MICROCHIP AN4325 UHF ATA Product Application and Design User Guide
- June 9, 2024
- MICROCHIP
Table of Contents
AN4325
UHF ATA Product Application and Design Quick Reference
Guide
Introduction
This application note describes the application and design guidelines of the
ATA Ultra High Frequency (UHF) products. It is implicit to follow the
application and design rules from the user manual and data sheet, while the
information in the application note is helpful during the design process
specifically. Therefore, it is highly recommended to refer to this application
note while working on the application and design process of the ATA UHF
products. The topics can help to speed up the application and design process.
In addition, the application note also provides helpful guidelines while
designing the application for the following transceiver/receiver products:
- ATA5830, ATA5830N
- ATA5780, ATA5780N
- ATA5831, ATA5832, ATA5833 and ATA5835
- ATA5781, ATA5782, ATA5783, ATA5785 and ATA5787
- ATA8510, ATA8515
- ATA8210, ATA8215
- ATA8710
- ATA8535
- ATA8287
Quick references
1.1 Reference Documentation
- ATA5830/ATA5830N UHF ASK/FSK Transceiver Data Sheet (9208GX-RKE-09/15)
- ATA5780N UHF ASK/FSK Receiver Data Sheet (9207EX-RKE-09/15)
- ATA5831/ATA5832/ATA5833 UHF ASK/FSK Transceiver User Manual (9313GX-RKE-07/15)
- ATA5781/ATA5781N/ATA5782/ATA5783 UHF ASK/FSK Receiver User Manual (9314GX-KE-07/15)
- ATA5785 UHF ASK/FSK Receiver User Manual (9360BX-RKE-11/14)
- ATA5835 UHF ASK/FSK Transceiver User’s Guide (DS50003152A)
- ATA5787 UHF ASK/FSK Receiver User’s Guide (DS50003174A)
- ATA8510/ATA8515 Industrial User’s Guide (DS50003142A)
1.2 Acronyms and Abbreviations
Acronyms and Abbreviations | Description |
---|---|
DFIFO | Data FIFO |
EOT | End Of Telegram |
FIFO | First In First Out |
HVSP | High Voltage Serial Programing |
LNA | Low Noise Amplifier |
POR | Power-on-Reset |
RSSI | Radio Signal Strength Indicator |
SFIFO | Support FIFO |
SPDT | Single Pole Double Throw |
SPI | Serial Programming Interface |
SRAM | Static Random Access Memory |
UHF | Ultra High Frequency |
VS | Voltage Supply |
WDT | Watchdog Timer |
WUP | Wake-Up Pattern |
XTO | Crystal Oscillator |
System Behavior
2.1 RSSI Usage
The UHF products offer a digital Radio Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)
sampling, including history data, via the built-in 16-byte SFIFO buffer. Use
the RSSI to obtain the signal strength over the received message. It is
important to know that the transceiver/receiver starts the RSSI sampling
immediately with the start of the active phase (except for ATA5830(N) and
ATA5780(N)). Depending on the scenario and configuration, the buffer might be
filled with 16 RSSI samples from noise, before the system detects a FIFO
overflow. Therefore, the recommendation is to set the FIFO buffer
over/underflow error disable option in the EEPROM configuration. Otherwise, an
error is triggered, including for an IRQ event (optional), if an overflow
happens. The FIFO buffer is organized as a ring buffer. This results in
getting the RSSI values from the RF message, as the noise values are
overwritten. To get useful data in the RSSI buffer, set the sampling rate
according to the RF signal characteristics. Divide the number of transferred
bytes by 16, and set the next larger sample value for the RSSI update period
in the service configuration to get the RSSI characteristics of the whole RF
message. Apply the same calculation with the reduced number of bytes for the
signal strength of the payload. If the “stay in RX after EOT” option is
enabled (or applied), ensure that the SFIFO content is not overwritten.
2.2 FIFO Corruption
In case of a mode switching, consider the buffer content from the Data FIFO
(DFIFO) and Support FIFO (SFIFO). As the handling from the buffers differ,
ensure consistent content between the RX mode and TX mode. Switch from RX mode
to TX mode cautiously. There is no automatic clearance prior to the start of
the TX mode, which means that any remaining information in SFIFO or DFIFO
corrupts the transmission pattern. There are two options to clear the buffer
and get a known state:
- The first option is to read all data, as this will reduce the fill level by the number of bytes read. Continue with the next operation mode if you have read all data from the buffer.
- The second option is to trigger a clearance by writing the DFCLR.DFL and SFCLR.SFL bits to ‘ 1’.
During the start of the RX mode, the firmware takes care of a buffer reset;
therefore, there is no need for additional action. In the case of using the
Continuous Receive mode, the user must carefully handle the buffer content. In
Continuous Receiver mode, the device does not stop the reception after the End
Of Telegram (EOT). Multiple message reception can lead to an overflow of the
buffer, and this overflow can trigger an error event if it is not disabled in
the EEPROM configuration. In addition, unprocessed data can be overwritten.
Handle the data carefully to achieve a stable application.
2.3 Antenna Damping (RSSI Accuracy)
The transceiver or receiver supports strong RF signals in the application with
an automatic damping to avoid saturation of the internal Low Noise Amplifier
(LNA). Except for ATA5835 and ATA5787, the damping function is implemented in
the Single Pole Double Throw (SPDT). The internal firmware corrects the RSSI
calculation according to the state of the damping. Take care of the signal
strength correction in the absence of SPDT, as the device does not detect SPDT
usage. For the two products mentioned earlier, the damping is realized via LNA
gain reduction, irrespective of whether the built-in-switch is used or not.
2.4 GPIO Driver Strength
The technical documentation of the UHF products specifies the current for a
voltage drop of 10%. All GPIO pins from the supported products are protected
against shortage. Therefore, larger current can be driven if a higher voltage
drop is accepted. Calculate the available current and the corresponding
voltage drop by calculating the RDS(on) with the given parameters from the
data sheet.
Note: A shortage of multiple GPIO pins can lead to thermal overstress and
damage the product.
2.5 Consistency Check
Reading the version of the product right after the start of the application
system is recommended. This ensures that the right product with the right
version is used. In addition to the version, reading the product ID from the
NVM memory (EEPROM) is recommended also.
2.6 Considering Reset Behavior
The following are the three different ways to set or keep the product’s Reset
state:
- Power-on-Reset (POR)
- External Reset (NRESET)
- Watchdog Reset (WDR)
For the reset behavior, two states must be distinguished. The first one is
that the device is in the OFF state. In this case, the device will not react
to a reset and stays in the OFF mode. In the second state, the device is
active.
This happens if any wake conditions were triggered in the past and no reset or
OFF mode instruction was triggered. The Microchip ATA UHF products can be set
or kept in the Reset state in three different ways. Power-on-Reset (POR),
External Reset (NRESET) and the Watchdog Reset (WDR) are available. The source
that triggers the reset is available in the MCUSR register and, after the
reset, the device will temporarily stay awake. During the system
initialization, the firmware checks if a valid wake source is available or
not. If the wake source is unavailable, the device is set to the OFF mode. If
the application is reset, the device is not responsive to the main μC because
no wake source is available after a reset. For a robust application, it is
essential for the main µC to detect a reset of the ATA UHF product. For the
NRESET as reset source, the main µC is the initiator of the event, which means
it is a known event. The situation is similar if a POR reset happens. The main
µC must be able to detect this event.
The situation becomes difficult in the case of a WDR. Without a valid wake
source, the main μC is not aware of this reset and the subsequent OFF mode. In
this situation, the main µC and the ATA UHF device are not synchronized
because the main µC does not detect the WDR event. Use the OFF mode behavior
of the wake pins to identify the WDR. In the OFF mode, all the I/O pins,
except for the one with wake capability and NRESET, will be in tri-state.
NPWRONx pins and NRESET are pulled to high level in the OFF mode. For example,
configure the PC1 at a low level during normal operation, and a high
transition indicates the OFF mode. The main µC can detect this.
Notes:
- The NRESET pin is pulled to high, independent of the state of the ATA UHF product (Off or Active). It is necessary to have a defined level for the NRESET pin, independent of the main µC state. This is documented in the user manual.
- As the NRESET functionality is essential for operation and program, only use the reset disable fuse (RSTDISBL) with the highest attention as this can block the system from further access via ISP or HVSP (High Voltage Serial Programing).
2.7 System Event Monitoring
Microchip ATA UHF products can work in different operation modes. Knowing the
current mode is helpful for robust application design. The active operation
mode is stored in the SystemModeConfig register copy located in the SRAM.
Whenever a mode change is triggered, the register is updated. The content of
this register is described in the data sheet or the user manual. The address
of the register for the different products is shown in the following table:
Product | Name | SRAM Address |
---|---|---|
ATA5830, ATA5830N, ATA5780,ATA5780N | TC2 | 0x01D9 |
ATA5835, ATA5785, ATA8535,ATA8287 | trxConf. systemModeConfig | 0x02E0 |
ATA5785 | trxConf. systemModeConfig | 0x02E3 |
ATA5831, ATA5832, ATA5833, ATA5781, ATA5782, ATA5783, ATA8510, ATA8515,
ATA8210, ATA8215, ATA8710| trxConf.
systemModeConfig| 0x02FB
Configuration Guidelines
Microchip offers a configuration tool to set up the characteristics of the ATA
UHF products. The configuration can be stored in a .hex file and programmed to
the EEPROM memory (except ATA5785).
3.1 GPIO Functionality
Some of the GPIO pins from ATA UHF products support multiple functions. Ensure
that the port direction selected via the EEPROM device configuration matches
the desired alternate function. For example, if using the TRPA signal for
debugging, ensure the I/O pin is configured to be an output. Failure to follow
this step might obstruct the expected function. The EEPROM configuration tool
monitors the selection and indicates any mistake in the log window or by
special marking of the function. Monitor the tool to detect the problem and
find a solution.
3.2 Event Notification
Ensure there is a proper event notification configuration for an application.
This includes all application-specific events, like a notification of the EOT,
and general system events, like a power-on event (SYS_RDY) and error event
(SYS_ERR). The system events identify specific events and give the capability
to react on it, for example, an unexpected undervoltage below 1.9V followed by
restoring of target voltage. This scenario triggers a POR, and is indicated by
a system ready flag (SYS_RDY). Without the SYS_RDY event activated, this event
cannot be detected and the application might get stuck in an unexpected state
if the host controller does not react to the event. Another example is the
occurrence of an unexpected system error. Without the SYS_ERR event activated,
the system can be in an undefined state. Activated system events help during
unexpected events by appropriately reacting and, therefore, help in designing
a robust application.
3.3 Updating Recommended Values
Consider adapting other parameters for the application while tuning parameters
like frequency, receiver bandwidth and data rate. Based on the input, the
EEPROM configuration tool calculates recommended values for a particular
parameter. Therefore, set the recommended values according to the new setup to
ensure a proper operation.
Note: The recommended values ensure that the application is working. Fine
tuning might be required during validation to meet all the requirements.
3.4 Bytes, Bits and Symbols
Bytes, bits and symbols are used in Microchip’s product naming conventions.
Ensure bits and bytes are used appropriately, as the coding can be different
for both, for example, in Manchester coding where 1 bit is coded by two
symbols.
The following are some of the important functions that use symbol-based data
handling:
- SFIFO usage as preamble buffer in TX mode
- WUP and SFID pattern definition in EEPROM configuration
- Signal check size setup in EEPROM configuration
- Carrier check parameter in EEPROM configuration
- Run-In and stop sequence Pattern in RX mode and TX mode
In transmit mode, the data FIFO is loaded byte-wise with the raw data. The configured coding is done in HW and handled automatically from the system. In receive mode, the received data will be decoded automatically from the HW, if it is enabled in the configuration. The resultant raw data are loaded to the data FIFO.
Design Guidelines
4.1 NRESET Control
It is required to have the connection and control of the NRESET pin. The main
μC must be capable to trigger/restart the whole system when the UHF device
does not perform accordingly. Under normal conditions this does not occur, but
this can happen in the case of an Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) or any other
external event. An unexpected and unpredictable external event can influence
the system. Be sure to have control over the power supply of the UHF device if
the NRESET functionality is not available or cannot be used. In this case, the
main µC can apply a Power-on-Reset (POR).
4.2 Wake-up Control
In most applications, the UHF device from Microchip acts as a peripheral,
controlled from central device. The central must handle the Wake-up source, to
ensure proper conditions for the RF device. With this approach, proper supply
conditions are present prior to the UHF part activation. Another advantage of
this approach is that the start-up order is kept. The UHF device can operate
with voltage down to 1.9-2.0V. That means, the UHF device can operate in a
voltage range where the main μC is still not operative. Be sure to maintain
control over the Wake-up to avoid unexpected effects in such situations.
4.3 Test Pads
A test pad at every available GPIO pin is recommended for debugging the
application. A test pad can be used for verification or system optimization,
even if it is not used in the application. It is suggested to have the 6-pin
In-System Programming (ISP) header for in-system programming or debugging.
4.4 Use the Watchdog Timer
The embedded Watchdog Timer (WDT) provides an additional level of security.
Using the feature to detect unexpected behavior of the application is
recommended, especially when using the personal User Flash application
software. The WDT can also be used if the system enters the Sleep mode. The
user can achieve the periodical wake
up feature via the internal wake up Timer0 .
4.5 Memory Access
It can be helpful to implement this feature into the main μC even if the SRAM,
the hardware register or all addresses of the EEPROM are not read in the final
application from the customer. It can be necessary to read the additional data
from the peripheral for debugging or optimizing the application.
4.6 Crystal Oscillator (XTO) Selection
All parameters in the data sheet are validated with the XTO frequency 24.305
MHz. This frequency was identified as usable for the typical applicable RF
bands. However, it is possible to select another XTO frequency according to
the specified parameter in the data sheet. If using another XTO frequency,
verify and validate the following parameters:
- XTO harmonic influences to the RF
- System timings
- Interface timings
- Start-up behavior (in case of using other parameter or form factor)
For more details on how to calculate influences of the specified XTO
frequency, refer to the AN3716_UHF_CrystalSelection Application Note.
4.7 RF Matching Network
Leaving footprint space for some spare matching elements during the design
phase for the RF matching task is recommended. Depending on the complexity of
the analog circuit, the task becomes much easier with the availability of
additional components. Even if the additional components are not required in
the final application, it is better to
have them available instead of re-designing the PCB to reach the target
performance. For more details on matching practices, refer to the RF Matching
Recommendation Application Note (DS00004061A and DS00003566A).
4.8 Suppressing Unwanted Signals
The UHF products provide strong suppression against unwanted signals. This
covers radiated signals as well as the external signals. Preparing the design
for shielding while dealing with strict requirements is recommended to provide
the capability later without requiring a redesign, even if not required in the
final application.
4.9 API usage
Using API function calls is highly recommended when using a user Flash
application inside the UHF product. This ensures that the handling of the
internal flags is according to the product specification. For example, if the
events are accessed and modified in a direct way, they can end up in a
corrupted state of the flags. Submit a support request for assistance through
www.microchip.com/support in case
there is a need to control the device without API functions.
4.10 External Static Wake for Software Development
Having HW-based wake-up capability is recommended while developing user Flash
software for the transceiver, transmitter or receiver. After connecting the
Voltage Supply (VS), the devices stay in the OFF mode, waiting for a wake
event from an external source. It can be difficult to implement a static wake
function to the host controller.
Therefore, it can be helpful to have a jumper or something similar, to keep
the device awake all the time. This can help in achieving a suitable operation
in ISP mode. Between the ISP steps, the NRESET line releases and the device
enters the OFF mode and requires a wake prior to the start of the next ISP
operation.
Important Information
5.1 ATA578x Signature
The product numbering that is listed in the ATA578x User Manual Rev 9314GX in
the table in chapter 3.9.12.4 is mixed. The numbering must start with 1
followed by 2 and end with 3. Ensure the part numbers are not mixed while
using the signature.
5.2 Invalid Mode Transitions
The firmware of the products covers many invalid transitions and potential
issues. The error IRQ and a specific error code indicate all those invalid
transitions and potential issues. During the development phase, not all
possible scenarios are known, and there can be scenarios that are not valid
but not indicated by an event. Therefore, ensure suitable implementation of
all the functions. Known actions that will not lead to an error IRQ and an
error code entry are:
- Mode transition from Polling mode to RX mode
- Antenna tuning without signal at the antenna tuning pin
Document Revision History
Revision | Date | Section | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A | Dec-21 | Document | Initial revision |
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Finland – Espoo
Tel: 358-9-4520-820
France – Paris
Tel: 33-1-69-53-63-20
Fax: 33-1-69-30-90-79
Germany – Garching
Tel: 49-8931-9700
Germany – Haan
Tel: 49-2129-3766400
Germany – Heilbronn
Tel: 49-7131-72400
Germany – Karlsruhe
Tel: 49-721-625370
Germany – Munich
Tel: 49-89-627-144-0
Fax: 49-89-627-144-44
Germany – Rosenheim
Tel: 49-8031-354-560
Israel – Ra’anana
Tel: 972-9-744-7705
Italy – Milan
Tel: 39-0331-742611
Fax: 39-0331-466781
Italy – Padova
Tel: 39-049-7625286
Netherlands – Drunen
Tel: 31-416-690399
Fax: 31-416-690340
Norway – Trondheim
Tel: 47-72884388
Poland – Warsaw
Tel: 48-22-3325737
Romania – Bucharest
Tel: 40-21-407-87-50
Spain – Madrid
Tel: 34-91-708-08-90
Fax: 34-91-708-08-91
Sweden – Gothenberg
Tel: 46-31-704-60-40
Sweden – Stockholm
Tel: 46-8-5090-4654
UK – Wokingham
Tel: 44-118-921-5800
Fax: 44-118-921-5820
© 2021 Microchip Technology Inc. and its subsidiaries Application Note DS00004325A-page 16
Documents / Resources
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MICROCHIP AN4325 UHF ATA Product Application and
Design
[pdf] User Guide
AN4325 UHF ATA Product Application and Design, AN4325, UHF ATA Product
Application and Design, Application and Design
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Read User Manual Online (PDF format)
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