iCOM IC-A16 VHF Air Band Transceivers Instruction Manual
- June 6, 2024
- ICOM
Table of Contents
iCOM IC-A16 VHF Air Band Transceivers
Thank you for choosing this Icom product. This product is designed and built with Icom’ s state of the art technology and craftsmanship. With proper care, this product should provide you with years of trouble-free operation.
Important
READ ALL INSTRUCTIONS carefully and completely before using the transceiver. SAVE THIS INSTRUCTION MANUAL — This instruction manual contains important operating instructions for the IC-A16 and IC-A16E. For Advanced features and instructions, see the FULL MANUAL on the Icom website for details. http://www.icom.co.jp/world/support/download/manual
Explicit definitions
WORD | DEFINITION |
---|---|
R DANGER! | Personal death, serious injury or an explosion may occur. |
R WARNING! | Personal injury, fire hazard or electric shock may occur. |
CAUTION | Equipment damage may occur. |
NOTE | If disregarded, inconvenience only. No risk of personal injury, |
fire or
electric shock.
Features
- 25 kHz/8.33 kHz channel spacing compatible
- Bluetooth® function that can connect your Wireless headset*1
- Compact, waterproof durable design (IP67/IP54*2 and MIL-STD-810-G)
- 17 hours battery life (With the BP-280). 1 For only transceivers with the built-in Bluetooth unit.
- 2 Only when the battery, antenna, and jack cap are attached.
Supplied accessories
NOTE:
- Some accessories are not supplied, or the shape is different, depending on the transceiver version.
- Confirm both battery sliding locks are locked in place, when attaching the battery pack or the battery case to the transceiver. Both sliding locks make a ‘click’ sound when locked.
Precautions
-
DANGER! NEVER use or charge Icom battery packs with non-Icom transceivers or non-Icom chargers. Only Icom battery packs are tested and approved for use with Icom transceivers or charged with Icom chargers. Using third-party or counterfeit battery packs or chargers may cause smoke, fire, or cause the battery to burst.
-
WARNING! NEVER hold the transceiver so that the antenna is very close to, or touching exposed parts of the body, especially the face or eyes, while transmitting.
-
WARNING! NEVER operate the transceiver with a headset or other audio accessories at high volume levels. The continuous high volume operation may cause a ringing in your ears. If you experience the ringing, reduce the volume level or discontinue use.
-
CAUTION : DO NOT short the terminals of the battery pack. Shorting may occur if the terminals touch metal objects such as a key, so be careful when placing the battery packs (or the transceiver) in bags, and so on. Carry them so that shorting cannot occur with metal objects. Shorting may damage not only the battery pack, but also the transceiver.
-
CAUTION : DO NOT use harsh solvents such as Benzine or alcohol when cleaning. This could damage the equipment surfaces. If the surface becomes dusty or dirty, wipe it clean with a soft, dry cloth.
-
CAUTION : DO NOT place or leave the transceiver in excessively dusty environments. This could damage the transceiver.
-
DO NOT
place or leave the transceiver in direct sunlight or in areas outside of the specified temperature range: IC-A16: –10°C (–14˚F) ~ +60°C (+140˚F) IC-A16E: –20°C ~ +55°C -
BE CAREFUL! The transceiver meets: IP67/IP54 requirements (IP67: Dust tight and waterproof protection, IP54: Dust protection and splash resistance). However, once the transceiver has been dropped, dust and waterproof protections cannot be guaranteed due to the fact that the transceiver may be cracked, or the waterproof seal damaged, and so on. Only when the jack cover or the optional speaker microphone is attached. This transceiver is NOT approved for use by the general population in an uncontrolled environment. This transceiver is restricted to occupational use, work related operations only where the transceiver operator must have the knowledge to control. This equipment is not suitable for use in locations where children are likely to be present.
-
CAUTION : In Canada, use of 8.33 kHz Channel Spacing of this radio is strictly prohibited and shall not be used. Icom, Icom Inc. and Icom logo are registered trademarks of Icom Incorporated (Japan) in Japan, the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Spain, Russia, Australia, New Zealand, and/or other countries. The Bluetooth® word mark and logos are registered trademarks owned by Bluetooth SIG, Inc. and any use of such marks by Icom Inc. is under license. Other trademarks and trade names are those of their respective owners. 3M, PELTOR, and WS are trademarks of 3M Company. All other products or brands are registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective holders.
Icom is not responsible for the destruction, damage to, or performance of any Icom or non-Icom equipment, if the malfunction is because of:
- Force majeure, including, but not limited to, fires, earthquakes, storms, floods, lightning, other natural disasters, disturbances, riots, war, or radioactive contamination.
- The use of Icom transceivers with any equipment that is not manufactured or approved by Icom.
Recommendation
CLEAN THE TRANSCEIVER THOROUGHLY IN A BOWL OF FRESH WATER after exposure to saltwater, and dry it before operating. Otherwise, the transceiver’s keys, switches, and controllers may become unusable, due to salt crystallization, and/or the charging terminals of the battery pack may corrode.
NOTE : If the transceiver’s waterproof protection appears defective, carefully clean it with a soft, damp (fresh water) cloth, then dry it before operating. The transceiver may lose its waterproof protection if the case, jack cap, or connector cover is cracked or broken, or the transceiver has been dropped. Contact your Icom distributor or your dealer for advice.
PANEL DESCRIPTION
Front, top and side panels
-
ANTENNA CONNECTOR
Connect the supplied antenna. -
PTT SWITCH [PTT]
Hold down to transmit, release to receive. -
SQUELCH ADJUSTMENT KEYS [SQL]/[SQL]
Push to adjust the squelch level. -
UP/DOWN KEYS []/[]
- Push to change or select the frequency, Memory channel, Set mode settings, and so on.
- While scanning, push to change the scanning direction.
-
CLEAR/HOME KEY [CLR]/[HOME]
- Push to return to the VFO mode.
-
MEMORY/MEMORY WRITE KEY [MR]/[MW]
- Push to enter the Memory Channel Selection mode.
- Push [FUNC], and then push this key to enter the Memory Write mode.
-
HEADSET JACK
Connects a third party headset through the optional headset adapter. -
LOCK KEY [ ]
- Push to lock the keypad.
- Hold down for 2 seconds to unlock the keypad.
-
VOLUME/POWER SWITCH [VOL]
- Rotate to turn the transceiver ON or OFF.
- Rotate to adjust the audio output level.
Keypad
- Push to set the frequency, select a Memory channel, and so on.
- Push [FUNC], and then push or hold down another key within 3 seconds to use the secondary functions listed below.
KEYS| FUNCTIONS
---|---
Push [1]/[ANL]| Turn the Automatic Noise Limiter (ANL) function ON or OFF.
Push [2]/[SCAN]| Start a scan.
L Push [CLR] to stop a scan.
Push [3]/[GRP]| In the Memory mode, enter the Memory Selection mode.
Push [4]/[WX-ALT]| Turn the Weather Alert function ON or OFF.
Push [5]/[DUP-W]| Enter the Duplex Frequency Entry mode.
L Confirm the NAV band frequency is selected.
Push [6]/[DUP]*| Turn the Duplex function ON or OFF.
L Confirm the NAV band frequency is selected.
Push [7]/[WX]| Enter the Weather Channel Selection mode.
Push [8]/[BEEP]| Turn the Key beep ON or OFF.
Push [9]/[TAG]| Tag or untag the selected Memory channel or Weather Channel.
Hold down [ENT]/[SET] for 1
second
| Enter the Set mode.
Push [0]/[121.5]| Select the emergency frequency.
Function display
-
FUNCTION ICON
Displayed for 3 seconds when you push [FUNC], to use secondary functions assigned to a key. -
MEMORY CHANNEL ICON
Displayed when a Memory channel is selected. -
TAG ICON
Displayed when a tagged Memory channel is selected. -
BLUETOOTH ICON
Displayed when a Bluetooth headset is connected. -
RX/TX ICON
Displayed while receiving or transmitting. -
DUPLEX ICON
- Displayed when the Duplex function is ON.
- Blinks while entering the duplex frequency to a Memory channel.
-
AUTOMATIC NOISE LIMITER ICON
Displayed when the Automatic Noise Limiter function is ON. -
WEATHER ALERT ICON (For only the USA version.)
Displayed when the Weather Alert function is ON. -
LOCK ICON [ ]
Displayed when the Lock function is ON. -
LOW BATTERY ICON
- Displayed when charging is required.
- Blinks when the battery exhausted.
BATTERY CHARGING
Battery caution
Misuse of Li-ion batteries may result in the following hazards: smoke, fire,
or the battery may rupture. Misuse can also cause damage to the battery or
degradation of battery performance.
-
DANGER! NEVER solder the battery terminals, or NEVER modify the battery pack. This may cause heat generation, and the battery may burst, emit smoke or catch fire.
-
DANGER! NEVER place or leave battery packs in areas with temperatures above 60°C (140°F). High temperature buildup in the battery cells, such as could occur near fires or stoves, inside a sun-heated vehicle, or in direct sunlight for long periods of time may cause the battery cells to rupture or catch fire. Excessive temperatures may also degrade the battery pack’s performance or shorten the battery cell’s life.
-
DANGER! NEVER strike or otherwise impact the battery pack. Do not use the battery pack if it has been severely impacted or dropped, or if the pack has been subjected to heavy pressure. Battery pack damage may not be visible on the outside of the case. Even if the surface of the battery does not show cracks or any other damage, the cells inside the battery may rupture or catch fire.
-
NEVER place battery packs near a fire. Fire or heat may cause them to rupture or explode. Dispose of used battery packs in accordance with local regulations.
-
NEVER let fluid from inside the battery get in your eyes. This can cause blindness. Rinse your eyes with clean water, without rubbing them, and immediately go to a doctor.
-
NEVER put the battery pack in a microwave oven, high-pressure container, or in an induction heating cooker. This could cause a fire, overheating, or cause the battery cells to rupture.
-
NEVER Iet fluid from inside the battery cells come in contact with your body. If it does, immediately wash with clean water.
-
CAUTION : DO NOT continue to use the battery pack if it emits an abnormal odor, heats up, or is discolored or deformed. If any of these conditions occur, contact your Icom dealer or distributor.
-
CAUTION : DO NOT expose the battery pack to rain, snow, saltwater, or any other liquids. Do not charge or use a wet pack. If the pack gets wet, be sure to wipe it with a clean dry cloth before using.
-
CAUTION : DO NOT use the battery pack out of the specified temperature range for the transceiver
(–30°C ~ +60°C (–22°F ~ +140°F)) and the battery itself (–20°C ~ +60°C (–4°F ~ +140°F)).
Using the battery out of its specified temperature range will reduce its performance and battery cell’s life. Please note that the specified temperature range of the battery may exceed that of the transceiver. In such cases, the transceiver may not work properly because it is out of its operating temperature range. -
CAUTION : DO NOT leave the pack fully charged, completely discharged, or in an excessive temperature environment (above 50°C, 122°F) for an extended period of time. If the battery pack must be left unused for a long time, it must be detached from the transceiver after discharging. You may use the battery pack until the remaining capacity is about half, then keep it safely in a cool and dry place at the following temperature range: –20°C ~ +50°C (–4°F ~ +122°F) (within a month) –20°C ~ +40°C (–4°F ~ +104°F) (within three months) –20°C ~ +20°C (–4°F ~ +68°F) (within a year) BE SURE to replace the battery pack with a new one approximately five years after manufacturing, even if it still holds a charge. The material inside the battery cells will become weak after a period of time, even with little use. The estimated number of times you can charge the pack is between 300 and 500. Even when the pack appears to be fully charged, the operating time of the transceiver may become short when:
-
Approximately 5 years have passed since the pack was manufactured.
-
The pack has been repeatedly charged.
-
Charging caution
-
DANGER! NEVER charge the battery pack in areas with extremely high temperatures, such as near fires or stoves, inside a sun-heated vehicle, or in direct sunlight. In such environments, the safety/ protection circuit in the battery will activate, causing the battery to stop charging.
-
WARNING! NEVER charge the transceiver during a lightning storm. It may result in an electric shock, cause a fire or damage the transceiver. Always disconnect the power adapter before a storm.
-
NEVER charge or leave the battery in the battery charger beyond the specified time for charging. If the battery is not completely charged by the specified time, stop charging and remove the battery from the battery charger. Continuing to charge the battery beyond the specified time limit may cause a fire, overheating, or the battery may rupture.
-
CAUTION : DO NOT insert the transceiver (battery attached to the transceiver) into the charger if it is wet or soiled. This could corrode the battery charger terminals or damage the charger. The charger is not waterproof.
-
CAUTION : DO NOT charge the battery pack outside of the specified temperature range: 10˚C ~ 40˚C (50˚F ~ 104˚F). Otherwise, the charging time will be longer, but the battery will not reach a full charge. While charging, at a point after the temperature goes out of the specified range, the charging will automatically stop.
Battery charger
NOTE : Before attaching or detaching a battery pack, BE SURE to turn OFF the transceiver by rotating [VOL] fully counter clockwise until it makes a “click” sound. Otherwise, a transceiver malfunction could occur.
Supplied battery charger
Charging time:
Approximately 3.5 hours for the BP-280
The CP-23L (for a 12 V cigarette lighter socket) can be used instead of the power adapter. May not be supplied, or the shape may be different, depending on the transceiver version.
NOTE : If the charging indicator alternately blinks green and orange, remove the battery pack or the transceiver from the charger, then reinsert it.
Optional BC-214 MULTI CHARGER Charging time:
-
Approximately 2 to 3 hours for the BP-280
-
Additionally needed item (purchase separately):
The BC-157S AC ADAPTER or the OPC-656 DC POWER CABLE
CAUTION : DO NOT reverse the polarity when connecting the OPC-656 to a power source. This will ruin the battery charger. Red: +, Black: _ -
A different type, or no power adapter is supplied, depending on the charger version.
-
2 Charger adapter’s shape may differ, depending on the charger version.
SET MODE
Using the Set mode
You can use the Set mode to set infrequently changed values or function settings.
- Push [FUNC], and then hold down [ENT]/[SET] for 1 second.
- The Set mode item is displayed.
- Push [MR]/[MW] to select an item.
- Push [ENT]/[SET] to go to the next tree level, go back a level by pushing [CLR]/[HOME].
- Push or to select an option.
- Push [CLR]/[HOME] to exit the Set mode.
Set mode items
__**ITEM**
Backlight “ ”
MIC gain “ ”
MIC Audio Input “| | ”
VOX setting “ ”
VOX Level “| | ”
VOX delay “ ”
| ”
TOT “| |
Battery voltage “ ”
Bluetooth settings “| ”| |
| Bluetooth “ ”
Auto connect “ ”
Connect/Disconnect
“ ” / “”
Pairing “”
Headset settings “| ”| |
| SCO “”
SP Output “”
Icom headset “| | ”|
| Power save “”
PTT “ ”
PTT Beep “ ”
Initialize Bluetooth unit “| | | ”
CPU version “”
Bluetooth unit version “ ”
See the FULL MANUAL for each menu item’s details. You can download the FULL MANUAL from the Icom website.
- The Set mode items contained in the transceiver may be different, depending on the transceiver’s version or presettings. Ask your dealer for details. http://www.icom.co.jp/world/support/download/manual
BASIC OPERATION
Receiving and transmitting
Setting the frequency
If the transceiver is in the Memory mode, push [CLR]/[HOME] to exit the Memory mode.
- Use the keypad to set the frequency.
Selecting a Memory channel
-
Push [MR]/[MW] to enter the Memory mode.
- “ ” is displayed.
- The memory channelʼs frequency or name is displayed, if it is entered.
-
Push or to select a channel.
TIP : To change the selected group: Confirm the transceiver is in the Memory mode. -
Push [FUNC], and then push [GRP].
-
Push to select a group, and then push [ENT]/[SET].
Receiving
When receiving a signal, “RX” is displayed and audio should be heard. Rotate [VOL] to adjust the audio output level.
Adjusting the squelch level
- Push [SQL]/[SQL] to adjust the squelch level until the noise just disappears, when no signal is received.
- The squelch level is displayed while adjusting.
Using the Automatic Noise Limiter (ANL) function
The function reduces noise components in the received signal, such as those caused by engine ignition systems.
- Push [FUNC], and then push [ANL] to turn the function ON or OFF.
- “ANL” is displayed while the function is ON.
Transmitting
CAUTION : DO NOT transmit without an antenna.
- Hold down [PTT], and then speak at your normal voice level.
- “TX” is displayed.
NOTE : When the battery is exhausted, beep sounds and the transceiver stops transmitting, even if you hold down [PTT].
Selecting the 121.5 MHz emergency frequency
In case of emergency, you can immediately select the 121.5 MHz emergency frequency.
- Push [FUNC], and then push [121.5] to select the emergency frequency.
- Push [CLR] to return to the previously selected frequency.
HEADSET CONNECTION
Using a Bluetooth® headset
(For only transceivers with the built-in Bluetooth unit)
Transceivers with the built-in Bluetooth unit can operate with Bluetooth headsets. The communication range of Bluetooth is approximately 10 meters (33 ft).
NOTE:
- The Bluetooth communication range may vary, depending on the environment where you operate the device.
- Electromagnetic Interference
When you use a Bluetooth device, pay attention to the following: Bluetooth devices operate in the 2.4 GHz band. The 2.4 GHz band is also used by other devices, such as Wireless LAN products, microwave ovens, RFID systems, amateur radio stations, and so on. When using this device near such devices, interference may occur, causing a decrease in communication speed, and an unstable connection. In such cases, use this device away from the other devices, or stop using those devices.
Pairing with a device
You can pair maximum of 4 Bluetooth headsets to the transceiver.
-
These instructions describe pairing with the VS-3 Bluetooth® headset, as an example.
-
Turning ON the transceiver’s Bluetooth function
-
Push [FUNC], and then hold down [ENT]/[SET] for 1 second to enter the Set mode.
-
Select “BT SET,” and then push [ENT]/[SET].
-
Select “ON,” and then push [ENT]/ [SET].
-
Push [CLR]/[HOME] to exit the Set mode.
-
Entering the VS-3 Pairing mode
Refer to the VS-3’s instruction manual for details. -
Pairing and connecting the Bluetooth headset
-
Push [FUNC], and then hold down [ENT]/[SET] for 1 second to enter the Set mode.
-
Select “PAIRING,” and then push [ENT]/[SET].
BT SET > PAIRING
* The transceiver searches for a headset. Push [CLR] to cancel searching. * “SUCCESS” and “ ” is displayed if the headset or device is correctly connected.
- Push [CLR]/[HOME] twice to exit the Set mode.
-
Disconnecting a paired device
You can disconnect a paired Bluetooth device if it is not being used.
-
Push [FUNC], and then hold down [ENT]/[SET] for 1 second to enter the Set mode.
-
Select “DISCON,” and then push [ENT]/[SET].
BT SET > DISCON- “SUCCESS” is displayed and the headset is disconnected.
-
Push [CLR]/[HOME] twice to exit the Set mode.
Unpairing a device
Before unpairing a connected headset or device, disconnect it by following the
steps shown to the left.
- Push [FUNC], and then hold down [ENT]/[SET] for 1 second to enter the Set mode.
- Select “CONNECT,” and then push [ENT]/[SET]. BT SET > CONNECT
- A paired deviceʼs name is displayed.
- Push [MR]/[MW] to display the Bluetooth device address.
- Push to select other paired headsets, if necessary.
- Push [FUNC], and then push [CLR]/[HOME]. “DELETE?” is displayed.
- Push [ENT]/[SET].
- Push [CLR]/[HOME] twice to exit the Set mode.
Using a wired headset
Connect your headset through the optional OPC-2401 headset adapter.
INFORMATION
Channel ID list
- Channel spacing: 8.33 kHz****
Operating Frequency (MHz)| Channel ID (Displayed Frequency)
---|---
118.0000| 118.005
118.0083| 118.010
118.0167| 118.015
118.0250| 118.030
118.0333| 118.035
118.0417| 118.040
118.0500| 118.055
118.0583| 118.060
118.0667| 118.065
118.0750| 118.080
118.0833| 118.085
118.0917| 118.090
118.1000| 118.105 - Channel spacing: 25 kHz (Actual frequency is displayed.)
Operating Frequency (MHz)| Channel ID (Displayed Frequency)
---|---
118.0000| 118.000
118.0250| 118.025
118.0500| 118.050
118.0750| 118.075
118.1000| 118.100
These tables show just the display example between 118.0000 MHz and 118.1000
MHz. Not all frequencies in the band are shown.
CAUTION : In Canada, use of 8.33 kHz Channel Spacing of this radio is
strictly prohibited and shall not be used.
About CE and DOC Hereby, Icom Inc. declares that the versions of IC-A16E which have the “CE” symbol on the product, comply with the essential requirements of the Radio Equipment Directive, 2014/53/ EU, and the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment Directive, 2011/65/ EU. The full text of the EU declaration of conformity is available at the following internet address: http://www.icom.co.jp/world/support/
Disposal
The crossed-out wheeledbin symbol on your product, literature, or packaging
reminds you that in the European Union, all electrical and electronic
products, batteries, and accumulators (rechargeable batteries) must be taken
to designated collection locations at the end of their working life. Do not
dispose of these products as unsorted municipal waste. Dispose of them
according to the laws in your area.
Firmware version identification
You can identify your transceiver’s firmware version in the Set mode.
- Push [FUNC], and then hold down [ENT]/[SET] to enter the Set mode.
- Select “CPU.”
- The firmware version is displayed.
FCC information
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class
A digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are
designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when
the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment
generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed
and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful
interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a
residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the
user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.
CAUTION : Changes or modifications to this transceiver, not expressly
approved by Icom Inc., could void your authority to operate this transceiver
under FCC regulations.
Safety training information
Your Icom radio generates RF electromagnetic energy while transmitting. This radio is designed for and classified as for “Occupational Use Only.”
-
This means it must be used only during the course of employment by individuals aware of the hazards, and the ways to minimize such hazards. This radio is NOT intended for use by the “General Population” in an uncontrolled environment. This radio has been tested and complies with the FCC and IC RF exposure limits for “Occupational Use Only”. In addition, your Icom radio complies with the following Standards and Guidelines with regard to RF energy and electromagnetic energy levels and evaluation of such levels for exposure to humans:
-
FCC KDB Publication 447498 D03, Evaluating Compliance with FCC Guidelines for Human Exposure to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields.
-
American National Standards Institute (C95.1-2010), IEEE Standard for Safety Levels with Respect to Human Exposure to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields, 3 kHz to 300 GHz.
-
American National Standards Institute (C95.3-2002), IEEE Recommended Practice for the Measurement of Potentially Hazardous Electromagnetic Fields– RF and Microwave.
-
The accessories listed on page i are authorized for use with this product. Use of accessories other than those specified may result in RF exposure levels exceeding the FCC requirements for wireless RF exposure.
-
Health Canada Safety Code 6 – Limits of Human Exposure to Electromagnetic Energy in the Frequency Range from 3 kHz to 300 GHz.
CAUTION : To ensure that your expose to RF electromagnetic energy is within the FCC allowable limits for occupational use, always adhere to the following guidelines: -
DO NOT operate the radio without a proper antenna attached, as this may damage the radio and may also cause you to exceed FCC RF exposure limits. A proper antenna is the antenna supplied with this radio by the manufacturer or an antenna specifically authorized by the manufacturer for use with this radio.
-
DO NOT transmit for more than 50% of the total radio use time (“50% duty cycle”). Transmitting more than 50% of the time can cause FCC RF exposure compliance requirements to be exceeded. The radio is transmitting when “TX” is displayed on the function display. You can cause the radio to transmit by pushing the [PTT] switch.
-
ALWAYS keep the antenna at least 2.5 cm (1 inch) away from the body when transmitting and only use the Icom beltclips which are listed on page 12 when attaching the radio to your belt, or other place, to ensure FCC and IC RF exposure compliance requirements are not exceeded. The information listed above provides the user with the information needed to make him or her aware of RF exposure, and what to do to assure that this radio operates within the FCC RF exposure limits of this radio. Electromagnetic Interference/ Compatibility During transmissions, your Icom radio generates RF energy that can possibly cause interference with other devices or systems. To avoid such interference, turn off the radio in areas where signs are posted to do so. DO NOT operate the transmitter in areas that are sensitive to electromagnetic radiation such as hospitals and blasting sites.
Occupational/Controlled Use
The radio transmitter is used in situations in which persons are exposed as
consequence of their employment provided those persons are fully aware of the
potential for exposure and can exercise control over their exposure.
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