BRESSER 9118400 National Geographic Telescope + Microscope Set Instruction Manual

National Geographic Telescope + Microscope Set
TELE-MICRO SET

50/360
TELESCOPE

40X-640X
MICROSCOPE
Operating instructions

WARNING:
Never use this device to look directly at the sun or in the direct proximity of the sun. Doing so may result in a risk of blindness.

MANUAL DOWNLOAD:

http://www.bresser.de/P9118400

TELESCOPE

General Warnings

• Risk of blindness — Never use this device to look directly at the sun or in the direct proximity of the sun. Doing so may result in a risk of blindness.
• Choking hazard — Children should only use the device under adult supervision. Keep packaging material, like plastic bags and rubber bands, out of the reach of children, as these materials pose a choking hazard.
• Risk of fire — Do not place the device, particularly the lenses, in direct sunlight. The concentration of light could cause a fire.
• Do not disassemble the device. In the event of a defect, please contact your dealer. The dealer will contact the Service Centre and can send the device in to be repaired, if necessary.
• Do not expose the device to high temperatures.
• The device is intended only for private use. Please heed the privacy of other people. Do not use this device to look into apartments, for example.

Parts overview

1. Focus wheel
2. Zenith mirror
3. Eyepieces (12.5 mm, 20 mm)
4. Telescope (Telescope tube)| 5. Lens hood
6. Objective lens
7. Locating screw for the vertical fine adjustment (for moving upward and downward)
8. Tripod legs
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You should take some time to decide where you would like to set up your telescope. Choose a stable surface like a table. Mount the telescope to the tripod with the locating screw for the vertical fine adjustment (7) (Fig. 1). You can now place the zenith mirror (2) into the eyepiece holder and secure it with the small screw on the connector (Fig. 2). Next, set the eyepiece (3) into the opening of the zenith mirror (2) (Fig. 2). Here too, there is a screw with which you can screw the eyepiece onto the zenith mirror.

Note: First, put the eyepiece with the largest focal width (e.g. 20 mm) onto the zenith mirror. While you’ll get the least amount of magnification, it will be easier for you to view things.

Azimuthal mounting

Azimuthal mounting means that you can move your telescope up and down, without having to adjust the tripod.
Use the locating screw for the vertical fine adjustment (7) to locate and lock onto the position of an object (to focus an object).

Which eyepiece is right?
It is important that you always choose an eyepiece with the highest focal width at the beginning of your observation. Afterward, you can gradually move to eyepieces with smaller focal widths. The focal width is indicated in millimetres and is written on each eyepiece. In general, the following is true: the larger the focal width of an eyepiece, the smaller the magnification. There is a simple formula for calculating the magnification:
Focal width of the telescope tube : Focal width of the eyepiece = Magnification

The magnification also depends on the focal width of the telescope tube. This telescope contains a tube with a focal width of 360 mm.

Examples:
360 mm / 20 mm = 18X magnification /360 mm / 12.5 mm = 29X magnification

Focus wheel

Look through the telescope eyepiece (3) and hone in on a far away object that you can see well (for instance, a church tower). Focus in on the object with the focus knob (1) in the way shown in Fig. 3.

Technical data:

• Design: achromatic
• Focal width: 360 mm
• Objective diameter: 50 mm

Notes on cleaning

• Clean the eyepieces and lenses only with a soft, lint-free cloth, like a microfibre cloth. To avoid scratching the lenses, use only gentle pressure with the cleaning cloth.
• To remove more stubborn dirt, moisten the cleaning cloth with an eyeglass-cleaning solution, and wipe the lenses gently.
• Protect the device from dust and moisture. After use, particularly in high humidity, let the device acclimatise for a short period of time, so that the residual moisture can dissipate before storing.

Possible observation targets

The following section details several interesting and easy-to-find celestial objects you may want to observe through your telescope.

The Moon
The moon is Earth’s only natural satellite.
Diameter: 3,476 km / Distance: 384,400 km from Earth (average)

The moon has been known to humans since prehistoric times. It is the second brightest object in the sky, after the sun. Because the moon circles the Earth once per month, the angle between the Earth, the moon and the sun is constantly changing; one sees this change in the phases of the moon. The time between two consecutive new moon phases is about 29.5 days (709 hours).

Constellation Orion: The Orion Nebula (M 42)
Right Ascension: 05 h 35 m (hours : minutes) / Declination: -05° 22′ (Degrees : minutes)
Distance: 1,344 light years from Earth

Though it is more than 1,344 light years from Earth, the Orion Nebula (M 42) is the brightest diffuse nebula in the sky. It is visible even with the naked eye and a worthwhile object for telescopes of all types and sizes. The nebula consists of a gigantic cloud of hydrogen gas with a diameter of hundreds of light years.

Constellation Lyra: The Ring Nebula (M 57)
Right Ascension: 18 h 53 m (hours : minutes) / Declination: +33° 02′ (Degrees : minutes) Distance: 2,412 light years from Earth

The famous Ring Nebula (M57) in the Lyra constellation is often viewed as the prototype of a planetary nebula. It is one of the magnificent features of the Northern Hemisphere’s summer sky. Recent studies have shown that it is probably comprised of a ring (torus) of brightly shining material that surrounds the central star (only visible with larger telescopes), and not a gas structure in the form of a sphere or an ellipse. If you were to look at the Ring Nebula from the side, it would look like the Dumbbell Nebula (M 27). When viewed from Earth, we are looking directly at the pole of the nebula.

Constellation Vulpecula (Little Fox): The Dumbbell Nebula (M 27)
Right Ascension: 19 h 59 m (hours : minutes) / Declination: +22° 43′ (Degrees : minutes) Distance: 1,360 light years from Earth

The Dumbbell Nebula (M 27) was the first planetary nebula ever discovered. On 12 July 1764, Charles Messier discovered this new and fascinating class of objects. We see this object almost directly from its equatorial plane. If we could see the Dumbbell Nebula from one of its poles, we would probably see the shape of a ring, something very similar to what we know as the Ring Nebula (M 57). In reasonably good weather, we can see this object well, even with low magnification.

Telescope ABC’s What do the following terms mean?

Eyepiece (3):
An eyepiece is a system made for your eye and comprised of one or more lenses. An eyepiece captures and magnifies the clear image that is generated in the focal point of a lens even more. There is a simple formula for calculating the magnification: Focal width of the telescope tube / Focal width of the eyepiece = Magnification. In a telescope, the magnification depends on both the focal width of the telescope tube and the focal width of the eyepiece. From this formula, we see that if you use an eyepiece with a focal width of 20 mm and a telescope tube with a focal width of 360 mm, you will get the following magnification: 360 mm / 20 mm = 18 times magnification

Focal width:
Everything that magnifies an object via an optic (lens) has a certain focal width. The focal width is the length of the path the light travels from the surface of the lens to its focal point. The focal point is also referred to as the focus. In focus, the image is clear. In the case of a telescope, the focal widths of the telescope tube and the eyepieces are combined.

Lens:
The lens turns the light which falls on it around so that the light gives a clear image in the focal point after it has traveled a certain distance (focal width).

Magnification:
The magnification corresponds to the difference between observation with the naked eye and observation through a magnification apparatus (e.g. a telescope). Observation with the eye is considered ‘single’, or 1X magnification. Accordingly, if a telescope has a magnification of 18X, then an object viewed through the telescope will appear 18 times larger than it would with the naked eye. See also ‘Eyepiece’.

Zenith mirror (2):
A mirror that deflects rays of light at a 90 degree angle. With a horizontal telescope tube, this device deflects the light upwards so that you can comfortably observe by looking downward into the eyepiece. The image in a zenith mirror appears upright, but rotated around its vertical axis (what is left appears right and vice versa).

DISPOSAL

Dispose of the packaging materials properly, according to their type, such as paper or cardboard. Contact your local waste-disposal service or environmental authority for information on the proper disposal.

Please take the current legal regulations into account when disposing of your device. You can get more information on the proper disposal from your local waste-disposal service or environmental authority.

WARNING:
Choking hazard — This product contains small parts that could be swallowed by children. This poses a choking hazard.

MICROSCOPE

General Warnings

• WARNING — Contains functional sharp edges and points. Choking hazard – small parts. Not for children under three years.
• Choking hazard — This product contains small parts that could be swallowed by children. This poses a choking hazard.
• Risk of electric shock — This device contains electronic components that operate via a power source (power supply and/or batteries). Only use the device as described in the manual, otherwise you run the risk of an electric shock.
• Risk of fire/explosion — Do not expose the device to high temperatures. Use only the recommended batteries. Do not short-circuit the device or batteries, or throw them into a fire. Excessive heat or improper handling could trigger a short-circuit, a fire or an explosion.
• Risk of chemical burn — Make sure you insert the batteries correctly. Empty or damaged batteries could cause burns if they come into contact with the skin. If necessary, wear adequate gloves for protection.
• Do not disassemble the device. In the event of a defect, please contact your dealer. The dealer will contact the Service Centre and can send the device in to be repaired, if necessary.
• Tools with sharp edges are often used when working with this device. Because there is a risk of injury from such tools, store this device and all tools and accessories in a location that is out of the reach of children.

Parts overview

1. Zoom Eyepiece and Eyecup
2. Focus knob
3. Objective turret
4. Stage
5. On/off switch ( illumination)
6. Electronic light source
7. Base with battery compartment
8. Battery compartment| 9. Cover plates
10. Blank Slides and Prepared slide
11. Reservoir and Yeast
12. Tweezers
13. Wheel with pinhole apertures
14. Measuring cup
15. Hatchery
16. Smartphone holder
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What is a microscope?

A microscope contains two lens systems: the eyepiece and the objective. We’re presenting these systems as one lens each so that the concept is easier to understand. In reality, however, the eyepiece (1) and the objective in the turret (3) are made up of multiple lenses. The lower lens (objective) produces a magnified image of the prepared specimen (10). The picture, which you can’t see, is magnified once more by the second lens (eyepiece, 1), which you can see as the ‘microscope picture’.

Assembly and location

Before you start, choose an ideal location for using your microscope. It’s important that you choose a spot with enough light for normal observation. Furthermore, it is recommended that you place the microscope on a stable surface, because a shaky surface will not lead to satisfactory results.

Normal observation

For normal observation, place the microscope in a bright location (near a window or desk lamp, for example). Turn the focus knob (2) to the upper stop, and set the objective turret (3) to the lowest magnification.

Now, turn on the light using the switch on the microscope base. You’ll find further tips about the light source in the next section. Now, place a prepared slide (10) under the clips on the stage (4), directly under the objective (1). When you take a look through the eyepiece, you can see the magnified specimen. At this point, you still might see a slightly fuzzy picture. Adjust the image sharpness by slowly turning the focus knob (2). You can now select a higher magnification by turning the objective turret and selecting a different objective.

When you do so, note that the sharpness of the picture must be adjusted again for the higher magnification. Also, the higher the magnification, the more light you will need for good illumination of the picture.
The wheel with pinhole apertures (13) below the microscope stage (4) will help you in viewing very bright or clear-sighted preparations. Turn the wheel (13) till the best contrast is achieved.

Observation (electronic light source)

For observation with the electronic light source (6) you need to insert 2 AA batteries 1.5 V, in the battery compartment (8) on the base of the microscope (7). The battery compartment is opened using a Phillips screwdriver. Insert the batteries with the correct polarity (+/- indication). Put the battery cover first into the small opening so that the lid fits perfectly. Now you can tighten the screw. The lighting is switched on when you turn the switch on the microscope base. Now you can observe in the same way as described in the previous section. TIP: The higher the magnification you use the more light is required for a good illumination of the picture. Therefore, always start your experiments with a low magnification.

Smartphone holder

Attach the smartphone holder to the eyepiece.
The suction cups must be clean and free from dust and dirt. A slight moistening is helpful.
Now press your smartphone on the retaining plate and make sure that it is properly secured.  As a backup, you should secure it with the enclosed rubber strap. Smartphones with a rough surface will not hold as good as smartphones with a smooth surface.
Now start the Camera app.
The camera needs to rest just above the eyepiece. Center the smartphone exactly over the eyepiece, so the image can be seen precisely centered on your screen.
In some cases you need to adjust with the zoom function to display the image fullscreen. A light shading at the edges is possible.
Take the smartphone carefully off the holder after use.
NOTE:
Make sure that the smartphone can not slip out of the holder.
Bresser GmbH assumes no liability for any damages caused by a dropped smartphone.

Condition and prepare viewed objects

Condition

This microscope features transmitted light, so that transparent specimens can be examined. If opaque specimens are being examined, the light from below goes through the specimen, lens and eyepiece to the eye and is magnified en route (direct light principle). Some small water organisms, plant parts and animal components are transparent by nature, but many others require pretreatment — that is, you need to make a thinnest possible slice of the object by hand cutting or using a microtome, and then examine this sample.

Creation of thin preparation cuts

Specimens should be sliced as thin as possible. A little wax or paraffin is needed to achieve the best results. Put the wax into a heat-safe bowl and heat it over a flame until the wax is melted. You can use a candle flame to melt the wax.

DANGER!
Be exremely carfeful when dealing with hot wax, as there is a danger of being burned.

Then, dip the specimen several times in the liquid wax. Allow the wax that encases the specimen to harden. Use a MicroCut or other small knife or scalpel to make very thin slices of the object in its wax casing.
DANGER!
Be extremely careful when using the MicroCut, knife or scalpel. These instruments are very sharp and pose a risk of injury. Place the slices on a glass slide and cover them with another slide before attempting to view them with the microscope.

6.3. Creation of your own preparation
Put the object to be observed on a glass slide and cover the object with a drop of distilled water using the pipette (12).
Set a cover glass (available at a well-stocked hobby shop) perpendicular to the edge of the water drop, so that the water runs along the edge of the cover glass. Now lower now the cover glass slowly over the water drop.

Experiments

Now that you’re familiar with your microscope’s functions and how to prepare slides, you can complete the following experiments and observe the results under your microscope.
7.1. How do You Raise Brine Shrimp?
Accessories (from your microscope set):

1. Shrimp eggs
2. Sea salt,
3. Hatchery,
4. Yeast.

The Life Cycle of Brine Shrimp
Brine shrimp, or “Artemia salina,” as they are called by scientists, have an unusual and interesting life cycle. The eggs produced by the female are hatched without ever being fertilized by a male shrimp. The shrimp that hatch from these eggs are all females. In unusual circumstances, e.g. when the marsh dries up, the male shrimp can hatch. These males fertilize the eggs of the females and from this mating, special eggs come about. These eggs, so-called “winter eggs,” have a thick shell, which protects them. The winter eggs are very resistant and capable of survival if the marsh or lake dries out, killing off the entire shrimp population. They can persist for 5-10 years in a “sleep” status. The eggs hatch when the proper environmental conditions are reproduced. These are the type of eggs you have in your microscope set.

The Incubation of the Brine Shrimp
In order to incubate the shrimp, you first need to create a salt solution that corresponds to the living conditions of the shrimp. For this, put a half liter of rain or tap water in a container. Let the water sit for approx. 30 hours. Since the water evaporates over time, it is advisable to fill a second container with water and let it sit for 36 hours. After the water has sat stagnant for this period of time, add half of the included sea salt to the container and stir it until all of the salt is dissolved. Now, put a few eggs in the container and cover it with a dish. Place the glass container in a bright location, but don’t put it in direct sunlight. Since you have a hatchery, you cal also add the salt solution along with a few eggs to each of the four compartments of the tank. The temperature should be around 25º. At this temperature, the shrimps will hatch in about 2-3 days. If the water in the glass evaporates, add some water from the second container.

The Brine Shrimp under the Microscope
The animal that hatches from the egg is known by the name “nauplius larva.” With the help of a pipette, you can place a few of these larvae on a glass slide and observe them. The larvae will move around in the salt water by using their hair-like appendages. Take a few larvae from the container each day and observe them under the microscope. In case you’ve hatched the larvae in a hatchery, simply take off the cover of the tank and place the tank on the stage. Depending on the room temperature, the larvae will be mature in 6-10 weeks. Soon, you will have had raised a whole generation of brine shrimp, which will constantly grow in numbers.

Feeding your Brine Shrimp
In order to keep the brine shrimp alive, they must be fed from time to time, of course. This must be done carefully, since overfeeding can make the water become foul and poison our shrimp population. The feeding is done with dry yeast in powdered form. A little bit of this yeast every second day is enough. If the water in the compartments of the hatchery or your container turns dark, that is a sign that it is gone bad. Take the shrimp out of the water right away and place them in a fresh salt solution.

Warning!
The shrimp eggs and the shrimp are not meant to be eaten!

7.2. Textile fibres
Objects and accessories:

1. Threads of different textiles: Cotton, linen, wool, silk, Celanese, nylon and any others you can find.
2. Two needles: Put each thread on a glass slide and fray each with the help of the two needles. Put a drop of water over each thread with the pipette and cover each with a cover glass. Adjust the microscope to a low magnification. Cotton fibres are of plant origin and look, under the microscope, like a flat, twisted band. The fibres are thicker and rounder at the edges than in the centre. Cotton fibres consist primarily of long, collapsed tubes. Linen fibres are also of plant origin; they are round and run in straight lines. The fibres shine like silk and exhibit numerous swellings along the shaft of the fibre. Silk is of animal origin and consists of solid fibres of smaller diameter than the hollow vegetable fibres. Each silk fibre is smooth and even and has the appearance of a small glass rod. Wool fibres are also of animal origin; the surface consists of overlapping scales, which appear broken and wavy. If possible, compare wool fibres from different weaving mills, and note the differences in the appearance of the fibres. Experts can determine the country of origin of wool based on its appearance under a microscope. Celanese is artificially manufactured by a long chemical process. All Celanese fibres show hard, dark lines on a smooth, shining surface. The fibres crinkle in the same way after drying. Observe the similarities and differences between the different fibres.

Notes on Cleaning

• Before cleaning the device, disconnect it from the power supply by removing the plug or batteries.
• Only use a dry cloth to clean the exterior of the device. To avoid damaging the electronics, do not use any cleaning fluid.
• Protect the device from dust and moisture.
• The batteries should be removed from the unit if it has not been used for a long time.

EC Declaration of Conformity

Bresser GmbH has issued a “Declaration of Conformity” in accordance with applicable guidelines and corresponding standards. The full text of the EU declaration of conformity is available at the following internet address: www.bresser.de/download/9118400/CE/9118400_CE.pdf

Disposal

Dispose of the packaging materials properly, according to their type, such as paper or cardboard. Contact your local waste-disposal service or environmental authority for information on the proper disposal.

Do not dispose of electronic devices in the household garbage! As per Directive 2002/96/EC of the European Parliament on waste electrical and electronic equipment and its adaptation into German law, used electronic devices must be collected separately and recycled in an environmentally friendly manner. Empty, old batteries must be disposed of at battery collection points by the consumer. You can find out more information about the disposal of devices or batteries produced after 6 January 2006 from your local waste-disposal service or environmental authority.

In accordance with the regulations concerning batteries and rechargeable batteries, disposing of them in the normal household waste is explicitly forbidden. Please make sure to dispose of your used batteries as required by law — at a local collection point or in the retail market. Disposal in domestic waste violates the Battery Directive.

Batteries that contain toxins are marked with a sign and a chemical symbol.

1 .battery contains cadmium
2. battery contains mercury
3. battery contains lead

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Bresser GmbH
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www.bresser.de · info@bresser.de

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