Studio Technologies 5422A Dante Intercom Audio Engine User Guide
- June 1, 2024
- Studio Technologies
Table of Contents
5422A Dante Intercom Audio Engine
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Specifications:
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Model: 5422A
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Power Options: 100-240 V, 50/60 Hz mains or 12 volts DC
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Enclosure: Lightweight, fits in one space (1U) of a standard
19-inch rack -
Main Firmware: 3.00 and later
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FPGA Firmware: 3.00 and later
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STcontroller: 3.10.00 and later
Product Usage Instructions:
1. Applications:
The Model 5422A is designed for pro audio quality and features
an Auto Mix function for enhanced audio intelligibility in
party-line (PL) intercom applications.
2. Group Configuration:
The Model 5422A allows for segmenting a 32-channel audio engine
into multiple groups for efficient use of Dante channels. Users can
define the maximum number of participants on any party-line.
Group Size:
The default setting includes four 8-channel groups for Model
5422A-01 and eight 8-channel groups for Model 5422A-02. Refer to
the specifications for available group sizes.
Group Labels:
Each group can be labeled and independently configured from nine
operating modes including Party-Line, Summing Bus, Pass-Thru, IFB,
and Audio Switching.
3. IFB Functionality:
The Model 5422A supports IFB signals within the Dante domain,
allowing for professional-grade talent cue signals without the need
for additional hardware or matrix intercom systems.
FAQ:
Q: Can the Model 5422A be powered by a car battery?
A: The Model 5422A is designed to be powered by either a 100-240
V mains supply, 50/60 Hz, or a 12 volts DC source. It is not
recommended to power it directly from a car battery.
Q: How many group operating modes are available for
configuration?
A: There are nine group operating modes available for
configuration on the Model 5422A, including Party-Line w/Auto Mix,
Summing Bus w/Auto Mix, Pass-Thru, IFB options, and different Audio
Switching modes.
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Model 5422A
Dante® Intercom Audio Engine User Guide
Issue 3, December 2022 This User Guide is applicable for serial numbers
M5422A-01001 and later with Main Firmware 3.00 and later,
FPGA Firmware version 3.00 and later, and STcontroller 3.10.00 and later
Copyright © 2022 by Studio Technologies, Inc., all rights reserved studio-
tech.com
50707-1222, Issue 3
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Model 5422A
DANTE INTERCOM AUDIO ENGINE
Table of Contents
Revision History …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4 Introduction
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5
Installation…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 9 Dante
Configuration…………………………………………………………………………………………………….12 Model 5422A
Configuration ………………………………………………………………………………………….14 Operation
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..45 STcontroller
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..52 Technical Notes
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….53 Specifications
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..57 Appendix ANetwork Configuration
Examples ………………………………………………………………..59 Appendix BDante Controller Network
Default Configuration Values………………………………….62 Appendix CFront-Panel Menu
Structure……………………………………………………………………….63 Appendix DDefault Configuration
Values………………………………………………………………………64 Appendix EAccessing the Unit when User
Name and/or Password Not Known …………………65
Model 5422A User Guide Studio Technologies, Inc.
Issue 3, December 2022 Page 3
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DANTE INTERCOM AUDIO ENGINE
Revision History
Issue 3, December 2022:
· Documents support for STcontroller software application. · Documents updated
Network and System menus. · Miscellaneous corrections and clarifications.
Issue 2, April 2022:
· Adds support for new IFB and Audio Switching group operating modes. ·
Miscellaneous corrections and clarifications.
Issue 1, September 2021:
· Initial release.
Issue 3, December 2022 Page 4
Model 5422A User Guide Studio Technologies, Inc.
Model 5422A
DANTE INTERCOM AUDIO ENGINE
Introduction
The Model 5422A Dante Intercom Audio Engine is a high-performance, cost-
effective, and flexible solution for creating party-line (PL) intercom
circuits when used with Dante®-compatible products. These include the Studio
Technologies’ range of 1-, 2-, and 4-channel intercom beltpacks. The Model
5422A will also prove value in a variety of other general audio and broadcast-
related mixing, IFB (talent cuing), and interfacing applications. The unit is
suitable for use in fixed and mobile broadcast facilities, post-production
studios, commercial and educational theater environments, and entertainment
applications. Only power and Ethernet network connections are required for the
Model 5422A to provide a powerful resource in a variety of Dante applications.
The Model 5422A is available in two versions — one with 32 input and output
channels and the other with 64 input and output channels.
The Model 5422A provides three Gigabit Ethernet (GigE) network interfaces, two
which can support redundant Dante operation and a third for accessing the
management menu system. To meet the latest interoperability standard the
unit’s Dante implementation meets the requirements of AES67. Support for the
Dante Domain ManagerTM (DDM) software application is also provided. An
integral web server allows fast and flexible configuration of the unit’s
audio, networking, and Dante performance. Front-panel indicators, a graphics
display, and pushbutton switches provide personnel with direct access to key
operating parameters. Using the STcontroller software application, key
operating parameters can be monitored in real time. In addition, STcontroller
allows direct access to the Model 5422A’s management webpages.
The Model 5422A can be powered by 100-240 V, 50/60 Hz mains or a source of 12
volts DC. The lightweight enclosure mounts in one space (1U) of a standard
19-inch rack.
Applications
The Model 5422A is compatible with many Dantecompliant devices including the
extensive range of intercom beltpacks from Studio Technologies. These include
the single-channel/dual-listen Model 372A and Model 373A, the 2-channel Model
370A and Model 371A, and the 4-channel Model 374A. The Model 5422A will also
function directly with other Dantesupporting devices such as the Model 348
Intercom Station, Model 5304 Intercom Station, and Model 391 Dante Alerting
Unit. In addition, the Model 5422A can function with matrix intercom systems,
audio consoles, and wireless intercom base stations.
Pro Audio Quality and Auto Mix
The Model 5422A supports 48 kHz sampling rate digital audio signals that
interface using Dante. The unit’s audio circuitry was designed to meet the
demands of professional audio applications, far exceeding the sonic quality of
“typical” intercom products. A bit depth of up to 32 is supported and all
audio processing is performed using high-speed 32-bit programmable logic. This
ensures that the audio performance is excellent, providing the expected
benefits of minimal distortion, low noise, high headroom, flat frequency
response, and extremely low latency.
The Model 5422A’s Auto Mix function utilizes a sophisticated FPGA-based
algorithm to provide enhanced audio intelligibility. This feature is unique to
party-line (PL) intercom applications and offers users the
Figure 1. Model 5422A Dante Intercom Audio Engine front and back views (back panel typical for Model 5422A-02)
Model 5422A User Guide Studio Technologies, Inc.
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DANTE INTERCOM AUDIO ENGINE
opportunity to obtain the absolutely finest audio performance. Studio
Technologies is confident that the Model 5422A’s Auto Mix capability will meet
or exceed the automatic mixer performance of virtually all other hardware- or
software-based devices.
Two Versions
Two versions of the Model 5422A are available. The Model 5422A-01 provides one
32-channel audio engine. The Model 5422A-02 provides two 32-channel audio
engines for a total of 64 input and output channels. The size and scope of a
specific application will dictate which Model 5422A version is applicable. The
term “audio engine” was selected to describe a set of audio input, processing,
routing, and output resources that can be configured to support specific
intercom, talent-cueing, and audio routing and control functions. Unlike
general-purpose digital matrix devices, the Model 5422A is optimized to allow
direct support for these special broadcast and general-intercom applications.
Group Configuration
Configuration choices select how each 32-channel audio engine is segmented,
labeled (named), and optimized for how the associated audio signals are
processed.
Group Size
The ability to segment a 32-channel audio engine into multiple groups allows
efficient use of the Model 5422A’s Dante channels. As all Dante intercom
beltpacks are essentially 4-wire devices (having independent receiver (input)
and transmitter (output) channels) “virtual” (simulated) party-line
functionality must be created within the Model 5422A’s audio engine(s). This
requires that the maximum number of participants (users) on any one “party-
line” be defined.
The 32 channels offered by an audio engine can be configured into what are
called groups. Simple configuration choices in the Model 5422A’s menu pages
allow the number of groups and their sizes to be selected. Groups can range in
size from 32 channels (a complete audio engine being used for a single group)
to having just four channels. The size of a group will dictate how many
devices and associated users can be part of any one party-line or how many
channels will be impacted by a processing setting for a specific group. Ten
choices allow a wide range of group configurations to be
selected. The default setting for each audio engine is to have four 8-channel
groups. This leads to the Model 5422A-01 having four 8-channel groups and the
Model 5422A-02 having eight 8-channel groups. Refer to the Specifications
section for a detailed list of the group sizes that are available.
Group Labels
Each group can be assigned a unique label. These labels would typically
reflect how the specific groups are going to be utilized. Labels such as
Camera PL, Lighting, Pyro, or Engineering would be typically used in
broadcast- or live-event-oriented intercom applications. The configured labels
are automatically used by the Model 5422A’s Dante Interface, providing clarity
when routing Dante channels using applications such as Dante Controller. Each
group label can be a combination of up to 14 alpha or numeric characters.
Channel numbers are automatically appended to the entered labels to provide
identification of the specific channels within the Dante environment. A label
of up to 12 additional characters can also be added to each specific channel,
providing further details about an application.
Group Operating Modes
While the primary application for the Model 5422A is to create party-line (PL)
intercom circuits, each group can be independently configured from among nine
operating modes: Party-Line w/Auto Mix, Party-Line, Summing Bus w/Auto Mix,
Summing Bus, Pass-Thru, IFB (1 Int-in), IFB (3 Int-in), Audio Switching (1-in/
2-out), and Audio Switching (2-in/1-out).
Party-Line
When a group is configured for Party-Line w/Auto Mix or Party-Line operating
mode the Model 5422A’s audio processing circuitry creates a series of
independent “mix-minus” outputs, one for each channel in the group. These
specialized outputs allow each intercom user assigned to that specific group
(a “party-line”) to hear all members of that group except for themselves.
(This is the origin of the term mix-minus and indicates a mix of all sources
but themselves.) By each user receiving a mix-minus signal precise control of
each user’s sidetone audio level and overall audio quality can be maintained.
The Party-Line w/Auto Mix operating mode offers Model 5422A users a level of
audio performance that is unique among intercom applications.
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Model 5422A User Guide Studio Technologies, Inc.
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DANTE INTERCOM AUDIO ENGINE
Summing Bus
When a group is configured for Summing Bus w/ Auto Mix or Summing Bus
operating mode audio sources assigned to the group’s input channels are mixed
(summed or combined). The resulting mix is routed to all the output channels
associated with that group. While essentially providing a “unity gain” mixer
function, using the Model 5422A’s web menu pages allows the level of each
input and output channel can be adjusted over a ±20 dB range. The summing bus
operating mode can be useful for general-purpose audio mixing applications
where multiple Dante channels need to be combined. When the Summing Bus w/Auto
Mix operating mode is selected it may allow a Model 5422A to be useful in
applications well beyond broadcast intercom. It may prove especially useful in
audio applications that require combining many voice sources. Press
conferences, sports interview configurations, and government meeting
situations may all benefit from this capability.
Pass-Thru
Each group can be independently configured for a unique operating mode called
Pass-Thru. This implements an audio function that routes each Dante receiver
(input) channel directly to an associated Dante transmitter (output) channel.
This simple but sophisticated function will allow any Dante signal to utilize
the Model 5422A’s capability to support up to 32 Dante flows. This can be
useful as a “flow expander” when used in an application that includes Dante-
compatible products that utilize Audinate’s UltimoTM integrated circuit. (Many
products from Studio Technologies use Ultimo.) While an excellent cost-
effective means of implementing Dante, using Ultimo has several limitations.
The first is its ability to support only two Dante transmitter (output) and
two Dante receiver (input) flows. Routing Dante signals through Model 5422A
pass-thru channels can facilitate integration with applications that require
additional flows.
Pass-thru can also be used as a simple means of adjusting the level of one or
more Dante signals. Using the Model 5422A’s web menu pages, the level of each
input and output channel can be independently adjusted over a ±20 dB range.
With the unit’s ability to support AES67 and the Dante Domain Manager (DDM)
application, many specialized interfacing tasks can be accomplished.
Model 5422A User Guide Studio Technologies, Inc.
IFB
Two IFB operating modes are included to support the needs of applications that
require talent cue audio. IFB audio can be required in situations where
production personnel and on-air talent are physically located in the same
area. Alternately, the Model 5422A can also be used in situations that utilize
the Remote Integration (REMI) or At-Home model where production personnel are
located physically apart from on-air talent. “Interruptible foldback” (IFB)
talent cue signals, each typically created from a program audio source and one
or more voice-only interrupt sources, are critical for supporting the needs of
on-air personnel. Creating these can be a challenge, especially in a REMI
environment. However, by utilizing the Model 5422A’s IFB capability this can
become a simple matter. The IFB (1 Int-in) mode uses two Dante input channels
(program audio and interrupt audio) and provides two Dante output channels
(program with interrupt and program-only). The IFB (3 Int-in) function is
similar except allows connection of up to three independent interrupt audio
sources. This latter mode supports applications where up to three separate
“talk” devices need to be supported. An example of an applicable device would
be the Model 348 Intercom Station. Three of these units could be directly
utilized with the Model 5422A’s IFB (3 Int-in) mode.
The Model 5422A’s IFB functionality is implemented such that professional-
grade talent cue (IFB) signals can be created entirely within the Dante
domain. This allows support for both “local” and REMI/At-Home applications
without the need for matrix intercom systems or extensive hardware.
Compatibility is provided with many other products from Studio Technologies,
including the Model 348 Intercom Station, Model 354 Talk Station, and various
announcer’s console models.
Configuration choices allow the presence of interrupt audio to be recognized
either by voice-operated (VOX) or tone-operated (TOX) detection algorithms.
Each will allow creation of excellent talent cueing”feeds.” However, TOX
provides a unique operating scenario where interrupt audio is combined with a
high-frequency (typically 18 kHz) audio tone. The high-frequency tone serves
as the interrupt “trigger” source and can reliably control the on/off state of
an IFB function. Whether within a facility or used “around the world,” TOX
should provide excellent IFB performance. With this capability, an IFB-
activation signal provided by way
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DANTE INTERCOM AUDIO ENGINE
of a separate data path or other “trigger” signal won’t be required for a
fully “pro” IFB signal to be created. Complete interrupt audio will always be
presented to the user; the beginning portion of a voice audio signal won’t
ever be “cut off” as can happen when VOX is utilized.
During interrupt activity the program audio can be attenuated (or fully muted)
following a configurable parameter. For sports broadcast applications it’s
usual for the program audio to be attenuated rather than fully muted during
interrupt activity. (For this application, 15 dB would be a typical level
reduction.) On-air news applications will typically fully mute program audio
during interrupt activity. This helps to ensure that important “cue” audio
will always clearly reach on-air talent. For other specialized cueing
applications, such as audio-for-picture Foley environments, the level of the
program audio would not change, no matter the interrupt state. Another
configurable parameter works in conjunction with the voice-operated (VOX)
function and allows the minimum interrupt active time to be selected. This
helps to ensure optimal IFB operation, limiting the chance that VOX detection
will incorrectly turn off during inter-word pauses in interrupt audio.
Interrupt speech cadence can vary greatly depending on the application,
language, and specific production personnel. This parameter helps match the
interrupt sources with VOX-triggered IFB functions.
A Model 5422A can have as few as two independent IFB (1 Int-in) functions by
selecting a 4-channel group. A single IFB (3 Int-in) function can be
implemented with one 4-channel group. Selecting a 32-channel group can provide
16 independent IFB (1 Int-in) or eight IFB (3 Int-in) functions. As expected,
using a Model 5422A-02 allows the creation of up to 32 IFB (1 Int-in) or 16
IFB (3 Int-in) functions.
Audio Switching
The Model 5422A provides two Audio Switching modes. The first mode allows one
Dante receiver (input) to be routed to either of two Dante transmitter
(output) channels. The second mode allows two Dante receiver (input) channels
to be routed, one at a time, to a single Dante transmitter (output) channel.
Control of the audio switching modes is performed using a high-frequency audio
tone. This control method is similar to that utilized by the IFB tone-operated
(TOX) detection function. However, a major difference is that
the high-frequency (nominally 18 kHz) audio control signal for the Audio
Switching modes is connected to the Model 5422A using a separate Dante
receiver (input) channel. This ensures full isolation between the input and
output audio paths and the high-frequency control signal. The nominal 18 kHz
audio control source will never be part of audio input or output signals that
are being switched; full audio bandwidth will be maintained without
interference from the control signal.
The audio switching action is always performed with no clicks, “pops,” or
other audio artifacts added; full audio fidelity is preserved. The Audio
Switching functions can find use in a wide range of applications. There’s no
reason why an audio signal can’t be controlled for broadcast applications with
a control signal originating at a separate location. Devices such as the
Studio Technologies’ Model 348 Intercom Station can generate compatible audio
control tones. Multiple Audio Switching functions can also be easily
configured to allow support for multi-channel applications. For example, a
single control tone could be used to control audio signals passing through to
8-, 16-, 24-, or even 32-channel loudspeaker playback systems.
Using the Audio Switching (1-in/2-out) mode, an audio source is routed
(subscribed) to a single Dante receiver (input) channel. When an active
control signal is not present, the input signal is sent to the Normally On
Dante transmitter (output) channel. When the tone-detection resource
recognizes the presence of a high-frequency control signal the audio input
source is muted on the Normally On Dante transmitter (output) channel and is
actively routed to the Normally Off Dante transmitter (output) channel. When a
highfrequency control tone is no longer present the switching action reverses.
When using the Audio Switching (2-in/1-out) mode, one audio source is routed
(subscribed) to Dante receiver (input) channel 1 and another audio source is
routed (subscribed) to Dante receiver (input) channel 2. When an active
control signal is not present, audio input 1 is sent to the Dante transmitter
(output) channel. When the tone-detection resource recognizes the presence of
a high-frequency control signal, audio input 2 is routed to the Dante
transmitter (output) channel; audio input 1 no longer is routed to the output.
When the highfrequency control tone is no longer present the switching action
reverses.
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Model 5422A User Guide Studio Technologies, Inc.
Model 5422A
DANTE INTERCOM AUDIO ENGINE
Channel Level Adjustment and Labeling
The nominal level of each Dante receiver (input) channel and Dante transmitter
(output) channel can be individually adjusted. This would apply to the 32
channels associated with the Model 5422A-01 and the 64 channels with the Model
5422A-02. The adjustment range is ±20 dB in 1-dB steps. This capability can be
useful when using a Model 5422A to interface various pieces of equipment that
may have different internal operating levels.
The Model 5422A includes extensive capabilities to allow the labeling (naming)
of Dante audio channels. This can help ensure that the specific configuration
selected for a Model 5422A can be understood by other technical personnel. In
this way, changes to channel labels won’t require the use of the Dante
Controller application although the labeling conventions are, of course, fully
compatible.
Flexible Networking Capability
Using the Dante Controller application program, the Model 5422A’s three
Gigabit Ethernet ports can be selected to operate in one of four modes:
Switched, Redundant, Switched+Mgmt, and Redundant+Mgmt. This should allow
virtually any desired networking implementation to be easily achieved.
In the Switched mode a single Ethernet connection to either of the Model
5422A’s two Dante Ethernet ports will provide connectivity to the associated
Dante network. The remaining Dante Ethernet port will provide Dante network
“loop-through” capability and can be used to interface with another piece of
Ethernet-connected equipment. The management Ethernet port will be used to
access the Model 5422A’s monitoring and configuration webpages.
In the Redundant mode two independent Ethernet connections are made to the
Model 5422A’s two Dante Ethernet ports, enabling Dante’s redundant networking
capability. Again, the management Ethernet port will be used to access the
Model 5422A’s monitoring and configuration webpages. Using either of these
network modes allows separate network connections to be maintained for Dante
audio and management purposes.
In the Switched+Mgmt mode a single Ethernet connection is used for both Dante
audio functionality as well as providing access to the Model 5422A’s
management webpages. The remaining Dante Ethernet port will provide network
“loop-through” capability and can be used to interface with another piece of
Ethernetconnected equipment.
In the Redundant+Mgmt mode two Ethernet connections can be made to the Model
5422A’s two Dante Ethernet ports. This will allow independent audio networking
capability for redundant Dante applications. Access to the Model 5422A’s
management webpages will be made by way of the Ethernet connection made to the
primary Dante Ethernet port.
Operating Power
The Model 5422A allows an AC mains source of 100240 V, 50/60 Hz to be directly
connected. It can also be powered using a 10-18 volts DC source that is
connected via a broadcast-standard 4-pin XLR connector. If both AC and DC
power sources are connected to a Model 5422A, the unit will be powered by the
AC mains supply. Only if the AC mains source fails will a load be placed on
the DC source. This allows a source of DC, typically a battery pack, to serve
in a backup capacity. With this arrangement normal operation can continue even
if AC mains power is lost.
Updating and Future Capabilities
The Model 5422A was designed so that its capabilities can be enhanced in the
future. A USB connector, located on the unit’s back panel, allows the Main and
FPGA firmware (embedded software) to be updated using a USB flash drive. The
Model 5422A uses Audinate’s Brooklyn module to implement Dante. The firmware
in this module can easily be updated using the Dante Updater application that
is included with the Dante Controller application. All software files and
configuration parameters are stored in non-volatile memory.
Installation
In this section, the Model 5422A will be mounted in one space (1U) of an
equipment rack. Up to three Ethernet data connections will be made using
standard RJ45 patch cables. AC mains and/or DC power will be connected to the
Model 5422A. AC mains power can be connected by means of a detachable cord
that is compatible with the unit’s 3-pin IEC 320 C14 inlet
Model 5422A User Guide Studio Technologies, Inc.
Issue 3, December 2022 Page 9
Model 5422A
DANTE INTERCOM AUDIO ENGINE
connector. Some applications may warrant connection to a source of nominal 12
volts DC which can be made by way of a 4-pin XLR connector. A DC source can be
used to power the Model 5422A as well as serving as a backup power source
should AC mains not be present.
What’s Included
The shipping carton contains a Model 5422A Dante Leader Clock and instructions
on how to obtain an electronic copy of this guide. Also included in the
shipping carton is a North-American-standard AC mains cord. For destinations
outside of North America the local reseller or distributor should provide an
appropriate AC mains cord.
Mounting the Model 5422A
The Model 5422A Dante Leader Clock requires one space (1U) in a standard
19-inch (48.3 cm) equipment rack. Secure the unit into the designated
equipment rack using two mounting screws per side. As the Model 5422A does not
contain a fan or other noise-producing source it can be located within a room
or other structure where audio monitoring is going to take place.
Twisted-pair (UTC) Ethernet has a 100-meter (325foot) interconnection cable
limitation. But that can be overcome by using fiber-optic interconnections
between the Model 5422A and the Ethernet switch or switches in the one or more
associated localarea-networks (LANs).
Ethernet Connections
The Model 5422A provides three Gigabit Ethernet (GigE) ports for flexibility
and compatibility with many networking implementations. Two ports are provided
for interconnections with one or two local area networks (LANs) associated
with Dante audio-over-IP networking schemes. They are labeled as PRI (primary)
and SEC (secondary). The third Ethernet port, labeled MGMT, can be used to
access the Model 5422A management
resources. An internal web server function supports the Model 5422A’s
management port’s webpages. These webpages are used for configuration,
monitoring, and maintenance of Model 5422A operation. Refer to Figure 2 for an
overview of the Model 5422A’s three Ethernet ports and how they can operate.
Using the Dante Controller application, the three Ethernet ports can be
configured to operate in one of four modes: Switched, Redundant,
Switched+Mgmt, or Redundant+Mgmt. If configured for either the Switched or
Redundant modes the management webpages are accessed by way of the management
Ethernet port. When configured for the Switched+Mgmt mode the management
webpages are accessed by way of either the primary or secondary Ethernet port.
When configured for the Redundant+Mgmt mode the management webpages are
accessed using an Ethernet connection made to the primary Ethernet port.
By providing three Ethernet ports and four configuration modes, the Model
5422A allows support for virtually all facilities, including those that
utilize separate networks for Dante audio transport and equipment management.
In this way, “production” networks that support transport of audio signals by
way of a single LAN (Switched mode) or two LANs (Redundant mode) can be
separate from an engineering network that is used by technical personnel for
configuring and maintaining a facility or “plant.”
Connections to the three Ethernet interfaces are made by way of standard RJ45
jacks that are located on the back of the Model 5422A’s enclosure. The
Ethernet interfaces support auto MDI/MDI-X so that crossover cables are not
required. Refer to Appendix A for examples of how the Model 5422A’s three
Ethernet interfaces might be utilized. This topic is also covered in detail in
the Dante Configuration section. It’s difficult to conceive of a network
environment that the unit wouldn’t be able to effectively support.
Dante Controller Network Switch Configuration Switched
Model 5422A Ethernet Port
Pri
Sec
Dante
Redundant
Dante Primary
Dante Secondary
Switched+Mgmt Redundant+Mgmt
Dante and Management
Dante Primary and Management
Dante Secondary
Figure 2. Model 5422A Ethernet Port Configuration and Operation
Issue 3, December 2022 Page 10
Mgmt Management Management
Disabled Disabled
Model 5422A User Guide Studio Technologies, Inc.
Model 5422A
DANTE INTERCOM AUDIO ENGINE
Dante Port Connections At least one 1000BASE-T (GigE) Ethernet connection is
required for Model 5422A Dante operation. It should be connected to the
primary RJ45 jack. A second 1000BASE-T (GigE) connection can be made to the
secondary RJ45 jack if Redundant Dante is desired. For this functionality to
be active the Model 5422A’s network configuration must be set for the
Redundant or Redundant+Mgmt mode within the Dante Controller software
application. While technically 100BASE-TX (100 Mb/s) Ethernet can also be used
for these Dante connections, it is not optimal. Additionally, it’s important
to note that 10BASE-T (10 Mb/s) Ethernet connections are not sufficient.
When configured in Dante Controller for the Switched or Switched+Mgmt modes
the Model 5422A’s Dante secondary Ethernet connection can also be used as a
“loop through” port such as would be provided by an Ethernet switch. Using the
Dante secondary port in this manner for applications other than
troubleshooting or “looping” to access the Model 5422A’s management port is
not recommended. It will function reliably but “daisy chaining” Ethernet
signals can limit flexibility and present a failure point; it’s optimal if
each Dante Ethernet interface connects directly to a separate port on an
Ethernet switch.
Management Port Connection If required by the needs of an application, the
management webpages can be accessed using an Ethernet signal connected to the
Model 5422A’s management Ethernet port. This requires that the network mode in
Dante Controller be configured for Switched or Redundant. It’s recommended
that a 1000BASE-T (GigE) connection be made but a 100BASE-TX (100 Mb/s)
connection is sufficient. (GigE will provide the best performance and it’s
assumed that all contemporary applications will support it.)
Access to the Model 5422A’s management webpages can also be obtained using the
same network connection or connections that are being used for Dante audio.
This requires that the network mode in Dante Controller be configured for
Switched+Mgmt or Redundant+Mgmt. Appendix A provides example of how these
network scenarios can easily be implemented.
Model 5422A User Guide Studio Technologies, Inc.
Connecting Power
The Model 5422A requires a source of AC mains or nominal 12 volts DC for
operation. Either source can be connected with the same result. Both can also
be simultaneously connected if a redundant (backup) power scheme is desired.
Connecting AC Mains Power
The Model 5422A can operate directly from AC mains power of 100 to 240 volts,
50/60 Hz, 5 watts maximum. As a “universal mains input” device there are no
switches to set or jumpers to install. A 3-pin IEC 320 C14 inlet connector on
the back panel mates with a detachable mains cord set.
All units are supplied from the factory with an AC mains cord that has a North-American (NEMA 5-15L) standard plug on one end and an IEC 320 C13 connector on the other end. Units intended for use in other destinations require that an appropriate mains cord be obtained. The wire colors in the mains cord should conform to the internationally recognized color code and be terminated accordingly:
Connection Neutral (N) Line (L) Earth/Ground (E)
Wire Color Light Blue Brown Green/Yellow
Because the Model 5422A does not contain a power on/off switch it will begin operation as soon as AC mains power is connected.
Safety Warning: The Model 5422A does not contain an AC mains disconnect switch. As such, the AC mains cord plug serves as the disconnection device. Safety considerations require that the plug and associated inlet be easily accessible to allow rapid disconnection of AC mains power should it prove necessary.
Connecting DC Power
The Model 5422A can also operate from a source of 10 to 18 volts DC. The
current required from a 12 volts DC source is 0.5 ampere (500 milliamperes)
maximum. A 4-pin male XLR connector, located on the unit’s back panel, is used
to connect the source of DC. Prepare a mating connector (female) so that pin 1
is DC and pin 4 is DC+. Pins 2 and 3 are not used and should remain
unconnected. This connector type and
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pinout have become a broadcast DC power standard and should be familiar to
many technical personnel. Because the Model 5422A contains no power on/off
switch it will begin operation as soon as a DC power source is connected.
As previously mentioned, both an AC mains source and a DC source can be
connected at the same time. If this is the implementation then the AC mains
source will always power the Model 5422A with the DC source serving as a “hot
standby.” Only if the AC source fails will the unit draw power from the DC
source. This will occur automatically with no interruption of Model 5422A
operation. In this “standby” mode (when an AC mains source is connected) the
Model 5422A draws less than 110 microamperes (uA) from a 12 volts DC input.
Dante Configuration
For audio signals to pass to and from the Model 5422A requires that a number
of Dante-related parameters be configured. These configuration settings are
stored in non-volatile memory within the Model 5422A’s Dante network interface
circuitry. Configuration will typically be done with the Dante Controller
software application, available for download free of charge at audinate.com.
Versions of Dante Controller are available to support several operating
systems. Refer to Appendix B for a list of the Model 5422A configuration
default values that are associated with Dante Controller.
The Model 5422A’s Dante interface is compatible with the Dante Domain Manager
(DDM) software application. Refer to DDM documentation, available from
Audinate, for details on which Model 5422A parameters may need to be
configured.
Audio Routing
As previously discussed, the Model 5422A is available in two versions. The
Model 5422A-01 has 32 Dante audio input and 32 Dante audio output channels.
The Model 5422A-02 has 64 Dante audio input and 64 Dante audio output
channels. The latter is organized into two 32-channel groups.
Some or all of the Model 5422A-01’s 32 Dante receiver (input) channels will be
routed (Dante subscribed) to Dante transmitter (output) channels on associated
equipment. Some or all of the Model 5422A-01’s 32 Dante transmitter (output)
channels will be routed to the Dante receiver (input) channels on associated
equipment. These routes (Dante subscriptions) will connect signals from
related Dante devices to and from the Model 5422A’s audio processing
resources. Extensive configuration choices allow the Model 5422A’s audio
channels to be organized into various group sizes. Each group can be
configured for how it will function. For example, Dante beltpacks can be
routed to inputs and outputs on a Model 5422A-01 group to create one or more
“virtual” party-line circuits. Details regarding configuring groups sizes and
group functions are covered in later sections.
As the Model 5422A-02 supports a total of 64 channels (two groups of
32-channels each) the amount of audio channel routing required can be up to
twice that of a Model 5422A-01. Since there are 64 input and 64 output audio
channels up to 128 routes (Dante subscriptions) may need to be established.
The reason that all the channels associated with a Model 5422A may not need to
be routed is simple. Most applications will be designed to have unused
(“spare”) channels that will allow future expansion and resource re-
allocation.
Both versions of the Model 5422A use a Brooklyn module to implement their
Dante functionality. The number of transmitter flows associated with this
module is 32 and, as such, no flow limitation will typically occur. These
flows can either be unicast, multicast, or a combination of the two. Note,
however, that when AES67 mode is enabled in Dante Controller the Dante
transmitter (output) channels will only function in multicast; unicast is not
supported.
Unit Name and Channel Labels
The Model 5422A has a default Dante device name of ST-5422A- along with a
unique suffix. The suffix identifies the specific Model 5422A that is being
configured. The suffix’s actual alpha and/or numeric characters relate to the
MAC address of the unit’s Brooklyn module.
The default labels (names) of the Dante receiver (input) and Dante transmitter
(output) audio output channels will depend on the operating mode configuration
of the selected groups. For most operating modes it’s preferred that the label
for a receiver (input) and a transmitter (output) be identical. (In most
cases, an input has a corresponding output.) For user or application clarity,
these labels can be revised using either the Dante Controller application or
by way of Model 5422A configuration webpages. Editing channel labels
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using Dante Controller requires separate entries for Dante receiver (input)
and Dante transmitter (output) channels. This can be effective but tedious,
requiring care to ensure that, when appropriate, channel “pairs” are labeled
in a similar fashion. Using the “smart” channel labeling capability provided
by the Model 5422A’s webpage function is highly recommended. This method
allows a single entry to select the label for both the receiver (input) and
transmitter (output) channels. Refer to the Model 5422A Configuration section
or details regarding “smart” channel labeling.
Device Configuration
The Model 5422A only supports an audio sample rate 48 kHz with no pull-up/down
options available. The digital audio data is in the form of pulse-code
modulation (PCM) samples. A bit depth of up to 32 can be supported. Clocking
and Device Latency can be adjusted if required but the default values are
typically correct. Encoding choices are PCM 16, PCM 24, and PCM 32.
Network Configuration Dante
As has been covered previously in the Installation section, the Model 5422A
allows connection of one, two, or three Ethernet signals using standard RJ45
jacks which are located on the unit’s back panel. Useful information is also
provided in Appendix A, which provides graphic views of how the RJ45 jacks can
be utilized.
In many applications, two of the jacks will be used for Dante audio and the
third for connecting to a network designated for device management purposes.
It’s also possible to access the Model 5422A’s management webpages using the
Dante Ethernet ports. The Model 5422A’s Dante ports are labeled PRI and SEC
indicating that they are typically used for the primary and secondary
connections. The third Ethernet port is labeled MGMT, indicating that it is
intended for use accessing the management webpages. The functioning of these
three Ethernet ports can be selected in the Network Config Switch
Configuration section of Dante Controller. Choices are: Switched, Redundant,
Switched+Mgmt, and Redundant+Mgmt.
If the Switched mode is selected, the Model 5422A can establish one Dante
audio connection with an Ethernet network. It doesn’t matter which RJ45 jack
is utilized, PRI or SEC, although for clarity this would typically be the
primary (PRI) jack. The secondary (SEC) RJ45 jack can be used to interconnect
with another piece
of networked equipment. The management (MGMT) Ethernet port will be used to
access the management webpages.
If the Model 5422A’s Dante network is configured for the Switched mode ensure
that only one of the two Dante RJ45 jacks (PRI or SEC) on the back panel is
connected to the LAN associated with the Dante network. If both of the Model
5422A’s Dante RJ45 jacks are routed to ports on the same LAN this will
typically “crash” the network! (Although some of the latest/ most-advanced
Ethernet switches will automatically detect and prevent such a “network
bridging” issue from occurring.)
If the Switched+Mgmt mode is selected, the same issues as discussed in the
previous two paragraphs would again apply. The only difference is that the
management webpages would be accessed using the same Dante Ethernet port that
is being used to access the Dante network. The management (MGMT) Ethernet port
will be disabled.
If the Redundant mode is selected, the Dante’s Redundant networking capability
will be enabled. In this case, separate Ethernet LAN connections should be
made to the Dante primary (PRI) and Dante secondary (SEC) RJ45 jacks. Again,
the Model 5422A’s separate management (MGMT) Ethernet port will be used to
access the management webpages.
If the Redundant+Mgmt mode is selected in Dante Controller, the network
connection made to the Dante primary (PRI) Ethernet port will also be used to
access the management webpages. The Model 5422A’s separate management (MGMT)
port will be disabled.
IP Addresses
When a Model 5422A has been configured for either the Switched or
Switched+Mgmt network mode a single Dante IP address will be associated with
the network connection that is made to either the Dante primary (PRI) or the
Dante secondary (SEC) RJ45 jack. If the network configuration has been
selected for the Redundant or Redundant+Mgmt mode then separate IP addresses
and related network parameters will be assigned to the Dante primary (PRI) and
Dante secondary (SEC) Ethernet ports. No matter what network mode has been
selected the Model 5422A will always have a separate management IP address.
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Typically, the Model 5422A’s Dante IP address or addresses and related network
parameters will be determined automatically using DHCP or, if that’s not
available, the link-local network protocol. If desired, the Dante Controller
application does allow Dante IP addresses and related network parameters to be
manually set to a fixed (static) configuration. While this is a more-involved
process than simply letting DHCP or link-local “do their thing,” if fixed
addressing is necessary then this capability is available.
Note that if the Model 5422A’s network configuration has been set for the
Redundant or Redundant+Mgmt mode, the Dante primary and Dante secondary IP
addresses and related parameters can be independently configured. This allows
both Dante interfaces to be configured automatically, both interfaces to be
configured manually, or one interface to be configured automatically and the
other to be configured manually.
By default, the Model 5422A’s management IP address and related network
parameters will be determined automatically using DHCP or link-local. A
configuration option, accessible using front-panel menus (by way of the
display and associated buttons) or the management webpages, allows manual
control of the management IP address, subnet mask, and gateway address values.
AES67 Configuration AES67 Mode
Dante Controller allows a Model 5422A to be configured for AES67 operation.
This requires the AES67 mode to be set for Enabled. As previously, if AES67
mode is enabled then all the Dante transmitter (output) channels will use
multicast; unicast will not be supported.
Model 5422A Clocking Source
While technically the Model 5422A can serve as a Leader clock for a Dante
network (as can all Danteenabled devices) in most cases, the unit will be
configured to receive its timing reference (“sync”) from another Dante device.
As such, the check box for Preferred Leader that is associated with the Model
5422A would typically not be enabled.
Model 5422A Configuration
Many Model 5422A Dante Intercom Audio Engine operating parameters are
configured using the management system’s webpages that are provided by way of
one of the unit’s Ethernet ports. The specific port utilized for accessing the
management system will depend on the network configuration that is selected
using the Dante Controller application. A standard web browser is all that is
required to utilize the menu webpages.
The manner in which the Model 5422A handles audio signals is configured using
the webpages. Parameters for the network settings and user access are also
handled using the management system and associated webpages. In addition, a
number of display-only fields show key operating parameters.
Several key network configuration parameters can also be viewed and revised
using the Model 5422A’s front-panel graphics display and associated pushbutton
switches. Refer to Appendix C for details on which parameters can be revised
in this manner.
Management IP Address
It’s easy to identify the Model 5422A’s management IP address by way of the
front-panel display. If the screen saver function is active, as it will be in
most situations, one of the three pages that will automatically display will
show the current management IP address. As such, a user can simply observe the
sequencing menu pages and watch for the one that shows the current management
IP address. If it’s desired that the current management IP address be
continuously shown then the Enter pushbutton switch on the front panel should
be pressed. This will stop the screen saver function and cause the current
management IP address to be shown. It will also allow the various menu pages
to be accessed using the up, down, left, and right pushbutton switches.
Simultaneously pressing the left and right arrow buttons will cause the screen
saver mode to begin again. The screen saver mode will also automatically start
two minutes after the last press of any of the front-panel pushbutton
switches.
How the management Ethernet port obtains its IP address will depend on a
management interface configuration setting. The default method is automatic so
the Model 5422A’s management port will first try to obtain
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an IP address using DHCP. If that is not successful an IP address will be
assigned using the link-local protocol. An address of 169.254.x.x will
indicate that an IPv4 address was established using link-local. The Model
5422A may also have been configured to use a manual (fixed or static) IP
address. The front-panel display and associated pushbuttons, or the Model
5422A’s management webpages, can be used to review and/ or make changes to the
management IP address and related parameters.
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Accessing the Management Webpages
To access the Model 5422A’s home webpage, type the unit’s management IP
address into a browser’s search bar. (It’s possible that some browsers may
require including the text http:// followed by the IP address.) Alternately,
the STcontroller software application can lead a user directly to the
management webpages. This is described in a later section. Of course, the
computer associated with the browser must be on the same LAN and subnet as the
Model 5422A’s management port connection.
Home Menu
Once the Model 5422A menu system has been accessed a webpage will appear that
has both a Home and Login tab across the top. A line of greeting text will be
shown along with a link to the Model 5422A section in the Studio Technologies
website.
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Login Menu
Click on the Login tab to access the Login webpage. Entry of a valid user name
and password is now required to access the configuration and status menus. The
Model 5422A doesn’t incorporate a sophisticated security implementation.
Requiring a user name and password, as well as the underlying software, is
intended to keep “honest” people from making unauthorized changes to the
configuration of the Model 5422A. It is not intended as a rigorous security
system.
Should the applicable user name and/or password be misplaced, refer to the
Technical Notes section and/or Appendix E for a recovery method.
User Name: Enter the Model 5422A’s user name into this field. It is case
sensitive. The default user name is guest. If both the default user name and
the default password are active then the default user name will be shown in
this field. Password: Enter the Model 5422A’s password into this field. It is
case sensitive. The default password is guest. If both the default user name
and the default password are active then the default password will be shown in
this field. Log In Button: Click on the Log In button to submit the entered
user name and password. If the correct entries have been made then a Home
webpage that includes an expanded set of webpage tabs (choices) will show. If
an incorrect user name and/or password is entered then a login failed message
will be shown in text.
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Model 5422A
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Main Menu
Once the correct user name and password have been submitted an expanded set of
menu tabs will be shown. These choices provide the ability to access
additional menu webpages. They allow configuration of audio performance as
well as network and access parameters. In addition, information about other
important Model 5422A operating parameters can also be reviewed.
As previously discussed, the Model 5422A is offered in two versions. The Model
5422A-01 provides one set of 32 audio channels. This is considered a
32-channel audio engine. The Model 5422A-02 provides two sets of 32 audio
channels. This is considered to be two 32-channel audio engines that support a
total of 64 channels. The menu systems for the two versions are quite similar.
The only difference is that the Model 5422A-01 has a menu tab called Audio
Engine while the Model 5422A-02 has one tab called Audio Engine 1 and another
tab called Audio Engine 2.
Audio Engine Configuration The Model 5422A-01 has one audio engine consisting
of 32 channels. The Model 5422A-02 has two audio engines, each consisting of
32 channels for a total of 64 channels. Two webpages are provided for
configuring these audio engines. They are named Group Configuration and
Channel Configuration.
Group Configuration The channels in each audio engine can be electronically divided into what are referred to as groups. Selecting how the 32 audio engine channels are arranged into groups is crucial when working to achieve the desired
Model 5422A configuration. Each group will have a text label that can assist
personnel in knowing the purpose
of each group. The operating mode of each group can be individually selected.
This allows the specific action of each group to be determined.
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Choices are: 32 24, 8 20, 8, 4 16, 16 16, 12, 4 12, 12, 4, 4 8, 8, 8, 8 8, 8,
8, 4, 4 8, 8, 4, 4, 4, 4 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4
As has been previously discussed, each Model 5422A audio engine consists of 32
Dante receiver (input) and 32 Dante transmitter (output) channels. These
channel “pairs” can be configured to function in one of the ten available
group arrangements. As should be evident, adding together the size of each
group will always equal 32. Each group will have a unique label and can be
independently configured as to how it will function. How to establish group
labels and operating modes will be reviewed in later sections.
When contemplating changing the Channels per Group configuration it’s
important to note two things. The first is that some or all of the Dante
channel labels of each group member may automatically change to reflect the
revised audio engine configuration. The second issue that could arise is that
some or all of the existing Dante audio channel routes (Dante subscriptions)
associated with group members will probably be deleted upon a change to the
number of Channels per Group configuration. This is simply the result of Dante
technology using the channel labels for identifying and establishing routes
(Dante subscriptions). A route (Dante subscription) would no longer be valid
if an associated channel label has been changed.
The fact that Dante transmitter (output) channel labels may automatically
change when the Channel per Group configuration changes is not necessarily a
bad thing. But some editing of the channel labels may be required to achieve
the desire implementation. Deleting routes (Dante subscriptions) to and from
group-member channels will definitely add some extra effort. Routes (Dante
subscriptions) will have to be re-established once a new Channels per Group
configuration has been selected and confirmed. Again, this is not a terrible
thing to have occur. But it’s possible that up to 64 routes (Dante
subscriptions), consisting of 32 receiver/transmitter pairs, may have to be
reestablished.
In conclusion, a change of Channels per Group organization may be destructive
as far as channel labels and routes (Dante subscriptions) are concerned. Any
changes made to a Channels per Group configuration is “one way” with no method
to automatically return to a previous configuration. A change will require
that time and effort be spent confirming and possibly revising channel labels
and routes (Dante subscriptions).
The identification letter used in group 1 of the audio engine associated with
a Model 5422A-01, or group 1 in the first audio engine of a Model 5422A-02,
will always start with the letter A. The next group will take on the next
alphabetical letter. If an audio engine is configured for four groups (such as
12, 12, 4, 4) then the group identification letters will be A, B, C, and D. If
an audio engine is selected for eight groups (4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4) then the
letters in the identification range will be A through H.
The group identification letter for the second audio engine of a Model
5422A-02 will start with J and go, if required, to the letter R. For clarity,
the letters I and O will not be used for groups. (They can be confused with
the numbers one and zero.)
Within the Model 5422A’s logic circuitry the audio data associated with each
group is fully isolated, ensuring that there will never be audio crosstalk
between groups. This is to be expected since all Model 5422A Dante receiver
(input) channels, Dante transmitter (output) channels, and processing is
performed within the digital domain.
Group Label
Associated with each group is a label (name) consisting of up to 14 alphabetic
or numeric characters. The default label for each group is somewhat generic
but can be revised to be more descriptive. There’s no reason why a human-
readable label can’t be used to make the function served by each group much
clearer. Using labels such as MainPL, ProductionComs, or Maintenance can be
effectively utilized. Assigning logical, understandable labels can make long-
term application maintenance much easier to perform. The Submit button must be
pressed or entered for a revised label to be saved.
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Operating Mode
Each group can be independently configured to operate from among nine
available operating modes. Choices are: Party-Line w/Auto Mix, Party-Line,
Summing Bus w/Auto Mix, Summing Bus, Pass-Thru, IFB (1 Int-in), IFB (3 Int-
in), Audio Switching (1-in/ 2-out), and Audio Switching (2-in/1-out).
A detailed explanation of each operating mode will be provided in the
following paragraphs. For a revised operating mode to be activated requires
the Submit button, located to the right of the selection field, be pressed or
enabled.
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Party-Line w/Auto Mix
This operating mode allows party-line (PL) channels or circuits to be created
from Dante signals.
To maximize signal intelligibility, the contribution of each user’s talk signal is automatically adjusted using the Auto Mix function. Unlike analog PL, Dante signals designated for intercom use can’t simply be interconnected (“banged together”) to form common talk/listen channels. PL functionality has to be created within digital logic to form “virtual” PL circuits. To the user the result is essentially the same; all members of a Dante PL can talk and listen at the same time. But how that functionality is created is quite different. As one would expect, all Dante receiver (input) and transmitter (output) channels are independent. In the broadcast or telephony-world these signals would be considered a “4-wire” with separate audio paths for send and receive. As such, they need to be connected to a specialized mixer or combiner resource to allow a virtual PL function to be created. Two signal routes (Dante subscriptions) need to be established for each
PL user channel. This channel “pair” must have one signal associated with an
intercom device’s Dante transmitter (output) channel and a second associated
with the intercom device’s Dante receiver (input) channel.
The Auto Mix action that applies to this operating mode uses a special audio
processing algorithm that provides enhanced audio performance for party-line
(PL) applications. This algorithm, implemented in highspeed logic within the
Model 5422A’s FPGA integrated circuit, automatically adjusts the contribution
that each audio input signal makes to the party-line group. This automatic
mixing action balances the relative audio level of each input that is
contributing a significant signal to the party-line function. It will also
significantly reduce the contribution to the overall mix of each audio input
signal if its level is determined to be below
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a fixed threshold. This helps ensure that users who are actively talking on a
PL circuit will be clearly heard, while those who are not actively talking
will have their background audio minimized.
Technically, within the Model 5422A’s logic circuitry multiple line-level mix-
minus audio paths (buses) are created from the Dante receiver (input) audio
signals; each device that is part of a PL channel or circuit requires an
independent mix-minus signal. The concept is simple, each user that’s part of
a specific PL wants to hear an audio signal created by a Party-Line w/Auto Mix
operating mode function that contains everyone but themselves. They don’t want
to hear themselves coming back from the Model 5422A as there could be too much
or too little level, slight audio time delays, or other audio artifacts.
They’ll want to hear themselves (by way of their own microphone) but through
the sidetone function that is provided by their own beltpack or intercom
station.
To further explain, let’s use the example of four users that are part of a
4-channel virtual PL circuit created by the Model 5422A. User one wants to
hear talk audio from users two, three, and four. User two wants to hear talk
audio from users one, three, and four. User three wants to hear talk audio
from users one, two, and four. And user four wants to hear talk audio from
users one, two, and three. To support these four users requires that the Model
5422A create four unique mix-minus functions. This is accomplished within the
unit’s digital logic circuitry. Four associated Auto Mix functions help to
ensure that the audio that each user receives is uniformly excellent. And
finally, for each user to hear themselves (audio associated with their own
microphone) each intercom device (typically a beltpack or intercom station)
will have an integrated sidetone function.
To summarize, each member of a PL group is assigned its own mix-minus channel,
meaning that the audio that it supplies to the group is routed to all other
members of the group but not to itself. A user receives confirmation audio
from their own microphone by way of its local sidetone function and not from
the group’s mixing and distribution functions that create the multiple mix-
minus buses.
The number of channels in a group that is assigned to the Party-Line w/Auto
Mix operating mode defines the maximum number of Dante device talk/listen
channels
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that can join together to form a virtual party-line (PL). The configuration
choices range from one 32-channel PL (32), to selecting eight 4-channel groups
(4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4). What configuration choice is optimal for an
application will depend on the maximum number of independent PL “circuits”
that need to be established. A simple review of an application should lead to
the desired group configuration.
While the maximum number of talk/listen channels that can be assigned to a
group is defined by the group size, this does not mean that all channels
associated with a group have to be utilized. For example, if a Model 5422A is
configured to provide four groups of eight channels each, the first and second
groups could have five talk/listen channels routed to them while the third and
fourth groups could have just three talk/listen channels routed to them. The
unused channels in a group don’t contribute any noise or audio artifacts. They
are simply “spare” and available for future use, allowing additional
talk/listen channels to be routed to them as needed. Groups are just resources
that allow talk/listen channels on compatible devices to be linked together. A
group size just defines the maximum number of device channels that can be part
of a set of users that can talk and listen among themselves.
As an example, if one group of 32 channels is selected (32) then a maximum
number of 32 of talk/listen channels from Dante-compatible devices can be
routed (Dante subscribed) to the group. This would equate to up to 32 of the
Studio Technologies’ Model 372A or Model 373A single-channel beltpacks being
able to function together in what for the users would be a party-line (PL) or
shared communication channel or circuit. If, as another example, an
application required that sixteen of the 2-channel Model 370A or Model 371A
beltpacks needed to work together to support two independent party-line
channels, then a Model 5422A channel configuration choice of two 16-channel
groups (16, 16) would be appropriate.
When deploying a PL circuit, it’s important to note that two channels are
associated with each intercom channel of a Model 5422A group. The Dante
transmitter (output) channel of an intercom device will be routed (Dante
subscribed) to a Dante receiver (input) channel on a group that has been
configured for Party-Line w/ Audio Mix operation. The specific Dante
transmitter (output) channel associated with that group must be
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routed to the listen input on that specific intercom device. So, for example,
if Dante transmitter (output) channel one of a Studio Technologies’ Model 371A
Dante Beltpack is routed to input 02 of a Model 5422A PL group, then that
group’s output 02 must be routed to the receiver (input) of channel one of the
Model 370A. Output 02 is the mix-minus signal that channel one of this
specific Model 371A requires for correct operation; no other device should
utilize output 02.
Restated for clarity, for correct PL operation to take place one, and only
one, pair of channels (one “talk” and one “listen”) from an intercom user
device must be routed (Dante subscribed) to one pair of channels (one “listen”
and one “talk”) on a Model 5422A PL group. These routes must be made to
associated channel pairs on both the Dante beltpack or intercom station
devices and Model 5422A PL channels.
Party-line (PL) channel routing (Dante subscribing) is the main area of
confusion when users first encounter a Model 5422A. But after some study and
experimentation the process should become clear. It’s important to remember
that when associating an intercom device to a PL channel on a Model 5422A PL
group always involves routing (Dante subscribing) two channels. Two routes
(Dante subscriptions) will always be made to add an intercom channel to a
Model 5422A PL group. A Dante transmitter (output) channel that has “talk”
audio from the intercom device needs to be routed to the input on a PL group.
The associated Dante transmitter (output) channel on the same PL group (the
specific mix-minus output) needs to be routed to the input on the intercom
device. Without routing both channels, PL functionality will not be achieved.
Another suggestion is that unless one is experienced with how the Model 5422A
creates PL, start by creating a small implementation. Don’t try to route
(Dante subscribe) a large number of channels or user devices at one time. The
complexity will make it very difficult to achieve the desired result. Begin by
creating the world’s smallest PL intercom. Link one channel between two user
devices. Try the sidetone function on the two user devices. Turn off sidetone
and ensure that each user device is getting a “mix-minus” — each should hear
the other but not itself. Then set sidetone to the desired level. Get that
functioning correctly and you’ll understand the basics. Only then move on to
adding additional user devices. Spending one or two hours experimenting with these topics will help to fully understanding what’s going on. From there you’ll be ready to implement whatever your final application requires.
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Party-Line
This operating mode is identical to the Party-Line w/Auto Mix operating mode
with the exception that the Auto Mix function is not active. Studio
Technologies recommends that in most cases the Auto Mix function be active.
But for special applications or test purpose this mode might be appropriate.
Refer to the previous section for details on party-line operation.
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Summing Bus w/Auto Mix
This operating mode allows two or more Dante receiver (input) audio signals to
be summed (combined, mixed, or added). This mode can be considered as
implementing a “unity” gain mixing amplifier or “mix bus” function. However,
some flexibility is available. The level of each input can be adjusted over a
range of ±20 dB as configured using the receiver (input) channel configuration
functions. The resulting output of signal mix is provided on multiple Dante
transmitter (output) channels. To maximize signal intelligibility, the
contribution of each input signal is automatically adjusted using the Auto Mix
function. This function is implemented within the Model 5422A programmable
logic and was discussed in previous sections.
One Summing Bus w/Auto Mix section can be configured as active for each Model 5422A group. As such, the number of input and output channels depends on the selected group size. A group size of 4 would provide four Dante receiver (input) channels. These channels would be combined and output by way of four Dante transmitter (output) channels. A group size of 32 would provide 32 Dante receiver (input) channels whose signals would combine and be output on 32 Dante transmitter (output) channels.
While the output of the summing bus is made available on multiple Dante
transmitter (output) channels, flexibility in nominal level is provided. The
content of the signals available on each of the Dante transmitter (output)
channels of a group is the same. But the level of each output can be adjusted
over a ±20 dB range using the transmitter (output) configuration function.
Any one of the outputs can be routed (Dante subscribed) to multiple Dante
receivers (inputs) on associated equipment. Or a function’s multiple outputs
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can be routed (Dante subscribed) to the one or more Dante receivers (inputs)
on multiple products. Installer preference and the required nominal level will
dictate how the Dante transmitter (output) channels will be utilized. The
overall connection limitation is really the number of supported Dante flows,
which in the case of the Model 5422A is 32. (In most cases, a Dante flow will
consist of a connection that supports up to four audio channels.)
The Summing Bus w/Auto Mix operating mode can be useful for a variety of on-
air, IFB-related (talent cueing), production, and general-audio applications.
With the inclusion of Auto Mix functionality this operating mode can make the
Model 5422A an important part of an application that needs a means of
combining multiple audio sources with automatic control over the signal “mix.”
To achieve this has, in the past, typically required the use of a stand-alone
audio processor, portable analog-supporting mixer unit, or digital plug-in.
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Summing Bus
This operating mode allows Dante receiver (input) audio signals to be summed
(combined, mixed, or added). This mode can be considered as implementing a
“unity” gain mixing amplifier or “mix bus” function. The resulting output
signal is provided on multiple Dante transmitter (output) channels. For
flexibility the input and output levels can be adjusted over a ±20 dB range
using the receiver (input) and transmitter (output) functions.
This mode is identical to the Summing Bus w/Auto Mix operating mode with the
exception that the Auto Mix function is not active.
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Pass-Thru
This operating mode allows one Dante receiver (input) audio signal to be
routed directly to another Dante transmitter (output) channel. The same audio
data that arrives on the input channel is sent to the output channel; nothing
is added or removed. The Pass-Thru operating mode is primarily provided as a
Dante flow “expander.” (A Dante flow is typically a group of up to four audio
channels that are connected from one Dante-compatible device to another. All
Dante devices support a fixed number of flows, some as low as four while
others have 64 or even more.) The Pass-Thru operating mode can also be useful
for interfacing Dante transmitter (output) channels that are not compatible
with the Dante Domain Manager (DDM) application with Dante receiver (input)
channels that do require DDM compatibility. (All Model 5422A Dante connections
are DDM compatible.) Finally, Pass-Thru channels allow adjustment of a
signal’s nominal level. (Each Dante receiver (input) and transmitter (output)
channel allows a gain adjustment of ±20 dB.)
Dante interfaces, such as ones that utilize the popular 2-in/2-out or 4-in/4-out UltimoTM integrated circuit, are limited to just four flows, two in each direction. This will restrict the number of destinations that a Dante transmitter (output) channel associated with an Ultimo-based interface that can be routed (Dante subscribed) to a maximum of two. The Model 5422A uses a Brooklyn module to implement its Dante interface. This module supports a maximum of 64 Dante flows, 32 in each direction. As such, using the Model 5422A’s Pass-Thru operating mode would allow flow-limited devices to take advantage of the Model 5422A’s larger flow resources. In the broadcast world the Pass-Thru operating mode can be considered to be a special Dante flow “distribution amplifier” function.
A practical application would be to allow the Dante transmitter (output) channels provided by Studio Technologies’ products that utilize the Ultimo integrated circuit to interconnect with more than two devices. For example, the popular Model 204/205/206-series of announcer’s console units utilize Ultimo to implement their Dane interfaces. As such, Dante transmitter (output) channels associated with these announcer’s consoles can only be routed (Dante subscribed) to two unique destinations. This can be a problem for some applications, especially with the 4-channel Model 206. However, a solution to this limitation is quite simple to achieve. By first routing (Dante subscribing) these Dante transmitter (output) channels through sections associated with the Pass-Thru operating mode the
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number of flows is now limited to that provided by the Model 5422A. The flow
limitation of two has been “expanded” to 32! The audio signal from the
announcer’s console can now be routed (Dante subscribed) to as many
destinations as is practically required.
Each Pass-Thru section uses one Dante receiver (input) channel and one Dante
transmitter (output) channel. The number of Pass-Thru sections provided by a
Model 5422A group depends on the selected group size. A group size of 4 would
provide four independent Pass-Thru sections. A group size of 32 would provide
32 independent Pass-Thru sections.
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IFB (1 Int-in)
This operating mode is provided so that a broadcast-type talent cue (IFB or
interrupted foldback) signal can be created from two Dante audio sources. One
source serves as the interrupt signal while the second source is considered to
be program. The Model 5422A implements IFB (1 Int-in) such that both program
with interrupt and program only channels are created. The action of IFB (1
Int-in) is controlled using the audio signal that arrives in the Dante
receiver (input) audio channel specified for interrupt. This audio source can
be either voice-only or voice-with-high-frequency audio. A voice-only
interrupt signal would use the Model 5422A’s voice-operated (VOX) detection
resources. The tone-operated (TOX) method detects the presence of an “in-band”
high-frequency tone (typically an 18 or 20 kHz sine-wave signal) which is used
to trigger or “key” the IFB (1 Int-in) function. No external IFB activation
data or hardware signal is required.
Each IFB (1 Int-in) section uses two Dante receiver (input) channels and two Dante transmitter (output) channels. One Dante receiver (input) channel is designated for use by the interrupt audio source while the other receiver channel is designated as the program audio source. One Dante transmitter (output) channel is designated as the program with interrupt (“interrupt”) channel and the other as the non-interrupt (“program” or “program only”) channel. The number of IFB (1 Int-in) sections provided by a Model 5422A group depends on the selected group size. A group size of 4 would provide two independent IFB (1 Int-in) sections. A group size of 32 would provide 16 independent IFB (1 Int-in) sections.
The audio signal connected to the Dante receiver (input) channel that is designated for interrupt serves two purposes. The first purpose is that it is monitored to determine if it is active. An active interrupt input can be configured to be detected as either the presence of audio within the voice band (VOX) or the presence of high-frequency content (TOX). When the interrupt input is detected as on (active) the interrupt audio source is automatically routed to the program with interrupt Dante output channel. If TOX is selected as the interrupt detection method the interrupt audio is first sent through a low-pass-filter function before it is routed to the program with interrupt output. (This removes the high-frequency interrupt “trigger” content
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preventing it from being sent to a user.) Whenever the interrupt input is not
detected as being on (determined to be off) the interrupt audio source is not
routed to an output channel.
The Dante receiver (input) source that is designated as program audio is
always routed to the Dante transmitter (output) program audio channel. This
signal doesn’t change and provides the IFB (1 Int-in) function’s non-interrupt
(“program” or “program only”) audio channel. When the interrupt audio source
is not detected as being active (interrupt off state) the program audio input
signal is also routed, at full level, to the Dante transmitter (output)
program with interrupt channel. When the interrupt audio source is detected as
being active (on) the level of the program audio source as it is routed to the
program with interrupt channel will be impacted by the configured IFB Dim
value. This can range from 0 dB (no level change) to a full mute (fully
attenuated). Between those extremes dim (attenuation) values of 10, 15, and 20
dB are available. Details regarding the IFB Dim value will be reviewed in a
later section.
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IFB (3 Int-in)
The IFB (3-Int-in) operating mode is provided such that an IFB (talent cue)
signal can be created from one program and up to three interrupt Dante audio
sources. It’s very similar to the previously discussed IFB (1 Int-in) mode
with the difference being that this mode allows connection of up to three
independent interrupt inputs. This allows multiple sources of “talk audio” to
serve as interrupt sources without the need for sub-mixing or otherwise
combining the independent interrupt audio signals. And for optimal
performance, this IFB mode also ensures that detection (“triggering”) will
take place independently for each of the three inputs. The Model 5422A
implements the IFB (3 Int-in) mode such that both a program with interrupt and
program-only output channels are created.
Separate IFB detection resources are provided for the three Dante receiver
(input) audio channels specified for interrupt. Detection for all three of the
interrupt inputs will take place using either the voice-operated (VOX) or
voice-operated (TOX) method. With the latter method, a high-frequency tone
(typically an 18 or 20 kHz sine-wave signal) is used to trigger or “key” the
IFB function. No external interrupt active data or hardware signal is
required.
The Model 5422A’s IFB (3 Int-in) mode was specifically implemented so that professional talent cue (IFB) signals could be created using multiple Dante interrupt audio sources. As with the other IFB mode, this allows support for both local and REMI/At-Home applications without the need for matrix intercom systems or extensive hardware. Compatibility is provided such that up to three independent sources of interrupt audio can be directly used to create the IFB function. For example, three of the Studio Technologies Model 348 Intercom Stations could serve as the IFB interrupt audio sources without needing to “pre-mix” their audio channels.
Each IFB (3 Int-in) section uses four Dante receiver (input) channels and two Dante transmitter (output) channels. In addition, each group has two Dante transmitter (output) channels that are specified as unavailable. Three Dante receiver (input) channels are designated for use as interrupt audio sources. The fourth receiver channel is designated as the program audio source. For the two IFB outputs, one Dante transmitter (output) channel is designated to be the program with interrupt (“interrupt”) channel while the other serves as the non-interrupt (“program” or “program only”) channel. The number of IFB sections that
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can be provided by a Model 5422A depends on the selected group size. A group
size of 4 channels would provide one IFB (3 Int-in) section. A group size of
32 channels would provide 8 independent IFB (3 Int-in) sections.
Each audio signal that is connected to a Dante receiver (input) channel that
is designated for interrupt is used for two purposes. The first purpose is
that it is monitored to determine if it is active. As a group, the three
interrupt inputs can be configured to be detected as active by either the
presence of audio within the voice band (VOX) or the presence of high-
frequency content in the audio channel (TOX). When an interrupt input is
detected as on (active) that specific interrupt audio source automatically
routes to the program with interrupt output channel. If TOX is selected as the
interrupt detection method, each interrupt audio signal is sent through a low-
pass-filter function before it is routed to the program with interrupt output
channel. This removes the high-frequency interrupt “trigger” content,
preventing it from being sent to a user. Whenever an interrupt input is not
detected as being on (considered to be in the off state) that specific
interrupt audio source is not routed to any output. If more than one input is
detected as being on (active) the interrupt audio signals are combined
(summed) and then routed to the program with interrupt output channel. In this
way, one, two, or all three interrupt input audio sources can be utilized as
IFB interrupt sources.
The program audio input source that is routed (Dante subscribed) to the
designated Dante receiver (input) channel is always routed to the Dante
transmitter (output) program audio channel. This signal doesn’t change and
provides the IFB (3 Int-in) function’s non-interrupt (“program” or “program
only”) audio channel. When all three of the interrupt audio sources are
detected as not being active (interrupt off state) the program audio input
signal is also routed, at full level, to the Dante transmitter (output)
program with interrupt channel. When one, two, or all three of the interrupt
audio sources are detected as being active (on) the level of the program audio
source as it is routed to the program with interrupt channel will be impacted
by the configured IFB Dim value. This can range from 0 dB (no level change) to
a full mute (fully attenuated). Between those extremes dim (attenuation)
values of 10, 15, and 20 dB are available.
IFB Parameters
The three IFB parameters apply to both the IFB (1 Intin) and IFB (3 Int-in)
operating modes. These settings apply to all IFB sections that are established
within a specific audio engine. For example, the Model 5422A01 would have one
set of settings for the IFB Detection Mode, Dim Level, and VOX Minimum On
Time. These would apply to that unit’s one 32-channel audio engine. In the
Model 5422A-02, there would be two sets of settings, one set for each
32-channel audio engine.
Detection Mode
Choices are: Voice-Operated (VOX), Tone-Operated (TOX).
This choice selects whether interrupt activity will be detected using the
voice-operated (VOX) function or the tone-operated (TOX) function, both of
which are implemented in the digital domain within the Model 5422A’s logic
circuitry. When selected for VOX, interrupt activity is detected when voice-
band audio is present within the interrupt audio source. Specifically, audio
content from approximately 225 to 1250 Hz at a level of 44 dBFS or greater
would be detected as being active. When selected for TOX, interrupt activity
is present when high-frequency audio content is detected in the interrupt
audio channel. Essentially any sine-wave or square-wave signal with a
frequency in the range of 15 to 22 kHz and a signal level of approximately 22
dBFS or greater can serve as the control signal. (See the Specifications
section for the exact VOX and TOX performance parameters.)
There are a number of different ways that a TOXcompatible high-frequency audio
signal can be created. Several Studio Technologies’ products will generate an
18 or 20 kHz sine-wave that is part of a Dante transmitter (output) audio
signal. For example, each button on the Model 348 Intercom Station can be
independently configured to cause an 18 or 20 kHz tone to be generated. The
Model 544D Audio Interface allows a contract closure to generate a 20 kHz tone
that’s part of a Dante transmitter (output) channel. It’s also expected that
Studio Technologies will offer a simple product that will allow contract
closures (GPI signals) to cause high-frequency sine-wave tones to be generated
on Dante transmitter (output) channels. In this way, legacy products that
offer contact closure (or even logic signals) can be used to control one or
more Model 5422A Audio Switching sections.
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Dim Level
Choices are: 0 dB, 10 dB, 15 dB, 20 dB, Full Mute.
This value determines the amount of attenuation, if any, that will be applied
to the Dante program audio source when an IFB interrupt function is active.
When 0 dB is selected the level of the program audio channel will not change
when interrupt is active. The interrupt audio will simply be added (mixed or
summed) with the program audio. When Full Mute is selected the program audio
source level will fully attenuate whenever interrupt activity is detected.
When 10 dB, 15 dB, or 20 dB is selected the program audio source will dim
(attenuate or reduce in level) by the selected amount. No matter what choice
is selected, audio signals associated with the dim function will always change
levels without the addition of audio artifacts; the function is “click free.”
The same preservation of audio signal quality will also apply to the interrupt
audio signals as they change from the off-to-on and on-to-off states.
In most broadcast applications, when interrupt is active it is desirable for
the level of the program audio source to be reduced in level but not fully
mute. In these situations, 15 dB is typically an effective value. However,
there are other situations where selection of 0 dB (no attenuation) or even
Full Mute would be appropriate. As an example, for audio-with-picture Foley
(sound effects) applications selecting 0 dB (no attenuation) would typically
be desired. This would allow audio cues (from a producer or director) to be
communicated to the Foley artists without impacting the program audio signal.
Another example is on-air news applications where IFB signals are often
utilized in environments where high ambient audio levels are present. In this
case, the full mute setting can be effective. This would allow interrupt audio
to “cut through” to on-air talent, minimizing the chance of confusion taking
place when alternately listening to program audio content and interrupt
(“cue”) audio.
VOX Minimum On Time
Choices are: Short (400 ms), Medium (800 ms), Long (1200 ms).
This setting allows selection of the minimum time required for a voice-
operated (VOX) interrupt to go from its active (on) state to its inactive
(off) state. In essence, this parameter defines how “long” there must be
silence in the interrupt audio signal before a VOX
interrupt moves to its disabled (off) state. The goal of this parameter is to
ensure that the VOX interrupt function won’t turn off during the time that
valid interrupt audio is present. In most cases, the Short (400
ms) setting will be fine. But in certain cases, Medium (800 ms) or Long (1200
ms) may be appropriate. The
correct setting relates to the language being utilized
and the characteristics of the specific “talkers.” (By “talkers” we are
referring to human beings speaking a language with a specific set of
characteristics.)
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Audio Switching (1-in/2-out)
This operating mode allows one Dante receiver (input) audio signal to be
routed between two Dante transmitter (output) channels. One output is normally
on (active) and the other normally off (inactive). When an associated high-
frequency control signal is off (not active) the audio source associated with
the audio input is routed to the normally on audio output; no audio signal is
sent to the normally off audio output. When an associated control signal is on
(active) the audio input signal is routed to the normally off audio output; no
audio signal is sent to the normally on audio output. The switching is
performed in a “click-free” manner, ensuring a “clean” transition between the
audio being sent to the normally on and audio being sent to the normally off
Dante transmitter (output) channels.
The Audio Switching (1-in/2-out) operating mode can be considered to be a
function that emulates a singlepole-double-throw relay or switch contact. It
might also be thought of as being similar to a form-C relay contact. However,
a significant difference is that the audio path is not bi-directional. Audio
arrives on a Dante receiver (input) channel and exits via one or the other of
the two Dante transmitter (output) channels.
Each Audio Switching (1-in/2-out) section uses two Dante receiver (input)
channels and two Dante transmitter (output) channels. One Dante receiver
(input) channel is used as the source of the audio signal that is routed
(connected) to either the normally on and normally off Dante transmitter
(output) channels. An independent control signal determines which output is
active. The control signal arrives in the form of a high-frequency tone on a
separate Dante receiver (input) audio channel. The state of the control signal
is based on a tone-operated (TOX) function, technically identical to that
utilized by the IFB operating mode when selected for the TOX detection mode.
Each
Audio Switching (1-in/2-out) section incorporates an independent tone-operated
(TOX) detection resource which provides a highly reliable means of selecting
the function’s on or off state. As expected, by utilizing a Dante source the
same signal can be used to control one or more Audio Switching (1-in/2-out)
sections.
The number of Audio Switching (1-in/2-out) sections provided by a Model 5422A
group depends on the selected group size. A group size of 4 would provide 2
independent Audio Switching (1-in/2-out) sections. A group size of 32 would
provide 16 independent Audio Switching (1-in/2-out) sections.
The Audio Switching (1-in/2-out) operating mode can be useful for a variety of
audio switching, routing, or muting functions. One or more Dante audio
channels can be routed to two destinations. As an example, this could be
useful for applications such as supporting two multi-channel loudspeaker
systems. The Audio Switching (1-in/2-out) operating mode can also be used to
control the on/off state of one or more Dante audio
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signals. In this way, a multi-channel audio muting group could be easily
created. In all cases, the switching action will be “click free,” changing
states without the addition of any audio artifacts.
It’s simple to create a multi-channel audio switching or muting function. In
this way, a multi-channel audio signal, such as audio channels associated with
a 5.1 or 7.1.4 surround format, can be controlled using just one control
signal. Begin by selecting the group size needed to support the required
number of Audio Switching (1-in/2-out) sections. For example, to support a
7.1.4 signal one would need 12 sections (7+1+4) which would in turn require a
24-channel group. As such, selecting a channels-per-group configuration of 24,
8 would make sense. This would make Group A consist of 24 channels and select
Audio Switching (1-in/ 2-out) as its operating mode. Using Dante Controller
route (Dante subscribe) the Dante transmitter (output) sources associated with
the 7.1.4 signal to the 12 audio inputs associated with the 12 Audio Switching
(1-in/ 2-out) sections. Depending on the desired application, use Dante
Controller to route (Dante subscribe) the 12 normally on or 12 normally off
signals to the desired Dante receiver (input) channels on the designated audio
equipment. Finally, route (Dante subscribe) the one Dante control signal to
all 12 control inputs on the 12 Audio Switching (1-in/2-out) sections. There
is no problem using the same Dante transmitter (output) channel and routing it
to multiple control inputs. These steps are all that is required. Now, voila,
a single control signal will simultaneously control the routing of 12 audio
channels!
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Audio Switching (2-in/1-out)
The Audio Switching (2-in/1-out) operating mode allows two Dante receiver
(input) audio signals to be routed to one Dante transmitter (output) channel;
only one input would be active at any one time. When the associated high-
frequency control signal is off (not active) audio input source 1 will be
routed to the audio output; audio input source 2 will not be routed to the
audio output. When the associated control signal is on (active), audio input 2
will be routed to the audio output; audio input 1 will not be routed to the
audio output. The switching is performed in a “click-free” manner, ensuring a
“clean” transition as the source for the output channel transitions between
the two audio inputs.
Each Audio Switching (2-in/1-out) section uses four Dante receiver (input) channels and four Dante transmitter (output) channels. Two Dante receiver (input) channel are used as the audio signal sources that are routed to the Dante transmitter (output) channel. An independent control signal, connected to a third Dante receiver (input) channel, determines which input is actively sent to the output. The control signal arrives in the form of a high-frequency tone on its own Dante receiver (input) audio channel. The state of the control signal is based on a tone-operated (TOX) function, technically identical to that utilized by the IFB operating mode when selected for the TOX detection mode. Each Audio Switching (2-in/1-out) section incorporates an independent tone-operated (TOX) detection resource which provides a highly reliable means of selecting the function’s on or off state. As expected, by utilizing a Dante source the same signal can be used to control one or more Audio Switching (2-in/1-out) sections. The fourth Dante receiver (input) channel and the second through fourth Dante transmitter (output) channels associated with each Audio Switching (2-in/1out) section mode are not utilized.
The number of Audio Switching (2-in/1-out) sections provided by a Model 5422A
group depends on the selected group size. A group size of 4 would provide one
Audio Switching (2-in/1-out) section. A group size of 32 would provide eight
independent Audio Switching (2-in/1-out) sections. A Model 5422A-01 can
provide a maximum of eight Audio Switching (2-in/1-out) sections. A Model
5422A-02 can provide a maximum of 16.
The Audio Switching (2-in/1-out) section can be utilized in a wide variety of
audio switching functions. Each section allows two Dante audio sources to be
routed to a single destination. As an example, this could be useful for a
broadcast application where two on-air audio sources need to be routed, as
needed, to a broadcast center. A high-frequency audio signal would be used to
control which input is actively sent to the output. A multi-channel source
selector, whether for monoaural, stereo, or 5.1, could easily be created. And
the same control signal would be used to activate all the sections. In all
cases, the switching action will be “click free,” changing input routing
without the addition of any audio artifacts.
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Channel Configuration
The Channel Configuration webpage associated with each audio engine considers
a “channel” to consist of both a Dante receiver (input) and a Dante
transmitter (output) channel. These channel pairs typically share a common
label (name) that can be revised as desired for an application. The gain of
the receiver (input) and transmitter (output) paths can also be independently
configured. This “trim” capability can be useful, ensuring that the nominal
level of the audio paths that route between the Model 5422A and other Dante-
compatible equipment is optimal.
Channel Label (Rx/Tx): As previously discussed, Dante Controller can be used
to edit channel labels. When using Dante Controller, separate entries are
required for the receiver (input) and transmitter (output) channel labels.
This would lead to needing to edit up to 64 entries (32 input and 32 output)
for each Model 5422A audio engine. However, each audio engine’s Channel
Configuration webpage provides a “smart” channel labeling method, making audio
channel routing (Dante subscribing) and identifying channels on a network
clear and easy to manage. Using this method only one label has to be specified
for each channel pair.
Each label is made up of three sections: a unique prefix, a group label, and
an individual channel label. The prefix is three characters long. The first
character shows which group the channel belongs to (A thru H
for audio engine 1; J thru R for audio engine 2). The next two characters
provide a numerical index that identifies the channel number in the group.
After a delimiting dash (-) the group label is appended to the unique prefix.
When a group is configured for the Party-Line w/Auto Mix, Party-Line, Summing
Bus w/Auto Mix, Summing Bus, or Pass Thru operating modes, the group labels
can be configured as desired. The default label is Group A for Group A, Group
B for Group B, etc. Selecting and entering commonly utilized group labels can
be useful for identifying specific Model 5422A functions. This might include
Production, Engineering, Lighting, etc. These group labels can be up to 14
characters in length.
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DANTE INTERCOM AUDIO ENGINE
The group labels are not configurable for the IFB and Audio Switching
operating modes. In these modes a group label is used to define which IFB or
Audio Switch channel pair the channel belongs to within the group and the
function of each channel. For example, IFB1 for channels 1 and 2 in an IFB
group or SW2 for channels 3 and 4 in an Audio Switching group. Following the
channel-pair identifier label the specific function of the channel is shown.
This will be Int In or Pgm In for the IFB receiver (input) channels and
Pgm+Int or Non Int for the IFB transmitter (output) channels. For the Audio
Switching operating mode the labels would be Audio or Control for the receiver
(input) channels and Norm On or Norm Off for the transmitter (output)
channels.
Lastly, an individual channel label can be appended to the Dante Channel
Label. This is handled on the Audio Engine Channel Configuration webpage for
each audio engine. The second column in the table shows the complete channel
label and includes a text input box that can be used to view or change the
individual channel label. Up to 12 characters can be entered. Dante receiver
(input) and transmitter (output) channels in the Party-Line, Summing Bus, and
Pass Thru operating mode groups have identical channel labels. The default
individual channel labels for the non IFB and Audio Switching groups are Ch1,
Ch2, Ch3, etc. This field can be used to label each channel with its intended
user. i.e. Talent 1, Play-by-Play, Larry, Sergio, etc.
For the IFB and Audio Switching operating mode groups a single channel label
is applied to each channel pair. This is because each IFB and Audio Switching
section is comprised of two input and two output channels. The default labels
for these groups, for example, are IFB1 and SW2.
As previously discussed, channel labels can also be edited using the Dante
Controller software application. But information entered using Dante
Controller is not passed to the Model 5422A’s webpage interface. This data
could be overwritten when modifying channel labels from the M5422A’s webpages.
Using the Clear Config function within Dante Controller will erase all Dante
channel labels in the Model 5422A. It is recommended to subsequently use the
restore factory defaults in the Model 5422A’s system webpage to re-populate
the “smart” channel labels in the unit. Also note, changing the Channels per
Group setting on the
Audio Engine Group Configuration page will reset all associated Dante channel
labels and will force all audio routes (Dante subscriptions) to be removed.
The Channel Configuration webpages have multiple Submit buttons. These are
provided adjacent to entry fields and should be activated each time a change
has been made. Changes will not be stored if the appropriate Submit button has
not be “pressed.”
Receiver (Input) Gain (±dB): The nominal level of each Dante receiver (input)
channel can be adjusted over a range of ±20 dB in 1-dB steps. Adjust the level
as desired to optimize the performance of an application. Consider carefully
whether a channel’s receiver gain really needs to be adjusted! In most cases,
maintaining the default value (0 dB) will be optimal. Adding gain (a positive
number) can reduce the headroom available to a signal within both the Model
5422A and the overall system. Attenuating the signal (a negative number) can
slightly increase the noise floor of the overall system. A Submit button,
located on the far right of each row, must be used to store a gain change.
Transmitter (Output) Gain (±dB): The nominal level of each Dante transmitter
(output) channel can be adjusted over a range of ±20 dB in 1-dB steps. Adjust
the level as desired to optimize the performance of an application. Consider
carefully whether a channel’s transmitter gain really needs to be adjusted! In
most cases, maintaining the default value (0 dB) will be optimal. Adding gain
(a positive number) can reduce the headroom available to a signal within both
the Model 5422A and the overall system. Attenuating the signal (a negative
number) can slightly increase the noise floor of the overall system. A Submit
button, located on the far right of each row, must be used to store a gain
change.
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Network Menu
Model 5422A
DANTE INTERCOM AUDIO ENGINE
Current Network Information
Each Model 5422A has three Ethernet interfaces: Dante Primary, Dante
Secondary, and Management. Three columns, each consisting of four fields,
provides important network information about the interfaces. If the Dante
network configuration has be selected for Switched operation, then the Dante
Secondary port will be disabled and the text Disabled will show.
IP Address: These are display-only fields that show the IP addresses actively
associated with the ports. Shown in dot-decimal notation.
Subnet Mask: These are display-only fields that show the subnet mask values
actively associated with the ports. Shown in dot-decimal notation.
Gateway: These are display-only fields that show the gateway addresses
actively associated with the ports. Shown in dot-decimal notation.
MAC Address: These are display-only fields that show the MAC (media access
control) addresses associated with the ports. These are unique hardware
identification numbers that are assigned to each specific Model 5422A port.
Switch Configuration This is a display-only field that shows the current
configuration of the Model 5422A’s three Ethernet ports. They located on the
back panel and are named Dante primary, Dante secondary, and management. The
field will show Switched, Redundant, Switched+Mgmt, or Redundant+Mgmt. The
configuration setting can be changed using the Dante Controller application.
Details regarding the four configuration possibilities are covered in an
earlier section of this guide.
Management Interface Configuration The method used by the management port to
obtain its IP address can be selected. Specific values can be entered should
the manual IP address selection method be chosen.
IP Configuration: This is a configurable field with two choices: Automatic and
Manual. It impacts how the Model 5422A obtains the IP address that is used for
accessing the Model 5422A’s management web server and associated menu
webpages. This setting has no impact on how the Model 5422A obtains the
primary and secondary IP addresses that are associated with its Dante Ethernet
connections.
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Selecting Automatic will cause the Model 5422A to use DHCP or IPv4 link-local
to establish the IP address for accessing the Model 5422A’s management port.
With this setting, upon establishing a link to the Model 5422A’s management
RJ45 jack the DHCP protocol will request an IP address and related parameters.
If obtaining an IP address by way of a DHCP server is not successful then the
IPv4 link-local protocol will be used. If the established IP address has the
format of 169.254.x.x then it was assigned using the IPv4 link-local.
Even if the management IP address was established using link-local the DHCP
protocol will stay active. The Model 5422A’s firmware will continue to check
for the presence of a DHCP server. If one becomes available then an IP address
will be requested and, when obtained, will automatically be used, replacing
the IP address that was previously established by link-local.
The Manual setting allows the desired IP address and related parameters for
the management port to be manually entered. This can be useful when a fixed
addressing scheme has been established. In this way, a “static” IP address can
be entered along with the other important network parameters.
When selected for Automatic the fields for Manual IP Address, Manual Subnet
Mask, and Manual Gateway will be “grayed out” (will have a gray background) to
indicate that their values cannot be manually changed. In this condition, they
are display-only. Changing between Automatic and Manual and vice-versa will
not impact the values stored in the Manual IP Address, Manual Subnet Mask, and
Manual Gateway fields. Note that the front-panel display and associated
pushbutton switches can also be used to revise the Model 5422A’s management IP
address configuration.
Note that to minimize the chance of losing access to the Model 5422A’s
management web server, restoring the unit’s factory defaults will not change
the currently selected IP configuration choice.
Manual IP Address: This field is grayed out and will not show any text when
the IP configuration mode is selected for Automatic. When the IP configuration
is selected for Manual, this field will show the IP address that is stored
within the Model 5422A. This is the IP address that is currently being used,
or will be used at the time of the next Ethernet management connection
reboot. This IP address allows access to the Model 5422A’s management web
server and associated menu webpages. It has nothing to do with the IP
addresses associated with the primary and secondary Dante Ethernet
connections.
The manual IP address can be modified as desired to meet the requirements of
the application. After entering an IP address using the standard dot-decimal
notation format (four octets separated by dots) the Submit button must be
pressed for the changes to be stored. Restoring the Model 5422A to its default
values will not change the stored IP address. A system reboot is required for
a revised manual IP address to be utilized. Note that the front-panel display
and associated pushbutton switches can also be used to revise the Model
5422A’s manual IP address (although it is less convenient).
Manual Subnet Mask: This field is grayed out when the IP configuration mode is
selected for Automatic. This field will be display-only in this instance and
will show an IPv4 subnet mask value in dot-decimal notation (four octets
separated by dots) if the current IP address and related network parameters
were obtained by way of DHCP. This is the subnet mask that is being used by
the unit’s management web server. If the IP configuration mode is selected for
Automatic and the current IP address was obtained by way of link-local then a
subnet mask address of 255.255.0.0 will be shown in this field.
When the IP configuration mode is selected for Manual the manual subnet mask
field will not be grayed out. In this situation, the stored subnet mask will
be shown and can be modified as desired to meet the requirements of the
application. The value shown is the subnet mask that is currently in use, or
will be used at the time of the next Ethernet management connection reboot.
After entering the desired subnet mask value using the standard dot-decimal
notation format (four octets separated by dots) the submit button must be
pressed for the change to be stored. A system reboot is required for the
revised subnet mask value to be utilized. Note that the front-panel display
and associated pushbutton switches can also be used to revise the Model
5422A’s management subnet mask. Restoring the Model 5422A to its default
values will not change the stored manual subnet mask value.
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Manual Gateway: This field is grayed out when the IP configuration mode is
selected for Automatic. This field will be display-only in this instance and
will show an IPv4 gateway IP address in dot-decimal notation (four octets
separated by dots) if the current IP address and related network parameters
were obtained by way of DHCP. This is the gateway IP address that is being
used by the Model 5422A’s management web server.
If the IP address configuration mode is selected for Automatic and the current
IP address was obtained by way of link-local no gateway IP address will be
shown in this field. This is because no gateway IP address is associated with
link-local.
When the IP configuration mode is selected for Manual the gateway IP address
field will not be grayed out. In this situation, the stored gateway IP address
will be shown and can be modified as desired to meet the requirements of the
application.
The shown value is the gateway IP address that is currently in use, or will be
used at the time of the next Ethernet management connection reboot. After
entering a gateway IP address using the standard dot-decimal notation format
(four octets separated by dots) the submit button must be pressed for a change
to be stored. A system reboot is required for the revised gateway IP address
to be utilized. Restoring the Model 5422A’s default values will not change the
stored gateway IP address value.
Submit: A submit button is located near the bottom of the Network menu
webpage. For any changes made to fields to the Network configuration to be
saved the submit button must be pressed.
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Access Menu
As a security method both a valid user name and password must be entered
before the configuration webpages can be accessed. (This is what you did to
get this far!) These values can be changed as desired.
The Model 5422A’s access security method is in no way rigorous. The user name
and password are sent to and received from the Model 5422A as plain text. They
are also stored within the Model 5422A as plain text. There is no security
method or encryption associated with these fields. Anyone “snooping” on the
LAN that is transporting Model 5422A management data will see all values in
plain text. The ability to select a “custom” user name and password pair is
intended simply to provide a means of keeping “honest” users from easily
changing the configuration of a Model 5422A. If unauthorized access is of
concern, then it’s recommended that the Model 5422A’s network configuration be
selected for Switched or Redundant. And then an Ethernet connection to the
Model 5422A’s management RJ45 jack should not be present except when menu-
system access by authorized personnel is desired.
The default user name is guest and the default password is guest. These are
case sensitive. If neither of the default entries are changed then they will
show in the User Name and Password entry fields on the Login menu webpage. If
the default user name and/or default password are changed then neither the
user name nor the password will be shown upon accessing the Login menu
webpage.
Management Log Credentials
User Name: In this field, a revised user name can be entered. The user name
must be a minimum of five characters, a maximum of 15 characters, and is case
sensitive. All 95 of the printable ASCII characters can be used. These include
upper and lower alphabetic characters, numbers, and standard punctuation
marks.
New Password: In this field, a revised password can be entered. The password
must be a minimum of five characters, have a maximum of 15 characters, and is
case sensitive. All 95 of the printable ASCII characters can be used. These
include upper and lower alphabetic characters, numbers, and standard
punctuation marks.
Confirm New Password: For a new password to be considered valid, enter it
identically into this field.
Submit: The Submit button is located below the field for Confirm New Password.
To save changes made to the User Name and/or New Password fields requires that
the Submit button be pressed. Changes made will be effective upon the next
attempt at logging into the Model 5422A. Restoring the Model 5422A to its
default values does not change the stored user name and password.
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System Menu
Model 5422A
DANTE INTERCOM AUDIO ENGINE
Serial Number: This is a display-only field that shows the Model 5422A’s
hardware serial number. A 5-digit number, it is assigned at the factory and
cannot be changed.
Version Information
Seven display-only fields show information about the firmware (embedded
software) that is currently loaded and operating in this specific Model 5422A.
Main Firmware: Two display-only fields show the version number and release
date of the Model 5422A’s Main firmware. This is the firmware that runs in the
Model 5422A’s microcontroller (MCU) integrated circuit. This firmware can be
updated using a USB flash drive. Details are provided in the Technical Notes
section.
FPGA firmware: Two display-only fields show the version number and release
date of the firmware used by the Model 5422A’s programmable logic (FPGA)
device. This is the firmware that runs in the Model 5422A’s high-speed logic
device. This firmware can be updated using a USB flash drive. Details are
provided in the Technical Notes section.
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Dante Product: Two display-only fields show the product version number and
date that’s contained in the Model 5422A’s Dante interface (Brooklyn module).
These numbers and dates are assigned by Studio Technologies as an identifier
when releasing a version of the Dante firmware. The firmware for the Model
5422A’s Dante interface can be updated by way of an Ethernet connection using
the Dante Updater software application that’s provided as part of the Dante
Controller software application.
Dante Firmware: This is a display-only field that shows the version number of
the firmware associated with the Dante interface (Brooklyn module) that the
Model 5422A utilizes for Dante interconnectivity (there is no associated
date). This version number is assigned by Audinate and can’t be changed by
Studio Technologies, Inc. As noted previously, the firmware for the Model
5422A’s Dante interface can be updated by way of an Ethernet connection using
the Dante Updater software application.
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DANTE INTERCOM AUDIO ENGINE
Restore Default Configuration: There are two check boxes associated with the
restore default configuration function. Either or both can be selected prior
to pressing the Submit button. Enabling the Operational Settings check box
allows all the Model 5422A’s configuration settings to be restored to their
factory default values with the exception of the management interface and user
access settings. The six configuration values associated with these two
functions will not change. Enabling the Management Interface and Access
Setting check box allows the Model 5422A’s configuration settings for the IP
Configuration method, Manual IP Address, Manual Subnet Mask, Manual Gateway,
User Name, and Password to be returned to their factory default values. Refer
to Appendix D for a list of the these values.
Submit: Once the Restore Default Settings check box has been enabled, pressing
the submit button will immediately cause many of the unit’s defaults to be
restored. Any changes that are made will immediately become effective.
System Reboot: A check box and a reboot button are provided in the System
Reboot section of this menu page. This function is provided to allow a user to
force the Model 5422A to restart operation. Any changes made to the network
configuration and/or user name and password settings will be in effect. Once
the Reboot check box has been enabled, pressing the Reboot button will cause
the Model 5422A to halt current operation and restart (“boot”) the unit.
Webpage Inactivity Timer/ Automatic Log Out
Once a web browser has successfully logged into the Model 5422A’s menu system
an inactivity timer will become active. If no configuration setting has been
changed, a webpage refreshed, or a webpage newly accessed for 15 minutes, the
user will automatically be logged out. Returning to the menu pages will
require the login procedure to be successfully completed.
Menu Text and Links
The following provides details on some of the text and links that are
presented on each of the Model 5422A’s webpages.
Device Name: In the upper-right corner of each Model 5422A webpage is the
Dante device name. This name is unique to each device in a Dante deployment
and is used as part of the channel routing (Dante subscribing) process. The
name can be changed from within the Dante Controller application.
Identify Device Link: In the upper-right corner of each webpage, directly
below the device name, is a link called Identify Device. Clicking on it will
cause the Dante identify action to commence on the specific Model 5422A. On
the unit’s front panel, the identify action will cause the front-panel
display’s backlight to flash five times. On the back panel, the identify
action will cause the LEDs associated with the primary and secondary Dante
ports to flash approximately eight times. The identify command will help
confirm that the desired Model 5422A is being accessed. Note that the Dante
Controller application also allows invoking of the identify command.
Company Name Link: On the bottom of each webpage is a link with the title
Studio Technologies, Inc. Clicking on this link will cause the browser to open
the Home webpage of the Studio Technologies website.
Log Out Link: In the upper-right edge of most of the Configuration menu
webpages is a link called Log Out. It will cause the Model 5422A’s web server
to end the session, logging out the user and returning to the basic Home menu.
To again access the configuration webpages requires that the user click on the
Login tab and provide a valid user name and password.
Operation
Now that the Model 5422A is installed and configured it’s ready for use.
Normally no operator intervention should be required. However, there are a
number of nuances in the unit’s operation. This may make it useful for
technical personnel to spend some time reviewing this section.
Upon application of AC mains or DC power, the Model 5422A will go through
several power-up sequences. The LED associated with the USB receptacle on the
unit’s back panel will briefly light green to indicate that it is functioning.
The LEDs associated with the Model 5422A’s three Ethernet jacks will flash
several times as part of the associated Ethernet interface integrated
circuit’s power up action. The seven LEDs on the unit’s
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front panel will first light green, then light red in a confirmation sequence.
While the LEDs are going through their power-up sequence the front-panel
display will first show the unit’s model number (Model 5422A) and Dante device
name. Then the screen will show the unit’s main firmware version number. After
a few seconds the Studio Technologies’ logo will be shown followed by the
screen saver mode becoming active. Details about the screen saver mode are
covered in later sections.
After the Model 5422A has completed its power-up sequences full operation will
begin. The Model 5422A’s front panel contains seven bi-color LEDs which
reflect the real-time status of unit’s major functions. The two power LEDs
indicate the presence of incoming AC mains and 12 volts DC power. They are
labeled AC and DC. When a source of AC mains power is connected the AC LED
will light green. The DC LED will light green whenever a connected DC source
exceeds approximately 10 volts. The DC LED will light red when the DC input is
between approximately 9 and 10 volts, indicating a low-voltage condition. If
the DC input is less than approximately 9 volts the DC LED will not light and
the Model 5422A will no longer operate from the DC source.
Two LEDs are associated with the Model 5422A’s Dante interface. The system
LED, labeled SYS, and the synchronization LED, labeled SYNC, will both light
red as the unit’s Dante interface starts to function and awaits connection to
the associated LAN or LANs. The system LED will light red to indicate that the
interface is not ready to pass data to other devices. It will blink red if
there is an issue communicating with the internal Dante Brooklyn module. (This
should never occur unless there is a Model 5422A hardware problem.) It will
light green when it is operating normally and is ready to pass data.
The synchronization LED will light red to indicate that the Model 5422A’s
Dante interface has not established timing synchronization. It will light
solid green when it has synchronized with a Dante network and an external
clock source (timing reference) is being received. The synchronization LED
will slowly flash green if this specific Model 5422A is part of a Dante
network and is serving as the Leader Clock. (In this case, it’s likely that
other Dante devices are following this Model 5422A
which is acting as their timing reference.) It’s possible that up to 30 or 40
seconds may be required for the synchronization LED to reach its final state.
Two LEDs are associated with the Model 5422A’s Dante primary and Dante
secondary Ethernet connections. They are labeled PRI and SEC. How they respond
will depend on the unit’s network configuration as made in the Dante
Controller application
When the Dante interface has been configured for Switched operation the
primary LED will light red when no Ethernet connection is present. It will
light green when a Gigabit Ethernet (GigE) connection is present. It will
light orange when a 100 Mb/s Ethernet connection is present. The secondary LED
will not light when an Ethernet connection is not present. It will light green
when a GigE or a 100 Mb/s Ethernet connection is present.
When the Model 5422A’s Dante interface has been configured for Redundant
operation the primary and secondary LEDs will light red when Ethernet
connections are not present on their respective RJ45 jacks. Each will light
green when a Gigabit Ethernet (GigE) connection has been made and orange when
a 100 Mb/s Ethernet connection has been made.
One LED is associated with the Model 5422A’s management Ethernet connection.
The LED, labeled MGMT, will not light if an Ethernet connection has not been
made. It will light green if a GigE or a 100 Mb/s Ethernet connection has been
made.
RJ45 LED Indicators
On the Model 5422A’s back panel there are three RJ45 jacks that are provided
for interfacing with the unit’s three Gigabit Ethernet (GigE) ports. Two of
the jacks are designated for Dante audio use and the third for management
functions. The three RJ45 jacks are labeled Dante PRI, Dante SEC, and MGMT.
Associated with each jack are two LEDs. One LED is labeled LINK and lights
orange when a GigE connection has been established with that specific jack The
LINK LED will not light if a 100 Mb/s Ethernet connection has been made. It
will also not light if an Ethernet connection has not been made. The second
LED, labeled ACT, will flash green to indicate data activity, responding to
Ethernet traffic traveling to and from that specific jack.
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Front-Panel Display Page Descriptions
The following sections provide information about the Model 5422A’s front-panel
menu pages. Additional details can be found in the Model 5422A Configuration
section. Refer to Appendix C for the menu structure diagram.
Row One
Row one has five front-panel menu pages that involve the management IP address
and related parameters. Two menu pages are display-only and the other three,
by default, allow changes to be made.
Current Management IP Address: This menu page will show the IP address
associated with the Model 5422A’s internal management web server. This address
can be assigned automatically using the DHCP protocol or, if a DHCP server is
not available, using the IPv4 link-local protocol. (An IP address that has the
format of 169.254.x.x was assigned using IPv4 link-local.) The management IP
address can also be manually assigned with a fixed or static IP address. If no
Ethernet connection has been made the text No Ethernet Link will be shown.
If the Model 5422A’s network configuration in the Dante Controller application
is selected for Switched or Redundant then this menu page will show the IP
address that’s associated with the connection made to the Model 5422A’s
management RJ45 jack.
If the Model 5422A’s network configuration in the Dante Controller application
is selected for Switched+Mgmt then the IP address that is shown will be
associated with a connection that is made to either the Dante primary or Dante
secondary Ethernet jack.
If the network configuration in Dante Controller has been selected for
Redundant+Mgmt then the IP address that is shown will be associated with a
connection that is made to the Dante primary Ethernet jack.
Current Management Subnet Mask: This menu page will show the subnet mask value
that is active for the management interface and associated web server. If the
IP address and related network parameters were obtained by way of DHCP then
this field will show an IPv4 subnet mask value in dot-decimal notation. If the
IP configuration mode is selected for Automatic and the current IP address was
obtained by way of link-local,
then 255.255.0.0 will show. It’s also possible that the subnet mask value was
manually entered as part of a fixed or static IP address setting.
Management IP Configuration: This menu page allows the display and revision of
the method that the Model 5422A will use to obtain a management IP address and
related parameters. The choices are Automatic and Manual. The selected
configuration impacts how the Model 5422A obtains the IP address that is used
for accessing the management web server and associated menu webpages. This
setting has no impact on how the Model 5422A obtains IP addresses for the
Dante primary and Dante secondary Ethernet interfaces.
An arrow icon will be shown in the upper-right corner of this menu page. This
indicates that the setting can be changed. If the active method is not the
desired one, press the Enter pushbutton switch located on the front panel. Use
the left and right arrow buttons to select (highlight) the desired method.
Then again press the Enter button. The entry will be stored. To cause the
Model 5422A to use the new setting requires that the Model 5422A be rebooted
(restarted). This can be performed using one of three ways: another front-
panel menu page, a selection in one of the management webpages, or by power
cycling the unit.
Selecting the Automatic setting causes the Model 5422A to use DHCP or, if DHCP
is not available, the IPv4 link-local protocol to establish the IP address for
the management port. Even if the IP address was established using link-local
the DHCP protocol will remain active. In this case, approximately every 30
seconds the Model 5422A’s main firmware will check for the presence of a DHCP
server. If one becomes available then an IP address will be requested and,
when obtained, will automatically replace the IP address that was previously
established by link-local.
The Manual setting allows the desired IP address and related parameters to be
manually entered. This can be useful when a fixed or static addressing scheme
has been established. In this way, a designated IP address can be entered
along with the other necessary network parameters.
Note that to minimize the chance of losing access to the management web
server, restoring the Model 5422A’s default configuration values will not
change
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the currently selected management IP address configuration choice.
Manual Management IP Address: This menu page shows the stored IP address
associated with the connection used to access the management web server. (This
address has nothing to do with the IP addresses utilized by the Dante primary
and Dante secondary Ethernet interfaces.) It will be u