Microsemi UG0612 Speed ID IQ PI Controller User Guide
- June 9, 2024
- Microsemi
Table of Contents
Microsemi UG0612 Speed ID IQ PI Controller
About Microsemi
Microsemi Corporation (Nasdaq: MSCC) offers a comprehensive portfolio of semiconductor and system solutions for aerospace & defense, communications, data center and industrial markets. Products include high-performance and radiation-hardened analog mixed-signal integrated circuits, FPGAs, SoCs and ASICs; power management products; timing and synchronization devices and precise time solutions, setting the world’s standard for time; voice processing devices; RF solutions; discrete components; enterprise storage and communication solutions, security technologies and scalable anti-tamper products; Ethernet solutions; Power-over-Ethernet ICs and midspans; as well as custom design capabilities and services. Microsemi is headquartered in Aliso Viejo, California, and has approximately 4,800 employees globally. Learn more at www.microsemi.com.
Revision History
The revision history describes the changes that were implemented in the document. The changes are listed by revision, starting with the most current publication.
Revision 3.0
The following is a summary of the changes in revision 3.0 of this document.
- Added the IP version to the document title.
- Updated Figure 3.
- Removed g_STD_IO_WIDTH configuration parameter from sections Configuration Parameter.
Revision 2.0
Updated the input and output signals in Figure 3 Table 1 (SAR 69696).
Revision 1.0
Revision 1.0 is the first publication of this document.
Introduction
The PI controller is a widely used closed loop controller for controlling a
first order system. The basic functionality of a PI controller is to make the
feedback measurement track the reference input. It performs this action by
controlling its output till the error between the reference and feedback
signals becomes zero.
There are two components that contribute to the output, the proportional term
and the integral term, as shown in the following figure. The proportional term
depends only on the instantaneous value of the error signal, whereas the
integral term depends on the present and previous values of an error.
PI Controller in Continuous Domain
PI Controller based on Zero Order Hold Method
Anti-Windup and Initialization
The PI controller has minimum and maximum limits of output, to keep the output
within practical values. If a non-zero error signal persists for a long time,
the integral component of the controller keeps increasing and may reach a
value limited by its bit width. This phenomenon is called integrator windup
and must be avoided to have a proper dynamic response. The PI controller IP
has an automatic antiwindup function, which limits Integrator as soon as the
PI controller reaches saturation. In certain applications like motor control,
it is important to initialize the PI controller to a proper value before
enabling it. Initializing the PI to a good value avoids jerky operation. The
IP block has a enable input to enable or disable the PI controller. If
disabled, the output is equal to the unit input and when enabled, the output
is the PI computed value.
Time Sharing of PI Controller
In field oriented control (FOC) algorithm, there are three PI controllers for
Speed, d-axis current Id, and q-axis current Iq. The input of one PI
controller depends on the output of the other PI controller and so they are
executed sequentially. At any instant, there is only one instance of the PI
controller in operation. Hence, instead of using three individual PI
controllers, single PI controller is time shared for Speed, Id and Iq for
optimum usage of resources. The Speed_Id_Iq_PI module allows sharing of the PI
controller through the start and done signals for each of Speed, Id, and Iq.
The tuning parameters Kp, Ki, and minimum and maximum limits of each instance
of controller can be configured independently through corresponding inputs.
Hardware Implementation
The following figure shows the block diagram of the Speed ID IQ PI Controller.
System-Level Block Diagram of Speed ID IQ PI Controller
Note: The Speed ID IQ PI controller executes a PI controller algorithm for three quantities—d-axis current, q-axis current, and motor speed. The block is designed to minimize the hardware resource utilization. The block allows the PI controller algorithm to be run for one parameter at a time.
Inputs and Outputs
The following table lists the input and output ports of the Speed ID IQ PI Controller.
Input and Output Ports of the Speed ID IQ PI Controller:
| Signal Name | Direction | Description |
|---|---|---|
| reset_i | Input | Active low synchronous reset signal. |
| sys_clk_i | Input | System clock. |
| speed_en_i | Input | Enable signal for speed PI. |
When set to 1, normal PI controller operation occurs.
When set to 0 (zero), PI controller output is fixed to the value available at
the speed_init_i input.
clear_buffer_i| Input| Clears internal buffers when the motor stops.
idq_en_i| Input| Enable signal for Id and Iq PI: When set to 1, normal PI
controller operation occurs
When set to 0 (zero), PI controller output is fixed to the value available at
the id_init_i and iq_init_i inputs respectively.
speed_pi_start_i| Input| Start signal for speed PI.
idpi_start_i| Input| Start signal for Id PI.
iqpi_start_i| Input| Start signal for Iq PI.
speed_init_i| Input| Initialization value for speed PI.
iq_init_i| Input| Initialization value for iq PI.
id_init_i| Input| Initialization value for id PI.
speed_pi_ref_input_i| Input| Speed PI reference input.
speed_pi_act_input_i| Input| Speed PI feedback measurement input.
speed_pi_kp_i| Input| Proportional gain (Kp) for Speed PI.
speed_pi_ki_i| Input| Integral gain (Ki) for Speed PI.
speed_pi_ymax_i| Input| Saturation limit (upper threshold) of speed PI
controller.
speed_pi_ymin_i| Input| Saturation limit (lower threshold) of speed PI
controller.
id_pi_ref_input_i| Input| Id PI Reference input.
id_pi_act_input_i| Input| Id PI feedback measurement input.
id_pi_kp_i| Input| Proportional gain (Kp) for Id PI.
id_pi_ki_i| Input| Integral gain (Ki) for Id PI.
idq_pi_ymax_i| Input| Saturation limit (upper threshold) of current PI
controller.
idq_pi_ymin_i| Input| Saturation limit (lower threshold) of current PI
controller.
iq_pi_ref_input_i| Input| Iq PI Reference input.
iq_pi_act_input_i| Input| Iq PI feedback measurement input.
iq_pi_kp_i| Input| Proportional gain (Kp) for Iq PI.
iq_pi_ki_i| Input| Integral gain (Ki) for Iq PI.
idq_pi_ymax_i| Input| Saturation limit (upper threshold) of current PI
controller.
idq_pi_ymin_i| Input| Saturation limit (lower threshold) of current PI
controller.
speed_pi_done_o| Output| Indicates Speed PI computation is complete. High for
one system clock cycle.
id_pi_done_o| Output| Indicates Id PI computation is complete. High for one
system clock cycle.
Signal Name| Direction| Description
---|---|---
iq_pi_done_o| Output| Indicates Iq PI computation is complete. High for one
system clock cycle.
speed_pi_output_y_o| Output| Speed PI computation output.
id_pi_output_y_o| Output| Id PI computation output.
iq_pi_output_y_o| Output| Iq PI computation output.
Configuration Parameter
The following table shows the configuration parameter used in the hardware
implementation of the Speed ID IQ PI Controller. This parameter is a generic
and can be varied based on the application requirement.
Configuration Parameter of the Speed ID IQ PI Controller:
Timing Diagram
The following figure shows the timing diagram of the Speed ID IQ PI
Controller. The following signals correspond to one set of input and output
ports of the Speed ID IQ PI controller.
Timing Diagram of the PI Controller:
Resource Utilization
Speed ID IQ PI Controller is implemented on the SmartFusion®2 system-on-chip
(SoC) field programmable gate array (FPGA) device. The following table lists
the resource utilization report after synthesis.
Resource Utilization of the Speed ID IQ PI Controller:
| Cell Usage | Description |
|---|---|
| Sequential elements | 410 |
| Combinational logic | 630 |
| MACC | 1 |
| RAM1kx18 | 0 |
| RAM64x18 | 0 |
Warranty
Microsemi makes no warranty, representation, or guarantee regarding the information contained herein or the suitability of its products and services for any particular purpose, nor does Microsemi assume any liability whatsoever arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit. The products sold hereunder and any other products sold by Microsemi have been subject to limited testing and should not be used in conjunction with mission-critical equipment or applications. Any performance specifications are believed to be reliable but are not verified, and Buyer must conduct and complete all performance and other testing of the products, alone and together with, or installed in, any end-products. Buyer shall not rely on any data and performance specifications or parameters provided by Microsemi. It is the Buyer’s responsibility to independently determine suitability of any products and to test and verify the same. The information provided by Microsemi hereunder is provided “as is, where is” and with all faults, and the entire risk associated with such information is entirely with the Buyer. Microsemi does not grant, explicitly or implicitly, to any party any patent rights, licenses, or any other IP rights, whether with regard to such information itself or anything described by such information. Information provided in this document is proprietary to Microsemi, and Microsemi reserves the right to make any changes to the information in this document or to any products and services at any time without notice.
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References
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