1000A Lynx Smart BMS Victron Distributor

Lynx Smart BMS

rev 07 – 12/2023
This manual is also available in HTML5.

1. Introduction

1.1. The Lynx Smart BMS

The Lynx Smart BMS is a dedicated Battery Management System for Victron Lithium Battery Smart batteries available with a
nominal voltage of 12.8V or 25.6V in various capacities. This is the safest of the mainstream lithium battery types. They can be
connected in series, parallel and series/parallel so that a battery bank can be built for system voltages of 12V, 24V or 48V. Up
to four 12.8V batteries or two 25.6V batteries can be connected in series. A total of 20 batteries can be connected, resulting in
energy storage of up to 84kWh in a 12V system or up to 102kWh in a 24V and 48V system.

There are multiple BMS-es available for our Smart Lithium series of batteries, and the Lynx Smart BMS is the most feature rich
and complete option. Its main features are:

• Built-in 500A or 1000A (for the M10 model) contactor used as a fallback safety mechanism and also suitable as a remote
  controllable main system switch.

• Battery monitor, indicating state of charge percentage and more data.

• Pre-alarm signal: provide a warning before the system shuts down due to a low cell voltage.

• Bluetooth for use with our VictronConnect App, for setup, monitoring and diagnostic.

• Local and remote monitoring using a Victron GX device, for example, the Cerbo GX and our VRM portal.

The Lynx Smart BMS integrates seamlessly into our Lynx Distributor system and is available as a 500A (with M8 busbar) or
1000A (with M10 busbar) version.

2. Features

2.1. Battery Management System

The BMS is used to monitor, control and protect your Victron Lithium Batteries Smart. It detects the state of charge and protects
against deep discharge and overcharging.
It’s main features are:

• Pre-alarm mode configurable via the programmable relay
• ATC/ATD ports to control chargers and loads
• DVCC closed loop control for compatible Victron inverter/charger and MPPTs via a connected GX device
• Discharge floor used to set the minimum SoC to determine how far the battery is allowed to be discharged. (requires VictronConnect v5.70 or later)

A configurable pre-alarm warns with a minimum delay of 30 seconds of an imminent shutdown of the loads as a result of an
impending low cell voltage. By reacting quickly on the pre-alarm, for example by reducing the load or starting a generator to
charge the batteries, the shutting down of the loads can be prevented.
The ATC contact is opened to stop charging at high cell voltage or low temperature, while the ATD contact is opened to stop
discharging at a low cell voltage.
DVCC controls compatible devices via Lynx Smart BMS and a connected GX device. Charging current and voltages are set
automatically, thus Bulk, Absorption and Float algorithms are no longer used. Charging or discharging are stopped at low or high
cell voltage or low temperature.

2.2. Contactor

The built-in contactor serves two purposes:
1. It acts as a secondary safety system to protect the battery in case the primary controls (ATC and ATD contacts as well as
DVCC) fail to disable the loads and/or chargers when required.

2. It can be used as a remote controlled main system on/off switch via the VictronConnect app, a GX device (only Standby and
On), as well as using the Remote on/off terminals.

2.3. Built-in pre-charge circuit
The built-in pre-charge circuit pre-charges capacitive loads such as inverters or inverter/chargers before the contactor closes to
prevent high inrush current.

2.4. Battery Monitor
The Lynx Smart BMS battery monitor operates in a similar fashion as the other Victron Energy battery monitors. It contains a
shunt and battery monitor electronics. Readout of the battery monitor data is via Bluetooth using the VictronConnect App or a GX
device and the VRM portal.

2.5. Programmable relay
The Lynx Smart BMS has a programmable relay that can be used as an alarm relay (combined with the pre-alarm) or to shut
down an alternator via its external regulator (ignition wire).

2.6. AUX terminal
The Lynx Smart BMS is equipped with an auxiliary power supply. This supply outputs the same voltage as the system battery
voltage and is rated at a maximum continuous current rating of 1.1A.
The purpose of the auxiliary power supply is to keep certain systems powered, for example a GX device, after the BMS has
turned off loads in case of a low cell voltage event.

It is recommended that the system includes a GX device powered by the AUX port. This keeps the GX device
supplied with power until the AUX port is finally switched off (max. 5 minutes after a low cell voltage event) to
preserve energy for battery self-discharge.

3. Communication and interfacing

The Lynx Smart BMS communicates with other devices and services via a variety of interfaces. The following list provides an
overview of the most important interfaces:

• Bluetooth: to change settings and monitor the Lynx Smart BMS via our VictronConnect App.
  Note that Bluetooth can be disabled via VictronConnect or a GX device, but can only be re-enabled from a GX device.

• VE.Can: to connect a GX device to the Lynx Smart BMS. The GX device will show all measured parameters, operational state,
  battery SoC and alarms and make them available to be controlled via our remote monitoring VRM portal.

• Lynx Distributor fuse monitoring: via our VictronConnect app and a connected GX device. Communication with the Lynx
  Distributors is via it’s RJ10 connectors. The Lynx Smart BMS can be used to read out the Lynx Distributors, generate alarms in
  case a fuse is blown or communication is lost. Fuse status communication requires Lynx Distributor with serial number HQ1909 or later.

• NMEA 2000 via VE.Can: Communication to an NMEA 2000 network can be established via VE.Can using a VE.Can to
  NMEA2000 micro-C cable. See the Appendix for supported PGNs [35].

4. System Design considerations and examples

4.1. Integration into the Lynx Distributor System

The Lynx Smart BMS integrates seamlessly with the Lynx Distributor system, which is not mandatory for operation, but highly
recommended due to its ease of installation.
It is important to note that the battery must always be connected to the left side of the Lynx Smart BMS (in normal position), while
all loads and chargers are connected to the right side.
The example below shows the Lynx Smart BMS in a system with two Lynx Distributors. Together they form a continuous busbar
with fused battery connections, battery monitor, BMS system, contactor and fused load connections.
The Lynx modules can be mounted in any orientation. Should they be mounted upside down, so that the text on the front of the
units is upside down as well, use the special stickers are included with each Lynx module, so that the text is orientated the correct
way.

E

Example of Lynx module orientation: the batteries connect to the left and all loads and chargers connect on the right side

Example of Lynx modules mounted upside down: now the batteries connect to the right side, all loads and chargers connect to
the left side and the upside down stickers (included) are affixed.

It is important to note that the battery is always connected to the left side of the Lynx Smart BMS (in normal
position), while all loads and chargers go to the right side.

4.2. System sizing

4.2.1. Current rating Lynx Smart BMS

The main safety contactor of the Lynx Smart BMS has a continuous current rating of 500A (1000A for the M10 model) and a peak
current rating of 600A (1200A for the M10 model)) for a duration of 5 minutes. Even if the Lynx Smart BMS has an overcurrent
protection, make sure that the current rating is not exceeded.

The following happens in the event that the peak current limit or the 5 minute interval has been exceeded:
• an overcurrent alarm will be generated
• ATC or ATD (depending on current direction) is disabled after a 30s delay

It is not possible to parallel multiple Lynx Smart BMS modules. Only a single Lynx Smart BMS can be used per system.
The table below gives an idea of how much power a Lynx Smart BMS is rated for at different voltages. This will give you an
indication how big the connected inverter/charger system can be. Keep in mind that if inverters or inverter/chargers are used, both
the AC and the DC system will be powered from the batteries.

Voltage vs. Current 12V 24V 48V
500A 6kW 12kW 24kW
1000A 12kW 24kW 48kW

4.2.2. Fusing
The Lynx Smart BMS is not a system fuse. It only warns when the current is too high. Fusing needs to be done externally, for
example by connecting Lynx Distributor modules to the Lynx Smart BMS or by using external fuse holders and fuses.
Always use fuses with the correct voltage and current rating. Match the fuse rating to the maximum voltages and currents that
potentially can occur in the fused circuit. For more information on fuse ratings and fuse current calculations see the Wiring
Unlimited book.

The total value of the fuses of all circuits should not be more than the current rating of the Lynx module, or the
Lynx model with the lowest current rating in case of multiple Lynx modules are used.

4.2.3. Cabling
The current rating of the wires or cables used to connect the Lynx Smart BMS to batteries and/or the DC loads, has to be rated
for the maximum currents that can occur in the connected circuits. Use cabling with a sufficient core surface area to match the
maximum current rating of the circuit.

For more information on cabling and cable thickness calculations see our book, Wiring Unlimited.

5. Installation

5.1. Important warning

Lithium batteries are expensive and can be damaged due to over discharge or over charge.
The shutdown due to low cell voltage by the BMS should always be used as a last resort to be on the
safe side at all times. We recommend not letting it get that far in the first place and instead either shutting
down the system automatically after a defined state of charge (this can be done by using the Discharge floor
setting [15] in the BMS) so that there is always enough reserve capacity in the battery, or to use the remote
on/off function [10] of the BMS as a system on/off switch.
Damage due to over discharge can occur if small loads (such as: alarm systems, relays, standby current of
certain loads, back current drain of battery chargers or charge regulators) slowly discharge the battery when
the system is not in use.
In case of any doubt about possible residual current draw, isolate the battery by opening the battery switch,
pulling the battery fuse(s) or disconnecting the battery plus when the system is not in use.
A residual discharge current is especially dangerous if the system has been discharged completely and
a low cell voltage shutdown has occurred. After shutdown due to low cell voltage, a capacity reserve of
approximately 1Ah per 100Ah battery capacity is left in the battery. The battery will be damaged if the
remaining capacity reserve is drawn from the battery, for example, a residual current of just 10mA can
damage a 200Ah battery if the system is left discharged for more than 8 days.
Immediate action (recharge the battery) is required if a low cell voltage disconnect has occurred.

5.2. Safety Precautions

5.2.1. Safety Warnings Lynx Distribution System

• Installation must strictly follow the national safety regulations in compliance with the enclosure, installation,
  creepage, clearance, casualty, markings and segregation requirements of the end-use application.

• Installation must be performed by qualified and trained installers only.

• Do not work on live busbars. Ensure that the busbar is unpowered by disconnecting all positive battery
  poles prior to removing the Lynx front cover.

• Work on batteries should be carried out by qualified personnel only. Observe the battery safety warnings as
  listed in the battery manual.

• Store this product in a dry environment. The storage temperature should be -40°C to +65°C.

• No liability can be accepted for damage in transit, if the equipment is not transported in its original
  packaging.

5.3. Mechanical connections

5.3.1. Lynx Smart BMS connection features
• The Lynx Smart BMS cover can be opened up by unscrewing the two cover screws.
• Removable rubber sleeves to protect the busbar ends.

5.3.2. Mounting and interconnecting Lynx modules

This paragraph explains how to attach several Lynx modules to each other and how to mount the Lynx assembly into its final
location. These are the points to take into consideration when interconnecting and mounting Lynx modules:
• If Lynx modules are going to be connected to the right and if the Lynx module is fitted with a plastic barrier on the right side,
remove the black plastic barrier. If the Lynx module is located as the most right module, leave the black plastic barrier in place.
• If Lynx modules are going to be connected to the left, remove the red and black rubber sleeves. If the Lynx module is located as
the most left module, leave the red and black rubber sleeves in place.
• Remember that for a Lynx Smart BMS, the left side is the battery side, and the right side is the DC system side.
• Connect all Lynx modules to each other using the M8 (or M10) holes and bolts on the left and right. Take care that the modules
correctly slot into the rubber joiner recesses.
• Place the washer, spring washer and nut on the bolts in the correct order and tighten the bolts using a torque of:
M8 Model: 14Nm
M10 Model: 33Nm (17Nm for units with a serial number before HQ2340XXXX)
• Mount the Lynx assembly in its final location using the 5mm mounting holes.

5.4. Electrical connections

5.4.1. Connect DC wires

For all DC connections the following applies:
• All cables and wires connected to the Lynx module need to have been fitted with M8 (or M10) cable lugs.
• Pay attention to the correct placement and order of the cable lug, washer, spring washer and nut on each bolt when attaching
the cable to the bolt.
• Tighten the nuts using a torque of:
M8 Model: 14Nm
M10 Model: M10 nuts: 33Nm (17Nm for units with a serial number before HQ2340XXXX) – M8 nuts: 14Nm

5.4.2. Connect RJ10 cable(s)
These instructions only apply, if the system contains Lynx Distributor(s).
There are two RJ10 connectors in each Lynx module, one on the left and one on the right. See below drawing.

To connect the RJ10 cables between the Lynx Smart BMS and Lynx Distributor, do the following:
• Plug one side of the RJ10 cable in the RJ10 connector of the Lynx Distributor, with the retainer clip of the RJ10 connector
facing away from you.
• Feed the RJ10 cable through the recess at the bottom of the Lynx Distributor, see above picture.
• Plug the RJ10 cable into the RJ10 connector at the bottom of the Lynx Smart BMS.

5.4.3. Connect BMS cables
Connect the BMS cables from the lithium battery to the BMS connectors on the Lynx Smart BMS.

In case multiple batteries (up to 20 batteries can be connected to the BMS) are used, first interconnect the battery BMS cables
and then connect the BMS cable from the first and last battery to the BMS connectors on the Lynx Smart BMS.
If the BMS cables are too short, use BMS extension cables.

5.4.4. Connect the Multiconnector
The multiconnector is the green connector on the bottom of the Lynx Smart BMS. The connector of the Lynx Smart BMS 500A
has 11 pins, numbered from left to right starting with pin 1 and ending with pin 11, while the connector of the Lynx Smart BMS
1000A has 13 pins – two additional pins (pin 12 and 13) for future functionality. Do not connect anything to pins 12 and 13.
See the Appendix for a table with pin-out and description [36].
The multiconnector’s screw terminal can be pulled out of the Lynx Smart BMS, allowing for easy wiring.
The Remote on/off (pin 10 and 11) of the terminal are interconnected with a wire loop by default. If the Remote on/off connection
is used with a simple on/off switch, remove the loop and wire as desired.

5.4.5. Connect ATC/ATD controlled loads and chargers
The ATC (allow-to-charge) and ATD (allow-to-discharge) are potential free dry contacts of the multi connector that can control
chargers and loads in the system, provided they have a remote on/off connector and are wired appropriately. They can be used in
several ways.

A common example is by providing +12V wired from AUX + (equal to system voltage) to pin 3 and pin 5. An active high signal
is then delivered to the connected remote H ports of the chargers and loads via pin 4 respectively pin 6. In case of a low cell
voltage, ATD opens the contact between pin 5 and pin 6. The load is then switched off and further discharge is prevented. If the
temperature is too low to charge, the ATC contact between pin 3 and pin 4 opens and switches off the chargers.
Instead of using system voltage on AUX +, system minus can be used on AUX – to generate an active L signal. The functionality
is the same as described above, except that the low signal ensures that the loads and chargers are switched off. This active L

signal then can be connected to the remote L terminals of a charger or load. In contrast to the H signal, System minus is also
present in case the contactor opens and the Lynx Smart BMS goes into OFF mode.
Another option is to use the ATC and ATD contacts as remote switches, for example to control a Smart BatteryProtect to turn off
loads in the event of low cell voltage or a charger in the event of low temperature.
See below examples for wiring:

For the system to operate correctly, it is essential that all loads and chargers are able to be controlled by
either DVCC or the ATC and ATD signals. Ideally wire the ATC and ATD signals to a devices remote on/off
connector, or, if that is not available, a Smart BatteryProtect or Cyrix-Li can be used.

5.4.6. Wiring a Remote on/off switch
Instead of the pre-installed wire loop between pin 10 and pin 11, a simple on/off switch can be wired to remotely turn the Lynx
Smart BMS on and off.
See below example for correct wiring:

For the Lynx Smart BMS to operate, the contact between pin 10 and pin 11 must be closed.

5.4.7. Programmable relay wiring
The programmable relay is an SPDT relay (Single Pole, Double Throw) with 3 contacts:
• Common (COM)
• Normally Open (NO)
• Normally Closed (NC)

The relay makes contact between COM and NC when the relay is not active, while COM and NO makes contact when the relay is
activated.

Depending on the Relay mode setting (Alarm relay or Alternator ATC) in the VictronConnect app, an audible (buzzer or external
speaker) or visible device (LED signal) or the signal line (usually the ignition wire) for the ATC signal of an external alternator
regulator can be connected.

5.4.8. Connect the GX device
Connect the Lynx Smart BMS VE.Can port to the GX device VE.Can port using a RJ45 cable.
Multiple VE.Can devices can be daisy chained, but make sure that the first and the last VE.Can device both have a VE.Can RJ45
terminator installed.
Power the GX device from the AUX + and AUX – terminal of the Lynx Smart BMS.

5.5. System examples in detail
5.5.1. Lynx Smart BMS, 2x Lynx Distributor and lithium batteries
A Lynx Smart BMS with two Lynx distributors and a Cerbo GX with GX touch panel form the heart of this system. They
continuously monitor the batteries, fuses, connected loads, chargers and inverter/charger(s).
A typical system can contain the following components:
• Lynx Smart BMS with built-in contactor and battery monitor.
• Lynx Distributor with 2 fused paralleled lithium batteries and identical cable lengths for each battery (up to 20 batteries can be
used per system – see the Lithium Battery Smart manual for details).
• Lynx Distributor with fused connections for chargers, inverter/charger(s) and loads.
• A Cerbo GX (or other GX device).

System with Lithium batteries, Lynx Smart BMS and two Lynx Distributors

5.5.3. Lynx Smart BMS only
For a very slim line system, the Lynx Smart BMS can be used just by itself. This is usefull if the system contains a single lithium
battery or a single series string of lithium batteries together with a simple DC system.
Please also note that no GX device is used. It is not absolutely necessary for the operation of the Lynx Smart BMS. However,
without GX device it is not possible to control compatible inverter/chargers and MPPTs via DVCC.

6. Configuration and settings
6.1. Power up for the first time
The Lynx Smart BMS will power up when a battery is connected and the wire loop is placed in between pin 10 and 11 of the multi
connector or the Remote on/off switch is switched on.
On first power up and after a “Reset to defaults” (via VictronConnect app), the Lynx Smart BMS automatically determines and
sets these settings:
• System voltage, 12, 24 or 48V, by measuring the battery voltage.
• Pre-alarm support in the batteries.
The settings can also be reviewed and changed manually.

6.2. Update firmware

A firmware update of the Lynx Smart BMS can be performed in two different ways:
• Via the VictronConnect app
• Via the VRM: Remote Firmware Update feature (requires an internet connected GX device)
Notes on firmware updating in general
• Newer is not always better
• Don’t break it if it works
• Be sure to read the changelog before starting the update process. The changelog can be downloaded from Victron
Professional.
Therefore: use this feature with care. Our main advice is not to update a running system unless there are problems with it or
before the first startup.

Notes on updating the Lynx Smart BMS firmware
• A firmware update will not result in a temporary system shutdown. During the update, the Lynx Smart BMS keeps all contacts
and the contactor in the same state as when starting the update. If the update fails, ATD/ATC and contactor open after 120
seconds, for safety reasons. This also gives time to try updating again.
• Updating the firmware always starts a new full charging cycle despite the SoC threshold setting, which means that the charge
voltage limit (CVL) is automatically adjusted from 13.5V to 14.2V (for a 12V system).
• In case of a new installation, it is also recommended to check and update the firmware of each connected lithium battery.

Updating firmware via VictronConnect
Please note the following before performing a firmware update via VictronConnect:
1. For detailed instructions on how to update the firmware, see the firmware update chapter in the VictronConnect manual.
2. If there is a newer firmware version available, the VictronConnect app (make sure the VictronConnect app is the latest
version) will notify you of this as soon as a connection with the Lynx Smart BMS is made.

Updating firmware via VRM: Remote firmware update

Features:
• Remotely update internet-connected products straight from the VRM Portal
• No need to install any software
• Works from laptop, tablet & phone
• No need to find the right firmware file: the system has all, and will clearly indicate that a newer version is available.
See the VRM: Remote firmware update manual for detailed instructions.

6.3. Lynx Smart BMS settings

Once powered up, use the VictronConnect app to configure the BMS settings.

Check the Battery voltage setting (12, 24 or 48V):
• This will have been detected automatically, double check it.
Set the Battery capacity setting:
• Enter the total battery bank capacity of the connected battery. Caution, for batteries connected in series, do not add the
capacity of each battery to determine the total capacity of the bank.
• Check out our book Wiring Unlimited section 3.1 to learn how to determine battery capacity.

If the battery capacity input is incorrect, the SoC will also be incorrectly calculated. Make sure the battery
capacity calculation is correct.

Set the Number of batteries in parallel :
• Enter the number of paralleled batteries in the system.

The wrong number of parallel batteries will lead to a miscalculation of the balancing algorithm. Make sure this
value is entered correctly.

Check the Pre-alarm mode setting:
This setting is automatically configured upon initial power-up and after a “Reset to defaults”. It is enabled by default.
• enabled: recommended setting. A visual or audible device linked to the programmable relay is activated in case of a pre-alarm.
• disabled: If disabled, it will ignore the discharge current limit at pre- alarm setting.
Older Victron Lithium Batteries Smart manufactured before 2019/2020 do not have the pre-alarm signal.
Nevertheless, the Lynx Smart BMS also generates the pre-alarm signal for these batteries with the restriction
that the threshold for this is derived from the undervoltage alarm setting (in the battery) of 2.6V – 2.8V. The
undervoltage alarm then occurs with a fixed delay of 30 seconds after pre- alarm.

Set the Relay setting:
The programmable relay has two operation modes: Alarm relay and Alternator ATC.
• When set to Alarm relay mode, the Alarm relay setting becomes active and continuous or intermittent operation can be
selected. In intermittent operation the relay switches on and off every 0.8 seconds.
• When configured for Alternator ATC mode, the relay will only activate when the contactor is closed. Before the contactor is
opened, Alternator ATC is opened first and 2 seconds later the contactor. These 2 seconds ensure that the alternator regulator
is switched off before the battery is disconnected from the system.

DVCC settings:
DVCC is forced on and cannot be turned off. However, a few settings can be changed, which are described below.
Please note that these settings only affect compatible DVCC devices such as Victron inverter/chargers and Solar MPPT chargers.
• Discharge Current Limit at pre-alarm (default “No”): if set to “Yes”, the discharge current limit is already set to 0A in the event
of a pre-alarm, while the ATC contact remains closed. In this way it’s possible to save some battery power for essential DC
loads, for example on boats such as lighting, bilge pump and navigation.
• Absorption time: is set to 2 hours by default. This can be adjusted if necessary.
• Repeated absorption interval: in days at which a new full charging cycle is started, if the battery SoC does not fall below the
SoC threshold. The default is every 30 days and can be adjusted if required.
• SoC threshold: is set by default to 70%. This is the threshold at which the Lynx Smart BMS starts a new full charging cycle.
This can be adjusted if required.
A new charge cycle means that the CVL (charge voltage limit) is increased from 13.5V (for a 12V battery) to 14.2V.
In addition to the SoC threshold, a new charging cycle is started after a firmware update, when the battery voltages are below
12V/24V/48V (3V per cell) or when a low cell voltage is detected.

Battery monitor settings:

Unlike other battery monitors, the Lynx Smart BMS battery monitor settings are mostly fixed settings and are not customisable.
The reason for this is that the Lynx Smart BMS is always used together with Victron Lithium Batteries Smart and a lot of battery
monitor parameters are therefore known because they relate to the battery type.
The following settings are adjustable. A full list of all settings used can be found in the Appendix section 10.3. [35] • Charged voltage: the voltage at above which the battery monitor synchronises and resets the SoC to 100%. For
synchronisation to happen, the tail current and charged detection time conditions need to have been met as well. The default
is set to 14.0V and can be adjusted if necessary. In case the system voltage setting is changed, the charged voltage setting
needs to be adjusted as well.

• Tail current: the current at below which the battery monitor synchronises and resets the SoC to 100%. For synchronisation to
happen, the charged voltage and charge detection time conditions need to have been met as well. The default is set to 4% and
can be adjusted if needed.
• Charged detection time: is the time passed after which the battery monitor synchronises and resets the SoC to 100%. For
synchronisation to happen, the charged voltage and tail current conditions need to have been met as well. The default is set to
3 minutes and can be adjusted if necessary.
• Discharge floor: this parameter has two functions:
• Its primary use is to set the minimum SoC to determine how far the battery may be discharged and to ensure that there is
enough energy left for self-discharge after a low SoC shutdown.
A limited depth of discharge is good for battery health, but also provides backup power to keep the system running, e.g. until
sunrise for solar systems.
When the set discharge floor is reached, a low SoC alarm will be issued. The BMS then switches to OFF mode with a delay
of 5 minutes if no sufficient charge voltage has been detected on the system side of the BMS by then.
Setting the discharge floor to zero (not recommended), disables this feature.

The discharge floor prevents full discharge and should be chosen so that there is always enough energy
in the battery for self-discharge before the battery can be recharged.

Example: A 10% discharge floor still provides enough stored energy for the self-discharge of a 200Ah
battery to last about 9 months without recharging.

• It is used in the calculation for the ‘Time remaining’ or ‘Time-to-go’ value displayed in the VictronConnect app, a connected
GX device or on the VRM portal. The battery monitor uses the actual discharge current to calculate the time it takes to reach
the set discharge floor.
• Low SoC warning level: the level at which a warning is issued before the discharge floor has been reached.
• State of charge: manually set the current state of charge.
• Synchronise SoC to 100%: manually synchronise SoC to 100%.

6.4. Lynx Distributor settings
These instructions only apply if the system contains one or more Lynx Distributors.
Each Lynx distributor must be addressed and set to A, B, C or D. This is done via a 2-way dip switch located inside the Lynx
Distributor. Refer to chapter 6.1.3. Addressing Lynx Distributor in the Lynx distributor manual.
Use the VictronConnect app to give each fuse a custom name (maximum 16 characters). If the fuse name is empty (0
characters), the fuse will be disabled and ignored for monitoring.

1. Navigate to the Settings page by clicking the cog wheel icon at the top right hand corner.
2. On the Settings page scroll down to the Lynx Distributor settings.
3. Tap on a distributor name. A new menu opens with all 4 fuses.
4. Tap on a fuse to assign a custom name and/or to disable the fuse manually from monitoring.

7. Commissioning and Operation of the Lynx Smart BMS
7.1. Commissioning the Lynx Smart BMS
Commissioning sequence:

☐ Check polarity of all battery cables.
☐ Check cross sectional area of all battery cables.
☐ Check that each battery has the most up to date firmware.
☐ Check that if batteries have been connected in series, each battery has been fully pre-charged (refer to battery
manual).
☐ Check if all battery cable lugs have been crimped correctly. Check if all battery cable connections are tight (don’t
exceed maximum torque). Tug slightly on each battery cable and see if the connections are tight.
☐ Check all BMS cable connections and make sure the connector screw rings are screwed all the way down.
☐ Check if each paralleled battery is fused or that each paralleled battery series string is fused.
☐ If a GX device is used, check if the VE.Can cables and terminator have been placed and the device is powered
from the AUX voltage output of the Lynx Smart BMS.
☐ Power the Lynx Smart BMS by connecting the battery supply or placing the battery fuses and, if applicable, by
switching the remote on/off switch to “on”.
☐ Check that the load pre-charge is complete, the contactor is closed, and the loads are energised.
☐ Connect to VictronConnect and make sure the Lynx Smart BMS has the latest firmware (see the Update firmware
chapter [15] for details) and that all settings have been made, in particular that the battery capacity and the number
of paralleled batteries is set correctly.
☐ Check that the system voltage has been set correctly.
☐ Check if the fuse names of the Lynx Distributor (if applicable) are correctly named.
☐ If a GX device is connected, check that it is powered from the Lynx Smart BMS AUX terminals.
☐ Check that the Lynx Smart BMS displays correctly on the GX device.
☐ Disconnect a random BMS cable and verify that the BMS is turning off all charge sources and all loads. Reconnect the BMS cable.
☐ Turn on a load and check that the current is a negative current displayed on the GX device or the Victron Connect app.
☐ Charge batteries fully and check that a 100% state of charge is displayed

7.2. Powering up

The Lynx Smart BMS will power up when a battery is connected to the battery terminals and the Remote on/off switch is turned
on (or the wire loop is placed in the remote on/off terminal).
The power up sequence follows these steps:
• System check: A self-test that checks the internal and external voltages and contactor.
• Pre-charge loads: The pre-charge circuit will pre charge capacitive loads such as inverters or inverter/ chargers before the
contactor closes to prevent very high inrush current.
• Contactor closes: The Lynx Smart BMS is operational and the power to the Lynx Distributor(s) is turned on.

Operational
Once powered up, the contactor is closed. The green status LED together with the blue Bluetooth LED on the Lynx Smart BMS
and the green power LED on Lynx Distributor(s) are illuminated.

7.3. BMS operating modes

The BMS in the Lynx Smart BMS communicates with the batteries and will safeguard them against low or high cell voltage as
well as low or high temperatures. Such events are reported by the battery to the Lynx Smart BMS to take necessary action by
turning off loads and/or inverter/chargers and chargers and either turning the Lynx Smart BMS off or on again, fully automatically
or manually.

The Lynx Smart BMS has 3 modes of operation:

ON
This is the normal operating mode. All interfaces are operational, and the contactor is closed. If the Lynx Smart BMS was off due
to low cell voltage or low SoC shutdown, it will exit OFF mode and return to ON mode when
• it detects a charging voltage >11.7V (>23.4V for a 24V system or >46.8V for a 48V system) than the battery voltage on the
system side or
• when all cell voltages are higher than 3.2 V in case of a low cell voltage shutdown or
• when all cell voltages are higher than 3.37V in case of a low SoC shutdown or
• when it is turned back on via the Remote on/off switch or
• when it is turned back on via the VictronConnect app.
The mode is also ON for a duration of 5 minutes with no charge voltage supplied when a Low Cell Voltage alarm was issued.

OFF
Lowest power mode. All interfaces are off, and the contactor is opened. This mode is used to prevent damaging batteries by
draining them too low.
OFF is the mode the LSB will enter when using the Remote on/off switch or the soft switch in the VictronConnect app.
The Lynx Smart BMS will also switch to OFF mode with a 5 minute delay if:
• one or more cells fall below 2.8V (adjustable in the battery) and no charge voltage has been detected during this time to
prevent further discharge or
• when the set discharge floor [15] is reached and by then no sufficient charging voltage has been detected on the system side of
the BMS.

Standby
The Lynx Smart BMS can be put into Standby mode via the soft switch in the VictronConnect app or via the GX device and is
used when the boat is docked or the RV is parked to prevent accidental discharging and charging from sources on the system
side. All systems will be shut down, except for equipment powered by the AUX power port from which we recommend for
powering the GX device. This mode is not intended to be used when the boat or RV is in storage for a longer period. Therefore,
when a low cell voltage or low SoC (as determined by the discharge floor setting in the BMS) is detected, the Lynx Smart BMS
will automatically switch to OFF mode to prevent further battery discharge.

The basic requirement for the soft switch to work in VictronConnect or in the GX device is that the contact
between pins 10 and 11 of the multi connector is bridged with either a wire loop or a remote on/off switch.

See below tables for an overview of all 3 operating modes, how to switch them manually and the status of the interfaces:

Mode

|

Main

contactor

|

ATC

|

ATD

|

AUX

power

output

|

VE.Can

port

|

Bluetooth

|

Intended use

---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---

On

|

Closed

|

On

|

On

|

Powered

|

Functional

|

On

|

Normal operating mode. All interfaces are operational.

Standby

|

Open

|

Off

|

Off

|

Powered

|

Functional

|

On

|

All systems will be shut

down, except for equipment powered by the AUX

power port from which we recommend for powering

the GX device.

Off

|

Open

|

Off

|

Off

|

Off

|

Off

|

On

|

Lowest power mode. All

interfaces are off, and the contactor is opened.

Lynx Smart BMS

Mode

|

Soft switch VictronConnect app

|

Soft switch GX device

|

Hard wired Remote on/off switch

---|---|---|---

ON

|

Yes

|

Yes*

|

Yes

Standby

|

Yes

|

Yes

|

No

OFF

|

Yes

|

No

|

Yes

• Only possible from Standby mode

How to manually switch device modes

7.4. Lynx Smart BMS trigger

This section describes the behavior of the Lynx Smart BMS in case the pre- alarm threshold is reached or either a low or high cell voltage or low temperature event is triggered.

The limits for the pre-alarm threshold, low cell voltage and low temperature are set in the battery.

Pre-alarm

If a cell voltage drops and reaches the pre-alarm threshold, the programmable relay will activate, if configured to Alarm relay mode. This will give an advanced warning of an impending low cell voltage and before the loads are disabled. Pre-alarm is indicated by the red LED flashing 3 times every 4 seconds. The Lynx Smart BMS ensures a minimum delay of 30 seconds between enabling the pre-alarm and switching off the loads.

Low cell voltage cut off

If the cell voltage gets too low and has reached the low cell voltage threshold, the ATD contact opens and turns off all loads. If the Lynx Smart BMS is connected to a GX device, DVCC compatible inverters connected to the same GX device are also turned off. After 5 minutes without sufficient charge voltage on the system side of the BMS, it will shut down.

Low temperature or high cell voltage cut off

If a cell voltage becomes too high and has reached the high cell voltage threshold (3.75V hard coded in battery), or if the low temperature threshold (adjustable in battery) has been reached, the ATC contact opens and will turn off all chargers. If the Lynx Smart BMS is connected to a GX device, DVCC compatible chargers that are connected to the same GX device will be turned off as well.

7.5. Battery monitor operation

The Lynx Smart BMS has a built-in battery monitor. It measures battery voltage and current. Based on these measurements it calculates state of charge, time to go and keeps track of historical data, such as deepest discharge, average discharge and number of cycles.

7.6. Battery care

Once the Lynx Smart BMS is in operation, it is important to take care of the batteries.

These are the basic guidelines:

• Avoid total discharge of the battery at all times and use the discharge floor setting to prevent this.

• Familiarize yourself with the pre-alarm feature and act when pre-alarm is active to prevent a DC system shutdown.

• Charge your batteries as soon as possible when the pre-alarm is active or the BMS has deactivated loads.

• Minimize the time the batteries spend in a deeply discharged state as much as possible.

• The batteries need to spend at least 2 hours in absorption charge mode each month to ensure sufficient time in balancing mode.

• When leaving the system unattended for some time, make sure to either keep the batteries charged during that time or make sure the batteries are (almost) full and then disconnect the DC system from the battery. Do this by disconnecting the positive battery pole.

7.7. VictronConnect-Remote (VC-R) support*

VictronConnect-Remote functionality enables the Lynx Smart BMS to be accessed remotely through a GX product, via the VRM portal.

This powerful feature allows full product configuration (except Bluetooth) and monitoring from practically anywhere in the world using the VictronConnect app. The user interface experience is just like the Lynx Smart BMS were connected locally using Bluetooth.

1. Open the VictronConnect app and tap on the VRM button.

2. Click on the installation that includes the Lynx Smart BMS.

3. Click on the Devices button. A list with all available VE.Direct and VE.Can devices will show up.

4. Tap on the Lynx Smart BMS. The Lynx Smart BMS status screen is now displayed as if it were connected locally using Bluetooth

*Requires VictronConnect v5.70 or later and Venus OS v2.90 or later

7.8. VictronConnect Instant readout*

Battery voltage, current, state of charge and remaining running time at a glance. See what you want to know in seconds in the VictronConnect app Device list.

The advantage is that the data is available much faster, together with data from other Bluetooth smart devices, and the range exceeds that of a normal Bluetooth connection.

To enable Instant readout:

1. Open the VictronConnect app and tap on the entry for your Lynx Smart BMS.

2. Tap on the cog wheel icon in the top right hand corner.

3. Tap on the 3 dots icon in the top right hand corner. The Product info screen opens.

4. Enable Instant readout by tapping on the slider. Be careful not to disable Bluetooth.

5. Go back to the local device list. Instant readout is now visible to the Lynx Smart BMS.

* Requires VictronConnect v5.70 or later

8. Troubleshooting and Support

Consult this chapter in case of unexpected behaviour or if you suspect a product fault.

The correct troubleshooting and support process is to first consult the common issues as described in this chapter and the Appendix section 10.1. LED indications, warnings, alarm and error codes [32].

Should this fail to resolve the issue, contact the point of purchase for technical support. If the point of purchase is unknown, refer to the Victron Energy Support webpage.

8.1. How to recover from OFF mode when no charge voltage was detected

This chapter explains how to turn on the BMS (thereby activating the system again) after the BMS has switched to OFF mode when no charge voltage has been detected for 5 minutes after a low cell voltage event or a low SoC shutdown.

Background:

If, after a low cell voltage or low SoC event, the BMS does not detect a charge voltage within 5 minutes, the BMS will enter OFF mode. In OFF mode, the ATC and ATD contacts are open and all interfaces except Bluetooth are turned off to conserve energy. When the ATC and ATD contacts open, all chargers and loads turn off. If, at a later stage, the chargers in the system are powered by the grid or a generator, they still will remain off, because the BMS is not generating the ATC signal.

There are two ways to make the BMS leave the OFF state so that the system will power up:

• Connect an external charger to the system. The BMS will resume normal operation and close the contactor, when it detects a charge voltage on the system side of the BMS.

• Use the Remote on/off switch or the soft switch in the VictronConnect app as described in Force the BMS out of OFF mode down below.

Force the BMS out of OFF mode:

To force the BMS to out of OFF mode, switch the BMS Remote on/off switch or the soft switch in the VictronConnect app off for 5 seconds and then switch it back on or unplug the 11-pin multi connector from its socket and reinsert it after 5 seconds.

The BMS will activate and close its contactor so that the battery is again connected to the system, even though the battery voltage might be too low. The BMS will close the ATC and ATD contacts, providing that the battery allows this. However, in case of an empty battery, the ATD contact will stay open and only the ATC contact will close.

As soon as the ATC contact is closed, the chargers in the system will reactivate and start to charge the battery. Once the battery is sufficiently charged, the ATD contact will close and the loads will reactivate.

Note that if there is no sufficient charge voltage (check the BMS operating mode chapter [21] for charge voltages) detected within 5 minutes, the BMS will enter OFF mode again. In that case, you must restart the Force the BMS out of OFF mode procedure. Make sure beforehand that a sufficient charge source is available.

Please also note that the above procedure is not required when DVCC controlled chargers are present in the system. They will charge for a few minutes or MPPT chargers will stay on regardless of whether the GX device and/or ATC status is off.

8.2. Lynx Smart BMS does not power up

This can be caused by one of the following reasons:

No battery supply

No LEDs are illuminated on the Lynx Smart BMS. Check the battery supply voltage into the Lynx Smart BMS. Check cables and fuses on the battery side. It could also be that the Lynx Smart BMS is in OFF mode. For more info on that see paragraph Powering up [29] [19].

Reverse battery supply

Check the polarity of the supply voltage into the Lynx Smart BMS. If reverse polarity, correct polarity mistake. Unit should now power up.

No charge voltage detected for 5 minutes after a low cell voltage, low SoC or low temperature event

Make sure that a charger is connected and switched on. Ensure that the battery temperature is above the set threshold (default 5°C, adjustable in battery).

Remote on/off switched off or wire loop missing

Page 24 Troubleshooting and Support

Lynx Smart BMS

The Remote on/off switch must be turned on or a wire loop must be inserted between pin 10 and pin 11 of the multi connector. Check that the multi connector is correctly seated.

Soft Switch turned off in VictronConnect App

Switch the system to ON mode using the soft switch in the VictronConnect app.

System in Standby mode

Switch the system to ON mode using the soft switch in the VictronConnect app or a connected GX device. Battery voltage issues

The Lynx Smart BMS, on first install, will auto detect the battery voltage and set to either 12V, 24V or 48V. Each set voltage has a specific battery voltage range (threshold). If the Lynx Smart BMS measures a voltage that is outside this threshold, one of these alarms will be generated:

• Probably wrong system voltage – red LED flashing 7 times every 4 seconds.

• Battery voltage not allowed – red LED flashing 14 times every 4 seconds.

To fix, check the battery settings or check the battery voltage.

This table indicates the voltage thresholds for each system voltage:

System voltage

|

Voltage threshold

---|---

12V

|

9V – 15V

24V

|

16V – 30V

48V

|

32V – 60V

Pre-charge errors

There are two specific errors that can be generated during the pre-charge process:

• Pre-charge high current – red LED flashing 6 times every 4 seconds. The pre- charged energy or current has been exceeded.

• Pre-charge timeout – red LED flashing 5 times every 4 seconds. It has taken too long for the pre-charge process to complete. Pre-charge faults are mostly caused by:

• A short circuit on the load output – potentially caused by a malfunctioning load or if there is a wiring issue like a short circuit.

• Loads with a too high capacitance or too low resistance (less than 20 Ohm) have been connected to the load output. To fix these errors, turn off or remove some loads or chargers and rule out wiring problems or shorts. Internal error

Contact your Victron supplier if one of the following errors are occurring:

• Internal supply error – Red LED flashing 12 times every 4 seconds

• Initialization error – Red LED flashing 9 times every 4 seconds

• Contactor failure – Red LED flashing 10 times every 4 seconds

• Hardware error – GX device alarm calibration lost – GX device alarm

8.3. Lynx Smart BMS operational issues

High discharge current

A high current alarm is given when the current is more than 600A (1200A) for more than 5 minutes. The red LED flashes 8 times every 4 seconds. Reduce the loads connected to the Lynx Smart BMS so that the current through the Lynx Smart BMS will be below 500A (1000A).

High charge current

A high current alarm is issued when the current exceeds 600A (1200A) for more than 5 minutes. The red LED flashes 8 times every 4 seconds. Turn chargers off so that the current through the Lynx Smart BMS will be below 500A (1000A).

Contactor (relay) issues

The Lynx Smart BMS is equipped with 3 guards to protect the contactor.

• Over current protection: an alarm is generated when the current exceeds 600A (1200A) for 5 minutes. Page 25 Troubleshooting and Support

Lynx Smart BMS

• Contactor voltage monitoring: an alarm is generated when the voltage over the contactor is higher than 0.5V. A high voltage indicates high resistance and high power dissipation, indicating a bad contactor.

• Electrical/mechanical protection: there are 2 thermal switches mounted on the busbar. The contactor opens and an alarm is generated when the temperature of the busbars becomes higher than 130°C.

High BMS temperature

Check ambient temperature and check if the two built-in fans are running. Reduce the ambient temperature. Settings invalid

Settings data is corrupt. Reset to factory defaults.

8.4. BMS issues

8.4.1. The BMS frequently disables the battery charger

A well-balanced battery does not disable the charger, even when the batteries are fully charged. But when the BMS frequently disables the charger, this is an indication of cell imbalance.

In case of moderate or large cell imbalance it is an expected behaviour that the BMS frequently disables the battery charger. This is the mechanism behind this behaviour:

As soon as one cell reaches 3.75V, the BMS disables the charger due to high cell voltage. Whilst the charger is disabled, the cell balancing process still continues, moving energy from the highest cell into adjacent cells. The highest cell voltage drops and as soon as it falls below 3.6V, the charger is activated again. This cycling typically takes between one and three minutes. The voltage of the highest cell will rise again quickly (this can be in a matter of seconds), after which the charger will be disabled again and so forth. This does not indicate a problem with the battery or the cells and will continue with this behaviour until all cells are fully charged and balanced. This process might take several hours, depending on the level of imbalance. In case of serious imbalance this process can take up to 12 hours. Balancing will continue throughout this process and balancing even takes place when the charger is disabled. The continued enabling and disabling of the charger can appear strange, but rest assured that there is no problem. The BMS is merely protecting the cells from over voltage.

8.4.2. The BMS is prematurely turning loads off

This could be because of a cell imbalance.

If a cell voltage falls below the “Allowed-to-Discharge cell voltage” setting in the battery (default 2.8V), the BMS will turn the loads off.

Check the cell voltages of all batteries that are connected to the BMS using the VictronConnect app. Also check if all batteries have the same “Allowed-to- Discharge cell voltage” settings.

Once the loads have been turned off due to low cell voltage, the cell voltage of all cells needs to be 3.2V or higher before the BMS will turn the loads back on.

8.4.3. The pre-alarm setting is missing in VictronConnect

Pre-alarm is only available if the battery supports it. The current battery models all support it, but older batteries do not have the hardware required for the pre-alarm feature.

8.4.4. BMS is displaying alarm while all cell voltages are within range

A possible cause is a loose or damaged BMS cable or connector. Check all BMS cables and their connections.

Also consider that once there has been a cell under voltage alarm, the cell voltage of all cells need to be increased to 3.2V before the battery clears the under voltage alarm.

A way to rule out if a fault is originating from a faulty BMS or from a faulty battery is to check the BMS using one of the following BMS test procedures:

Single battery and BMS check:

• Disconnect both BMS cables from the BMS.

• Connect a single BMS extension cable between both BMS cable connectors. The BMS cable should be connected in a loop, as in below diagram. The loop tricks the BMS in thinking that there is a battery connected without any alarms.

• If the alarm is still active after the loop has been placed, the BMS is faulty.

• If the BMS cleared the alarm after the loop has been placed, the battery is faulty and not the BMS. Page 26 Troubleshooting and Support

Lynx Smart BMS

Testing a Lynx Smart BMS by connecting a single BMS extension cable to both BMS cable connections

Multiple batteries and BMS check:

• Bypass one of the batteries by disconnecting both its BMS cables.

• Connect the BMS cables of the neighbouring batteries (or battery and BMS) to each other, effectively bypassing the battery. • Check if the BMS has cleared its alarm.

• If the alarm has not been cleared, repeat this for the next battery.

• If the alarm is still active after all batteries have been bypassed, the BMS is faulty.

• If the BMS cleared its alarm when a particular battery was bypassed, that particular battery is faulty. BMS

Eliminating a BMS error by bypassing a suspect battery

8.4.5. How to test if the BMS is functional

To test if the BMS is functional, disconnect one of the battery BMS cables and see if the BMS will go into alarm mode. BMS

Check BMS functionality by deliberately loosening a BMS cable

8.4.6. System in OFF mode

This is indicated by the status LED off and the Bluetooth LED flashing every 3 seconds.

The Lynx Smart BMS goes into OFF mode once a low cell voltage event occurred and no charge voltage has been detected for 5 minutes to conserve as much power as possible. Bluetooth is still active, but other non-essential interfaces are turned off, including the power to the Lynx Distributor(s).

Check the cell voltages of the connected batteries and if they are low, charge the batteries. As soon as the Lynx Smart BMS sees a charge voltage, it will automatically reactivate and close its contactor to allow for battery charging.

Page 27 Troubleshooting and Support

Lynx Smart BMS

8.4.7. ATC/ATD is missing

Error #36 (ATC/ATD error) occurs when discharge current > 1.5A while ATD is disabled or when charge current > 1A while ATC is disabled.

This can be caused by loads or chargers that are not controlled by ATC/ATD.

Make sure all loads and chargers are controlled by ATC/ATD (if not controlled by DVCC).

8.5. Battery monitor issues

8.5.1. Incomplete current reading

The negatives of all loads and charge sources in the system must be connected to the system minus side of the shunt, which is the right side of the BMS in normal position.

If the negative terminal of a load or charging source is connected directly to the battery negative terminal or the “battery negative” side of the shunt, its current will not flow through the battery monitor. It will therefore not be taken into account and results in a wrong SoC reading.

8.5.2. Incorrect state of charge reading

An incorrect state of charge can be caused by a variety of reasons.

Incorrect battery settings

The following parameter(s) will have an effect on the state of charge calculations if they have been set up incorrectly: • Battery capacity

Double check via VictronConnect app that the Battery capacity settings of the Lynx Smart BMS is correct. Incorrect state of charge due to a synchronisation issue:

The synchronisation process is automatic and is performed each time the battery is fully charged. The battery monitor determines that the battery is fully charged when all 3 “charged” conditions have been met. The “charged” conditions are:

• Charged voltage (Voltage)

• Tail current (% of battery capacity)

• Charge detection time (minutes)

Practical example (default battery monitor settings and a 12.8V 200Ah lithium battery) for the conditions that must be met before synchronisation takes place:

• The battery voltage has to be above 14.0V.

• The charge current has to be less than 0.04 x battery capacity (Ah). For a 200Ah battery this is 0.04 x 200 = 8A • Both above conditions have to be stable for 3 minutes

If the battery is not fully charged or if the automatic synchronisation does not happen, the state of charge value will start to drift and will eventually not represent the actual state of charge of the battery.

The SoC can also be synchronised and set manually via the VictronConnect app (requires VictronConnect v5.70 or later).

8.5.3. State of charge does not increase/decrease fast enough or too fast when charging/ discharging.

This can happen when the battery monitor thinks the battery is bigger or smaller than in reality. Check if the battery capacity has been set correctly.

8.5.4. Synchronisation issues

If the battery monitor does not synchronise automatically, one possibility could be that the battery never reaches a fully charged state. Fully charge the battery and see if the state of charge eventually indicates 100%.

Another possibility is that the Charged voltage setting should be lowered and/or the Tail current setting should be increased.

It is also possible that the battery monitor synchronises too early. This can happen in solar systems or in systems that have fluctuating charge currents. If this is the case, try to decrease the Charged voltage, Tail Current and Charged detection time settings slightly.

Page 28 Troubleshooting and Support

Lynx Smart BMS

8.6. VictronConnect issues

Interrupted firmware update

This is recoverable. Just try to update the firmware again.

8.7. GX device issues

This chapter only describes the most common issues. If this chapter does not solve your issue, consult the manual of the GX device.

Incorrect CAN-bus profile selected

Check that VE.Can is set to use the correct CAN-bus profile. On your GX device navigate to Settings/Services/VE.Can port and check if it is set to “VE.Can & Lynx Ion BMS (250kbit/s)”.

Also make sure that the Lynx Smart BMS is connected to the VE.Can port of your GX device and not the BMS-Can port (e. g. on a Cerbo GX).

RJ45 terminator or cable issue

VE.Can devices connect in “daisy chain” to each other and a RJ45 terminator needs to be used with the first and last device in the chain.

When connecting VE.Can devices, always use “manufactured” RJ45 UTP cables. Do not manufacture these cables yourself. Many communication and other seemingly unrelated product issues are caused by faulty home made cables.

Page 29 Troubleshooting and Support

Lynx Smart BMS

9. Technical specifications

Power

|

Lynx Smart BMS 500A

|

Lynx Smart BMS 1000A

---|---|---

Supply voltage range

|

9 – 60Vdc

Supported system voltages

|

12, 24 or 48V

Reverse polarity protection

|

No

Main safety contactor continuous current rating

|

500A continuous

|

1000A continuous

Main safety contactor peak current rating

|

600A for 5 minutes

|

1200A for 5 minutes

Power consumption OFF mode

|

0.3mA for all system voltages

Power consumption in Standby mode

|

Approximately 0.6W (50mA at 12V)

Power consumption in ON mode

|

Approximately 2.6W (217mA at 12V) depending on the state of the relays

|

Approximately 4.2W (350mA at 12V) depending on the state of the relays

Minimum load resistance for pre charging

|

10Ω and above for 12V systems

20Ω and above for 24V and 48V systems

AUX output maximum current rating

|

1.1A continuous, protected by resettable fuse

Allow-to-charge port maximum current rating

|

0.5A at 60Vdc, protected by resettable fuse

Allow-to-discharge port maximum current rating

|

0.5A at 60Vdc, protected by resettable fuse

Programmable relay (SPDT)

maximum current rating

|

2A at 60Vdc

Connections

|

Lynx Smart BMS 500A

|

Lynx Smart BMS 1000A

---|---|---

Busbar

|

M8 (Torque: 14 Nm)

|

M10 (Torque: 33 Nm)

(14Nm for units with a serial number before HQ2340XXXX)

VE.Can

|

RJ45 and RJ45 terminator

I/O

|

Removable multi-connector with screw terminals

Battery BMS cables

|

Male and female circular 3-pole connector with M8 screw ring

Up to 20 batteries can be connected to the BMS by daisy chaining them

Lynx Distributor (up to 4 modules)

|

RJ10 (cable ships with each Lynx Distributor)

Physical

|

Lynx Smart BMS 500A

|

Lynx Smart BMS 1000A

---|---|---

Enclosure material

|

ABS

Enclosure dimensions (h x w x d)

|

190 x 180 x 80mm

|

230 x 180 x 100mm

Unit weight

|

1.9 kg

|

2.7 kg

Busbar material

|

Tinned copper

Busbar dimensions (h x w)

|

8 x 30mm

Environmental

|

Lynx Smart BMS 500A

|

Lynx Smart BMS 1000A

---|---|---

Operating temperature range

|

-40°C to +60°

Storage temperature range

|

-40°C to +60°

Humidity

|

Max. 95% (non-condensing)

Protection class

|

IP22

Page 30 Technical specifications

Lynx Smart BMS

Standards

|

Lynx Smart BMS 500A

|

Lynx Smart BMS 1000A

---|---|---

Safety

|

EN-IEC 63000:2018

EMC

|

EN-IEC 61000-6-3:2007/A1:2011/AC:2012

QMS

|

NEN-EN-ISO 9001:2015

10. Appendix

10.1. LED indications, warnings, alarm and error codes

LEDs

The Lynx Smart BMS is equipped with two LEDs, the Bluetooth LED and the Status LED. These LEDs will indicate the operation mode and the fault mode in case there is a fault.

Bluetooth LED

|

Description

---|---

Off

|

No system power or Bluetooth disabled in VictronConnect app. Bluetooth can be disabled in both, VictronConnect and a GX device, but only enabled from a GX device.

Blue on

|

A Bluetooth device is connected to the Lynx Smart BMS

Blue flashing

|

Bluetooth is active but no device is connected

Blue flashing at 3 seconds interval

|

The Lynx Smart BMS is in OFF mode but is still accessible over Bluetooth

Status LED

|

Description

---|---

Off

|

The Lynx Smart BMS is in OFF mode

Orange on

|

Initializing or shutdown

Orange blinking

|

Delayed shutdown due to cooling down the pre-charge circuit

Green on

|

Running, the contactor is closed

Green blinking

|

Pre-charging

Green flashing at 3 seconds interval

|

The Lynx Smart BMS is in Standby mode

Green and red alternating

|

System in bootloader mode (updating firmware)

Red flashing 1 time every 4 seconds

|

Warning, see VictronConnect for more information

Red flashing 2 times every 4 seconds

|

Battery communication error, check battery BMS cables

Red flashing 3 times every 4 seconds

|

High/low cell voltage or high/low temperature detected

Red flashing 4 times every 4 seconds

|

High BMS temperature detected

Red flashing 5 times every 4 seconds

|

Pre-charge time out

Red flashing 6 times every 4 seconds

|

Pre-charge high current

Red flashing 7 times every 4 seconds

|

Probably wrong system voltage

Red flashing 8 times every 4 seconds

|

Contactor current too high

Red flashing 9 times every 4 seconds

|

Initialization error

Red flashing 10 times every 4 seconds

|

Safety contactor failure

Red flashing 12 times every 4 seconds

|

Internal supply error

Red flashing 14 times every 4 seconds

|

Battery voltage not allowed

Warning, alarm and error codes

Warning, alarm and error codes are also reported via the VictronConnect app or a connected GX device and VRM.

A warning indicates a problem that, if not corrected, will result in a system shutdown, while an alarm indicates the reason for the system shutdown.

Lynx Smart BMS alarms on the VictronConnect App and a GX device

The following tables list all warning, alarm and error codes:

Warning codes

VictronCo

nnect

warning

code

|

GX device

warning

code

|

Message

|

Instructions / remarks

---|---|---|---

W-B01

|

Low cell

voltage

|

Low cell voltage

|

Charge the battery or reduce the load to prevent an imminent system shutdown.

W-B02

|

105 or

106

|

High current

|

Reduce the current to prevent an imminent system shutdown. Do this by reducing the load or by turning loads off.

W-B03

|

101

|

High BMS temperature

|

Check the ambient temperature and check if the BMS fans are running. If the fans are running, reduce the ambient temperature. If the fans are not running, contact your Victron dealer.

W-B04

|

112

|

Warning bad contactor

|

Reduce the current to prevent an imminent system shutdown. Do this by reducing the load or by turning loads off. Contact your Victron dealer.

W-B06

|

–

|

Load will disconnect

|

The loads will be turned off in 30 seconds if fault is not resolved. For example low battery voltage. This warning is always in combined the reason why the load will disconnect.

The loads are turned off via the ATD contact and/or via the GX device.

W-B07

|

–

|

Low SoC

|

Charge battery or reduce load to prevent imminent system shutdown.

W-D01

|

221

|

Communication with distributor A lost

|

Check the cable between BMS and Distributor.

W-D02

|

222

|

Communication with distributor B lost

|

Check the cable between BMS and Distributor.

VictronCo

nnect

warning

code

|

GX device

warning

code

|

Message

|

Instructions / remarks

---|---|---|---

W-D03

|

223

|

Communication with distributor C lost

|

Check the cable between BMS and Distributor.

W-D04

|

224

|

Communication with distributor D lost

|

Check the cable between BMS and Distributor.

Alarm codes

VictronCo

nnect

alarm code

|

GX device

alarm code

|

Message

|

Instructions / remarks

---|---|---|---

A-B01

|

103

|

Low cell voltage

|

Charge battery. The system will turn the loads back on when the battery is sufficiently charged.

A-B02

|

105 or

106

|

High current

|

Reduce charging current or turn off some loads. The system will try to re- enable chargers or loads in 5 minutes.

A-B06

|

–

|

Load disconnected

|

The loads have been turned off via the ATD contact and/or via the GX device. Resolve this alarm by charging the battery. If not resolved, eventually the contactor will open and the DC system will be disconnected.

A-B07

|

–

|

Low SoC

|

Charge battery. The system will turn the loads back on when the battery is sufficiently charged.

Error codes

VictronCo

nnect error

code

|

GX device

error code

|

Message

|

Instructions / remarks

---|---|---|---

E-B09

|

09

|

Battery voltage not allowed

|

The battery voltage is too high or too low. Check the battery voltage and check the battery settings in the VictronConnect app.

This error occurs when the battery voltage is outside all system voltage ranges (9V > Vbat > 60V)

E-B11

|

11

|

Hardware error

|

Contact your Victron dealer.

E-B25

|

25

|

Pre-charge error

|

The load resistance is too low to pre-charge the loads. Disconnect or reduce some DC loads.

E-B26

|

26

|

Contactor error

|

Contact your Victron dealer.

E-B34

|

34

|

Wrong system voltage

|

Check battery voltage settings in the

VictronConnect app.

E-B35

|

35

|

Pre-charge timeout

|

The load capacity is too high to pre-charge. Disconnect some DC loads.

E-B36

|

36

|

ATC/ATD failure

|

Check ATC/ATD wiring and make sure that all loads and chargers are controlled by ATC or ATD.

E-B119

|

119

|

Settings data lost

|

Settings data is corrupt. Go to the settings page and reset to defaults.

Alarm codes Lynx Distributor related

VictronCo

nnect

alarm code

|

GX device

alarm code

|

Message

|

Instruction / remarks

---|---|---|---

A-F01

|

201

|

Fuse “Fuse_1” is blown

|

Fuse is blown. Replace fuse.

A-F02

|

202

|

Fuse “Fuse_2” is blown

A-F03

|

203

|

Fuse “Fuse_3” is blown

A-F04

|

204

|

Fuse “Fuse_4” is blown

A-F05

|

205

|

Fuse “Fuse_5” is blown

A-F06

|

206

|

Fuse “Fuse_6” is blown

A-F07

|

207

|

Fuse “Fuse_7” is blown

A-F08

|

208

|

Fuse “Fuse_8” is blown

A-F09

|

209

|

Fuse “Fuse_9” is blown

A-F10

|

210

|

Fuse “Fuse_10” is blown

A-F11

|

211

|

Fuse “Fuse_11” is blown

A-F12

|

212

|

Fuse “Fuse_12” is blown

A-F13

|

213

|

Fuse “Fuse_13” is blown

A-F14

|

214

|

Fuse “Fuse_14” is blown

A-F15

|

215

|

Fuse “Fuse_15” is blown

A-F16

|

216

|

Fuse “Fuse_16” is blown

10.2. Supported NMEA 2000 PGNs

Description

|

PGN

---|---

Product Information

|

126996

DC detailed Status

|

127506

DC/Battery Status

|

127508

Switch Bank Status

• Status 1: Contactor

• Status 2: Alarm

• Status 3: Battery voltage low

• Status 4: Battery voltage high

• Status 5: Programmable relay status

|

127501

Class and function:

• N2K device class: Electrical generation

• N2K device function: Battery

For more information see the NMEA2000 & MFD integration guide.

10.3. List of battery monitor settings

Description

|

default value

|

adjustable

|

fixed

|

automatic

---|---|---|---|---

Battery capacity

|

200Ah

|

Yes

|

No

|

No

Charged voltage

|

14.0V/28.0V/56.0V*

|

Yes

|

No

|

No

Tail current

|

4%

|

Yes

|

No

|

No

Zero current calibration

|

—

|

No

|

No

|

Yes (at power up)

Peukert exponent

|

1.05

|

No

|

Yes

|

No

Description

|

default value

|

adjustable

|

fixed

|

automatic

---|---|---|---|---

Charge efficiency factor

|

99%

|

No

|

Yes

|

No

Current threshold

|

0.05A

|

No

|

Yes

|

No

Low SoC warning level

|

15%

|

Yes

|

No

|

No

Discharge floor

|

10%

|

Yes

|

No

|

No

Delta T

|

1

|

No

|

Yes

|

No

SoC Cycle end

|

90%

|

No

|

Yes

|

No

SoC Cycle

|

65%

|

No

|

Yes

|

No

SoC full discharge

|

5%

|

No

|

Yes

|

No

• for a 12V/24V/48V system

10.4. Multiconnector pin-out and overview

Pin

|

Name

|

Type

|

Function

---|---|---|---

1

|

AUX voltage output +

|

System

voltage

positive

|

The positive connection to power auxiliary devices, like a GX device.

2

|

AUX voltage output –

|

System

voltage

negative

|

The negative (ground) connection to power auxiliary devices, like a GX device.

3

|

Allow to charge

|

Potential free

contact

|

Turns chargers on or off via a wired signal. Pin 3 can be used as the signal input for pin 4 and wired e. g. from AUX + or AUX -. See system examples for correct wiring.

When charging is allowed, the contacts are closed and when not allowed, the contacts are open.

4

5

|

Allow to discharge

|

Potential free

contact

|

Turns loads on or off via a wired signal. Pin 5 can be used as the signal input for pin 6 and wired, e. g. from AUX + or AUX -. See system examples for correct wiring.

When discharging is allowed, the contacts are closed and when not allowed, the contacts are open.

6

7

|

Programmable relay NC

|

Potential free

contact

|

The programmable relay is used to either control an alternator or as an alarm relay. For details, see chapter Programmable relay wiring [10].

8

|

Programmable relay COM

|

Potential free

contact

9

|

Programmable relay NO

|

Potential free

contact

10

|

Remote on/off H

|

Pull-up

resistor

|

To remotely turn the Lynx Smart BMS on or off. For full functionality, see chapter Wiring a Remote on/off switch [10].

11

|

Remote on/off L

|

Pull-down

resistor

12

|

TEMP +

|

Sensor

|

Positive Input for external temperature sensor (1000A only, not supported, future use)

13

|

TEMP –

|

Sensor

|

Negative Input for external temperature sensor (1000A only, not supported, future use)

10.5. Lynx Smart BMS related menu structure of the GX device

This is an overview of the Lynx Smart BMS related menu structure of the GX device. To see all menu items shown here, Venus OS v2.90 or later is required.

Menu item Default value /

Description and / or possible values unit

Lynx Smart BMS Shows SoC, voltage and current in the device list

Page 36 Appendix

Menu item Default value / unit

Lynx Smart BMS

Description and / or possible values

Switch On Soft switch to manually switch the Lynx Smart BMS to Standby or On mode

State Running Possible states: Initialising, Pre-charging, Running, Shutdown, Standby

Error #0 – No error Error state

Battery Voltage, current, power

Shows current battery monitor data

State of charge % State of charge in percent

Consumed AmpHours Ah Displays the consumed AH since the battery was last fully charged

Time-to-go Days / Hours Displays the estimated time, based on the current load and discharge floor setting

Alarms

High internal temperature Ok

Low cell voltage Ok

Low SoC Ok

History

Deepest discharge Ah The deepest discharge since last history reset Total charge cycles 0 Number of charge cycles since last history reset Number of full discharges 0 A full discharge is accounted for after SoC falls below 5% Cumulative Ah drawn Ah Cumulative Ah drawn since last history reset Minimum voltage V Minimum voltage since last history reset

Maximum voltage V Maximum voltage since last history reset Synchronisation count 0 Cumulative number of battery monitor synchronisations Discharged energy kWh Cumulative number of discharged energy since last history reset Charged energy kWh Cumulative number of charged energy since last history reset Clear history Press to clear Clears all history data

Diagsnostics

Diagnostics Shows last known errors

Fuses

Distributor A Ok Possible states: Ok, Fuse blown

Fuse 1..4 Ok Possible states: Ok, Not used, Blown

Distributor B Ok Possible states: Ok, Fuse blown

Fuses 1..4 Ok Possible states: Ok, Not used, Blown

System switch Enabled Status of the system switch

Allow to charge Yes Status of the ATC signal

Allow to discharge Yes Status of the ATD signal

Device Device related parameters and custom name setting Parameters

Charge Voltage Limit (CVL) V Shows the voltage target send to DVCC compatible chargers (for a 12V battery: 13.50V or 14.20V)

Charge Current Limit (CCL) A Maximum allowed charge current limit send to DVCC compatible chargers

Discharge Current Limit (DCL) A Maximum allowed discharge current limit Page 37 Appendix

10.6. Enclosure dimensions

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