Studio Technologies 780-01 Studio Comm for Surround User Guide
- June 1, 2024
- Studio Technologies
Table of Contents
- Studio Technologies 780-01 Studio Comm for Surround
- Product Information
- Product Usage Instructions
- FAQs
- Revision History
- Introduction
- Connections
- Additional Control Consoles
- Configurable Parameters
- Reference Level
- Input Delay
- StudioComm for Surround
- Operation
- Loss of Sync
- Error Code Err2
- Specifications
- References
- Read User Manual Online (PDF format)
- Download This Manual (PDF format)
Studio Technologies 780-01 Studio Comm for Surround
Product Information
Specifications
- Model 780-01 Central Controller and Model 790 Control Console
- Software Version: 1.02 and higher
- FPGA Version: 4.15 and higher Compatible with systems consisting of specific serial numbers as mentioned in the manual
- Input/Output Impedance: 110 ohms
- Signal Level: 5 volts peak-to-peak (Vpp)
- Audio Processing: 32-bit logic using high-speed FPGA integrated circuit
Product Usage Instructions
Installation
- Ensure the Model 780-01 Central Controller and associated Model 790 or Model 71 Control Consoles are powered off.
- Connect the AC mains input to a power source.
- Connect the Control Consoles to the designated ports on the Central Controller.
- Power on the devices and wait for initialization.
Operation
The Model 780-01 Central Controller is the core of the system.
Here’s a brief overview of the operation:
- Use the Control Console status LED to monitor the status of the connected consoles.
- Select input sources using the Input source select feature.
- Adjust monitor output levels using the Monitor output level display on the Control Console.
- Utilize the Mute/Solo mode for individual channel control.
Maintenance
To ensure optimal performance, regularly check for software updates for both the Central Controller and Control Consoles. Keep the devices clean and free from dust accumulation.
FAQs
- Q: Can I connect more than one Model 790 Control Console to the Model 780-01 Central Controller?
- A: Yes, you can connect up to three additional Model 790 or Model 71 Control Consoles to the Central Controller, providing control for multiple users.
- Q: What type of audio signals are supported by the monitor outputs?
- A: The pre-fader and post-fader monitor outputs support balanced AES3 digital audio signals with an output impedance of 110 ohms and a signal level of 5 volts peak-to-peak (Vpp).
“`
for Surround
Model 780-01 Central Controller and Model 790 Control Console
User Guide
Issue 5, January 2024 This User Guide is applicable for systems consisting of:
Model 780-01: serial number M780-01-00151 and later with software version 1.02
and higher and FPGA version 4.15 and higher; Model 790: serial number
M790-00151 and later with software version 1.00 and higher
Copyright © 2024 by Studio Technologies, Inc., all rights reserved studio-
tech.com
50390-0124, Issue 5
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Model 780-01 & Model 790
StudioComm for Surround
Model 780-01/790 User Guide Studio Technologies, Inc.
Issue 5, January 2024 Page 3
Model 780-01 & Model 790
StudioComm for Surround
Revision History
Issue 5, January 2024: · Documents addition of mute all and dim status
outputs.
Issue 4, December 2020: · Revises how dim values are stated. Now are four
positive dB values. Operation does not change.
For clarification only.
Issue 3, October 2016: · Revises text for error codes Err1, Err2, and Err3;
added text for error code Err4.
Issue 2, April 2015: · Revises specifications to reflect final audio
performance measurements. · Text clarifications.
Issue 1, January 2015: · Initial release.
Issue 5, January 2024 Page 4
Model 780-01/790 User Guide Studio Technologies, Inc.
Model 780-01 & Model 790
StudioComm for Surround
Introduction
What This User Guide Covers
This User Guide is designed to assist you when installing and using the Model
780-01 Central Controller and one or more associated Model 790 or Model 71
Control Consoles.
Overview
Creating and distributing eight channel (7.1) surround audio material has
become common for entertainment, cinema, and allied applications. As such, the
ability to simply and effectively monitor these sources is imperative during
the recording and post-production process. Studio Technologies has addressed
these needs with the StudioComm for Surround Model 780-01 Central Controller
and the Model 790 and Model 71 Control Consoles. With digital audio inputs,
digital monitor outputs, support for multiple user control surfaces, and an
extensive set of resources it’s a simple task to integrate a monitoring system
into virtually any facility. The carefully selected group of features,
including two surround (7.1) and one stereo input, configurable input-source
time delay, LFE low-pass filter, pre- and post-fader surround outputs,
configurable downmix and mute/ solo functions, and bass management, along with
a multi-format sync input, make the system powerful yet
simple to operate. And by using the best of contemporary technology, as well
as following rigorous design practices, the system’s audio quality is
excellent.
A StudioComm for Surround system starts with the Model 790 Control Console.
It’s the system’s “command center” and is designed to reside at a user’s
location, allowing fingertip selection of all monitoring functions. Numerous
LEDs provide complete status information. A 4-digit numeric display indicates
the level of the post-fader monitor output. A major strength of the Model 790
is its ability to configure, under software control, many important operating
parameters. Intended for secondary monitoring locations that don’t require all
of the Model 790’s features, the Model 71 Control Console is a compact user
control surface. It provides three of the most basic functions: a rotary level
control, dim on/off button, and reference level on/off button.
Most installations will use only one Model 790 Control Console. However, up to
three additional Model 790 or Model 71 Control Consoles can also be connected.
This provides multiple users with control over a facility’s monitor system.
And to make installation simple, the Model 780-01 provides power for all
connected Model 790 or Model 71 units.
The core of this StudioComm for Surround system is the Model 780-01 Central
Controller. The one-rack-
Figure 1. Model 780-01 Central Controller Front Panel
Figure 2. Model 780-01 Central Controller Back Panel
Control console status LED
Sync status LED
AC mains input
To / from Models 790 &
71 Control Consoles
Remote control inputs
Model 780-01/790 User Guide Studio Technologies, Inc.
Digital monitor outputs
Sync input
Stereo input
Digital surround (7.1) inputs A & B
Issue 5, January 2024 Page 5
Model 780-01 & Model 790
StudioComm for Surround
Channel mute/solo
Mute / solo mode
Input source select
Figure 3. Model 790 Control Console Front Panel
Downmix
Monitor output level display
Post-fader surround monitor output · Surround/stereo · Reference level · Mute
all · Dim · Rotary level control
space unit contains circuitry that supports balanced digital audio inputs,
balanced digital monitor outputs, digital audio and control processing, and
interfacing for the user control surface(s). The Model 780-01 provides two
surround (7.1) and one stereo digital audio inputs. These balanced digital
inputs are AES3-compliant; sources of this type are ubiquitous in many post-
production and audio facility environments. The inputs allow a sample rate of
44.1, 48, 88.2 or 96 kHz and a bit depth of up to 24 to be supported.
Circuitry associated with the stereo input provides sample rate conversion
(SRC) capability, allowing a wide range of digital audio sources to be
monitored. To compensate with processing delays (latency) associated with
associated video displays up to 340 milliseconds of input delay can be
selected. For flexibility, two delay values can be configured, allowing real-
time selection as desired. A number of different signals can serve as the
Model 780-01’s digital audio timing reference. For synchronization with a
master timing reference a dedicated source of word clock, DARS (AES11), bi-
level video, or tri-level video can be connected. Alternately, the L/R
connection of the actively selected surround or stereo input source can serve
as the timing reference.
Two surround (7.1) digital monitor outputs are provided. The pre-fader monitor
output can be used with metering systems that require signals that
aren’t impacted by level control or other monitoring functions. The post-fader
monitor output is intended for connection to the inputs on a monitor
loudspeaker system. Both the pre- and post-fader monitor outputs are
compatible with equipment that requires balanced AES3 digital audio signals
with an output impedance of 110 ohms and a signal level of 5 volts peak-to-
peak (Vpp).
A sophisticated bass management function is integral to the Model 780-01’s
design and can be enabled if desired. The overall goal of bass management is
very simple: ensure that the entire audio bandwidth of all channels can be
accurately monitored. Many loudspeaker systems have inherent low-frequency
limitations, preventing a true sonic “picture” of the source material from
being presented. To overcome this, the low-frequency energy from the seven
channels associated with the surround inputs and the two channels associated
with the stereo input can be separated and routed to the subwoofer (SUB)
channel of the post-fader monitor output. Several of the bass management
functions can be configured to match the requirements of specific
installations.
Great care was taken in designing the system’s architecture, ensuring that the
character of the audio input signals was preserved. All audio processing,
including bass management, is performed in 32-bit
Issue 5, January 2024 Page 6
Model 780-01/790 User Guide Studio Technologies, Inc.
Model 780-01 & Model 790
StudioComm for Surround
logic using a high-speed field-programmable gate array (FPGA) integrated
circuit. High-performance integrated circuits are used to perform input,
output, and clocking tasks.
The Model 780-01 occupies one space (1U) in a standard 19-inch rack. Digital
audio sources are interfaced with the Model 780-01 using one 25-pin female
D-subminiature (“D-sub”) connector and one 3-pin female XLR connector. A BNC
connector is used to interface with an external sync source. Pre- and post-
fader digital monitor output signal connections are made using a 25-pin female
D-sub connector. One 9-pin female D-sub connector is used to connect the Model
780-01 with a maximum of four Model 790 or Model 71 Control Consoles. A second
9-pin D-sub connector is used to interface with remote control signals. AC
mains power is connected directly to the Model 780-01, with an acceptable
range of 100 to 240 V, 50/60 Hz.
Additional Details
The Model 790 provides three buttons and associated LEDs for selection of the
source to be monitored. The choices are the two surround inputs and the stereo
input; only one source can be monitored at a time. It’s interesting to note
that while the surround inputs have an LFE channel associated with them, the
corresponding post-fader monitor output channel is designated as subwoofer
(SUB), rather than LFE. This terminology was selected to highlight the fact
that this output channel may include more than just LFE content. The bass
management function, if enabled, will redirect low-frequency energy from the
main channels, combine it with the contents from the LFE input channel, and
route the combination to the post-fader monitor output’s subwoofer (SUB)
channel.
An LFE low-pass filter function is provided as a means of checking the audio
content in the LFE channel of a selected surround input. The user can enable
and disable the function as required, helping to ensure that the proper
signals are being mixed to the LFE channel. Having the correct audio content
in the LFE channel can be critical as the LFE channel is typically band-
restricted during distribution.
The post-fader monitor output levels can be controlled by way of a large,
easy-to-use rotary control. The control, actually a digital encoder, allows
level selection
in precise 0.5-dB steps. The auto mute all function causes the post-fader
monitor output channels to automatically mute whenever the output level
control reaches maximum attenuation. Using the reference level function, the
post-fader monitor output levels can be set to a pre-configured value. This is
provided for audio-with-picture applications that require a specific monitor
output level. The reference level is easily configured by taking an electronic
“snapshot” of the desired monitor output level. For user confirmation, the
4-digit LED display will show the level of the post-fader monitor output
channels. To match the needs of a facility, the display can be configured to
show either the attenuation level or the sound pressure level (SPL).
The dim function allows the post-fader monitor output level to be reduced by a
fixed dB amount. The dim level is configured from among four available values.
A mute all function allows the post-fader monitor output channels to be
simultaneously muted. The input mute/ solo section allows an input channel to
be muted or monitored as desired. Multiple channels can also be simultaneously
selected for muting or “soloing.”
Two output mute functions are also provided. One button allows the seven main
channels of the post-fader monitor output to be muted. A second button allows
the subwoofer (SUB) channel of the post-fader monitor output to be muted. The
output mute functions, along with the input mute/solo function, allow a user
complete flexibility when checking an input source and its path to the
loudspeaker system. These mute and solo resources are crucial in a
multichannel environment, especially when signals are passing through the bass
management function.
Three downmix functions allow the selected input source to be checked for
compatibility with common audio channel formats. This can help ensure that
surround and stereo mixes correctly “fold down” into formats that utilize less
channels than the original. Errors can be quickly identified and then
corrected. The downmix functions, To 5.1 and To Stereo, apply only to the two
surround (7.1) sources. The To Mono downmix function applies to the surround
and stereo inputs. Several of the downmix parameters can be configured to best
meet the needs of an application. The downmix functions always impact the
post-fader monitor output. A configuration setting allows the
Model 780-01/790 User Guide Studio Technologies, Inc.
Issue 5, January 2024 Page 7
Model 780-01 & Model 790
StudioComm for Surround
pre-fader monitor output to be selected for pre- or post-downmix operation.
For flexibility, the StudioComm for Surround system is designed to easily
integrate with equipment such as production intercom systems, on-air or
recording tally signals, and audio consoles. Two remote-control inputs provide
access to the mute all and dim functions. By providing access to these
functions, talkback or slate activity from an audio console or other
communications system can control the level of the post-fader monitor outputs.
Two status outputs allow a Model 780-01 to control the remote-control inputs
on additional Model 78001 units. One status output goes “low” whenever the
Model 780-01 is in the mute all state. The other status output goes “low” when
the dim function is active.
Installation
In this section, you will be installing the Model 780-01 Central Controller in
an equipment rack. Connections to the surround and stereo audio inputs and
pre- and post-fader surround monitor outputs will be made. A dedicated digital
audio timing reference signal can be connected to the sync input. If desired,
external equipment will be interfaced to the remote control inputs. A location
will be selected for the first Model 790 Control Console and it will be
connected to the Model 780-01. AC mains power will be connected to the Model
780-01. For advanced applications up to three additional Model 790 or Model 71
Control Console units can be connected to the Model 780-01.
System Components
The main shipping carton contains one each of the following: Model 780-01
Central Controller, Model 790 Control Console, 9-pin D-subminiature
interconnecting cable (approximately 20 feet (6 meters) in length), and
instructions on how to obtain an electronic copy of this guide. Also included
in the shipping carton is a North-American-standard AC mains cord. Your dealer
or distributor should provide an AC mains cord appropriate for destinations
outside of North America. Any additional Model 790 or Model 71 Control
Consoles will be shipped in separate cartons.
Mounting the Model 780-01
The Model 780-01 Central Controller requires one space (1U) in a standard
19-inch (48.3 cm) equipment
Issue 5, January 2024 Page 8
rack. Secure the Model 780-01 into the equipment rack using two mounting
screws per side. Select a location that is convenient for making connections
to the audio signals as well as interfacing with the first (or only) Model 790
Control Console. A cable is supplied to connect the Model 780-01 to the Model
790. If the needs of a specific installation dictate, an alternate-length
interconnecting cable can be fabricated and used.
Audio Connections
Audio input connections are made by way of one 25-pin female D-subminiature
connector and one 3-pin female XLR connector. Audio monitor output connections
are made by way of one 25-pin female D-sub connector. The connectors are
located on the Model 780-01’s back panel. Refer to Figure 2 for a detailed
view of these connectors.
Audio Inputs
Two balanced digital surround (7.1) and one balanced digital stereo audio
source can be connected. Users will be able to monitor them, one at a time,
using the pre- and post-fader monitor outputs. A one-to-one relationship is
maintained between the input and output channels, i.e., left input to left
monitor output, right input to right monitor output, center input to center
monitor output, etc. (Of course this won’t be true in the case where the user
has enabled one of the three downmix functions.)
The audio inputs support digital audio signals with sample rates of up to
44.1, 48, 88.2, and 96 kHz and a depth (word length) of up to 24 bits. It’s
recommended that the connected signal sources maintain a common sample rate
and timing reference. Having all signals “locked” together helps to ensure
proper handling by the Model 780-01’s all-digital signal path.
There is, however, an exception worth noting. Circuitry associated with the
stereo input has sample rate conversion (SRC) capability, allowing virtually
any stereo digital audio signal to be connected. A signal connected to the
stereo input can have an independent sample rate and timing reference while
still being monitored correctly. Refer to the Technical Notes section for a
detailed review of the SRC capability.
The Model 780-01’s audio inputs are intended for connection with balanced
digital audio sources that are compatible with the AES3 standard. This type of
Model 780-01/790 User Guide Studio Technologies, Inc.
Model 780-01 & Model 790
StudioComm for Surround
signal has a nominal impedance of 110 ohms and a nominal signal level of 5
Vpp.
One 25-pin female D-sub connector (DB-25F) is used to interface with the 16
channels associated with surround input A and surround in-put B. Each of the
eight connections supports two audio channels. Often a wiring assembly
prepared for these digital audio inputs would be identical to that of a
TASCAM®-type (AES59-compliant) input assembly. A typical assembly of this type
will often have eight 3-pin female XLR connectors on one end and a 25-pin male
D-sub connector (DB-25M) on the other. Refer to Figure 4 or Appendix A for
details on connecting with the 25-pin female D-sub connector.
Note that unlike a TASCAM-type assembly, the two threaded fasteners associated
with the Model 780-01’s D-sub connector use 4-40 threads. This complies with
the original design standard for D-sub connectors.
On the Model 780-01 the stereo input uses a 3-pin female XLR connector for
interfacing with a digital audio source. The mating cable should have a 3-pin
male XLR connector wired such that the + signal goes to pin 2, the signal to
pin 3, and shield to pin 1.
Connections
Channel
Surround Input A L/R 1
Surround Input A C/LFE 2
Signal Signal High (+) Low ()
24
12
10
23
Shield 25 11
Surround Input A SL/SR 3
21
9
22
Surround Input A BL/BR 4
7
20
8
Surround Input B L/R
5
18
6
19
Surround Input B C/LFE 6
4
17
5
Surround Input B SL/SR 7
15
3
16
Surround Input B BL/BR 8
1
14
2
Notes: 1) All signals transformer-coupled digital audio; balanced AES3 (110
ohms, 5 Vpp) compatible.
2) Connector type on Model 780-01 is 25-pin female D-subminiature (DB-25F).
Installer must provide male (DB-25M). Connector uses 4-40 threaded inserts for
locking with mating plug.
3) Wiring scheme follows AES59-2012 convention. Standard TASCAM-type wiring
harnesses are directly compatible, with the possible exception of 4-40 screw
threads being required.
Figure 4. Connections for Surround A and Surround B Digital Inputs
Unbalanced AES3 digital audio signals can also be used with the Model 780-01’s
inputs if external coupling transformers (“baluns”) are utilized. These
impedance-matching (75 ohms to 110 ohms) and level step-up transformer
assemblies typically provide a BNC connector on their input and a 3-pin male
XLR connector on their output.
Monitor Outputs
The 25-pin female D-subminiature connector on the back panel labeled Digital
Monitor Outputs provides access to the Model 780-01’s pre- and post-fader
digital audio monitor outputs. The channels are organized as two 8-channel
surround (7.1) sources, one pre-fader (fixed level) and the other post-fader
(level adjustable by the user). The pre-fader monitor output channels are
intended for connection to metering or monitoring equipment that requires
uninterrupted full-level signals. The post-fader monitor output channels are
intended to be connected to a loudspeaker system that provides seven main
channels and one subwoofer channel.
The monitor outputs are transformer-balanced AES3 digital audio signals with a
source impedance of 110 ohms and a nominal signal level of 5 Vpp. Signals of
this type are normally interconnected to destination equipment using shielded
twisted-pair cable terminated with 3-pin male XLR connectors.
A cable assembly with a 25-pin male D-sub connector (DB-25M) on one end and
the desired connectors on the other end will be used for connecting to the
monitor outputs. The D-sub connector follows the TASCAM-type wiring
convention, organizing the 25 pins into eight groups of three pins each; one
pin remains unused. Each set of three pins provides an independent AES3
balanced signal. In the analog world this would allow eight audio channels to
be transported. But with AES3 digital audio signals this allows support for 16
audio channels; eight signals each supplying the pre- and post-fader monitor
outputs.
A wiring assembly prepared for the Model 780-01’s monitor outputs would
typically be identical to that of a TASCAM-type output assembly. An assembly
of this type would often have a 25-pin male D-sub connector (DB-25M) on one
end and eight 3-pin male XLR connectors on the other.
Model 780-01/790 User Guide Studio Technologies, Inc.
Issue 5, January 2024 Page 9
Model 780-01 & Model 790
StudioComm for Surround
Connections Pre-Fader L/R Pre-Fader C/SUB Pre-Fader SL/SR Pre-Fader BL/BR
Post-Fader L/R Post-Fader C/SUB Post-Fader SL/SR
Post-Fader BL/BR
Channel 1 2
Signal High (+)
24 10
3
21
4
7
5
18
6
4
7
15
8
1
Signal Low ()
12 23 9 20 6 17 3
14
Shield 25 11 22 8 19 5 16
2
Notes: 1) All signals transformer-coupled digital audio; balanced AES3 (110
ohms, 5 Vpp) compatible.
2) Connector type on Model 780-01 is 25-pin female D-subminiature (DB-25F).
Installer must provide male (DB-25M). Connector uses 4-40 threaded inserts for
locking with mating plug.
3) Wiring scheme follows AES59-2012 convention. Standard TASCAM-type wiring
harnesses are directly compatible, with the possible exception of 4-40 screw
threads being required.
Figure 5. Connections for Digital Monitor Outputs
For compatibility with AES3 balanced digital audio signals connect the D-sub’s
- connections as signal high and the connections as signal low. In most
applications a 3-pin male XLR connector will be used. In this case, the +
connections would go to pin 2 of each XLR, the connection to XLR pin 3, and
the shield connection to XLR pin 1. Refer to Figure 5 or Appendix A for the
connection details.
Pre-Fader Monitor Output
The pre-fader monitor output channels are intended to connect to metering, measurement, or other signal monitoring equipment that requires uninterrupted, full-level digital audio signal sources.
Post-Fader Monitor Output
The post-fader monitor output channels are designed for connection to digital inputs on audio amplifiers associated with monitor loudspeakers. Alternately, they can be connected to the inputs of loudspeakers that contain integrated amplifiers with digital audio input capability.
Sync Input The Model 780-01 requires a timing reference (sync) source so that the audio input and monitor output signals will be interpreted correctly. A configuration setting allows the source of sync to be selected. The
Issue 5, January 2024 Page 10
default setting uses the L/R input of the currently selected input source
which can be either of the surround inputs or the stereo input. While this is
acceptable, audio artifacts (clicks or noise) will typically occur when
switching between input sources. A better method is to connect a dedicated
timing reference signal to the Model 780-01’s sync input connector. The
connected sync source must maintain a stable relationship between itself and
the connected audio sources. The actual sync source can be in one of several
formats: word clock, DARS (AES11), bi-level video, or tri-level video.
An overview of the various compatible timing reference signals might prove
worthwhile. Word clock is a digital signal that is locked in phase and
frequency to the sample rate of the associated audio sources. DARS (digital
audio reference source) is a timing signal compliant with the AES11 standard.
It’s sometimes referred to as “AES3-black.” Technically it is similar to an
AES3 signal but is generated specifically as a timing reference signal. Bi-
level video sync signals were originally provided to support NTSC (United
States) and PAL (European) analog broadcast applications, although they
continue to be used by contemporary digital video equipment. Tri-level sync
signals were primarily associated with facilities that upgraded to support
high-definition (HD) video signals, however the need for this type of sync
signal seems to be waning. The Model 780-01 supports both bi-level and tri-
level signals at numerous rate combinations, allowing for compatibility with
various worldwide video formats.
With the wide range of allowable sync sources proper Model 780-01 operation
should be easy to obtain. Extensive testing has been done using many different
sync source types and rates. Interested users can refer to Appendix B for
details.
An external sync reference source should be connected to the sync input BNC
connector located on the Model 780-01’s back panel. For flexibility the Model
780-01’s sync input can be configured to be terminated with an impedance of 75
ohms or be high-impedance (“floating”) so as to not load the source. A sync
source that is dedicated for use by the Model 780-01’s sync input would
typically want to have the input termination enabled. If the sync signal
connected to the Model 780-01 is being connected (“multed”) to other inputs it
may be desirable that the termination
Model 780-01/790 User Guide Studio Technologies, Inc.
Model 780-01 & Model 790
StudioComm for Surround
be disabled. (A general “rule of thumb” is that termination should be applied
only at the location of the last physical device using a specific sync
signal.)
Remote Control Inputs
Support is provided for two remote control input functions: remote mute all
and remote dim. These functions only impact the post-fader monitor outputs.
The Model 780-01’s remote control inputs use logic circuitry, “pulled up” to
3.3 Vdc by way of resistors, which are active whenever they are brought to
their logic low state. Inputs of this type are commonly referred to as GPI
inputs. While the input circuitry is protected from over-current and static
discharge (ESD), care should be taken to prevent nasty signals from reaching
them. The inputs are active only when held in the low state; they can’t be
configured to change state (“latch”) in response to a logic pulse.
A 9-pin D-subminiature connector (DE-9F) is used for the remote control
inputs. Refer to Figure 6 or Appendix A for connection details. Note that pin
4 (remote common) connects to the Model 780-01’s internal circuit common
connection as well as to the Model 780-01’s chassis and mains earth
connections.
The same 9-pin D-sub connector is used to interface with the unit’s two status
outputs. Refer to Figure 6 or Appendix A for connection details. Both outputs
are 3.3 volts DC when their respective function is not active. They go to the
logic low state when their respective function is active. The status output
signals are intended to control the remote control inputs on other Model
780-01 units. Connecting them directly together will implement this function.
Signal Data Shield Remote Mute All Remote Dim Mute All Status Dim Status Remote Common
Pin
Direction
1
Shield
5
Input
6
Input
8
Output
9
Output
4
Common
Note: Connector type on Model 780-01 is 9-pin female D-subminiature (DE-9F). Connector uses 4-40 threaded inserts for locking with mating plug.
Connecting the Model 780-01 to the Model 790
A 9-pin female D-subminiature connector (DE-9F), labeled To/From Control
Consoles, is provided on the back panel of the Model 780-01 Central
Controller. This is used to interface the unit with Model 790 Control
Consoles. Refer to Figure 7 or Appendix A for details. A 9-pin female D-sub
connector (DE-9F) labeled To/From Central Controller, is provided on the back
panel of each Model 790 Control Console. A cable with 9-pin male D-sub (DE-9M)
connectors on each end is used to interconnect the Model 780-01 with the Model
790 units. A cable, approximately 20 feet (6 meters) in length, is included in
the shipping carton. The cable implements all nine connector pins in a one-to-
one manner.
Should an interconnecting cable of a different length be required there’s no
problem for one to be fabricated and used. While it can be wired in a one-to-
one fashion supporting all nine pins, only four connections are actually
required: pin 1 (data +), pin 6 (data ), pin 4 (DC +), and pin 9 (DC ). The
Model 780-01’s connector pin-out scheme was designed to allow creation of an
interconnecting cable which uses commonly available 2-pair audio cable. This
cable, consisting of two twisted pairs each with an individual shield, is
typically small in diameter, flexible, and available in many colors. One pair
and shield can be used for the data connection (pins 1 and 6) while the other
pair and shield can be used for the DC connections (pins 4 and 9). This
implementation has the advantages of providing a shield for the data path and
a more robust common (return path) connection (two conductors including the
shield) for the DC power circuit.
Signal
Pin
Data + (RS-485)
1
Data (RS-485)
6
Data Shield
2
DC + (12 V)
4
DC (12 V Return)
9
DC Power Shield
5
Direction To/From Models 790/71 To/From Models 790/71 To/From Models 790/71 To Models 790/71 To Models 790/71 To/From Models 790/71
Note: Connector type on Model 780-01 is 9-pin female D-subminiature (DE-9F). Connector uses 4-40 threaded inserts for locking with mating plug.
Figure 6. Connections for Remote Control Inputs and Status Outputs
Figure 7. Connections between Model 780-01 and Model 790 and Model 71
Model 780-01/790 User Guide Studio Technologies, Inc.
Issue 5, January 2024 Page 11
Model 780-01 & Model 790
StudioComm for Surround
A few simple calculations are required to determine the maximum cable length
when fabricating a cable to be used when connecting a Model 780-01 to a Model
790. The differential transmission scheme used by the system’s RS-485
interface makes an interconnection in excess of 1000 feet (>300 meters) easily
possible. The limiting factor is typically the ability of the wiring to pass
the DC power supplied by the Model 780-01 to a Model 790. The Model 780-01
supplies 12 Vdc, 500 milliamperes (mA) maximum.
The Model 790 requires a minimum of 9 Vdc, 100 mA maximum, for operation. (The
voltage must be measured directly at the Model 790’s 9-pin D-sub connector.)
So the maximum interconnecting cable length is directly related to the
resistive voltage losses associated with the two DC-carrying conductors
(supporting pins 4 and 9). As the Model 780-01 supplies 12 V and the Model 790
requires 9 V minimum, this leads to a 3 Vdc maximum drop due to the
interconnecting cable. Using Ohm’s law it’s quite easy to determine if a
desired cable length can be supported. Calculate the voltage drop by
multiplying the total resistance (in ohms) of the proposed cable by 0.1 (the
Model 790’s required current in amperes). Remember to include the resistance
in both conductors (DC + and DC ) when calculating the voltage drop. If the
voltage drop in the cable is 3 V or less it should function correctly. If it’s
greater than 3 V the cable is too long or the wire gauge is too small.
Additional Control Consoles
Some installations may benefit from the Model 780-01’s ability to be
controlled by additional control consoles. At least one Model 790 Control
Console must be connected to the Model 780-01 Central Controller. After this
requirement has been met a combination of up to three additional Model 790 or
Model 71 Control Consoles can also be connected to and powered by the Model
780-01.
When connecting multiple control consoles to a Model 780-01 all nine pins of
each interconnecting cable can be connected in parallel (“multed”). Using this
arrangement the data and 12 Vdc power signals between all the units will be
connected in parallel. A custom cable implementation requires just four pins
to be connected: pin 1 (data +), pin 6 (data ), pin 4 (DC +), and pin 9 (DC
).
To make installation simple, a “bus” cable assembly can be created using a short length of ribbon cable with one 9-pin male and multiple 9-pin female D-subminiature insulation-displacement connectors attached. Then standard 9-pin cables can link the control consoles with the connectors on the bus cable.
Refer to the previous paragraphs where the issues involving Model 780-01 to Model 790 cable length are discussed. Note the required current for a Model 790 is 100 mA while a Model 71 requires only 35 mA. It’s important to review this information prior to selecting or fabricating the interconnection cables that will be used when installing multiple Model 790 or Model 71 units.
AC Mains Power
The Model 780-01 operates directly from AC mains power over a range of 100 to 240 V, 50/60 Hz. Being a “universal input” device, there are no switches to set or jumpers to install to match a location’s mains voltage. The unit uses a 3-pin IEC 320 C14-type inlet connector to mate with a detachable mains cord. All units are supplied with a mains cord that has a North-American-standard plug (NEMA 5-15L) on one end and an IEC 320 C13 socket on the other. Units bound for other destinations will require that the appropriate cord be used. The wire colors in the mains cord must conform to the internationally recognized color code and should be terminated accordingly:
Connection Neutral (N) Line (L) Protective Earth (E)
Wire Color Light Blue Brown Green/Yellow
Safety Warning: The Model 780-01 does not contain an AC mains disconnect
switch; the AC mains cord plug serves as the disconnection device. Safety
considerations require that the plug and associated outlet be easily
accessible to allow rapid disconnection of AC mains power should it prove
necessary.
As soon as mains power is applied the Model 78001 will perform a power-up
sequence. The two LEDs on the right side of the front panel will momentarily
light in a test sequence. Then the two LEDs will flash in cadence while the
firmware loads into the Model 780-01’s main logic device. After a few seconds
initial
Issue 5, January 2024 Page 12
Model 780-01/790 User Guide Studio Technologies, Inc.
Model 780-01 & Model 790
StudioComm for Surround
system operation will commence and the two LEDs will perform their intended
functions. Once operating data is being interchanged with the one or more
connected Model 790 or Model 71 Control Consoles the control console status
LED will light. The sync status LED will light if a valid sync source has been
recognized. The sync status LED will flash if a valid sync source is not
recognized.
Also upon application of mains power, all connected Model 790 units will go
through a power-up sequence, lighting each of its LEDs in succession. Using
its 4-digit display, each Model 790 will then momentarily display its address,
its software version, and the main and logic device software versions of the
associated Model 780-01.
All connected Model 71 units will also go through a power-up sequence after
mains power is applied to the Model 780-01. Each of the Model 71’s three LEDs
will light momentarily. After these LEDs have lit, the device address will be
shown briefly using the dim and reference level LEDs, as shown in Figure 8 in
the Configuration section. When this is complete the Model 71 will begin
normal operation. Its status LED will light if communication is established
with the Model 780-01. If the Model 71’s status LED does not light check to
see if there is a device address conflict among all connected control consoles
and that all cables are implemented properly. Refer to the Configuration
section for details on selecting the device address.
Should an error be detected during the start-up process the two LEDs located
on the right side of the Model 780-01’s front panel will remain flashing in
cadence. On the Model 790 units a diagnostic code may be displayed. Refer to
the Technical Notes section for details.
Only after the Model 780-01 and all connected Model 790 and Model 71 units
have correctly powered up will full system operation begin.
Configuration
After the physical installation has been completed it’s important that the
system’s configuration options be carefully reviewed. In most cases one or
more of the operating parameters will be revised to meet the needs of the
specific installation. Many of the configuration parameters will impact the
signal flow in to
Model 780-01/790 User Guide Studio Technologies, Inc.
and out of the Model 780-01 Central Controller. Other parameters affect how the one or more Model 790 Control Consoles will display status conditions and respond to user commands. Most of the configuration choices will be made using a Model 790 Control Console. However, two configuration choices are available for any connected Model 71 Control Consoles.
Configurable Parameters
Many StudioComm functions can be configured to meet the exact needs of an
installation. A Model 790 Control Console is used to display and select the
desired system configuration. Here’s an overview of what can be configured:
· Model 790 Device Address (must be unique for each unit!)
· Stereo Input Sample Rate Converter
· Bass Management
· Sync Source
· Sync Input Termination
· Audio-Synced-to-Video Sample Rate
· Reference Level
· Overall Display Mode
· Reference Level in dB SPL
· Auto Reference Level Off
· Dim Level
· Remote Inputs
· LFE Downmix Level
· Pre-Fader Monitor Output Mode
· Input Delay Settings
· Post-Fader Monitor Output Channel Level Offsets
The configuration diagrams, located later in this section, give details on
setting each parameter. An overview of each configurable parameter is provided
in the following paragraphs.
Entering and Exiting the Configuration Mode
A small button is located on the back of each Model 790 Control Console,
adjacent to its 9-pin female D-subminiature connector. On any connected Model
790 unit pressing and holding its configure button for
Issue 5, January 2024 Page 13
Model 780-01 & Model 790
StudioComm for Surround
two seconds places both this specific unit and the Model 780-01 into their
configuration modes. Other connected Model 790 and Model 71 units will enter a
standby mode. When the Model 780-01 enters its configuration mode it will
immediately mute the pre- and post-fader monitor outputs, providing an
equipment and speaker protection measure. When a specific Model 790 has
entered the configuration mode its array of buttons and LEDs will no longer
perform their normal functions, instead being used to display the
configuration settings and reflect changes as they are being made.
As a user aid, a Model 790 that has entered the configuration mode will have
its mode mute and mode solo LEDs (associated with the input mute/solo section)
light in an alternating manner. Other connected Model 790 units will indicate
that they have entered the standby mode by simultaneously flashing their mode
mute and mode solo LEDs.
To leave the configuration mode and return the system to normal operation
requires a final action to be made. On the Model 790 unit that’s in its
configuration mode press and hold its configure button for two seconds. At
this time any configuration changes will be stored in nonvolatile memory and
normal operation, using the stored configuration settings, will resume.
Our apologies to those of you who find the configure button a pain to use, but
it’s supposed to be that way! Seriously, the top of the button is slightly
recessed from the back panel, making accidental activation unlikely. We didn’t
want normal operation to cease because someone pushed a Model 790 into a “rats
nest” of schedules, memos from management, and empty coffee cups! But a firm
press with the fleshy part of an index finger should do the trick.
There is no problem frequently “tweaking” the StudioComm system’s operating
parameters to achieve the desired performance. The configuration data is
stored in nonvolatile memory, which is rated for many thousands of read and
write cycles and a retention time in tens of years. Note that memory
integrated circuits are located in the Model 780-01 Central Controller as well
as the Model 790 and Model 71 Control Consoles. Only the individual device
addresses are stored in each Model 790 and Model 71. All other configuration
parameters are stored in the Model 780-01.
Model 790 Device Address
A unique device address must be assigned to each Model 790 Control Console
that is connected to a Model 780-01. The address choices are A1, A2, A3, or
A4, with the default address being A1. As most installations will utilize only
one Model 790 its default setting is appropriate. For installations that use
two, three, or four Model 790 units it’s important that each be configured
with a unique device address. Problems will occur if more than one unit has
the same address. It’s important to highlight the fact that the device address
is the only setting that must be done on each individual Model 790 unit. All
other settings can be made on any one of the connected Model 790 units. Be
sure that any selected address does not conflict with addresses that are, or
will be, assigned to Model 71 units.
Stereo Input Sample Rate Converter
Circuitry associated with the stereo input can provide sample rate conversion
(SRC) for digital audio signals connected to that input. The acceptable input
range for sample rate conversion is very wide, but is dependent upon the
output sample rate. With an output sample rate of 48 kHz any signal with a
sample rate over a range of 8 to 216 kHz can be properly monitored by the
system. This capability can be especially useful with signals that are not
synchronized with respect to the other signals that are connected to the Model
780-01, even if their sample rates are identical. The only compromise is that
the SRC process adds a fixed input-to-output (group) delay of approximately 1
millisecond, a value that shouldn’t impact most applications. By default SRC
is enabled and it’s recommended that it remains that way. However there might
be cases where this resource isn’t desired and it can be disabled.
Bass Management
The Model 780-01 incorporates flexible and sonically excellent bass management
capabilities. One configuration parameter is used to enable or disable bass
management while three others are used to select the characteristics of the
associated audio filters. While the settings are simple to make, great care
must be taken to first review the entire monitor system. Only after obtaining
a full understanding of the performance of the associated loudspeaker system
can a plan for the bass management functions be selected.
Issue 5, January 2024 Page 14
Model 780-01/790 User Guide Studio Technologies, Inc.
Model 780-01 & Model 790
StudioComm for Surround
The bass management function impacts only the post-fader monitor output and by
default is disabled. The crossover point of the seven main channels’ bass
management filters can be selected from among four choices: 40, 50, 60, or 80
Hz. The default value is 80 Hz. The slope of the low-pass and high-pass
filters associated with the seven main channels’ bass management filters can
be, as a group, selected. The choices are 12 dB-per-octave or 24 dB-per-octave
with the latter being the default value. Setting the slopes to different
values (asymmetrical filtering on the seven main channels) can be appropriate
for some loudspeaker systems.
Sync Source
The Model 780-01 requires that a designated external timing reference (sync)
signal be defined. Three of the choices–video, DARS, and word clock–are
associated with a signal that is connected to the sync input BNC connector.
The fourth choice allows the L/R input of the currently selected surround or
stereo input to also serve as the system’s sync source. This fourth choice is
the default value.
Sync Input Termination
The sync input circuitry can be configured to provide a 75 ohm termination
impedance to a connected source. When the sync input is not terminated the
input impedance is very high, essentially applying no load to the source. If
the sync source is connected only to the Model 780-01’s BNC input connector
then enabling termination is typically appropriate. However, if the sync
source is being “shared” by multiple inputs then care must be taken so that
the signal is only terminated by one device. By default sync termination is
enabled.
Audio-Synced-to-Video Sample Rate
If a video sync signal is connected to the sync input and video is selected as
the Model 780-01’s timing reference the sample rate of the connected digital
audio signals must be explicitly specified. In most cases the default value of
48 kHz will be appropriate. But alternately 44.1, 88.2, or 96 kHz can also be
selected. This setting enables the internal clock and timing circuitry to
correctly interpret the video sync signal’s relationship to the connected
audio sources.
Reference Level
For consistent monitoring of audio signals it’s often beneficial for users to
be able to easily set the post-fader monitor output level to a known value.
This is sometimes referred to as “mixing to 85 dB on the monitors,” but the
exact value will depend on the application. The StudioComm system allows a
precise post-fader monitor output level to be stored and then enabled by
pressing the Model 790 button labeled Reference Level. Setting the reference
level is very simple but care is required:
1. Set up a precision sound pressure level (SPL) measuring device at the
desired listening location.
2. Ensure that the StudioComm system is in its normal operating mode, not the
configuration mode. Be certain that the dim, mute all, reference level,
downmix, input mute/solo, and output mute functions are not active. The remote
mute all and remote dim functions must also not be active.
3. Use the Model 790 Control Console to select the input source that contains
the desired reference signal source, e.g., pink noise. This would typically be
one of the surround inputs rather than the stereo input.
4. Observing the SPL meter, adjust the Model 790’s rotary level control until
the desired loudspeaker system reference level has been reached.
5. Being careful not to disturb the position of the rotary level control,
enter the configuration mode by pressing and holding the configuration button
for two seconds. Once the configuration mode has been entered the pre- and
post-fader monitor outputs will mute.
6. Press and hold the reference level button; its associated LED will begin
to flash. After five seconds the LED will light steadily to indicate that a
“snapshot” of the new reference level has been taken. The Model 790’s numeric
display will then show the value of the new reference level. The value shown
will always be a negative number as it’s always a value less than the maximum
output level. The reference level button can now be released.
Model 780-01/790 User Guide Studio Technologies, Inc.
Issue 5, January 2024 Page 15
Model 780-01 & Model 790
StudioComm for Surround
7. To complete the process the configuration mode must be exited. This is
performed by again pressing and holding the configuration button for two
seconds. The new reference level is now stored in the Model 780-01’s
nonvolatile memory. Only by repeating the entire procedure can the value be
changed.
Once the configuration mode has been exited, the monitor outputs will again
become active. Confirm that the correct level has been stored by pressing the
reference level button. The SPL meter should display the desired level. If
not, repeat the calibration procedure to achieve the desired goal.
You might wonder why you have to press and hold the reference level button for
five seconds before the selected value is recognized. This is provided
specifically so that unauthorized users won’t accidentally change the
reference level while they experiment with the configuration mode. Only if you
know the “secret” will you be able to store a new value.
Overall Display Mode
The Model 790’s 4-digit numeric display can be configured to display the post-
fader monitor output level in either an attenuation mode or an SPL mode. In
the attenuation mode (the default), the output level is shown as a reduction
in level, in dB, relative to the maximum output level. When the rotary control
is used to set the output level to its maximum the display will show 0.0. As
the rotary control is turned in the counterclockwise direction the display
will show negative values, reaching 70.0 before the full mute function
automatically mutes the post-fader monitor outputs.
In the SPL mode the display can be configured to allow the output level to be
presented to users in terms of an actual sound pressure level (SPL). It is
used in conjunction with the reference level in dB SPL configuration and the
stored reference level. The SPL mode allows a user to see a visual
representation of the SPL level that is present in the listening environment.
While it takes a little more care to correctly implement the SPL display mode,
it can offer an enhanced experience for StudioComm users.
Reference Level in dB SPL
The reference level in dB SPL configuration allows a specific SPL value to be
associated with the stored reference level value. In this way, whenever the
post-fader monitor outputs are at their reference level, either through
activating the reference level function or manually adjusting the rotary level
control, the Model 790’s display will show the configured SPL level. Whenever
the post-fader monitor output is not at the reference value the display will
show the current value, in dB, relative to the reference level. The reference
level in dB SPL can be configured over a range of 70.0 to 100.0 dB in 1.0-dB
steps. In many applications using the default value of 85 would be
appropriate, reflecting the widely used audio-for-picture 85 dB monitoring
reference level. (Typically this 85 dB is really 85 dBC, indicating that a
C-weighting filter has been applied to the measurement.) Other common
reference SPL values, such as 82 dB and 87 dB, are well within the allowable
range.
Auto Reference Level Off When auto reference level off is enabled, the
function automatically turns the reference level function off if a change is
made to the rotary level control while the reference level function is active.
This is provided strictly as a user convenience that may, or may not, be
desired. The default configuration is for the auto reference level off
function to be disabled.
Dim Level
The dim function is used to reduce the post-fader monitor output levels by a
preset amount. The reduction is in dB relative to the post-fader monitor
outputs’ current level. There are four dim level values available: 10, 15, 20,
and 25 dB. The default value is 20 dB.
Remote Mute All
Two configuration choices are associated with the remote mute all function:
disabled and enabled. The default setting has the function enabled.
Remote Dim
Two configuration choices are associated with the remote dim function:
disabled and enabled. The default setting has the function enabled.
LFE Downmix Level
By default, when the To Stereo or the To Mono downmix functions are active the
LFE channel associated with the selected surround input is fully attenuated
(muted). This removes LFE content from the “downmixed” signal. In most
applications this is appropriate.
Issue 5, January 2024 Page 16
Model 780-01/790 User Guide Studio Technologies, Inc.
Model 780-01 & Model 790
StudioComm for Surround
However, for special situations a configuration mode allows the LFE channel to
be included. In this scenario, when the To Stereo downmix function is active,
LFE is reduced in level by 6 dB and routed to both the left (L) and right (R)
post-fader monitor outputs. When in this mode and the To Mono downmix function
is active the level of the LFE channel is reduced by 6 dB and routed to the
center (C) post-fader monitor output.
Pre-Fader Monitor Output Mode
The pre-fader monitor output can be configured as to its place in the Model
780-01’s signal flow. The choices are pre- or post-downmix. In the pre-downmix
mode the monitor output channels will not be impacted by the state of the
three downmix functions. This setting would be appropriate if the pre-fader
monitor outputs were being routed to a storage system, routed to another
facility, etc. In this case, the action of a user enabling or disabling the
downmix functions won’t impact the level of the pre-fader monitor output
channels. If the post-downmix mode is selected the pre-fader monitor outputs
will reflect the actions of the downmix functions. This choice would be
correct if, for example, level meters were connected to the pre-fader monitor
outputs. In this scenario, a user would want to visually observe the actions
that the downmix functions impart on the signals. By default the pre-fader
monitor outputs are configured to be pre-downmix.
Input Delay
A time delay can be added to the input signals, allowing compensation for
delays that may be present on associated video signals. The time delay applies
to all input sources and associated channels and cannot be applied
selectively. A configured delay time is referenced to a sample rate of 48 kHz.
In the case of input signals with a sample rate of 48 kHz the delay range is 0
to 340 milliseconds in 1-millisecond steps. For other sample rates the time
must be linearly scaled. For example, for a sample rate of 96 kHz the actual
time range is 0 to 170 milliseconds. In this case, selecting a delay of 120 on
the Model 790 will result in an actual time delay of 60 milliseconds.
For operating flexibility two different input delay values can be selected and
stored during the configuration process. These can then be enabled as required
by the user during normal system operation. The default value for both delay A
and delay B is 0 milliseconds.
Model 780-01/790 User Guide Studio Technologies, Inc.
Typical applications would require only one input delay to be configured. But
in other cases two different, both non-zero, input delay values can be
selected. This could be appropriate in applications where multiple video
display systems are being used in the same control room or monitoring
facility. Each video display may exhibit its own processing latency and audio
would need to be “lined up” accordingly. During normal StudioComm operation a
user can select the appropriate input delay for the display system currently
being utilized.
Post-Fader Monitor Output Level Offsets To provide assistance during room
calibration, the relative output levels of the post-fader monitor output
channels can be adjusted over a limited range. The eight channels can be
adjusted in 0.5-dB steps over a ±12-dB range. The default, of course, is 0 dB
for all channels. During configuration the displayed value represents the dB
level difference as compared to the nominal output level. In most cases one
channel should serve as the overall reference level and not be changed. This
is typically the center channel.
This feature is provided primarily for use when the post-fader monitor output
channels are connected to loudspeaker systems that don’t offer a means of
“trimming” the input sensitivity of individual channels. Without this
capability, minor adjustments to the output level of specific loudspeakers to
account for room acoustics wouldn’t be possible.
It’s also possible to use the StudioComm’s output level offset capability to
adjust the overall post-fader monitor output levels to allow matching to the
input sensitivity of loudspeaker systems. In this case, all of the output
channels would be configured to have the same output level offset setting. For
example, the eight channels could all be configured to have a 3.5 dB output
level offset. However, great care must be taken when configuring a system in
this manner. The dynamic range or noise floor of the audio signals will be
impacted and settings of greater than a few dB could lead to poor monitor
system performance.
Restore Factory Defaults
The restore factory defaults function is provided primarily for factory use.
In this way, a system can be quickly set so that its default settings are
selected. While you are welcome to use this function, be careful so that your
configuration efforts aren’t wasted.
Issue 5, January 2024 Page 17
Model 780-01 & Model 790
StudioComm for Surround
Specifically, be aware that the reference level is reset to minimum level. All
the other parameters are fairly easy to set up, but resetting the reference
level would require getting out an SPL meter and a calibrated signal source.
This is a hassle you may not need!
Model 71 Control Console Configuration
Two configuration choices are available on each Model 71. One is its device
address and the other is the button disable mode. A configure button is
located on the back of each Model 71 Control Console, adjacent to the 9-pin
female D-subminiature connector. Pressing and holding this button for two
seconds places this specific unit in its configuration mode; normal operation
of the Model 780-01 and other connected Model 71 and Model 790 units will
continue. When a Model 71 enters its configuration mode its three LEDs will no
longer perform their usual functions. Instead the status LED will blink to
indicate that configuration mode is active. Refer to Figure 8 for details.
Device Address
The dim and reference level LEDs will display the Model 71’s device address.
The rotary level control is used to select the desired device address; the
LEDs will respond accordingly. The device address must be selected so as not
to conflict with the device address of any other connected Model 71 or Model
790 Control Console. The choices are A1, A2, A3, and A4. All Model 71 units
have a default device address of A4; Model 790’s units have a default device
address of A1. This ensures that, in most cases, no change will have to be
made. Refer to Figure 9 for details.
Address Dim LED Reference Level LED
A1
OFF
OFF
A2
OFF
ON
A3
ON
OFF
A4
ON
ON
Figure 9. Model 71 Device Address Chart
Figure 8. Model 71 Control Console Front and Back Panels
Button Disable
To disable the Model 71’s two buttons, simultaneously press and hold both the
dim and reference buttons for two seconds. When the disable request has been
recognized the LEDs above both buttons will flash rapidly. Release the buttons
and they will no longer enable or disable their normal functions. To return
the buttons to normal operation simultaneously press and hold both buttons for
two seconds at which time the two LEDs will flash rapidly.
To leave the configuration mode and return a Model 71 to normal operation
requires one last action: again press and hold its configuration button for
two seconds. The selected configuration parameters will be stored in a
nonvolatile memory device that is located inside this specific Model 71.
Issue 5, January 2024 Page 18
Model 780-01/790 User Guide Studio Technologies, Inc.
Model 780-01 & Model 790
StudioComm for Surround
Configuration–Entering and Exiting Configuration Mode
F Press and hold the configuration button for 2 seconds to enter or exit the
configuration mode.
These LEDs will light alternately when configuration mode is active.
Model 780-01/790 User Guide Studio Technologies, Inc.
Issue 5, January 2024 Page 19
Model 780-01 & Model 790
StudioComm for Surround
Configuration–Model 790 Device Address and Stereo Input Sample Rate Converter
F Press and hold the Mute/Solo button to display and configure the Model 790’s
device address and stereo
input sample rate converter.
This LED displays the configuration of the stereo input sample rate converter (SRC). LED L not lit means SRC is disabled; LED L lit means SRC enabled. Use the button to change the configuration.
Use the Level control to change this specific Model 790’s device address.
Address can
be either A1, A2, A3, or A4. See Note below.
Default: Device address A1. Stereo input sample rate converter enabled.
Note:
The Model 790’s device address is the only parameter stored in the Model 790. All other parameters are stored in the Model 780-01.
Issue 5, January 2024 Page 20
Model 780-01/790 User Guide Studio Technologies, Inc.
Model 780-01 & Model 790
StudioComm for Surround
Configuration–Bass Management
Use these buttons to select bass management lowpass filter slope. LED Surround
A lit means 24 dBper-octave; LED Surround B lit means 12 dB-peroctave.
Use these buttons to select bass management highpass filter slope. LED To 5.1
lit means 24 dB-peroctave; LED To Stereo lit means 12 dBper-octave.
This LED displays the status of the bass management function. LED LFE lit means bass management enabled; LED LFE not lit means bass management disabled. Use the button to change the configuration.
F
Press and hold the
SUB button to display
and configure the bass management function.
Use the Level control to select the bass management crossover frequency. Choices are 40, 50, 60, or 80 Hz.
Default:
Bass management disabled.
Bass management low-pass filter slope 24 dB-per-octave. Bass management high-
pass filter slope 24 dB-per-octave. Bass management crossover frequency 80 Hz.
Model 780-01/790 User Guide Studio Technologies, Inc.
Issue 5, January 2024 Page 21
Model 780-01 & Model 790
StudioComm for Surround
Configuration–Sync Source, Sync Input Termination, and Audio-Synced-to-Video
Sample Rate
This LED displays the configuration of the sync input termination. LED L not lit means sync input is not terminated; LED L lit means terminated with 75 ohms. Use the button to change the configuration.
Use these buttons to select the sync source:
Video
DARS
Word Clock L/R of Currently
Selected Input
F
Press and hold the Mains button to display and select the sync source, sync
input termination, and audio-synced-tovideo-sample rate.
Use the level control to adjust the audio-synced-tovideo sample rate.
Available sample rates are 44.1, 48, 88.2, and 96 kHz.
Default:
Sync source is L/R of currently selected input. Sync input terminated. Audio- synced-to-video sample rate 48 kHz.
Issue 5, January 2024 Page 22
Model 780-01/790 User Guide Studio Technologies, Inc.
Model 780-01 & Model 790
StudioComm for Surround
Configuration–Reference Level
F Press and hold the Reference Level button for 5 seconds to take a “snapshot”
of the level control’s setting at the time configuration mode was entered. The
Reference Level LED will flash when the button is initially pressed and then
light steadily when the “snapshot” has been taken. See Note below.
Default: Note:
Reference level set for 60.0 dB post-fader monitor output level.
The 5-second button-press delay is a safety feature ensuring that the
reference level will not be accidentally changed. To permanently store the new
value, you must still exit the configuration mode.
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Issue 5, January 2024 Page 23
Model 780-01 & Model 790
StudioComm for Surround
Configuration–Overall Display Mode, Reference Level in dB SPL, and Auto
Reference Level Off
When the Mute All button is pressed, use the Channel Mute/Solo L and R buttons
to select the overall display mode. LED L lit means attenuation mode is
selected; LED R lit means SPL mode is selected. Use the buttons to change the
configuration.
When the Mute All button is pressed, use the Reference Level button to enable or disable auto reference level off. When the Reference Level LED is lit auto reference level off is enabled.
F Press and hold the Mute All button to display and set the overall display mode, the reference level in dB SPL, and auto reference level off.
When the Mute All button is pressed, use the Level control to adjust the reference level in dB SPL.
Default:
Attenuation display mode selected. 85.0 dB SPL reference level. Auto ref level off disabled.
Issue 5, January 2024 Page 24
Model 780-01/790 User Guide Studio Technologies, Inc.
Model 780-01 & Model 790
StudioComm for Surround
Configuration–Dim Level, Remote Mute All, and Remote Dim
This LED displays the configuration of remote mute all. LED L not lit means remote mute all is disabled; LED L lit means enabled. Use the button to change the configuration.
This LED displays the configuration of remote dim. LED C not lit means remote dim is disabled; LED C lit means enabled. Use the button to change the configuration.
Use these buttons to select
the dim level: 10 dB
15 dB 20 dB 25 dB
F Press and hold the Dim button to display and select the dim level, remote mute all, and remote dim.
Default:
20 dB dim level. Remote mute all enabled. Remote dim enabled.
Model 780-01/790 User Guide Studio Technologies, Inc.
Issue 5, January 2024 Page 25
Model 780-01 & Model 790
StudioComm for Surround
Configuration–LFE Downmix Level and Pre-Fader Monitor Output Mode
These LEDs display the configuration of the pre-fader monitor output mode. LED L lit means output channels are pre-downmix; LED R lit means output channels are post-downmix. Use the buttons to change the configuration.
Use this button to select the LFE downmix level when the To Stereo or To Mono downmix functions are active. LED LFE not lit means full attenuation; LED LFE lit means 6 dB.
F Press and hold the To Mono button to display and confirm the LFE downmix level and pre-fader monitor output mode.
Issue 5, January 2024 Page 26
Model 780-01/790 User Guide Studio Technologies, Inc.
Model 780-01 & Model 790
StudioComm for Surround
Configuration–Input Delay Settings
F
Press and hold the Stereo button to display and select input delay A.
F
Press and hold the To 5.1 button to display and select input delay B.
Default: Input delay 0 milliseconds for both A and B.
Use the level control to adjust the input delay. Range is from 0 to 340. The display shows delay in milliseconds at 48 kHz sampling rate. The value is scaled up or down for other sample rates.
Model 780-01/790 User Guide Studio Technologies, Inc.
Issue 5, January 2024 Page 27
Model 780-01 & Model 790
StudioComm for Surround
Configuration–Post-Fader Monitor Output Level Offsets
?
Press and hold
the R button to configure the surround R level offset.
C
Press and hold the C button to configure the surround C level offset.
F
Press and hold the LFE button to configure the SUB level offset.
F
Press and hold
the SL button to configure the surround SL level offset.
F
Press and hold
the SR button to configure the surround SR level offset.
F
Press and hold
the BL button to configure the surround BL level offset.
F
Press and hold the L button to configure the surround L level offset.
F
Press and hold the BR button to configure the surround BR level offset.
Default: 0.0 dB post-fader monitor output level offsets.
Use the level control to adjust the post-fader monitor output level offsets. The range is 12.0 to 12.0 in 0.5-dB steps.
Issue 5, January 2024 Page 28
Model 780-01/790 User Guide Studio Technologies, Inc.
Model 780-01 & Model 790
StudioComm for Surround
Configuration–Restore Factory Defaults
F Press and hold both the LFE Low-Pass and Dim buttons for 5 seconds to
restore Model 780-01 and Model 790 factory defaults. Once defaults have been
restored, the associated LEDs will light. After the buttons are released,
configuration mode will be exited and normal operation will resume. See Note
below.
Factory Defaults: Device address A1. Stereo input sample rate converter enabled. Bass management disabled. Bass management low-pass filter slope 24 dB-per-octave. Bass management high-pass filter slope 24 dB-per-octave. Bass management crossover frequency 80 Hz. Sync source is L/R of currently selected input. Sync input terminated. Audio-synced-to-video sample rate 48 kHz. Reference level set for 60.0 dB post-fader monitor output level.
Attenuation display mode selected. 85.0 dB SPL reference level. Auto reference
level off disabled. 20 dB dim level. Remote mute all enabled. Remote dim
enabled. LFE downmix level full attenuation when To Stereo or
To Mono downmix functions active. Pre-fader monitor outputs pre-downmix. Input
delay 0 milliseconds for both A and B. 0.0 dB post-fader monitor output level
offsets.
Warning: Each Model 790 unit must have a unique address. Restoring factory defaults will reset only this specific Model 790 to device address A1. If another connected unit is already configured for address A1, normal system operation will stop.
Note:
The 5-second button-press delay is a safety feature ensuring that the factory defaults will not be accidentally restored.
Model 780-01/790 User Guide Studio Technologies, Inc.
Issue 5, January 2024 Page 29
Model 780-01 & Model 790
StudioComm for Surround
Operation
Now that you’ve installed and configured the StudioComm system you’re ready to
go. You should find operation very easy. However, taking time to review and
understand this section may prove valuable.
Upon AC mains power up the system will return to the last operating condition,
including the selected source, downmix mode, etc. As a precaution, however,
the post-fader monitor output level will always return to the minimum value.
The rotary level control or the reference level button must then be used to
set the level of the post-fader monitor output to the desired level.
Model 780-01 Central Controller
The Model 780-01’s front panel contains two LEDs. The control console status
LED will light whenever the Model 780-01 is communicating with the one or more
connected Model 790 or Model 71 units. A flashing control console status LED
will indicate that the 12 Vdc output provided to support the connected control
consoles is in a short-circuit or over-current condition. The control console
status LED will not light when a Model 790 is in the configuration mode or
when the Model 790 is going through its power-up sequence.
The sync status LED will light whenever a valid timing reference signal is
being received by the Model 78001. A flashing sync status LED indicates that a
valid sync signal is not being received. The timing reference can be,
depending on how the system is configured, an externally supplied timing
(sync) reference or the L/R input of the selected input source.
Control Consoles
StudioComm for Surround operation is controlled using a combination of up to
four Model 790 or Model 71 Control Consoles that have been connected. Two
system functions can also be controlled by means of the remote control inputs.
Model 790 Control Console
To make things easy to describe, the Model 790’s operator functions are
divided into six main groups: input source selection, downmix, monitor output
general functions, input mute/solo, display and display mode, and remote
control inputs.
Any change made to any one Model 790 unit will be reflected in the LEDs and
displays on all the connected units. Note that all control consoles function
simultaneously–there is no priority of one unit over the others.
Input Source Selection
To select an input source press one of the three input source buttons. The
corresponding LED will light to indicate that the input has been selected.
Only one source can be selected for monitoring at any one time.
Downmix
Three downmix functions allow users to perform “real-world” audio format
compatibility checks. The To 5.1 function allows a 7.1 surround source to be
checked for compatibility with 5.1 surround playback systems. When the
function is active a 7.1 surround source is reproduced on the left (L), right
(R), center (C), surround left (SL), surround right (SR), and subwoofer (SUB)
monitor output channels. The To Stereo downmix function allows a 7.1 surround
source to be “folded down” (mixed) to stereo. The resulting signal is
reproduced on the left (L) and right (R) monitor output channels. The To Mono
function allows a 7.1 surround or stereo source to be converted to a single
monaural channel. The resulting signal is reproduced on the center (C) monitor
output channel.
Using the downmix functions simply requires pressing the desired button. The
buttons are set to always “latch” the functions on and off. An LED, located
adjacent to each button, will light whenever its respective function is
active. The downmix functions always impact the post-fader monitor output.
And, depending on the selected configuration, may also impact the pre-fader
monitor output. For details on the exact actions performed by the three
downmix functions refer to Appendix C.
Monitor Output General Functions
Four buttons and one rotary control are associated with the post-fader monitor
output. The buttons control operation of the reference level, mute all, dim,
and LFE low-pass filter functions. In addition the LFE lowpass filter button
can be used to enable the display of the current sample rate. The rotary level
control is used to manually set the post-fader monitor output level.
Issue 5, January 2024 Page 30
Model 780-01/790 User Guide Studio Technologies, Inc.
Model 780-01 & Model 790
StudioComm for Surround
Reference Level
The reference level button sets the post-fader monitor output level to a
preset value. Technical personnel, using a sound-pressure-level (SPL) meter
and precision signal source, should have set this level to meet the
requirements of the specific monitoring environment. The LED associated with
the reference level button will light whenever the function is active. The
4-digit display will indicate the reference output level. The StudioComm’s
default reference level is 60.0 dB so “out of the box” the Model 790 will
display 60.0 when reference level mode is enabled.
How the rotary level control functions whenever the reference level mode is
active depends on a configuration setting. If the auto reference level off
function is disabled turning the rotary level control will have no impact on
the reference level function; it will remain active. If the auto reference
level off function has been enabled turning the rotary level control will
cause the reference level function to automatically turn off.
The LED associated with the reference level button can also serve as a
calibration aid. If the reference level mode is not active, whenever the
monitor output level is selected to be the same as that stored for the
reference value the reference level LED will flash. This exact level can be
reached through the use of the rotary level control, either by itself or
through the setting of the rotary level control in conjunction with the dim
function. Whatever path the monitor output takes to reach the reference level
value, it will cause the reference level LED to flash!
Mute All
Pressing the mute all button causes the output channels associated with the
post-fader monitor output to mute. The 4-digit display indicates the mute
condition by showing four dashes ( ). The mute all button is always set
to “latch” the function on and off. The LED associated with the mute all
button will light whenever mute all is active. Note that if mute all is
enabled via the remote mute all function, the mute all LED will flash.
Dim
The dim function is provided for user convenience, allowing the post-fader
monitor output level to be reduced by a fixed amount. The Model 790’s
configuration mode allows the dim level to be selected from
Model 780-01/790 User Guide Studio Technologies, Inc.
among four choices: 10, 15, 20, or 25 dB. Pressing the dim button will enable
the function. The dim button is always set to “latch” the function on and off.
The 4-digit display, when selected for output level mode, will indicate the
revised post-fader monitor output level. When dim is active the post-fader
monitor output level reduction will apply no matter whether the level is being
set by the rotary level control or by the reference level button. The LED
associated with the dim button will light whenever dim is active. If dim mode
is enabled via the remote dim function the dim LED will flash.
It’s worth using a few sentences to discuss the auto dim off function.
Whenever dim is enabled due to the dim button being pressed, and the rotary
level control is active (reference level mode is not active), changing the
setting of the rotary level control will automatically turn off dim. The auto
dim off function is a unique attempt at protecting the aural health of users.
No longer will there be a heart-stopping blast of audio when the dim button is
pressed, supposedly to enable dim, but actually turning dim off because it was
already enabled. It’s hard to explain unless you’ve experienced this in
person–trust us, this situation can and does happen!
Note that the auto dim off function is not active whenever dim is enabled due
to the remote dim function being active. This allows remote control equipment,
such as a talkback system, to reliably dim the monitor outputs.
LFE Low-Pass Filter
The LFE low-pass filter function is provided to emulate the processing done by
some distribution formats to the signal present on an LFE channel. Unlike the
seven main surround channels, an LFE channel is typically bandwidth restricted
to save digital “bits.” It’s important that an audio mix maintains its
integrity when such LFE bandwidth restrictions are in place. When enabled the
LFE low-pass filter function applies a filter with a 6 dB cutoff frequency of
120 Hz and a slope of 48 dB-per-octave to the selected surround input source.
To enable the LFE low-pass filter function simply press the LFE low-pass
button. The associated LED will light when the filter is active in the LFE
audio path.
Philosophy dictates how the filter function should be used. The function can
be used as a final “double
Issue 5, January 2024 Page 31
Model 780-01 & Model 790
StudioComm for Surround
check” to ensure that material will maintain overall integrity when digitally
processed. Enabling the filter during a final listening session should find
the spectral content remaining constant. If the mix is impacted, content has
been incorrectly routed to the LFE channel! It’s also acceptable to leave the
filter enabled at all times. This will ensure that an audio mix will “hold up”
when processed. However, this may mask content remaining in the LFE channel
which, although it won’t be present after processing, may be confusing to
mastering engineers or other personnel who monitor the original source
material.
Displaying the Current Sample Rate
The LFE low-pass filter button is also used to display the system’s current
sample rate value. Pressing and holding the LFE low-pass button will cause the
current sample rate value to be shown on the 4-digit display. The possible
values displayed will be 44.1, 48.0, 88.2, or 96.0. This can be useful during
troubleshooting or just for general interest. Once the button is released
normal display operation will resume.
Rotary Level Control
The rotary level control is used to manually adjust the post-fader monitor
output level. The level control provides the ability to adjust the post-fader
monitor output level over a 70-dB range. Technically, the rotary level control
is a 24-step-per-revolution mechanical encoder. The amount of level change in
dB per step (per “click”) will depend on how quickly the control is turned.
When rotated slowly, each step represents a 0.5-dB change in level. In this
case, to traverse the entire level range would require rotating the control
more than five full turns. But the Model 790’s software detects when the
control is rotated more quickly and increases the amount of level change in dB
per step. A little experimentation will allow the user to acquire a good
“feel” for how best to use the control.
The reference level LED will flash when the rotary level control sets the
output level to be the same as the stored reference level. Whenever the rotary
level control attempts to set the output level to be less than 70.0 dB, the
post-fader monitor output channels will automatically mute. As previously
discussed, the 4-digit display indicates the mute condition by showing four
dashes ( ).
If the mute all function is active the rotary level control won’t have an
impact on the post-fader monitor output level. It’s also not active whenever
the reference level function is active, except if the auto reference level off
function has been enabled. If the dim function is active, turning the rotary
control will automatically disable the dim function.
Input Mute/Solo
The input mute/solo functions allow specific input channels to be selected for
individual or group mute or “solo” monitoring. The functions take place
electrically “after” the input source selection and input delay functions but
“before” the LFE low-pass filter, downmix, output level, and output mute
functions.
The input mute/solo mode and input mute/solo channel buttons, along with
associated LEDs, work together to provide excellent operating flexibility. The
input mute/solo mode button allows the user to select between the mute and
solo functions. Going from mute mode to solo mode, or vice-versa, clears all
active mutes or solos. Pressing the mode button twice is a legitimate means of
quickly clearing muted or soloed channels. To mute or solo a channel simply
requires pressing one of the eight input mute/solo buttons. The buttons
function in a press-to-enable/ press-to-disable “latching” mode. Multiple
channels can be muted or soloed at the same time. LEDs associated with a muted
or soloed channel will light to indicate that the function is active.
Output Mute
The two buttons associated with the output mute function provide a means of
directly muting the post-fader monitor output channels. These serve as an aid
in observing the performance of the loudspeaker system. The output mute
function organizes the monitor output channels into two groups: the main
channels (mains) and the subwoofer (SUB). The mains group consists of the
seven main output channels: left (L), right (R), center (C), surround left
(SL), surround right (SR), back left (BL), and back right (BR). The SUB group
consists of only the subwoofer (SUB) output channel. Two buttons and
associated LEDs are used to control the output mute function. Both buttons
function in a push-on/push-off manner.
It may be confusing at first to imagine why the output mute buttons are
important. The reason, like the input
Issue 5, January 2024 Page 32
Model 780-01/790 User Guide Studio Technologies, Inc.
Model 780-01 & Model 790
StudioComm for Surround
mute/solo function, is bass management. The input mute/solo function allows
observation of the channels associated with the surround and stereo inputs.
But soloing a single channel, such as the left input of surround A, may result
in audio content coming out of the system and being reproduced by both the
left (L) and subwoofer (SUB) loudspeakers. By maintaining the left channel in
the input solo mode, a user can activate the output mute function to
independently mute the left (L) and subwoofer (SUB) output channels as
desired.
Input Delay
Two input delay settings, A and B, can be selected and saved during system
configuration. These are provided for aligning the audio input signals with
latencies (delays) associated with video processing and display systems.
During normal operation a user can select to have either input delay A or
input delay B active. The input mute/solo mode button, the output mute SUB
button, and the 4-digit display are used to select and display the input
delay. When the mute/solo button is pressed and held the LED associated with
the output mute SUB button indicates whether input delay A or input delay B is
active. The LED will be lit when input delay B is active. The 4-digit display
will show the
active delay time in milliseconds referenced to a 48 kHz sample rate. The
delay time will “scale” depending on the actual sample rate at which the Model
780-01 is operating. While pressing and holding the mute/solo button the
output mute SUB button can be pressed to change the selected input delay.
Refer to Figure 10 for details. The selected input delay will be stored in
nonvolatile memory such that a power-down/ power-up cycle will not change the
active selection.
Display and Display Mode
The Model 790’s 4-digit LED display shows the post-fader monitor output level
as either the amount of attenuation or the sound pressure level (SPL). Both
will indicate level in dB. What the digits actually represent will depend upon
how the Model 790 has been configured.
Display in dB of Attenuation
If configured for the attenuation mode the display will show the monitor
output level as an attenuation value in reference to the maximum output. This
is in the form of 0.5-dB steps less than the maximum of 0.0 dB. So a display
of 40.5 would indicate that the post-fader monitor output is set to be 40.5
dB
F During normal operation, press and hold the Mute/Solo button to view and change the input delay setting.
This LED displays the current setting of the input delay. LED not lit means
input delay A is selected; LED lit means input delay B is selected. Press the
button to change the setting.
The display shows the currently selected input delay in milliseconds.
Figure 10. Selecting the input delay
Model 780-01/790 User Guide Studio Technologies, Inc.
Issue 5, January 2024 Page 33
Model 780-01 & Model 790
StudioComm for Surround
below the maximum level. As the rotary level control is moved counterclockwise
the output level will go down and the indicated value will get more negative.
Display in dB SPL
If the Model 790 is configured to display the monitor output level in dB SPL,
the 4-digit display will always show the output level in positive numbers.
These numbers are intended to represent the sound pressure level in dB SPL, a
figure that should directly relate to the actual sound pressure level that the
loudspeaker system is presenting to users. (Typically, the level value would
actually be in dBC, the C-weighted sound pressure level.) When the reference
level button is enabled, or the rotary level control is set so that the
reference level has been reached, the display will typically show something in
the range of 82 to 87 dB. Assuming that the monitoring environment has been
correctly calibrated, this would indicate that an average listening level of
85 dB, for example, had been achieved.
Remote Control Inputs
As previously discussed in the Installation section, two remote control
signals can be connected to the Model 780-01. The functions are remote mute
all and remote dim. When an external signal activates remote mute all the LED
on the Model 790 associated with the mute all button will flash. If mute all
was already active when the remote mute all function is activated, the LED
will change from being steadily lit to flashing.
When an external signal activates remote dim the LED on the Model 790
associated with the dim button will flash. If dim was already active when
remote dim is activated, the LED will change from being steadily lit to
flashing.
Model 71 Control Console
The Model 71 Control Console provides a rotary level control, two pushbutton
switches, and three LEDs for control and status display. The rotary level
control allows adjustment of the post-fader monitor output level. Two buttons,
along with associated LEDs, provide access to the dim and reference level
functions. A status LED lights steadily whenever normal Model 71 operation is
taking place.
Any changes made using the Model 71’s rotary level control and buttons will be
reflected in the appropriate LEDs and displays on all the connected Model 790
and Model 71 units. And, as expected, changes made using a Model 790 will be
reflected in the Model 71’s LEDs.
In some applications it may be desirable to disable operation of a Model 71’s
dim and reference buttons. An example could be where non-technical personnel
are allowed only to use the rotary level control. A configuration parameter,
previously described in the Model 71 Control Console Configuration section,
allows button operation to be disabled.
Rotary Level Control
The rotary level control is used to manually adjust the post-fader monitor
output level. Its operating characteristics are identical to the rotary
control in the Model 790 Control Console, discussed earlier in this section.
Dim
The dim function allows the post-fader monitor output level to be reduced by a
fixed amount. Its operating characteristics are identical to those of the
Model 790 Control Console, discussed earlier in this section.
An indication is provided should the dim button be pressed when button
operation has been disabled. Its associated LED will flash briefly but no
operating change will occur. The LED will continue to display the status of
the dim function as selected by other Model 790 and Model 71 units.
Reference Level
The reference level button sets the post-fader monitor output level to the
preset value. The operating characteristics are identical to those of the
Model 790 Control Console, discussed earlier in this section.
An indication is provided should the reference button be pressed when button
operation has been disabled. The associated LED will flash briefly but no
operating change will occur. The LED will continue to display the status of
the reference level function as selected by other Model 790 and Model 71
units.
Issue 5, January 2024 Page 34
Model 780-01/790 User Guide Studio Technologies, Inc.
Model 780-01 & Model 790
StudioComm for Surround
Technical Notes
Loss of Sync
The Model 780-01 relies on an external timing reference (sync) source for
proper operation. This can be in the form of an AES3, word clock, DARS
(AES11), bi-level video, or tri-level video reference signal. In many cases,
the sync signal will be connected to the sync input BNC connector located on
the Model 780-01’s back panel. Alternately, a configuration choice allows the
L/R input of the currently selected input source to also serve as the system’s
timing reference. Whenever a valid sync signal has been connected to the Model
780-01 the sync status LED, located on the unit’s front panel, will light. The
sample rate of the monitor output channels will reflect the rate of the sync
input and, if a video sync source is utilized, the configured rate.
If a valid sync signal is not present several visual indications are provided.
On the Model 780-01 the sync status LED will flash. On all connected Model 790
Control Consoles the 4-digit LED display will cease normal operation, instead
alternating between the words no and sync. When a valid sync signal is again
connected the Model 780-01’s sync status LED will light steadily. On the Model
790 units the word sync will momentarily be displayed followed by a brief
display of the active sample rate. The sample rate will display as 44.1, 48.0,
88.2, or 96.0, reflecting the impact of the sync source rate and the Model
780-01’s configuration.
If during normal operation the sync source changes from one valid rate to
another a visual indication is provided. On the Model 790 units the new sample
rate–44.1, 48.0, 88.2, or 96.0–will momentarily be displayed.
Any time that a valid sync signal is not connected to the Model 780-01 the
monitor outputs will automatically revert to an internally generated sample
rate of 48 kHz with no digital audio content present. This audio “black”
signal will allow most connected equipment to continue to function correctly
with, of course, no meaningful audio signal present. As soon as a valid sync
signal is again connected to the Model 780-01 the monitor outputs will
automatically switch to their correct sample rate and audio signals will again
be present.
Power Down
Care was taken in the Model 780-01’s design to minimize the chance that
objectionable clicks, pops, or other obnoxious audio signals will be present
on the monitor outputs. A power-down circuit supplies the main microcontroller
integrated circuit with an indication that a power loss is imminent. When this
condition is detected the monitor outputs will switch to silence (digital
audio “black”) in preparation for a complete loss of signal.
Power-Up Messages
Upon mains power being applied to the Model 78001 all connected Model 790
units will go through a power-up sequence. The sequence starts by each of the
individual LEDs lighting in a “walk-through” sequence. Then the 4-digit
display tests all its LED segments. Finally, a set of messages provide details
on the specific Model 790 and connected Model 780-01 software versions:
1. Displays 790
2. Displays Model 790’s software version
3. Displays Model 790’s unit address (A1, A2, A3, or A4)
4. Displays 780
5. Displays Model 780-01’s main software version
6. Displays FPgA
7. Displays Model 780-01’s logic device (FPGA) software version
After a successful system power-up sequence normal operation will then
commence.
Error Codes
Should a problem be encountered during power up one of four error codes may
show on the Model 790’s 4-digit display.
Error Code Err1 Err1 indicates that communication is not taking place between
the Model 790 and the Model 780-01. The most likely cause would be incorrect
wiring of the data pair linking the two units.
Model 780-01/790 User Guide Studio Technologies, Inc.
Issue 5, January 2024 Page 35
Model 780-01 & Model 790
StudioComm for Surround
Error Code Err2
Err2 indicates that the Model 780-01 is having problems with its internal
logic device. (A high-speed field-programmable gate array (FPGA) serves as the
digital “heart” of the Model 780-01 and without it no audio activity can
occur.) The only way to remedy this condition is to first try removing and
reconnecting mains power. (And that’s a long-shot as to whether it would
accomplish anything.) If Err2 continues to be displayed the Model 780-01 must
be returned to the factory for service.
Error Code Err3
If a digital audio source with a sample rate of other than 44.1, 48, 88.2, or
96 kHz is connected Err3 will display and the mute all function will be
automatically enabled. In this scenario, selecting a different source that has
a sample rate of 44.1, 48, 88.2, or 96 kHz will return the system to normal
operation.
Error Code Err4
Err4 will display if communications with a central controller has been
established but that specific central controller is not compatible with the
Model 790. For example, Err4 will display if a Model 790 has been connected
with a Model 760-Series central controller.
Sample Rate Conversion (SRC)
Circuitry associated with the stereo input can provide sample rate conversion
(SRC) capability. A digital audio signal connected to that input can have its
sample rate and timing re-synchronized to match the Model 780-01’s internal
timing. While it would be nice to proclaim that the engineers at Studio
Technologies came up with a unique and exotic circuit to perform this function
it’s really not the case. Several semiconductor companies provide “single-
chip” SRC solutions and an excellent one from AKM was selected for the Model
780-01. The technical capabilities of the Model 780-01’s SRC function is
stated in this way: the sample rate of an input signal can range from 1/6 to
six times the Model 780-01’s output sample rate, with the additional
restriction that it must be no less than 8 kHz and no more than 216 kHz. The
Model 780-01’s monitor output sample rate is determined by the selected timing
reference (sync) signal and, if required, a configured value. If a word clock,
DARS (AES11), or AES3 signal is the designated sync source its rate will be
the Model 780-01’s output sample rate. If a video
sync signal is connected, the Model 780-01’s sample rate is selected as part
of the configuration process.
So in practice what can the SRC function accomplish? If the monitor output
sample rate is 48 kHz a signal connected to the stereo input can have a sample
rate from 8 to 216 kHz. Or, as another example, if the Model 780-01’s monitor
output sample rate is 96 kHz a signal connected to the stereo input can have
its sample rate range from 16 to 216 kHz.
As useful as allowing one sample rate to be converted to another, it may be
the ability of the Model 780-01’s SRC function to re-synchronize a signal that
proves most valuable. For example, in typical post-production and broadcast
applications all signals will have a sample rate of 48 kHz. A Model 780-01 and
all of its normally connected input signals will be “locked” to a main timing
reference signal that supports the 48 kHz sampling rate. But, as an example, a
signal associated with a portable device, while at a 48 kHz sampling rate, may
not be synchronized (“genlocked”) to the “house” reference. Connecting this
signal to the stereo input will cause the SRC function to “lock” it to the
Model 780-01’s rate, thus allowing it to be monitored over a loudspeaker
system.
Model 780-01 to Control Console Connections
Figure 7 gives a detailed description of the signals that connect the Model
780-01 Central Controller to the one or more Model 790 or Model 71 Control
Consoles. The Model 780-01 provides 12 Vdc for use by the control console’s
circuitry. The DC output is current-limited to 100 mA to minimize the chance
that a short-circuit condition will damage the Model 780-01’s circuitry. An
asynchronous, bi-directional data interface links the connected units. The
RS-485 hardware connection scheme operates at a rate of 115.2 kbit/s and uses
an 8-N-1 data format. The Model 780-01 communicates with each Model 790 and
Model 71 unit 20 times per second, receiving button and rotary level control
information and sending LED and 4-digit display status data.
“Hot” Disconnection of Control Consoles
There’s no problem relocating one or more Model 790 or Model 71 Control
Consoles while the StudioComm system is operating. You can disconnect the
9-pin
Issue 5, January 2024 Page 36
Model 780-01/790 User Guide Studio Technologies, Inc.
Model 780-01 & Model 790
StudioComm for Surround
interconnecting cable, move the unit (or units), and then reconnect without
issue. Upon disconnection of all control consoles the Model 780-01 Central
Controller will mute the internal digital audio channels as well as saving the
current operating parameters. No clicks, pops, or other noises will occur when
the Model 790 or Model 71 units are again connected. The control consoles will
go through their standard power-up sequence and then normal operation will
resume.
Channel Status, User, and Validity Bits
The non-audio bits that are part of the AES3 digital audio monitor output
channel data are actively controlled by the Model 780-01’s software. The
Channel Status bits use the Professional Use of Channel Status block. They
indicate a word length of 24 and the current sample rate. The correct CRC is
also calculated and inserted. The User bits are always set to 0. When a valid
timing reference (sync) source is recognized by the system the Validity bits
will be set to 1.
The Model 780-01’s hardware is capable of routing the C/U/V bit information
from any of the L/R inputs, as well as the sync input, to the main logic
device (FPGA) and then on to the digital audio transmitter (DIT) integrated
circuits. This is provided for future use and is not active at this time.
Model 780-01/790 User Guide Studio Technologies, Inc.
Issue 5, January 2024 Page 37
Model 780-01 & Model 790
StudioComm for Surround
Specifications
Model 780-01 Central Controller
General Audio: Supported Sample Rates: 44.1, 48, 88.2, and 96 kHz Word Length:
24 bits maximum Internal Processing: 32 bits Input-to-Output Latency: two
samples (e.g., 0.042 milliseconds @ 48 kHz sample rate)
Digital Audio Inputs: 3 (18 audio channels total) Configuration: two surround
(7.1) and one stereo Type: balanced AES3 (110 ohms, 5 Vpp) Connector–Surround
Inputs: 25-pin female D-subminiature (DB-25F), AES59-2012-compliant
Connector–Stereo Input: 3-pin female XLR
Sample Rate Conversion (SRC): Application: available on the stereo input Input
Sample Rate Range: 8 to 216 kHz, limited to 1/6 to 6 times the output sample
rate Latency: 1 millisecond, nominal
LFE Input Channel Low-Pass Filter: 6 dB @ 120 Hz, 48 dB-per-octave, on/off
selectable Sync Source: configured to follow L/R of currently selected input
or signal connected to sync input
Sync Input: Compatible Sources: word clock, DARS (AES11), bi-level video, tri-
level video Jitter: 4 ns pp maximum Connector: BNC (per IEC 60169-8 Amendment
2) Termination: 75 ohms, selectable on/off
Digital Monitor Outputs: 2 (16 channels total) Configuration: organized as two
surround (7.1), one pre-fader, and one post-fader Dynamic Range: >135 dB Type:
balanced AES3 (110 ohms, 5 Vpp) Connector: 25-pin female D-subminiature (DB-
25F), AES59-2012-compliant
Configurable Input Delay: 0 to 340 milliseconds @ 48 kHz sample rate (scales
up or down depending on actual sample rate)
Post-Fader Monitor Output Level Offsets: each channel independently adjustable
in 0.5-dB steps over a ±12-dB range
Bass Management: Crossover Frequency and Type: 6 dB @ 40, 50, 60, or 80 Hz,
symmetrical for low-pass and high-pass filters, maximally flat Filter Slope:
12 dB-per-octave or 24 dB-per-octave Overall Operation: on/off selectable
Downmix Functions: To 5.1, To Stereo, and To Mono
Control Console Interface: Type: RS-485, 115.2 kbit/s, 8-1-N Polling Interval:
80 milliseconds, nominal Power: 12 Vdc, 500 mA maximum Connector: 9-pin female
D-subminiature (DE-9F)
Remote Control Inputs: 2 Functions: remote mute all, remote dim Type: 3.3 Vdc
logic, activates on closure to system common Connector: 9-pin female
D-subminiature (DE-9F)
Status Outputs: 2 Functions: mute all, dim status Type: 3.3 Vdc logic, low
when function active Connector: 9-pin female D-subminiature (DE-9F)
AC Mains: Requirement: 100 to 240 V, +10/15%, 50/60 Hz, 15 W maximum
Connector: 3-blade, IEC 320 C14-compatible (mates with IEC 320 C13)
Dimensions: 19.00 inches wide (48.3 cm) 1.72 inches high (4.4 cm) 7.00 inches
deep (17.8 cm)
Mounting: one space (1U) in a standard 19-inch rack
Weight: 3.6 pounds (1.6 kg)
Issue 5, January 2024 Page 38
Model 780-01/790 User Guide Studio Technologies, Inc.
Model 780-01 & Model 790
StudioComm for Surround
Model 790 Control Console
Application: up to four Model 790 Control Consoles can be connected to a Model
780-01 Central Controller
Power: 12 Vdc nominal (9 Vdc minimum), maximum current 100 mA, provided by
Model 780-01 Central Controller
Control Data: Type: RS-485 Data Rate/Format: 115.2 kbit/s, 8-N-1 Connector:
9-pin female D-subminiature (DE-9F)
Dimensions (Overall): 7.20 inches wide (18.3 cm) 2.20 inches high (5.6 cm)
5.40 inches deep (13.7 cm)
Weight: 1.7 pounds (0.8 kg)
Model 71 Control Console
Application: up to three Model 71 Control Consoles can be connected to a Model
780-01 Central Controller
Power: 12 Vdc nominal (9 Vdc minimum), maximum current 35 mA, provided by
Model 780-01 Central Controller
Control Data: Type: RS-485 Data Rate/Format: 115.2 kbit/s, 8-N-1 Connector:
9-pin female D-subminiature (DE-9F)
Dimensions (Overall): 3.20 inches wide (8.1 cm) 2.20 inches high (5.6 cm) 4.10
inches deep (10.4 cm)
Weight: 0.8 pounds (0.4 kg)
Specifications and information contained in this User Guide subject to change without notice.
Model 780-01/790 User Guide Studio Technologies, Inc.
Issue 5, January 2024 Page 39
Model 780-01 & Model 790
StudioComm for Surround
Appendix A–Connection Pin-Out Charts
Connections
Signal Signal Channel High (+) Low () Shield
Surround Input A L/R 1
24
12
25
Surround Input A C/LFE 2
10
23
11
Surround Input A SL/SR 3
21
9
22
Surround Input A BL/BR 4
7
20
8
Surround Input B L/R
5
18
6
19
Surround Input B C/LFE 6
4
17
5
Surround Input B SL/SR 7
15
3
16
Surround Input B BL/BR 8
1
14
2
Notes: 1) All signals transformer-coupled digital audio; balanced AES3 (110
ohms, 5 Vpp) compatible.
2) Connector type on Model 780-01 is 25-pin female D-subminiature (DB-25F).
Installer must provide male (DB-25M). Connector uses 4-40 threaded inserts for
locking with mating plug.
3) Wiring scheme follows AES59-2012 convention. Standard TASCAM-type wiring
harnesses are directly compatible, with the possible exception of 4-40 screw
threads being required.
Connections for Surround A and Surround B Digital Inputs
Connections Pre-Fader L/R Pre-Fader C/SUB Pre-Fader SL/SR Pre-Fader BL/BR
Post-Fader L/R Post-Fader C/SUB Post-Fader SL/SR
Post-Fader BL/BR
Channel 1 2
Signal High (+)
24 10
3
21
4
7
5
18
6
4
7
15
8
1
Signal Low ()
12 23 9 20 6 17 3
14
Shield 25 11 22 8 19 5 16
2
Notes: 1) All signals transformer-coupled digital audio; balanced AES3 (110
ohms, 5 Vpp) compatible.
2) Connector type on Model 780-01 is 25-pin female D-subminiature (DB-25F).
Installer must provide male (DB-25M). Connector uses 4-40 threaded inserts for
locking with mating plug.
3) Wiring scheme follows AES59-2012 convention. Standard TASCAM-type wiring
harnesses are directly compatible, with the possible exception of 4-40 screw
threads being required.
Connections for Digital Monitor Outputs
Signal
Pin
Data Shield
1
Remote Mute All
5
Remote Dim
6
Mute All Status
8
Dim Status
9
Remote Input Common
4
Direction Shield Input Input Output Output Common
Note: Connector type on Model 780-01 is 9-pin female D-subminiature (DE-9F). Connector uses 4-40 threaded inserts for locking with mating plug.
Connections for Remote Control Inputs and Status Outputs
Signal
Pin
Data + (RS-485)
1
Data (RS-485)
6
Data Shield
2
DC + (12 V)
4
DC (12 V Return)
9
DC Power Shield
5
Direction To/From Models 790/71 To/From Models 790/71 To/From Models 790/71 To Models 790/71 To Models 790/71 To/From Models 790/71
Note: Connector type on Model 780-01 is 9-pin female D-subminiature (DE-9F). Connector uses 4-40 threaded inserts for locking with mating plug.
Connections between Model 780-01 and Model 790 and Model 71
Issue 5, January 2024 Page 40
Model 780-01/790 User Guide Studio Technologies, Inc.
Model 780-01 & Model 790
StudioComm for Surround
Appendix B–Sync Input Sources
The Model 780-01’s sync input has been tested and confirmed for correct
operation with the following sync signals: Word Clock: Square wave signal with
rate of 44.1, 48, 88.2, or 96 kHz. DARS (AES11) or AES3: Signal with sample
rate of 44.1, 48, 88.2, or 96 kHz. Bi-Level and Tri-Level Video: See table
below.
Video Format NTSC (“Black Burst”) PAL (“Black Burst”) 525i/59.94 Hz 525p/59.94 Hz 625i/50 Hz 625p/50 Hz 720p/23.98 Hz 720p/24 Hz 720p/25 Hz 720p/29.97 Hz 720p/30 Hz 720p/50 Hz 720p/59.94 Hz 720p/60 Hz
Video Format, continued 1035i/59.98 Hz 1035i/60 Hz 1080i/50 Hz 1080i/59.94 Hz 1080i/60 Hz 1080p/23.98 Hz 1080p/24 Hz 1080p/25 Hz 1080p/29.97 Hz 1080p/30 Hz 1080psf/24 Hz 1080psf/23.98 Hz
Model 780-01/790 User Guide Studio Technologies, Inc.
Issue 5, January 2024 Page 41
Model 780-01 & Model 790
StudioComm for Surround
Appendix C–Downmix Formulas
The following provides a summary of the action performed when the downmix
modes are active. Signals at unity gain unless noted. 0.707 = 3 dB; 0.5 = 6
dB; 0 = full attenuation.
To 5.1 SL = SL + BL SR = SR + BR BL and BR mute
To Stereo L = L + 0.707C + 0.707SL + 0.707BL + (0 or 0.5)LFE R = R + 0.707C +
0.707SR + 0.707BR + (0 or 0.5)LFE C, LFE, SL, SR, BL, and BR mute
To Mono For Surround Input A, Surround Input B
C = .707L + .707R + C + 0.5SL + 0.5SR + 0.5BL + 0.5BR + (0 or 0.5)LFE L, R,
LFE, SL, SR, BL, and BR mute For Stereo Input C = 0.707L + 0.707R L and R mute
(LFE, SL, SR, BL, and BR already muted)
Issue 5, January 2024 Page 42
Model 780-01/790 User Guide Studio Technologies, Inc.
References
Read User Manual Online (PDF format)
Read User Manual Online (PDF format) >>