three-phase system, it is impossible to calculate the cos displacement power factor between current and voltage, as the measured voltage is phase-to-phase voltage,
and the measured current is line current which is a vector sum of two phase currents.
When in a given mains configuration a selected parameter is not calculated, the screen displays “—” instead of its value.
In the right part of the tab, the user may additionally define the calculation method for THD and TID (list THD AND HARMONICS VALUES RELATIVE TO): in relation to fundamental component (THDF/ TIDF) or RMS value (THDR/ TIDR).
6.3.1 Energy costs calculator
On the right side, in MEASUREMENT tab (see Fig. 49), a button is available for ENERGY COST CALCULATOR. After clicking the lower part of the window, a table with TARIFF CALCULATOR is displayed, which shows energy values of the current session (from opening tab MEASUREMENTS) and energy costs by three tariffs configured in the program settings. Energy is counted by the calculator as long as window LIVE MODE is open. The basis for calculating is total active energy input (EP+).
68

6 Live mode To analyze and create reports on energy consumption based on recorded data use the module
for reporting energy costs which is in the data analysis section (see sec 7.4.5).
6.4 Phasor diagrams
Phasor diagram (Fig. 50) is used to present the vectors of fundamental voltage and current components. Angles between the vectors correspond to the angles of phase shift between individual phases. A table with numerical values is displayed on the left side of the graph. Individual rows of the table present: UH1 ­ amplitudes of voltage fundamental components, U_H1 ­ angles of voltage fundamental components in relation to L1 voltage fundamental
component (in angle degrees), IH1 ­ amplitudes of current fundamental components, I_H1 ­ angles of current fundamental components in relation to L1 voltage fundamental
components (in angle degrees), U,I_H1 ­ angles between voltage and current vectors (U ­ I) for a given phase (not available
in 3-wire systems), TYPE ­ the type of a receiver, indicated by a coil symbol for inductive load or a capacitor symbol
for capacitive load (unavailable in 3-wire systems). Above the diagram are the on/off buttons for VOLTAGE , CURRENT, angle U,I and a load TYPE. In addition, the user may change the default background color of the table for these groups.
Fig. 50. Phasor diagram for wye connection.
69

Sonel Analysis 4 User Manual
The vector angles are referenced to UL1 vector angle which is always = 0°. The vector amplitude scaling takes place automatically in relation to the highest value, independently for voltage and current.
On the diagram two buttons are present for turning the phasor diagram by 90 clockwise or counter-clockwise.
In the bottom right part, button PROBES SETUP is shown, which initiates a window for changing phase of probes (shown in Fig. 50).
Below the PROBES SETUP button there is a control panel for checking correct connection of the analyzer to the tested network/system. This panel displays five indicators that user may use to quickly perform a visual check of the analyzer connection. The displayed indicators correspond to the indicators displayed on the screen of the analyzer (this applies to the PQM702/703/707/710/711; a detailed description is in the manuals of those analyzers). The indicators are as follows:
URMS ­ RMS voltage, IRMS ­ RMS currents,
U ­ angles of voltage vectors (fundamental components), I ­ angles of current vectors (fundamental components),
f ­ frequency. Green icon indicates the correctness of the parameter, red ­ probable error in connection or configuration. The icon with a question mark indicate ambiguous situation ­ correctness or incorrectness cannot be determined with certainty.
6.5 Harmonics
PQM-700 and PQM-707 analyzers do not measure the K factor. Additionally, the PQM-700 analyzer has no function for measuring active and reactive power harmonics ­ this analyzer measures harmonics only up to the 40-th.
Harmonics tab enables user to view harmonic values in voltage and current, active and reactive harmonics power, THD and K-factor. A typical screen is shown in Fig. 51. Parameters are displayed for one phase, which is selected by buttons on the right.
A bar graph with harmonics is displayed in the central part of the screen: from DC component, through the first component up to the 50th.
MEASUREMENT list on the right side of the window allows selecting one of two options: VOLTAGE, CURRENT­ displays the voltage and current harmonics, HARMONICS POWER ­ displays active and reactive harmonics power.
On the left and right side of the graph, axes are displayed and marked with units corresponding to the chosen mode: VOLTAGE, CURRENT – left side is assigned to voltage axis, while the right side is to current axis. In HARMONICS POWER mode, on the left side, the axis of active power is located, while on the right the axis of reactive power. This arrangement may be changed, using the lists above the axes.
The tables below the bar graph present (from the left): THD factors, K-factors (only in VOLTAGE, CURRENT mode),
70

6 Live mode

Fig. 51. Harmonics on 2D graph.

a table with numerical values showing the following parameters:
o U – voltage harmonics magnitudes (including DC) (only in the VOLTAGE, CURRENT view),
o I – current harmonics magnitudes (including DC) (only in the VOLTAGE, CURRENT view),
o P – harmonics active powers (only in HARMONICS POWER view),
o Q – harmonics reactive powers (only in HARMONICS POWER view), o cos()U,I – displacement power factors of harmonics, o U,I – phase angles between voltage and current harmonics (U – I), o U – absolute phase angles of voltage harmonics in reference to the voltage fundamental
angle (harmonics of order 2 and higher). Fundamental angle is shown in reference to the L1 voltage phase angle, similar as in the phasor screen. o I – absolute phase angles of current harmonics in reference to the voltage fundamental angle (harmonics of order 2 and higher). Fundamental angle is shown in reference to the L1 voltage phase angle, similar as in the phasor screen.

The user has the access to two settings:

THD AND HARMONICS RELATIVE TO ­ two options are available: relative to RMS or to the first

harmonics (this option is active only after selecting the percentage unit ­ see below),

HARMONICS UNIT ­ here also two options are available: in absolute units [V], [A], or as

percentage values.

A right-click on the graph in VOLTAGE, CURRENT mode, displays a context menu with the following options: SET SCALE ACCORDING TO NOMINAL (for voltage) or SET SCALE ACCORDING TO PROBES RANGE
(for current). Use this option to re-scale the harmonics bars and adapts them to the graph window height, taking into account the nominal value,
71

Sonel Analysis 4 User Manual SET SCALE AUTOMATICALLY. This feature automatically adjusts the scale. VOLTAGE LIMITS (option available only for voltage harmonics and after selecting percentage
display). This option results in imposing harmonics limits defined in the default standard (the default standard and its limits are determined in PROGRAM SETTINGS, in section RECORDING SETTINGS STANDARD DEFAULT SETTINGS, see also sec. 8.3.2). HIDE FIRST HARMONIC. This option turns on/off the plot containing the fundamental harmonic.
Fig. 52. The screen with harmonic powers.
6.6 Interharmonics
PQM-700, PQM-701(Z, Zr) and PQM-707 have no option to measure interharmonic components. INTERHARMONICS tab enables the view of interharmonics values of voltage and current and TID factors. A sample screen is shown in Fig. 53. Parameters are displayed for one phase, which is selected by buttons on the right. In the central part of the window, a bar graph with interharmonics is presented: it ranges from the subharmonic group (0) through all other groups interharmonics up to the 50-th. On the left and right side of the graph, axes are displayed and marked with units corresponding to the chosen mode: VOLTAGE, CURRENT – left side is assigned to voltage axis, while the right side is to current axis. This arrangement may be changed, using the lists above the axes .
72

6 Live mode
The tables below the bar graph present (from the left): TID factors, a table with numerical values of interharmonics amplitudes for voltage and current.

Fig. 53. Interharmonics graph.

The user has the access to two settings:

TID AND INTERHARMONICS VALUES RELATIVE TO ­ two options are available: relative to RMS

or to the first (fundamental) harmonics,

INTERHARMONICS VALUES UNIT ­ here also two options are available: in absolute units [V],

[A], or as percentage values.

A right-click on the graph, displays a context menu with the following options:
SET SCALE ACCORDING TO NOMINAL (for voltage) or SET SCALE ACCORDING TO PROBES RANGE (for current). Use this option to re-scale the interharmonics bars and adapts them to the graph window height, taking into account the nominal value,
SET SCALE AUTOMATICALLY. This feature automatically adjusts the scale.

73

Sonel Analysis 4 User Manual
7 Data Analysis
The analysis block allows the user to read data collected by the analyzer during the recording, view numerical data and graphical visualization. The user may generate reports that in a clear manner describe the tested system.

described in sec. 7.1.1.

Reading data from MPI-540, MPI-540-PV and PQM-707 meters is

7.1 Reading data from the analyzer

After selecting analysis from the upper menu or clicking ANALYSIS icon, when no analyzerprogram connection is established, a standard connection procedure is launched to connect the analyzer and the program (sec. 2.1).
After correct connecting the analyzer to a PC, a window is displayed – as shown in Fig. 54 and data may be selected for downloading and further analysis. To do this, select the measurement configurations from which you want to download the data. On the right side of the bar representing the amount of stored data, the actual amount of data is displayed. To start downloading data from
the selected measuring configuration, click READ DATA button.

Fig. 54. Selecting data for read-out.
Select DELETE DATA AFTER READING option to delete data from the configuration, from which the data is read. Therefore, after pressing READ DATA button before the transmission, an appropriate warning message is displayed
Data may be deleted from the card at any time by entering ANALYZER menu and choosing the option of ANALYZERDELETE DATA. This action may be used to delete data of chosen measurement configurations (without changing their parameters) or to completely format the card.
During the data read-out, the status bar at the bottom of the window shows the download progress and CANCEL button, which may be used for stooping the process.
74

7 Data Analysis
PQM-702, PQM-703, PQM-710 and PQM-711 analyzers use the built-in mass storage mode to accelerate the readout of data via the USB connection. This mode is used when the amount of data to be downloaded exceeds 1 MB. If the amount of data is below that limit, a standard (slower) communication mode is used. Other analyzers use only standard communication mode.
Note When other, additional windows are also opened for displaying on-going (live)
data from the analyzer (e.g. LIVE MODE or CONTROL), the standard (slower) communication mode is used for data download. Before pressing READ DATA
button, close these additional windows in order to use the high-speed data reading mode.
After data read-out, a window is opened for saving the file .pqm7xx (the file extension depends on the analyzer model). In a file with this extension, the software saves identical copy of data read from the analyzer (not processed by the program). Saving this data is not required but highly recommended. Without this file performing a next analysis, basing on recorded data will require another data read-out from the analyzer (this is particularly important if the user reads the data from several measuring configurations – saving later file .analysis concerns only one measurement configuration selected for the analysis; data from other configurations need to be re-read). Saving file .pqm7xx will also allow you to create multiple analyses and .analysis files from a selected (reduced) period of time, which will reduce the size of these files.
Note When the user selected DELETE DATA AFTER READING option without saving data before proceeding to data analysis, the source data will be irreversibly lost. It will be possible to perform analysis and save data to a file with *.analysis extension only from one measuring configuration (selected for analysis), but you will be unable to fully use the source data for further analysis (e.g.
from different time range), or from another measuring configuration.

7.1.1

Reading data from MPI-540, MPI-540-PV and

PQM-707 devices

A method of reading data differs in a few aspects from the description in sec. 7.1. After selecting ANALYSIS option the menu, similarly to other analyzers, the procedure of connection with the analyzer is launched (if the connection is not established earlier). After a successful connection the window shown in Fig. 55 is di

References

• Sonel S.A.
• Sonel S.A.

Read User Manual Online (PDF format)

Read User Manual Online (PDF format)  >>

Download This Manual (PDF format)

Download this manual  >>