Morningstar Tristar MPPT Solar Charging System Controller User Manual

Installation, Operation and Maintenance Manual

For the most recent manual revisions, see the version at:
www.morningstarcorp.com

Solar Battery Charger
With
TrakStar TM Maximum Power Point Tracking Technology

www.morningstarcorp.com

MODELS
TS-MPPT-30
TS-MPPT-45
TS-MPPT-60
TS-MPPT-60M

 **Dimensions in Inches [Millimeters]**

Morningstar Tristar MPPT Solar Charging System Controller Dimensions

Important Safety Instructions

SAVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS.

This manual contains important safety, installation and operating instructions for the TriStar MPPT 150V solar controller. The following symbols are used throughout this manual to indicate potentially dangerous conditions or mark important safety instructions:

WARNING :
Indicates a potentially dangerous condition. Use extreme caution when performing this task.

CAUTION :
Indicates a critical procedure for safe and proper operation of the controller.

NOTE :
Indicates a procedure or function that is important for the safe and proper operation of the controller.

Safety Information

• Read all of the instructions and cautions in the manual before beginning installation.
• There are no user serviceable parts inside the TriStar MPPT 150V. Do not disassemble or attempt to repair the controller.

WARNING: RISK OF ELECTRICAL SHOCK.
NO POWER OR ACCESSORY TERMINALS ARE ELECTRICALLY ISOLATED FROM DC INPUT, AND MAY BE ENERGIZED WITH HAZARDOUS SOLAR VOLTAGE. UNDER CERTAIN FAULT CONDITIONS, BATTERY COULD BECOME OVER-CHARGED. TEST BETWEEN ALL TERMINALS AND GROUND BEFORE TOUCHING.

• External solar and battery disconnects are required.
• Disconnect all sources of power to the controller before installing or adjusting the TriStar MPPT 150V.
• There are no fuses or disconnects inside the TriStar MPPT 150V Do not attempt to repair.

Installation Safety Precautions

WARNING :
This unit is not provided with a GFDI device. This charge controller must be used with an external GFDI device as required by the Article 690 of the National Electrical Code for the installation location.

• Mount the TriStar MPPT 150V indoors. Prevent exposure to the elements and do not allow
  water to enter the controller.

• Install the TriStar MPPT 150V in a location that prevents casual contact. The TriStar MPPT 150V heatsink can become very hot during operation.

• Use insulated tools when working with batteries.

• Avoid wearing jewelry during installation.

• The battery bank must be comprised of batteries of same type, make, and age.

• Do not smoke near the battery bank.

• Power connections must remain tight to avoid excessive heating from a loose connection.

• Use properly sized conductors and circuit interrupters.

• The grounding terminal is located in the wiring compartment and is identified by the symbol below.

• This charge controller is to be connected to DC circuits only. These DC connections are identified
  by the symbol below:

Direct Current Symbol

The TriStar MPPT 150V controller must be installed by a qualified technician in accordance with the electrical regulations of the country where the product is installed. A means of disconnecting all power supply poles must be provided. These disconnects must be incorporated in the fixed wiring.

A permanent, reliable earth ground must be established with connection to the wiring compartment ground terminal.

The grounding conductor must be secured against any accidental detachment. The knock-outs in
the wiring compartment must protect wires with conduit or rubber rings.

Battery Safety

WARNING : A battery can present a risk of electrical shock or burn from large amounts
of short-circuit current, fire, or explosion from vented gases. Observe proper precautions.

WARNING : Risk of Explosion.
Proper disposal of batteries is required. Do not dispose of batteries in fire. Refer to local regulations or codes for requirements.

CAUTION : When replacing batteries, proper specified number, sizes types and ratings
based on application and system design

CAUTION : Do not open or mutilate batteries. Released electrolyte is harmful to skin,
and may be toxic.

• Servicing of batteries should be performed, or supervised, by personnel knowledgeable about
  batteries, and the proper safety precautions.

• Be very careful when working with large lead-acid batteries. Wear eye protection and have fresh
  water available in case there is contact with the battery acid.

• Remove watches, rings, jewelry and other metal objects before working with batteries.

• Wear rubber gloves and boots

• Use tools with insulated handles and avoid placing tools or metal objects on top of batteries.

• Disconnect charging source prior to connecting or dis-connecting battery terminals.

• Determine if battery is inadvertently grounded. If so, remove the source of contact with ground.
  Contact with any part of a grounded battery can result in electrical shock. The likelihood of such
  a shock can be reduced if battery grounds are removed during installation and maintenance
  (applicable to equipment and remote battery supplies not having a grounded supply circuit).

• Carefully read the battery manufacturer’s instructions before installing / connecting to, or removing
  batteries from, the TriStar MPPT.

• Be very careful not to short circuit the cables connected to the battery.

• Have someone nearby to assist in case of an accident.

• Explosive battery gases can be present during charging. Be certain there is enough ventilation to
  release the gases.

• Never smoke in the battery area.

• If battery acid comes into contact with the skin, wash with soap and water. If the acid contacts the
  eye, flood with fresh water and get medical attention.

• Be sure the battery electrolyte level is correct before starting charging. Do not attempt to charge a frozen battery.

• Recycle the battery when it is replaced.

About this Manual

This manual provides detailed installation and usage instructions for the TriStar MPPT 150V controller. Only qualified electricians and technicians who are familiar with solar system design and wiring practices should install the TriStar MPPT 150V. The usage information in this manual is intended for the system owner/operator.

Getting Started

Overview

Thank you for selecting the TriStar MPPT 150V solar charge controller with TrakStar TM MPPT Technology. The TriStar MPPT 150V (TS-MPPT) is an advanced maximum power point tracking solar battery charger. The controller features a smart tracking algorithm that finds and maintains operation at the solar array peak power point, maximizing energy harvest.
The TriStar MPPT 150V battery charging process has been optimized for long battery life and improved system performance. Self-diagnostics and electronic error protections prevent damage when installation mistakes or system faults occur. The controller also features eight (8) adjustable settings switches, several communication ports, and terminals for remote battery temperature and voltage measurement.
Please take the time to read this operator’s manual and become familiar with the controller. This will help you make full use of the many advantages the TriStar MPPT 150V can provide for your PV system.

Versions and Ratings

There are four versions of TriStar MPPT 150V controller:
TriStar-MPPT-30

• maximum 30 amps continuous battery current
• 12, 24 and 48 Volt dc systems
• maximum 150 Volt dc solar input voltage
• RS-232 and MeterBus TM communication ports

TriStar-MPPT-45

• maximum 45 amps continuous battery current
• 12, 24 and 48 Volt dc systems
• maximum 150 Volt dc solar input voltage
• RS-232 and MeterBus TM communication ports

TriStar-MPPT-60

• maximum 60 amps continuous battery current
• 12, 24 and 48 Volt dc systems
• maximum 150 Volt dc solar input voltage
• RS-232, EIA-485, MeterBus TM , and Ethernet communication ports

TriStar-MPPT-60M

• maximum 60 amps continuous battery current
• 12, 24 and 48 Volt dc systems
• maximum 150 Volt dc solar input voltage
• RS-232, EIA-485, MeterBus TM , and Ethernet communication ports
• Includes on-board meter display

Features

The features of the TriStar MPPT 150V are shown in Figure 2-1 below. An explanation of each feature is provided.

TriStar MPPT 150V features

1 – Heatsink
Aluminum heatsink to dissipate controller heat

2 – Mounting Hanger
Keyhole slot for mounting

3 – Settings Switches
Eight (8) settings switches to configure operation of the TriStar MPPT 150V

4 – Battery Positive Terminal (red)
Power connection for Battery (+)

5 – Remote Temperature Sensor Terminals
Connection point for a Morningstar RTS (optional) to remotely monitor battery temperature

6 – LED Indicators
Three state of charge (SOC) LED indicators show charging status and controller faults

7 – MeterBus TM Port
RJ-11 socket for Morningstar MeterBus TM network connections

8 – Battery Voltage Sense Terminals
Terminals for battery voltage input provide accurate battery voltage measurement

9 – Ground Terminal
A chassis ground terminal for system grounding

10 – Ethernet Port
RJ-45 socket for LAN/internet connections (TS-MPPT-60 model only)

11 – Wiring Box with Conduit Knockouts
Termination points for wiring conduit and wire glands

12 – Wiring Box Cover
Sheet metal wiring box cover protects power connections

13 – Serial RS-232 Port
9-pin serial connector (female)

14 – EIA-485 Port
Four (4) position screw terminal for EIA-485 bus connections (TS-MPPT-60 model only)

15 – Solar Positive Terminal (yellow)
Power connection for Solar (+)

16 – Common Negative Power Terminals
Two (2) negative terminals for negative system cable termination

17 – Push-button Switch
Manually reset from an error or fault, also used to start/stop a manual equalization.

Regulatory Information

NOTE :
This section contains important information for safety and regulatory requirements.

The TriStar MPPT 150V controller should be installed by a qualified technician according to the electrical rules of the country in which the product will be installed.

TriStar MPPT 150V controllers comply with the following EMC standards:

• Immunity: EN61000-6-2:1999
• Emissions: EN55022:1994 with A1 and A3 Class B1
• Safety: EN60335-1 and EN60335-2-29 (battery chargers)

A means shall be provided to ensure all pole disconnection from the power supply. This disconnection shall be incorporated in the fixed wiring.

Using the TriStar MPPT 150V grounding terminal (in the wiring compartment), a permanent and reliable means for grounding shall be provided. The clamping of the earthing shall be secured against accidental loosening.

The entry openings to the TriStar MPPT 150V wiring compartment shall be protected with conduit or with a bushing.

FCC requirements :

This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.

Changes or modifications not expressly approved by Morningstar for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.

Note :
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communication. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment on and off, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:

• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
• Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
• Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.
• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.

This Class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.

Optional Accessories

The following accessories are available for purchase separately from your authorized
Morningstar dealer:

TriStar Digital Meter 2 / TriStar Remote Meter 2 (Models: TS-M-2 / TS-

RM-2)

The TriStar Digital Meter mounts directly on the TS-MPPT controller, replacing the wiring box cover. The TriStar Remote Meter can be flush mounted in a wall or into a standard duplex (2-gang) electrical box. A 2 x 16 character display shows system operating information, error indications, and self-diagnostic information. Four (4) buttons make navigating the meter menus easy.

For systems where multiple TS-MPPT controllers are networked together, one (1) meter can display full system information. The TriStar meters connect to the RJ- 11 MeterBus TM port on the TriStar-MPPT.

Meter Hub (HUB-1)

A Morningstar MeterBus TM network with multiple controllers requires a Meter Hub for electrical isolation. The HUB-1 allows communication between MeterBus TM compatible Morningstar products, including the TriStar MPPT 150V controller. DIN rail compatible.

Relay Driver (RD-1)

The Relay Driver TM accessory enables the TriStar MPPT 150V to control external devices. Four
(4) relay control ports can be configured (in various combinations) to perform the following tasks:

• generator control (2-, 3-, and 4-wire configurations)
• dry contacts for alarms and other signals
• advanced load control
• vent fan control
• DIN rail compatible or surface mount

For more information on the Relay Driver, visit our website at www.morningstarcorp.com or in-
quire with your local Morningstar dealer.

EIA-485 / RS-232 Communications Adapter (RSC-1)

Connect one or more TriStar MPPT 150V controllers to a PC or to other serial devices using the RSC-1 EIA-485 adapter. The adapter converts an RS-232 serial interface to EIA-485 compliant signals. An LED shows network activity and errors. DIN rail compatible.

Ethernet Meterbus Converter (EMC-1)

The EMC-1 acts as an Ethernet gateway that serves MODBUS IP, local Web pages, and Web Monitoring Services. Note that the Web Monitoring Service is not currently available. The EMC-1 supports any product with a MeterBus port by bridging MODBUS TCP/IP requests between an Ethernet connection and a connected Morningstar device.

Installation

General Information

The mounting location is important to the performance and operating life of the controller. The environment must be dry and protected from water ingress. If required, the controller may be installed in a ventilated enclosure with sufficient air flow. Never install the TriStar MPPT 150V in a sealed enclosure. The controller may be mounted in an enclosure with sealed batteries, but never with vented/flooded batteries. Battery fumes from vented batteries will corrode and destroy the TriStar MPPT 150V circuits.

Multiple TriStars can be installed in parallel on the same battery bank to achieve higher charging current. Additional parallel controllers can also be added in the future. Each TriStar MPPT 150V must have its own solar array.

WARNING : Installation must conform to all requirements of the US National Electrical
Code and the Canadian Electrical Code.

CAUTION : Equipment Damage or Risk of Explosion
Never install the TriStar MPPT 150V in an enclosure with vented/flooded batteries. Battery fumes are flammable and will corrode and destroy the TriStar MPPT 150V circuits.

CAUTION: Equipment Damage
When installing the TriStar MPPT 150V in an enclosure, ensure sufficient ventilation. Installation in a sealed enclosure will lead to over-heating and a decreased product lifetime.

The installation is straight-forward, but it is important each step is done correctly and safely. A mistake can lead to dangerous voltage and current levels. Be sure to carefully follow each instruction in this section. Read all instructions first before beginning installation.

The installation instructions are for installation of a negative grounded system. National Electrical Code (NEC) requirements are noted on occasion for convenience, however the installer should have a complete understanding of NEC and UL requirements for photovoltaic installations.

• Read through the entire installation section first before beginning installation.
• Be very careful when working with batteries. Wear eye protection. Have fresh water available to wash and clean any contact with battery acid.
• Use insulated tools and avoid placing metal objects near the batteries.
• Explosive battery gases may be present during charging. Be certain there is sufficient ventilation to release the gases.
• Do not install in locations where water can enter the controller.
• Loose power connections and/or corroded wires may result in resistive connections that melt wire insulation, burn surrounding materials, or even cause fire. Ensure tight connections and use cable clamps to secure cables and prevent them from swaying in mobile applications.
• Stranded wires to be connected to the terminals should be prepared first with e.g. clamped copper heads, tinned-wire ends, etc. to avoid the possibility of one conductor free out of the connection screw, and possible contact with the metal enclosure.
• Preset charging profiles are generally designed for lead acid batteries. Custom settings can be used for varied charging requirements (see sections 3.2 and 4.2 for details). Note that some battery types may not be compatible.
• The TriStar MPPT 150V battery connection may be wired to one battery, or a bank of batteries. The following instructions refer to a singular battery, but it is implied that the battery connection can be made to either one battery or a group of batteries in a battery bank.
• The TriStar MPPT 150V uses stainless steel fasteners, an anodized aluminum heat sink, and conformal coating to protect it from harsh conditions. However, for acceptable service life, extreme temperatures and marine environments should be avoided.
• The TriStar MPPT 150V prevents reverse current leakage at night, so a blocking diode is not required in the system.
• Solar and battery fuses or DC breakers are required in the system. These protection devices are external to the TriStar MPPT 150V controller, and must be a maximum of 45 amps for the TS-MPPT-30. 70 amps for the TS-MPPT 45 and 90 amps for the TS-MPPT-60.
• Maximum battery short-circuit current rating must be less than the interrupt current rating of the
  battery over-current protection device referenced above.

Recommended Tools :

• Wire strippers
• Wire cutters

• 2 & #0 Phillips screwdriver

• slotted screwdrivers
• Pliers
• Drill
• 3/32” (2.5 mm) drill bit
• Level
• hack saw (cutting conduit)

Controller Installation

Step 1 – Remove the wiring box cover

CAUTION: Shock Hazard
Disconnect all power sources to the controller before removing the wiring box cover. Never remove the cover when voltage exists on any of the TriStar MPPT 150V power connections

Use a #2 Phillips screw driver to remove the four (4) screws that secure the wiring box cover as
shown in figure 3-1 below.Remove the wiring box cover

If a TriStar Digital Meter 2 display is installed, be sure to disconnect the RJ-11 cable.

Step 2 – Remove the Knock-Outs

Knockouts are provided for routing cables through conduit or wire glands. Table 3-1 below provides the knockout sizes and quantity on the TriStar MPPT 150V wiring box. Knockout locations and dimensions are on the inside front cover.

Knockout sizes

CAUTION: Shock Hazard
Always use bushings, connectors, clamp connectors, or wire glands in the knockout openings to
protect wiring from sharp edges.

CAUTION: Shock Hazard
Never route network cables in the same conduit as the power conductors.

Plan the routing of each conductor that will connect to the TriStar MPPT 150V before removing any knockouts. The 1/2” (M20) knockouts are ideal for routing network cables, which must be placed in separate conduit.

Step 3 – Mount to a Vertical Surface

CAUTION: Risk of Burns
Install the TriStar MPPT 150V in a location that prevents casual contact. The TriStar MPPT 150V heatsink can become very hot during operation.Attaching the mounting hanger

• Attach the mounting hanger to the bottom of the TriStar MPPT 150V with the M6 screw provided as shown in figure 3-2.
• Place the TriStar MPPT 150V on a vertical surface protected from direct sun, high temperatures, and water. The TriStar MPPT 150V requires at least 6” (150 mm) of clearance above and below and at least 1” (25 mm) on each side for proper air flow as shown in figure 3-3 below.

Required mounting clearance for air flow

• Place a mark on the mounting surface at the top of the keyhole.
• Remove the controller and drill a 3/32” (2.5 mm) hole at the drill mark.
• Insert a #10 screw (included) into the top pilot hole. Do not tighten the screw completely. Leave a 1/4” (6 mm) gap between the mounting surface and screw head.
• Carefully align the keyhole on the TriStar MPPT 150V with the screw head. Slide the TriStar MPPT 150V down over the keyhole.
• Check for vertical plumb with a level.
• Mark two (2) mounting hole locations in the wiring box.
• Remove the controller and drill 3/32” (2.5 mm) holes at the drill marks.
• Carefully align the keyhole on the TriStar MPPT 150V with the screw head. Slide the TriStar MPPT 150V down over the keyhole.
• The pre-drilled pilot holes should align with the mounting holes in the wiring box. Secure the controller with two (2) #10 mounting screws.
• Tighten the keyhole screw.

Step 4 – Adjust Settings Switches

Switch 1: Reserved for Future Use

Settings switch 1 should remain in the “OFF” position.

Mode : Switch 1
Solar Charging : OFF
future use : ON

Switches 2 & 3: System Voltage

Four (4) system voltage configurations are available as shown in the table below:

System Voltage : Switch 2 : Switch 3
Auto : OFF : OFF
12 : OFF : ON
24 : ON : OFF
48 : ON : ON

The “auto” setting allows the TriStar MPPT 150V to detect the system voltage automatically on start up. The test is only performed at start up and the detected system voltage will never change during operation.

Generally, it is best to choose a specific system voltage. The auto detect feature should only be used in situations where the system voltage is unknown ahead of time or in systems where the system voltage may change periodically.

Switches 4, 5, & 6: Battery Charging Settings

It is important to select the battery type that matches the system battery to ensure proper charging and long battery life. Refer to the specifications provided by the battery manufacturer and choose a setting that best fits the recommended charging profile.Switches 4, 5, & 6: Battery Charging Settings

All settings are for 12 Volt nominal systems. Multiply the charge voltage settings by 2 for 24 Volt systems or by 4 for 48 Volt systems. A description of each setting is provided below. See section 4.3 for full details on battery charging and a description of each of the settings in the battery charging table.

Battery Type – The most common battery type associated with the specified charging settings.

Absorption Stage – This stage limits input current so that the Absorption voltage is maintained. As the battery becomes more charged, the charging current continues to taper down until the battery is fully charged.

Float Stage – When the battery is fully charged, the charging voltage will be reduced to the Float voltage setting.

Equalize Stage – During an equalization cycle, the charging voltage will be held constant at the specified voltage setting.

Equalize Interval – The number of days between equalization charges when the controller is configured for automatic equalizations (settings switch 7).

Switch 7: Battery Equalization

Choose between manual and automatic battery equalization charging. In the manual equalization setting, an equalization will only occur when manually started with the push-button or when requested from the equalize menu on the TriStar meter. Automatic equalization will occur according to the battery program specified by settings switches 4, 5, & 6 in the previous step.

In both settings (auto and manual), the push-button can be used to start and stop battery equalization. If the selected battery charging setting does not have an equalization stage an equalization will never occur, even if requested manually.

Equalize : Switch 7
manual : OFF
automatic : ON

Switch 8: Ethernet Security

The Ethernet Security switch enables or disables configuration of the TriStar MPPT 150V settings through the Ethernet connection. When switch eight is set to disabled, write commands to the TriStar MPPT 150V custom memory are not allowed. This a safety feature to prevent unintended changes to custom settings, but it is not a replacement for proper network security.

Configuration via TCP/IP : Switch 8
disabled : OFF
enabled : ON

NOTE :
Adjustment of network settings and custom set-points is always enabled via the RS-232 and EIA-485 connections. The Ethernet Security switch only enables/ disables remote configuration via TCP/IP.

CAUTION: Risk of Tampering
The Ethernet Security settings switch does not block write commands to devices bridged via EIA-485.

Step 5 – Remote Temperature Sensor

The included Remote Temperature Sensor (RTS) is recommended for effective temperature compensated charging. Connect the RTS to the 2-position terminal located between the battery (+) terminal lug and the LED stack (see figure 2-1). The RTS is supplied with 33 ft (10 m) of 22 AWG (0.34 mm 2 ) cable. There is no polarity, so either wire (+ or -) can be connected to either screw terminal. The RTS cable may be pulled through conduit along with the power wires. Tighten the connector screws to 5 in-lb (0.56 Nm) of torque. Separate installation instructions are provided inside the RTS bag.

WARNING: Risk of Fire.
If no Remote Temperature Sensor (RTS) is connected, use the TriStar MPPT 150V within 3m (10 ft) of the batteries. Internal Temperature Compensation will be used if the RTS is not connected. Use of the RTS is strongly recommended.

CAUTION :
The TriStar MPPT 150V will not temperature compensate charging parameters if the RTS is not used.

CAUTION: Equipment Damage
Never place the temperature sensor inside a battery cell. Both the RTS and the battery will be damaged.

NOTE :
The RTS cable may be shortened if the full length is not needed. Be sure to reinstall the ferrite choke on the end of the RTS if a length of cable is removed. This choke ensures compliance with electromagnetic emissions standards.

Step 6 – Grounding and Ground Fault Interruption

WARNING :
This unit is not provided with a GFDI device. This charge controller must be used with an external GFDI device as required by the Article 690 of the National Electrical Code for the installation location

NOTE :
Conductors identified by the colors green or green/yellow should only be used for earthing conductors

Use a copper wire to connect the grounding terminal in the wiring box to earth ground. The grounding terminal is identified by the ground symbol shown below that is stamped into the wiring box just below the terminal:Ground Symbol

Do not connect the system negative conductor to this terminal. NEC requires the use of an external ground fault protection device (GFPD). The TriStar MPPT 150V does not have internal ground fault protection. The system electrical negative should be bonded through a GFPD to earth ground at one (and only one) location. The grounding point may be located in the solar circuit or the battery circuit.

Per NEC 690.45 (A) and NEC Table 250.122, minimum sizes for copper grounding wire are:

• TS-MPPT-30 10 AWG (5 mm 2 )
• TS-MPPT-45 10 AWG (5 mm 2 )
• TS-MPPT-60/M 8 AWG (8 mm 2 )

OR, of the same, or greater, cross-sectional area as the PV wires.

WARNING: Risk of Fire
DO NOT bond system electrical negative to earth ground at the controller. Per NEC requirements, system negative must be bonded to earth ground through a GFPD at only one point.

Step 7 – Battery Voltage Sense

The voltage at the battery connection on the TriStar MPPT 150V may differ slightly from the voltage directly at the battery bank terminals due to connection and cable resistance. The Battery Voltage Sense connection enables the TriStar MPPT 150V to measure the battery terminal voltage precisely with small gauge wires that carry very little current, and thus have no voltage drop. Both battery voltage sense wires are connected to the TriStar at the 2-position terminal located between the push-button and the positive (+) terminal lug.

A battery voltage sense connection is not required to operate your TriStar MPPT 150V controller, but it is recommended for best performance. If a TriStar meter will be added to the controller, the battery voltage sense will ensure that the voltage and diagnostic displays are very accurate.

The voltage sense wires should be cut to length as required to connect the battery to the voltage sense terminal. The wire size can range from 16 to 24 AWG (1.0 to 0.25 mm 2 ). A twisted pair cable is recommended but not required. Use UL rated 300 Volt conductors. The voltage sense wires may be pulled through conduit with the power conductors.

Fuse the positive (+) voltage sense wire as close to the battery as possible. Size the fuse based on wire ampacity – a 1A fuse can be used for #24 wire.

Tighten the connector screws to 5 in-lb (0.56 Nm) of torque.

The maximum length allowed for each battery voltage sense wire is 98 ft (30 m).

Be careful to connect the battery positive (+) terminal to the voltage sense positive (+) terminal. No damage will occur if the polarity is reversed, but the controller cannot read a reversed sense voltage. Connecting the voltage sense wires to the RTS terminal will cause an alarm.

If a TriStar meter is installed, check the “TriStar Settings” to confirm the Voltage Sense and the RTS (if installed) are both present and detected by the controller. MSView TM PC software can also be used to confirm the voltage sense is working correctly.

Step 8 – Network Connections

Network connections allow the TriStar MPPT 150V to communicate with other controller or computers. A network can be as simple as one controller and one PC, or as complex as dozens of controllers monitored via the internet. Review section 5.0 for more information about networking and the connection(s) required for your system

WARNING: Shock Hazard
Never route network cables in the same conduit as the power conductors.

WARNING: Shock Hazard
Only use 300 Volt UL rated communication cable.

Connect the appropriate network cables to the TriStar MPPT 150V at this time. Access to the network ports is easier before the power cables are attached. The ports are located inside the conduit wiring box on the lower circuit board as shown in figure.TriStar MPPT 150V network port locations

EIA-485 Connection
The four (4) position EIA-485 connector on the TriStar MPPT 150V must be removed to access the terminal screws. Remove the socket connector by firmly grasping the connector body and pulling away from the circuit board as shown in Figure.Removing the RS-485 socket connector

RS-232 Connection
The serial RS-232 port is a standard 9-pin (DB9) female connector. A low- profile serial connector is recommended to save room in the wiring box.

NOTE :
The RS-232 and EIA-485 ports share hardware. Both ports cannot be used simultaneously.

Ethernet Connection
The RJ-45 Ethernet jack features two (2) indicator LEDs for connection status and network traffic. Use CAT-5 or CAT-5e twisted pair cable and RJ-45 plugs. If possible, pull the network cable through conduit before crimping on the RJ-45 connectors. If using pre-assembled cables, take care not to damage the plugs when the cables are pulled through conduit.

MeterBus TM Connection
MeterBus TM networks use standard 4-wire or 6-wire RJ-11 telephone cables. If possible, pull the telephone cable through conduit before crimping on the RJ-11 connectors. If using pre-assembled cables, take care not to damage the plugs when the cables are pulled through conduit.

Y-cable Connections for EMC-1 Use
TS-MPPT-30 and TS-MPPT-45 units can be Ethernet connected using the EMC-1 accessory and an EMC-1 provided Y-cable. These models need to be connected to the EMC-1 with the Y-cable (DB-9 serial and RJ-11 plugs at the TS-MPPT) and an RJ-11 plug at the EMC-1.

Step 9 – Power Connections

NOTE :
To comply with the NEC, the TriStar MPPT 150V must be installed using wiring methods in accordance with the latest edition of the National Electric Code, NFPA 70.

CAUTION: Risk of Fire and Shock
Connect battery terminals prior to the connection of array terminals. The battery positive (+) terminal has a red cover, the solar positive (+) terminal has a yellow cover.

Wire Size
The four large power terminals are sized for 14 – 2 AWG (2.5 – 35 mm 2 ) wire. The terminals are rated for copper and aluminum conductors. Use UL-listed Class B 300 Volt stranded wire only. Good system design generally requires large conductor wires for the solar and battery connections that limit voltage drop losses to 2% or less. The wire tables in the appendix on pages 51-54 provide wire sizing information for connecting the solar array and battery bank to the TriStar MPPT 150V with a maximum of 2% voltage drop.

Minimum Wire Size
The NEC requires that the wires carrying the system current never exceed 80% of the conductor’s current rating. The table below provides the minimum size of copper and aluminum wire allowed by NEC for all TriStar MPPT 150V models when the current equals the full nameplate rating (30, 45 or 60 amps). Wire types rated for 75°C and 90°C are included.

Minimum wire sizes for ambient temperatures to 45°C are provided in table below:Minimum wire sizes

Disconnects

WARNING: Shock Hazard
Fuses, circuit breakers, and disconnect switches should never open grounded system conductors. Only GFDI devices are permitted to disconnect grounded conductors.

The NEC requires solar and battery fuses or DC breakers to be installed in the system. These protection devices are external to the TriStar MPPT 150V controller, and must be a maximum of 45 amps for the TS-MPPT-30, 70 amps for the TS-MPPT 45, and 90 amps for the TS-MPPT-60/M.

Maximum battery short-circuit current rating must be less than the interrupt current rating of the battery over-current protection device referenced above.

WARNING : Breakers and fuses may require lower ratings than referenced above, so as not to exceed any specific wire ampacity.

Connect the Power Wires

WARNING: Shock Hazard
The solar PV array can produce open-circuit voltages in excess of 150 Vdc when in sunlight. Verify that the solar input breaker or disconnect has been opened (disconnected) before installing the system wires.Power terminal locations

Connect the four (4) power conductors shown in figure above in the following steps:

• Confirm that the system input and output disconnect switches are both turned off before connecting the power wires to the controller. There are no disconnect switches inside the TriStar MPPT 150V.
• Provide for strain relief if the bottom knockouts are used and conduit is not used.
• Pull the wires into the wiring box. The Remote Temperature Sensor and Battery Sense wires can be inside the conduit with the power conductors. It is easier to pull the RTS and Sense wires before the power cables.

WARNING: Risk of Damage
Be very certain that the battery connection is made with correct polarity. Turn on the battery breaker/disconnect and measure the voltage on the open battery wires BEFORE connecting to the TriStar MPPT 150V. Disconnect the battery breaker/disconnect before wiring to the controller.

• Connect the Battery + (positive) wire to the Battery + terminal on the TriStar MPPT 150V. The Battery + terminal has a red cover.
• Connect the Battery – (negative) wire to one of the Common Negative terminals on the TriStar MPPT 150V.

WARNING: Risk of Damage
Be very certain that the solar connection is made with correct polarity. Turn on the solar array breaker/disconnect and measure the voltage on the open wires BEFORE connecting to the TriStar MPPT 150V. Disconnect the solar breaker/ disconnect before wiring to the controller.

• Connect the Solar + (positive) wire to the Solar + terminal on the TriStar MPPT 150V. The Solar + terminal has a yellow cover.
• Connect the Solar – (negative) wire to one of the Common Negative terminals on the TriStar MPPT 150V.

Torque all four (4) power terminals to 50 in-lbs (5.65 Nm)

Power-up

WARNING: Risk of Damage
Connecting the solar array to the battery terminal will permanently damage the TriStar MPPT 150V.

WARNING: Risk of Damage
Connecting the solar array or battery connection with reverse polarity will permanently damage the TriStar MPPT 150V.

• Confirm that the Solar and Battery polarities are correct.
• Turn the battery disconnect switch on first. Observe that the LEDs indicate a successful start-up. (LEDs blink Green – Yellow – Red in one cycle)
• Note that a battery must be connected to the TriStar MPPT 150V to start and operate the controller. The controller will not operate only from solar input.
• Turn the solar disconnect on. If the solar array is in full sunlight, the TriStar MPPT 150V will begin charging. If an optional TriStar Meter is installed, charging current will be reported along with charging state.

To Power-down

WARNING: Risk of Damage
ONLY disconnect the battery from the TriStar MPPT 150V AFTER the solar input has been disconnected. Damage to the controller may result if the battery is removed while the TriStar MPPT 150V is charging.

• To prevent damage, power-down must be done in the reverse order as power-up.

Operation

The TriStar MPPT 150V operation is fully automatic. After installation is completed, there are few operator tasks to perform. However, the operator should be familiar with the operation and care of the TriStar MPPT 150V as described in this section.

TrakStar TM MPPT Technology

The TriStar MPPT 150V utilizes Morningstar’s TrakStar TM Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) technology to extract maximum power from the solar array. The tracking algorithm is fully automatic and does not require user adjustment. TrakStar TM technology tracks the array maximum power point as it varies with weather conditions, ensuring that maximum power is harvested from the array throughout the course of the day.

Current Boost
Under most conditions, TrakStar TM MPPT technology will “boost” the solar charge current. For example, a system may have 36 Amps of solar current flowing into the TS-MPPT and 44 Amps of charge current flowing out to the battery. The TriStar MPPT 150V does not create current! Rest assured that the power into the TriStar MPPT 150V is the same as the power out of the TriStar MPPT 150V. Since power is the product of voltage and current (Volts x Amps), the following is true*:

• Power Into the TriStar MPPT 150V = Power Out of the TriStar MPPT 150V

• Volts In x Amps In = Volts Out x Amps Out

• assuming 100% efficiency. Losses in wiring and conversion exist.

If the solar module’s maximum power voltage (V mp ) is greater than the battery voltage, it follows that the battery current must be proportionally greater than the solar input current so that input and output power are balanced. The greater the difference between the V mp and battery voltage, the greater the current boost. Current boost can be substantial in systems where the solar array is of a higher nominal voltage than the battery as described in the next section.

High Voltage Strings and Grid-Tie Modules
Another benefit of TrakStar TM MPPT technology is the ability to charge batteries with solar arrays of higher nominal voltages. For example, a 12 volt battery bank may be charged with a 12, 24, 36, or 48 volt nominal off-grid solar array. Grid-tie solar modules may also be used as long as the solar array open circuit voltage (V oc ) rating will not exceed the TriStar MPPT 150V 150 Volt maximum input voltage rating at worst-case (coldest) module temperature. The solar module documentation should provide V oc vs. temperature data.

Higher solar input voltage results in lower solar input current for a given input power. High voltage solar input strings allow for smaller gauge solar wiring. This is especially helpful and economical for systems with long wiring runs between the controller and the solar array.

An Advantage Over Traditional Controllers
Traditional controllers connect the solar module directly to the battery when recharging. This requires that the solar module operate in a voltage range that is usually below the module’s V mp . In a 12 Volt system for example, the battery voltage may range from 10 – 15 Vdc, but the module’s V mp is typically around 16 or 17 Volts. Figure 4-1 shows typical current vs. voltage and power output curves for a nominal 12 Volt off-grid module.Nominal 12 Volt Solar Module I-V curve and output power graph

The array V mp is the voltage where the product of output current and voltage (Amps x Volts) is greatest, which falls on the “knee” of the solar module I-V curve as shown on the left in Figure.

Because traditional controllers do not always operate at the V mp of the solar array, energy is wasted that could otherwise be used to charge the battery and power system loads. The greater the difference between battery voltage and the V mp of the module, the more energy is wasted. TrakStar TM MPPT technology will always operate at the maximum power point resulting in less wasted energy compared to traditional controllers.

Conditions That Limit the Effectiveness of MPPT
The V mp of a solar module decreases as the temperature of the module increases. In very hot weather, the V mp may be close or even less than battery voltage. In this situation, there will be very little or no MPPT gain compared to traditional controllers. However, systems with modules of higher nominal voltage than the battery bank will always have an array V mp greater than battery voltage. Additionally, the savings in wiring due to reduced solar current make MPPT worthwhile even in hot climates.

Battery Charging Information

4-Stage Charging

The TriStar MPPT 150V has a 4-stage battery charging algorithm for rapid, efficient, and safe
battery charging. Figure 4-2 shows the sequence of the stages.TriStar MPPT 150V Charging Algorithm

Bulk Charge Stage

In Bulk charging stage, the battery is not at 100% state of charge and battery voltage has not yet charged to the Absorption voltage set-point. The controller will deliver 100% of available solar power to recharge the battery.

Absorption Stage

When the battery has recharged to the Absorption voltage set-point, constant- voltage regulation is used to maintain battery voltage at the Absorption set- point. This prevents heating and excessive battery gasing. The battery is allowed to come to full state of charge at the Absorption voltage set-point. The green SOC LED will blink once per second during Absorption charging.

The battery must remain in the Absorption charging stage for a cumulative 150 – 180 minutes, depending on battery type, before transition to the Float stage will occur. However, Absorption time will be extended by 30 minutes if the battery discharges below 12.5 Volts (25 Volts @24 V, 50 Volts @48 V) the previous night.

The Absorption set-point is temperature compensated if the RTS is connected; otherwise, voltages set-points are based on the reference of 25ºC.

Float Stage

After the battery is fully charged in the Absorption stage, the TriStar MPPT 150V reduces the battery voltage to the Float voltage set-point. When the battery is fully recharged, there can be no more chemical reactions and all the charging current is turned into heat and gasing. The float stage provides a very low rate of maintenance charging while reducing the heating and gasing of a fully charged battery. The purpose of float is to protect the battery from long-term overcharge. The green SOC LED will blink once every two (2) seconds during Float charging.

Once in Float stage, loads can continue to draw power from the battery. In the event that the system load(s) exceed the solar charge current, the controller will no longer be able to maintain the battery at the Float set-point. Should the battery voltage remain below the Float set-point for a cumulative 60 minute period, the controller will exit Float stage and return to Bulk charging.

The Float set-point is temperature compensated if the RTS is connected; otherwise, voltages set-points are based on the reference of 25ºC.

Equalize Stage

WARNING: Risk of Explosion
Equalizing vented batteries produces explosive gases. The battery bank must be properly ventilated.

CAUTION: Equipment Damage
Equalization increases the battery voltage to levels that may damage sensitive DC loads. Verify all system loads are rated for the temperature compensated Equalize voltage before beginning an Equalization charge.

CAUTION: Equipment Damage
Excessive overcharging and gasing too vigorously can damage the battery plates and cause shedding of active material from the plates. An equalization that is too high or long can be damaging. Review the requirements for the particular battery being used in your system.

Certain battery types benefit from a periodic boost charge to stir the electrolyte, level the cell voltages, and complete the chemical reactions. Equalize charging raises the battery voltage above the standard absorption voltage so that the electrolyte gases. The green SOC LED will blink rapidly two (2) times per second during equalization charging.

The duration of the equalize charge is determined by the selected battery type. The Equalization Time is defined as time spent at the equalize set- point. If there is insufficient charge current to reach the equalization voltage, the equalization will terminate after an additional 60 minutes to avoid over gasing or heating the battery. If the battery requires more time in equalization, an equalize can be requested using the TriStar Meter or push- button to continue for one or more additional equalization cycles. The Equalize set-point is temperature compensated if the RTS is connected; otherwise, voltages set-points are based on the reference of 25ºC.

When to Equalize
The ideal frequency of equalizations depends on the battery type (lead- calcium, lead-antimony, etc.), the depth of discharging, battery age, temperature, and other factors. One very broad guide is to equalize flooded batteries every 1 to 3 months or every 5 to 10 deep discharges. Some batteries, such as the L-16 group, will need more frequent equalizations.

The difference between the highest cell and lowest cell in a battery can also indicate the need for an equalization. Either the specific gravity or the cell voltage can be measured. The battery manufacturer can recommend the specific gravity or voltage values for your particular battery.

Why Equalize?
Routine equalization cycles are often vital to the performance and life of a battery – particularly in a solar system. During battery discharge, sulfuric acid is consumed and soft lead sulfate crystals form on the plates. If the battery remains in a partially discharged condition, the soft crystals will turn into hard crystals over time. This process, called “lead sulfation,” causes the crystals to become harder over time and more difficult to convert back to soft active materials.

Sulfation from chronic undercharging of the battery is the leading cause of battery failures in solar charging systems. In addition to reducing the battery capacity, sulfate build-up is the most common cause of buckling plates and cracked grids. Deep cycle batteries are particularly susceptible to lead sulfation.

Normal charging of the battery can convert the sulfate back to the soft active material if the battery is fully recharged. However, a solar charged battery is seldom completely recharged, so the soft lead sulfate crystals harden over a period of time. Only a long controlled overcharge, or equalization, at a higher voltage can reverse the hardening of sulfate crystals.

Preparation for Equalization
First, confirm that all of the system loads are rated for the equalization voltage. Consider that at 0°C (32°F) the equalization voltage will reach 16.75 Volts for 12 Volt L-16 batteries (67.0 Volts for 48 Volt systems) with a temperature sensor installed. Disconnect any loads at risk of damage due to the high input voltage.

If Hydrocaps are used, be sure to remove them before starting an equalization. Replace the Hydrocaps with standard battery cell caps. The Hydrocaps can get very hot during an equalization. Also, if Hydrocaps are used, the equalization should be set for manual only (DIP switch #7 is Off).

After the equalization is finished, add distilled water to each cell to replace gasing losses. Check that the battery plates are covered.

Equalize a Sealed Battery?
The Battery Charging Settings table (see table 4-1 in this section) shows two sealed battery settings with an Equalization cycles. These are minimal “boost” cycles to level individual cells. This is not an equalization, and will not vent gas from sealed batteries that require up to 14.4V charging (12V battery). Many VRLA batteries, including AGM and gel, have charging requirements up to 14.4V (12V battery). Depending on the battery manufacturer’s recommendation, the “boost” cycle for sealed cells can be disabled by setting the equalize setting switch to manual, if required.

Battery Charging Settings

Preset TriStar MPPT 150V battery charging options are shown in tables 4-1 and 4-2 below. All
voltage settings listed are for nominal 12 Volt batteries. Multiply the voltage settings by two (2) for
24 Volt batteries or by four (4) for 48 Volt systems.

NOTE : These settings are general guidelines for use at the operator’s discretion. The TriStar MPPT 150V can be set or programmed to charge to virtually any specific requirements, but only the battery manufacturer can recommend optimal settings for their products.Battery charging settings for each selectable battery type

The TriStar MPPT 150V provides seven (7) standard battery charging settings that are selectable with the settings DIP switches (see Figure above). These standard charging settings are suitable for lead-acid batteries ranging from sealed (gel, AGM, maintenance-free) to Flooded and L-16 cells. In addition, an 8th charging setting provides for custom set-points using MSView TM PC software.Battery settings that are shared between all battery types

The shared settings in Table 4-2 above are common to all battery types. The following illustrations graphically explain the shared settings.Absorption extension charging profile.

If battery voltage discharges below 12.50 Volts (25.00 Volts @ 24 V, 50 Volts @ 48 V) the previous night, Absorption charging will be extended on the next charge cycle as shown in figure above. 30 minutes will be added to the normal Absorption duration.

Float Time-out![Morningstar Tristar MPPT Solar Charging System Controller

• Float exit time-out charging profile](https://manuals.plus/wp- content/uploads/2020/12/Pasted-into-Morningstar-Tristar-MPPT-Solar-Charging- System-Controller-User-Manual-29.png) Float exit time-out charging profile

After entering Float stage, the controller will only exit Float if the battery voltage remains below Float voltage for 60 cumulative minutes. In figure 4-4, a system load turns on at 3:30 hrs when the controller is in Float stage, runs for one hour, and turns off at 4:30 hrs. The load current draw is larger than the charge current, causing battery voltage to drop below Float voltage for 60 minutes. After the load runs for 60 minutes, the time-out causes the controller to return to Bulk charging, and then Absorption stage once again. In this example, a load runs continuously for 60 minutes. However, because the Float exit timer is cumulative, multiple momentary load events that pull the battery voltage below Float voltage for a combined 60 minutes duration will also force an exit from Float stage.

Float Cancel Voltage Float cancelled charging profile

If the battery bank discharges below 12.30 Volts (24.60 Volts @ 24 V, 49.20 Volts @ 48 V) the previous night, Float charging stage will be cancelled for the next charge cycle. Figure 4-5 above illustrates this concept. At 0:00 hrs (dawn), battery voltage is below the Float Cancel threshold voltage. The diagram shows where Float stage would have occurred if Float was not cancelled.

Equalize Time-out Equalize timeout charging profile

The charging profile in figure shows an Equalize Timeout event. The timeout timer begins as soon as battery voltage exceeds the Absorption voltage setpoint. If there is insufficient charging current or system loads are too large, the battery voltage may not reach the Equalize setpoint. Equalize Timeout is a safety feature that prevents high battery voltage for extended periods of time which may damage the battery.

Temperature Compensation

All charging settings are based on 25°C (77°F). If the battery temperature varies by 5°C, the charging setting will change by 0.15 Volts for a 12 Volt battery. This is a substantial change in the charging of the battery, and the use of the Remote Temperature Sensor (RTS) is recommended to adjust charging to the actual battery temperature.

The need for temperature compensation depends on the temperature variations, battery type, how the system is used, and other factors. If the battery appears to be gasing too much or not charging enough, the RTS can be added at any time after the system has been installed.

Battery Sense

Voltage drops are unavoidable in power cables that carry current, including the TriStar MPPT 150V battery cables. If Battery Sense wires are not used, the controller must use the voltage reading at the battery power terminals for regulation. Due to voltage drops in the battery cables, the battery power connection voltage will be higher than the actual battery bank voltage while charging the battery.

Two sense wires, sized from 1.0 to 0.25 mm 2 (16 to 24 AWG), can be used for battery voltage sense. Because these wires carry no current, the voltage at the TriStar will be identical to the battery voltage. A 2-position terminal is used for the battery sense connection.
Generally accepted wiring practice is to limit voltage drops between the charger and the battery to 2%. Even properly sized wiring with 2% drop can result in a 0.29 Volt drop for 14.4V charging (or 1.15 Volt for a 48 Volt nominal system). Voltage drops will cause some undercharging of the battery. The controller will begin Absorption or limit equalization at a lower battery voltage because the controller measures a higher voltage at the controller’s terminals than is the actual battery voltage. For example, if the controller is programmed to start Absorption at 14.4V, when the controller “sees” 14.4V at its battery terminals, the true battery voltage would only be 14.1V if there is a 0.3V drop between the controller and battery.

Note that the battery sense wires will not power the controller, and the sense wires will not compensate for losses in the power wires between the controller and the battery. The battery sense wires are used to improve the accuracy of the battery charging.

Push-button

The following functions can be enabled with the push-button (located on the front cover):

PUSH

• Reset from an error or fault.
• Reset the battery service indication if this has been activated in custom settings. A new service period will be started, and the flashing LEDs will stop blinking. If the battery service is performed before the LEDs begin blinking, the push-button must be pushed at the time when the LEDs are blinking to reset the service interval and stop the blinking.

PUSH AND HOLD 5 SECONDS

• Request battery equalization manually. The TriStar MPPT 150V will begin equalization in either the manual or automatic equalization mode. Equalization will begin when there is sufficient solar power to charge the battery up to the equalization voltage. The LEDs will blink the sequence defined in table 4-3 below to confirm that an equalize has been requested. The equalization request will automatically stop per the battery type selected. Equalization will only occur if the selected battery type has an equalization stage.
• Stop an equalization that is in progress. This will be effective in either the manual or automatic mode. The equalization will be terminated. The LEDs will blink to confirm the equalize has been cancelled as shown in table below.

Manual equalization LED indications

• See key on p. 44

NOTE :
For multiple TriStar MPPT 150V controllers on a MeterBus TM network, initialize a battery equalization using the TriStar meter so that all controllers are synchronized.

Note that if two or more TriStar MPPT 150V controllers are charging in parallel, each controller may attempt to equalize on a different day. Systems with multiple controllers should only equalize manually to ensure synchronization between controllers.

LED Indications

Valuable information can be provided by the three LEDs visible through the front cover. Although there are many different LED indications, they have similar patterns to make it easier to interpret each LED display. Consider as three groups of indications: General Transitions // Battery Status // Faults & Alarms.

LED Display Explanation
G = green LED is lit
Y – R = yellow LED is lit, then red LED is lit alone
G / Y = green and yellow are both lit at the same time
G / Y – R = green & yellow both lit, then red is lit alone

Sequencing LED patterns (faults) repeat until the fault is cleared

General Transitions

• Controller start-up : G – Y – R (one cycle)
• Equalize start request : G / Y/ R – G / Y / R – G – G
• Equalize cancelled : G / Y / R – G / Y / R – R – R
• Battery service is required* : all three LEDs blinking until service is reset

*battery service notification is only enabled in custom settings, or when any custom edit is programmed

Battery Status

• General state-of-charge : See battery SOC LED indications below
• Absorption state : G blinking (½ second on / ½ second off)
• Equalization state : G fast blink (2.5 times per second)
• Float state : G slow blink (1 second on / 1 second off)

Faults & Alarms

• Over-temperature Y – R sequencing
• High voltage disconnect G – R sequencing
• DIP switch fault R -Y – G sequencing
• Self-test faults R – Y – G sequencing
• Remote Temperature Sensor (RTS) G – R sequencing, with constant yellow
• Battery voltage sense G – R sequencing, with constant yellow
• Battery over-current R / Y – G sequencing

Battery State-of-Charge LED Indications

G : 80% to 95% SOC
G / Y : 60% to 80% SOC
Y : 35% to 60% SOC
Y / R : 0% to 35% SOC
R : battery is discharging

Refer to the Specifications (Section 8.0) for the State-of-Charge voltages.
Note that because these State-of-Charge LED displays are for all battery types and system designs, they are only approximate indications of the battery charge state.

Ethernet Jack Indications

In addition to the SOC LEDs, two (2) small LEDs can be found on the Ethernet RJ-45 jack inside the wiring box. These LEDs indicate the LAN/WAN network link and activity status as follows:

Condition | Green LED | Yellow LED
Network Connection OK | ON | OFF
Network Activity | ON |Blinking
Error | OFF | ON

Protections, Faults & Alarms

The TriStar MPPT 150V protections and automatic recovery are important features that ensure the safe operation of the system. Additionally, the TriStar MPPT 150V features real-time self diagnostics that report Fault and Alarm conditions as they occur.

Faults are events or conditions that require the TriStar MPPT 150V to cease operation. A Fault usually occurs when a limit such as voltage, current, or temperature has been surpassed. Fault conditions are indicated with unique LED sequences and are also displayed on the TriStar Meter.

Alarms are events or conditions that may require the TriStar MPPT 150V to modify operation. Alarms are commonly used to alert the user that the controller is nearing a specific voltage, current, or temperature limit. Alarm conditions are only displayed on the TriStar Meter.

Protections

Solar Overload
The TriStar MPPT 150V will limit battery current to the Maximum Battery Current rating. An over-sized solar array will not operate at peak power. The solar array should be less than the TriStar MPPT 150V Nominal Maximum Input Power rating for optimal performance. For more information see the Nominal Maximum Input Power asterisk on p. 63.

Solar Short Circuit
The TriStar MPPT 150V will disconnect the solar input if a short circuit is detected in the solar wiring. Charging automatically resumes when the short is cleared. No LED indication.

High Input Voltage Current Limit
The TriStar MPPT 150V will limit the solar input current as the solar array Voc approaches the maximum input voltge rating. The array Voc should never exceed the 150 volt maximum input voltage – see the array voltage de-rating graph in Appendix.

Very Low Battery Voltage
If battery discharges below ~7 Volts the controller will go into brownout and shut down. When the battery voltage rises above the 8 Volt minimum operating voltage, the controller will restart.

Faults

Remote Temperature Sensor Failure (G – R sequencing, with constant yellow)
If a fault in the RTS (such as a short circuit, open circuit, loose terminal) occurs after the RTS has been working, the LED’s will indicate a failure. However, if the controller is restarted with a failed RTS, the controller may not detect that the RTS is connected, and the LEDs will not indicate a problem. A TriStar meter or the PC software can be used to determine if an RTS is detected and working properly.

Battery Voltage Sense Failure (G – R sequencing, with constant yellow)
If a fault in the battery sense connection (such as a short circuit, open circuit or loose terminal) occurs after the battery sense has been working, the LEDs will indicate a failure. If the controller is restarted with the failure still present, the controller may not detect that the battery sense is connected and the LEDs will not indicate a fault. A TriStar meter or the PC software can be used to determine if the battery sense is working properly.

Battery Over-Current (R / Y – G)
While rare, if battery charging current exceeds approximately 130% of the controller’s output current rating, this fault can occur. The fault is generally related to fast, large battery voltage transients (connecting a very heavy or capacitive load like an inverter) that are faster than the controller can regulate and it shuts off to protect the circuitry. The controller will automatically re-start in 10 seconds.

Settings (DIP) Switch Changed (R-Y-G sequencing)
If a settings switch is changed while there is power to the controller, the LEDs will begin sequencing and the solar input will disconnect. The controller must be re-started to clear the fault and begin operation with the new settings.

Battery High Voltage Disconnect (G-R sequencing)
This fault is set when battery voltage is above normal operating limits. The controller will disconnect the solar input and set a High Voltage Disconnect fault. This fault is commonly caused by other charging sources in the system charging the battery above the TriStar MPPT 150V regulation voltage. When the battery voltage returns to normal levels, the fault will automatically clear.

Custom Settings Edit (R -Y- G sequencing)
A value has been modified in custom settings memory. The controller will stop charging and indicate a fault condition. After all settings have been modified, the controller must be reset by removing and then restoring power to the controller. The new programmed settings will be used after the power reset.

Firmware Update Failure
The firmware update was not successfully programmed. The controller will not indicate the full power-up LED sequence of G – Y – R when power to the controller is reset. Instead, the controller will display green and then stop on yellow. The yellow LED will continue to be lit and the controller will not complete start up or begin charging. Retry the firmware update. The firmware must be successfully loaded before the controller will start up.

Alarms

High Temperature Current Limit
The TriStar MPPT 150V will limit the solar input current if the heatsink temperature exceeds safe limits. Solar charge current will be tapered back (to 0 amps if needed) to reduce the heatsink temperature. The TriStar MPPT 150V is designed to operate at full rated current at the maximum ambient temperature. This alarm indicates that there is insufficient airflow and that the heatsink temperature is approaching unsafe limits. If the controller frequently reports this alarm condition, corrective action must be taken to provide better air flow or to relocate the controller to a cooler spot.

High Input Voltage Current Limit
The TriStar MPPT 150V will limit the solar input current as the solar array Voc approaches the maximum input voltage rating. The array Voc should never exceed the 150 Volt maximum input voltage. See the array voltage derating graph in Section 8.0.

Current Limit
The array power exceeds the rating of the controller. This alarm indicates that the TriStar MPPT 150V is limiting battery current to the maximum current rating.

RTS Open
The Remote Temperature Sensor is not connected to the controller. Use of the RTS is recommended for proper battery charging.

Heatsink Temperature Sensor Open / Shorted
The heatsink temperature sensor is damaged. Return the controller to an authorized Morningstar dealer for service.

Battery Sense Out of Range / Disconnected
A battery sense wire is disconnected. Inspect the battery sense connections. This alarm is set when the voltage at the battery sense voltage differs by more than 5 volts from the voltage at the battery terminals.

Uncalibrated
The controller was not factory calibrated. Return the controller to an authorized Morningstar dealer for service.

Inspection and Maintenance

WARNING: RISK OF ELECTRICAL SHOCK.
NO POWER OR ACCESSORY TERMINALS ARE ELECTRICALLY ISOLATED FROM DC INPUT, AND MAY BE ENERGIZED WITH HAZARDOUS SOLAR VOLTAGE. UNDER CERTAIN FAULT CONDITIONS, BATTERY COULD BECOME OVER-CHARGED. TEST BETWEEN ALL TERMINALS AND GROUND BEFORE TOUCHING.

WARNING: Shock Hazard
Disconnect all power sources to the controller before removing the wiring box cover. Never remove the cover when voltage exists on the TriStar MPPT 150V power connections.

Table below lists the recommended maintenance schedule to keep your TriStar MPPT 150V
performing optimally.Maintenance Schedule

Networking and Communication

Introduction

The TriStar MPPT 150V provides several communication options. The TriStar MPPT 150V uses a proprietary protocol for the MeterBus TM network and the non- proprietary open standard MODBUS TM and MODBUS TCP/IP TM protocols for RS-232, EIA-485, and ethernet networks. Additionally, HTTP, SMTP, and SNMP are supported for web page, email, and network message support. Morningstar’s MSView TM PC software provides system monitoring and logging capabilities via RS-232, EIA-485, and ethernet. MSView TM PC software is available for free on our website at:

http://www.morningstarcorp.com.

Further, hardware and third party software that supports the MODBUS TM protocol can also be used to communicate with a TriStar MPPT 150V.

Multiple communication ports can be used simultaneously. For example, a TriStar MPPT 150V may be connected to a MeterBus TM network for on-site system metering, connected to the internet for remote monitoring, and connected to an EIA-485 network to bridge data from other controllers in the system to an internet connection. Note that the RS-232 and EIA-485 connections share hardware and therefore cannot be used simultaneously.

Table below provides a summary of supported features for each communication interface.Communication summary

Morningstar MeterBus TM

Morningstar’s proprietary MeterBus TM protocol allows communication between compatible Morningstar products. Use a MeterBus TM network to:

• display net system data for multiple TriStar / TriStar MPPT 150V systems**
• communicate with a TriStar Digital Meter 2 or TriStar Remote Meter 2
• communicate with a Relay Driver or other compatible Morningstar accessories (see section 2.5 for more details)

**A Morningstar MeterBus Hub (HUB-1) and either a TriStar Digital Meter 2 (TS-M-2) or TriStar Remote Meter 2 (TS-RM-2) are required, not included.

A MeterBus Hub (model: HUB-1) is required for MeterBus networks containing multiple TriStar MPPT 150V controllers. The ports on the hub are electrically isolated to prevent damage in the event of broken grounds or voltage differences between controllers. Figure below shows an example MeterBus TM network with two (2) TriStar MPPT 150V controllers and a TriStar Remote Meter 2 (TS-RM2).An example MeterBus network

Up to five (5) controllers can be networked together with a single hub. Multiple hubs can be daisy-chained together to allow networks of up to 14 controllers and a meter. Refer to the HUB-1 and TriStar Meter manuals for more information about Morningstar MeterBus TM networking.

Serial RS-232

The serial port connection on the TriStar MPPT 150V is a standard 9-pin isolated RS-232 port. See figure 3-5 for the port location.The TriStar MPPT 150V communicates through the serial port via the open standard MODBUS TM protocol.

Connect the TriStar MPPT 150V to the serial port on a PC to:

• program custom charge settings with MSView TM PC software
• view real-time data with MSView TM PC software
• log real-time data with MSView TM PC software
• configure ethernet settings
• update controller firmware with MSLoad TM firmware utility

NOTE :
The RS-232 and EIA-485 ports share hardware. Both ports cannot be used simultaneously.

NOTE :
If your PC does not have a serial port, a USB to Serial cable can be purchased at your local electronics retailer.

The serial connection is ideal for configuring custom settings or monitoring a single TriStar MPPT 150V controller. Figure 5-2 shows a serial connection between the controller and a PC with MSView TM PC software.A serial connection between a PC and the TriStar MPPT 150V

Serial Port Settings
Adjust the serial port settings as follows:

• 9600 BAUD
• 8 data bits
• 1 or 2 stop bits
• no parity

The serial RS-232 connection provides a direct connection between a TriStar MPPT 150V and a PC (or other serial device). Firmware updates can only be programmed through the RS-232 connection. The serial connection is not typically used for multi-controller networking. However, networking is possible using a USB hub and USB-Serial cables. For more information, refer to the “Morningstar Communications Document” on our website at:

www.morningstarcorp.com

EIA-485 (formerly RS-485)

NOTE :
The EIA-485 connection is only available on the TS-MPPT-60/M model.

NOTE :
The RS-232 and EIA-485 ports share hardware. Both ports cannot be used simultaneously.

EIA-485 is a networking standard for serial communication between multiple devices on a bus. The TriStar MPPT 150V communicates over an EIA-485 network via the open standard MODBUS TM protocol. Use EIA-485 networking to:

• connect multiple TriStar MPPT 150V controllers on a network to log and view real-time data using MSView TM PC software
• program each controller on the network with custom charge settings using MSView TM PC software
• connect the TriStar MPPT 150V to other Morningstar controllers with the RSC-1 Serial to EIA-485 Adapter (sold separately)
• bridge an Ethernet connection through a TriStar MPPT 150V to an EIA-485 network

The EIA-485 port has four (4) connections: Power, Data A, Data B, and Ground. Data A & B are differentially driven data lines that carry the network data. Power and Ground connections provide power to the network. The TriStar MPPT 150V does not supply power to the EIA-485 network, therefore an external power source is required. The source voltage must be between 8-16 Vdc. For 12 Volt systems, the network can be powered directly from the system battery. Use a DC-DC converter for 24, 36, and 48 Volt systems.

CAUTION: Equipment Damage
Tapping power off of individual batteries in a series string of batteries can cause a voltage imbalance. Damage to the batteries may result. Always use a DC-DC converter to power the EIA-485 network if the nominal system voltage is greater than 12 volts.

For more information on EIA-485 networking, refer to the “Morningstar Communications Document” on our website at:

www.morningstarcorp.com

Ethernet

NOTE :
Ethernet is only available on the TS-MPPT-60/M model.

CAUTION: Risk of Tampering
The TS-MPPT does not feature built-in network security. It is the responsibility of the user or network administrator to place the TS-MPPT behind a network firewall to prevent unauthorized access.

The Ethernet port supports HTTP, MODBUS TCP/IP TM , SMTP, and SNMP protocols to provide a fully web-enabled interface between the TriStar MPPT 150V and a LAN/WAN network or the internet. Some of the many features the Ethernet connection provides include:

• program custom settings with MSView TM PC software
• monitor the controller from a web browser
• modify controller settings from a web browser
• log and monitor the system with MSView TM PC software anywhere on the internet
• create custom web pages to show system data
• send an email or text message if a fault, alarm, or user-defined event occurs
• monitor and receive messages on an SNMP network

This section provides a summary of each of the features. For detailed information about Ethernet connectivity and networking, refer to the “Morningstar Communications Document” on our website at:

www.morningstarcorp.com

Network Information

Connect to the TriStar MPPT 150V via an Ethernet network (LAN/WAN) or connect the controller directly to a PC using an ethernet cross-over cable. Use CAT-5 or CAT-5e twisted pair Ethernet cables with RJ-45 connectors. A network diagram for both scenarios is shown in figure below.Ethernet network diagrams

Factory Default Network Settings
DHCP : enabled
Live View Web Address : http://tsmppt + serial number **
IP : 192.168.1.253 (if DHCP is not enabled)
Subnet Mask : 255.255.255.0
Gateway : 192.168.1.1
Primary DNS Server : 169.254.1.1
MODBUS TCP/IP TM Port : 502

** The Live View web address is unique to each controller. If the TriStar MPPT 150V serial number is 09501234, then the Live View address is: http://tsmppt09501234. The Live View address is printed on the serial label on the side of the unit for reference.

The controller’s MAC Address is located on the serial label on the side of the controller.
Two (2) LEDs on the Ethernet jack indicate link and activity status.

Condition | Green LED | Yellow LED
Network Connection OK | ON | OFF
Network Activity | ON | Blinking
Error | OFF | ON

Web Pages

Connect the TriStar MPPT 150V controller to the network using an Ethernet cable. Wait 5 to 10 minutes for the controller to connect to the network. Open a web browser on any PC on the network. Enter the Live View web address in the address bar of the web browser. The TriStar MPPT 150V main Live View webpage will load. Links are provided to real-time data, history, and network settings adjustment pages.

Pages served by the TriStar MPPT 150V are ideal for retrieving quick information about the charge controller and making adjustments to network settings. However, there is no ability to customize the layout or data displayed. Also, information from multiple controllers cannot be displayed on the same webpage.

Custom Settings

The TriStar MPPT 150V Setup Wizard in MSView TM provides an interface to adjust all operating parameters. Morningstar’s MSView TM PC software can connect to any TriStar MPPT 150V on the Ethernet network or through a RS-232 serial connection. Refer to the help documentation included with MSView TM for more information.

Email & SMS Alerts

The email and SMS alerts feature sends notification to an email address or mobile phone if one of the following occurs:

• TriStar MPPT 150V self diagnostics fault condition
• TriStar MPPT 150V self diagnostics alarm condition
• User-defined event (e.g. battery voltage is less than 46 Volts)

Up to four email and SMS alerts can be configured from the network settings web page in the MSView TriStar MPPT 150V wizard.

View Logged Data

The TriStar MPPT 150V logs up to 200 days* of daily data. The controller always logs the standard values listed below. Using MSView, the controller can be configured to log additional optional values each day. The maximum number of days that can be stored decreases as the number of logged values increases.

Standard Values

• Minimum Battery Voltage
• Maximum Battery Voltage
• Daily Events (Equalize triggered, Entered Float, Alarm/Fault occurred, Controller Reset)
• Faults / Alarms – recorded only if a fault or alarm occurs that day

Optional Values

• Maximum Array Voltage

• Maximum Power Output

• Charge Amp-hours

• Charge Watt-hours

• Minimum/Maximum Battery Temperature

• Charge stage regulation timers for Absorption, Float, Equalize

• logging only standard values

SNMP

For telecom and industrial applications that require SNMP monitoring of deployed systems, the
TriStar MPPT 150V will behave as an SNMP agent and supports the following commands:

TRAP
GET
GETNEXT

A link to the agent Management Information Base file (*.MIB) is available on the TriStar MPPT 150V Live View Network Settings page.

Troubleshooting

WARNING: RISK OF ELECTRICAL SHOCK.
NO POWER OR ACCESSORY TERMINALS ARE ELECTRICALLY ISOLATED FROM DC INPUT, AND MAY BE ENERGIZED WITH HAZARDOUS SOLAR VOLTAGE. UNDER CERTAIN FAULT CONDITIONS, BATTERY COULD BECOME OVER-CHARGED. TEST BETWEEN ALL TERMINALS AND GROUND BEFORE TOUCHING.

WARNING: Shock Hazard
A means of disconnecting all power supply poles must be provided. These disconnects must be incorporated in the fixed wiring. Open all power source disconnects before removing controller wiring cover, or accessing wiring.

Battery Charging and Performance Issues

Problem :
No LED indications, controller does not appear to be powered

Solution :
With a multi-meter, check the voltage at the battery terminals on the TriStar MPPT 150V. Battery voltage must be 8 Vdc or greater. If the voltage on the battery terminals of the controller is between 8 and 72 Vdc and no LEDs are lit, contact your authorized Morningstar dealer for service. If no voltage is measured, check wiring connections, fuses, and breakers.

Problem :
The TriStar MPPT 150V is not charging the battery.

Solution :
Check the three (3) battery SOC LEDs. If they are flashing a sequence, see Section 4.4 Faults & Alarms of this manual to determine the issue. If a TriStar Meter 2 is connected, the diagnostics menu will display reported faults and alarms. If the LED indications are normal, check the fuses, breakers, and wiring connections in the solar array wiring. With a multi- meter, check the array voltage directly at the TriStar MPPT 150V solar input terminals. Input voltage must be greater than battery voltage before charging will begin.

NOTE :
For more in-depth testing and diagnosis, download the TriStar MPPT 150V Testing Document from the Support section on our website: www.morningstarcorp.com/

Network and Communication Issues

Problem :
Cannot connect to the controller via RS-232

Solution :
Check the following:

• The RS-232 cable is straight-through, not a Null Modem (cross-over)
• If using a serial-USB adapter, verify that the adapter software is installed and a serial COM port has been mapped. Check the activity light on the USB adapter if it has one. If there is no activity, the wrong COM port has been chosen or there is a configuration issue with the adapter.
• The default MODBUS ID of the TriStar MPPT 150V is 1. Verify that the PC software is configured to communicate using the correct MODBUS ID.

Problem :
Cannot connect to the controller via EIA-485

Solution :
Check the following:

• The RS-232 port is not in use. The EIA-485 and RS-232 ports cannot be used simultaneously. Only one port can be used at a time.
• The RSC-1 adapter used to connect the PC to the EIA-485 network shows a green LED and pulses red when a connection is attempted. See the RSC-1 documentation for more information.
• Each controller or device on the EIA-485 network has been programmed with a unique MODBUS ID.
• A serial cross-over (Null Modem) cable is used for the connection between the PC and the Morningstar RSC-1 485 Adapter. A straight-through serial cable will not work.
• Power is supplied to the 4-wire bus on the Power/Ground lines. The bus requires voltage in the range: 8 – 16 Vdc.
• All bus connections are secure and each terminal is wired in parallel: line A to line A, line B to line B, etc.

Problem :
Cannot connect to the controller via Ethernet

Solution :
See the TriStar MPPT 150V Networking Companion Document, available on our website.

Warranty and Claim Procedure

LIMITED WARRANTY Morningstar Solar Controllers and Inverters

The TriStar MPPT 150V is warrantied to be free from defects in material and workmanship for a period of FIVE (5) years from the date of shipment to the original end user. Morningstar will, at its option, repair or replace any such defective units.

WARRANTY EXCLUSIONS AND LIMITATIONS:

This warranty does not apply under the following conditions:

• Damage by accident, negligence, abuse or improper use
• PV or load currents exceeding the ratings of the product
• Unauthorized product modification or attempted repair
• Damage occurring during shipment
• Damage results from acts of nature such as lightning and weather extremes

THE WARRANTY AND REMEDIES SET FORTH ABOVE ARE EXCLUSIVE AND IN LIEU OF ALL OTHERS, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. MORNINGSTAR SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. NO MORNINGSTAR DISTRIBUTOR, AGENT OR EMPLOYEE IS AUTHORIZED TO MAKE ANY MODIFICATION OR EXTENSION TO THIS WARRANTY.
MORNINGSTAR IS NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OF ANY KIND, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOST PROFITS, DOWN-TIME, GOODWILL OR DAMAGE TO EQUIPMENT OR PROPERTY.

WARRANTY CLAIM PROCEDURE

1. Before proceeding, please refer to product manual, including troubleshooting section.

2. Contacting your authorized Morningstar distributor or dealer from whom you purchased the unit is the first step in the warranty process. Local dealers can often address warranty issues quickly.

3. If supplier is unable to address the issue, please contact Morningstar by e-mail (support@morn-ingstarcorp.com) with:

• purchase location — business or company name
• full model and serial numbers (SN is 8-digits on unit bar label)
• failure behavior, including LED indications
• array configuration, panel Pmax, Voc, Vmp, Isc, and battery voltage; these specifications are needed to receive assistance.
• multi-meter available (for field troubleshooting)

4. After warranty replacement has been approved and new unit(s) received, please return failed unit(s) using pre-paid shipping label, and follow any product specific instructions if requested by Morningstar Warranty Dept.

5. If instructed by Morningstar, after warranty replacement shipment has been received, return of failed unit(s) is required before further warranty replacements can be considered for the original or future cases.

NOTE: Please do not return units without an RMA or case number. Doing so will increase the
time required to resolve your claim.

Specifications

Electrical

Electrical Specifications

Battery Charging

Charging algorithm : 4 – stage
Charging stages : Bulk, Absorption, Float, Equalize
Temperature compensation coefficient : -5 mV / °C / cell (25 °C ref.)
Temperature compensation range : -30 °C to +80 °C
Temperature compensated set-points : Absorption, Float, Equalize, HVD
Charging Set-points:Charging Set-points

NOTE :
All charging voltage set-points listed are for 12 Volt systems.
Multiply 2X for 24 Volt systems, 4X for 48 Volt systems.

Battery Charging Status LEDs

Mechanical

Environmental

Protections

Solar high voltage disconnect
Solar high voltage reconnect
Battery high voltage disconnect
Battery high voltage reconnect
High temperature disconnect
High temperature reconnect

De-ratings

Battery Current vs. Array VoltageBattery Current vs. Heatsink Temperature

Efficiency

Battery @ 12.8 V, 25 C ambient, firmware ver. 08 or laterBattery @ 25.6 V, 25 C ambient, firmware ver. 08 or laterBattery @ 51.2 V, 25 C ambient, firmware ver. 08 or later

2% Voltage Drop Charts for 75°C Stranded Copper Wire

1-Way Wire Distance (feet), 12 Volt System Maximum 1-way wire distance for 12 Volt systems, stranded copper, 2% voltage drop

1-Way Wire Distance (meters), 12 Volt System Maximum 1-way wire distance for 12 Volt systems, solid copper, 2% voltage drop

** Wires sizes larger than 2 AWG (35 mm 2 ) must be terminated at a splicer block located outside of the TriStar MPPT 150V wiring box. Use 2 AWG (35 mm 2 ) or smaller wire to connect to the TriStar MPPT 150V to the splicer block.

Notes :

• The specified wire length is for a pair of conductors from the solar or battery source to the controller (1-way distance)
• For 24 volt systems, multiply the 1-way length in the table by 2.
• For 48 volt systems, multiply the 1-way length in the table by 4.
• Shaded cells in the table indicate that the current exceeds the ampacity of the wire for a given ambient temperature as defined in the following table:

*Wire Ampacity Key**
Exceeds wire ampacity at 60°C ambient temperature
Exceeds wire ampacity at 50°C ambient temperature
Exceeds wire ampacity at 40°C ambient temperature
Exceeds wire ampacity at 30°C ambient temperature

*Ampacity for not more than three current-carrying conductors in a raceway, cable, or earth (buried).

2% Voltage Drop Charts for 75°C Solid Copper Wire

1-Way Wire Distance (feet), 12 Volt System Maximum 1-way wire distance for 12 Volt systems, solid copper, 2% voltage drop

1-Way Wire Distance (meters), 12 Volt System Maximum 1-way wire distance for 12 Volt systems, solid copper, 2% voltage drop

** Wires sizes larger than 2 AWG (35 mm 2 ) must be terminated at a splicer block located outside of the TriStar MPPT 150V wiring box. Use 2 AWG (35 mm 2 ) or smaller wire to connect to the TriStar MPPT 150V to the splicer block.

Notes :

• The specified wire length is for a pair of conductors from the solar or battery source to the controller (1-way distance)
• For 24 volt systems, multiply the 1-way length in the table by 2.
• For 48 volt systems, multiply the 1-way length in the table by 4.
• Shaded cells in the table indicate that the current exceeds the ampacity of the wire for a given ambient temperature as defined in the following table:

*Wire Ampacity Key**
Exceeds wire ampacity at 60°C ambient temperature
Exceeds wire ampacity at 50°C ambient temperature
Exceeds wire ampacity at 40°C ambient temperature
Exceeds wire ampacity at 30°C ambient temperature

*Ampacity for not more than three current-carrying conductors in a raceway, cable, or earth (buried).

2% Voltage Drop Charts for 90°C Stranded Copper Wire

1-Way Wire Distance (feet), 12 Volt System

Maximum 1-way wire distance for 12 Volt systems, stranded copper, 2% voltage drop

1-Way Wire Distance (meters), 12 Volt System Maximum 1-way wire distance for 12 Volt systems, stranded copper, 2% voltage drop

** Wires sizes larger than 2 AWG (35 mm 2 ) must be terminated at a splicer block located outside of the TriStar MPPT 150V wiring box. Use 2 AWG (35 mm 2 ) or smaller wire to connect to the TriStar MPPT 150V to the splicer block.

Notes :

• The specified wire length is for a pair of conductors from the solar or battery source to the controller (1-way distance)
• For 24 volt systems, multiply the 1-way length in the table by 2.
• For 48 volt systems, multiply the 1-way length in the table by 4.
• Shaded cells in the table indicate that the current exceeds the ampacity of the wire for a given ambient temperature as defined in the following table:

*Wire Ampacity Key**
Exceeds wire ampacity at 60°C ambient temperature
Exceeds wire ampacity at 50°C ambient temperature
Exceeds wire ampacity at 40°C ambient temperature
Exceeds wire ampacity at 30°C ambient temperature

*Ampacity for not more than three current-carrying conductors in a raceway, cable, or earth (buried).

2% Voltage Drop Charts for 90°C Solid Copper Wire

1-Way Wire Distance (feet), 12 Volt System Maximum 1-way wire distance for 12 Volt systems, solid copper, 2% voltage drop

1-Way Wire Distance (meters), 12 Volt System

Maximum 1-way wire distance for 12 Volt systems, solid copper, 2% voltage drop

** Wires sizes larger than 2 AWG (35 mm 2 ) must be terminated at a splicer block located outside of the TriStar MPPT 150V wiring box. Use 2 AWG (35 mm 2 ) or smaller wire to connect to the TriStar MPPT 150V to the splicer block.

Notes :

• The specified wire length is for a pair of conductors from the solar or battery source to the controller (1-way distance)
• For 24 volt systems, multiply the 1-way length in the table by 2.
• For 48 volt systems, multiply the 1-way length in the table by 4.
• Shaded cells in the table indicate that the current exceeds the ampacity of the wire for a given ambient temperature as defined in the following table:

*Wire Ampacity Key**
Exceeds wire ampacity at 60°C ambient temperature
Exceeds wire ampacity at 50°C ambient temperature
Exceeds wire ampacity at 40°C ambient temperature
Exceeds wire ampacity at 30°C ambient temperature

*Ampacity for not more than three current-carrying conductors in a raceway, cable, or earth (buried).

Certifications

• Complies with UL 1741, 62109 and CSA-C22.2 No. 107.1-01
• Complies with IEC 62109-1: 2010
• Complies with the US National Electrical Code
• FCC Class B compliant

ENs Directives :

• Complies with ENs and LVD standards for CE marking
  EN 61000-6-2:2005 EMC Immunity, Industrial Environments
  EN 55022:2007 (Class B) EMC Emissions
  EN 60335-1:2002 Safety
  EN 60335-2-29:2005 Safety
  IEC 62109-1:2010 Safety of Power Converters in PV Systems

TrisStar MPPT TM , MeterBus TM are trademarks of Morningstar Corporation

MODBUS TM and MODBUS TCP/IP TM are trademarks of Modbus IDA. www.modbus- ida.org

© 2018 Morningstar Corporation. All rights reserved.

MS-000946 v6.1

Morningstar Tristar MPPT Solar Charging System Controller User Manual – Optimized PDF
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