TRANE 4TXM22 Multiple Zone VAV Split Systems Heat Pump User Guide

ASHRAE® 15, 2022, A2L EDVC Example
Multiple Zone VAV Split Systems

4TXM22 Multiple Zone VAV Split Systems Heat Pump

The following informational material is abridged material from the Trane document APP-APM001F-EN Applications Engineering Manual Refrigeration Systems and Machinery Rooms Application Considerations for Compliance with ASHRAE® Standard 152022. It is strongly recommended any user of this document also review the source material for additional clarifications, givens, and commentary.
When using an A2L refrigerant the product safety code UL 60335-2-40 mandates the circulating fan must provide a minimum CFM as prescribed by the code. Additionally, Standard 15 states that if the unit has more than 4 pounds of refrigerant, and is ducted, the system must have a leak detection system listed with the equipment.
A DX split system is an example of a high probability system as there is a high probability the refrigerant may enter the occupied space. When designing high probability systems, the occupied space must be of sufficient “volume” to safely diffuse and dilute the refrigerant. This volume is refrigerant dependent and is known as the Effective Dispersal Volume Charge (EDVC). The EDVC is determined by the space volume available to disperse a refrigerant leak. Dilution is the solution!
Standard 15 may provide more than one EDVC compliance path. The designer may use one or all of the approved EDVC compliance paths. For the purposes of brevity, it is not possible to discuss all examples. Therefore, this document only focuses on the simplest approach. Please see Trane document APPAPM001F-EN for additional approaches.

Example: DX Split System Multiple Zone VAV System Serving a “Commercial” Occupancy with an A2L Refrigerant

Givens:

A single circuit 20-ton (70kW), directexpansion (DX) split system unit with variableairflow control serves a small office building (Figure 1). The rooftop unit consists of one 20-ton (70 kW) independent refrigeration circuit. The refrigerant is R-454B (A2L) and has a factory refrigerant installed detector. Each occupied space is served by a VAV terminal unit, with minimum airflow setpoints higher than 10 percent of design supply airflow. Supply are return ductwork provide the airflow path to the air handling unit.
The occupancy classification is “commercial” (Focc = 1.0), and this system is categorized as a “high probability” system. Please see Trane document APP- APM001F-EN for further discussion on classification.
This is an example of “connected spaces” via a ducted air distribution system. The standard discusses ducted air distribution in Section 7.2.3.3.
The condensing unit is located on the roof, and the refrigerant piping drops 2 feet into the interstitial ceiling space, runs 35 feet, then drops 10 feet down to the AHU in the mechanical space. The liquid line is 5/8”. The suction line is 1 5/8”. The total linear length of each refrigerant line is 47 feet.

Figure 1. Example office building served by a packaged DX rooftop VAV system.

Table 1. Example office building served by the rooftop VAV system.

As explained in the application manual, when calculating the effective dispersal volume (Veff) of the connected spaces in this example, include the following:

• The volume is the sum of all spaces served by the common supply and return ductwork, since the VAV dampers in this example do not close below 10 percent of design supply airflow whenever the supply fan is operating. Further the standard states we may ignore duct openings that only close in an emergency.
• This example uses supply and return ductwork, and the volume of the supply and return ductwork are included.
• There is no double dipping. If we were using a ceiling plenum return as part of the return-air path we would have instead used the volume of the ceiling plenum instead of the ductwork volume.

…but exclude the following:

• The volumes of the mechanical room, storage room, and closets since these spaces are not served by the air handling unit and can be closed (isolated) from the source of the refrigerant leak by a door.
• The volumes of the vestibule and restroom since they are conditioned by transfer air only.

For this example (Table 1), the effective dispersal volume (Veff) of the connected spaces is calculated to be 52,800 ft³.

Solution:
As this system uses a Group
A2L refrigerant:

The split system unit consists of one 20-ton independent refrigeration circuit. Per the IOM the unit charge is 9.5 lb of R-454B refrigerant. For some products the manufacturers unit charge may include enough refrigerant for 25 foot of line length. However, the IOM for this product states the unit charge does not include an additional refrigerant for line length. Therefore, we must calculate the entire line charge. The refrigerant charge for 47 feet of liquid and supply lines is 6 lbs of R-454B. The total refrigerant charge is 15.5 lbs of R-454B. Per Section 7.3.4.2, the releasable refrigerant charge (mrel) is the largest refrigerant charge in an independent circuit—which is 15.5 lb in this case.
Standard 34 lists R-454B as Group A2L refrigerant with an LFL equal to 18.5 lb/1000 ft³ or 0.0185 lb/ft³.
Since this is a high-probability system used for human comfort, the use of a Group A2L refrigerant means that the requirements of Section 7.6 apply. The rooftop unit in the example includes a refrigerant detector—that complies with the requirements of Section 7.6.2.4—to initiate air circulation in the event that a leak is detected. Therefore, per Section 7.6.1.1, the EDVC is calculated to be 488 lb:
EDVC = 0.0185 lb/ft³ × 52,800 ft³× 0.5 × 1.0 = 488 lb
For this example, the releasable refrigerant charge mrel = 15.5 lb. This is much lower than the EDVC, so this system complies with the limit prescribed by Section 7.6.1.

Please refer to Trane document APPAPM001F-EN for more details.
ASHRAE Standard 15 is under continuous maintenance, the requirements can change frequently. This content is based on the 2022 published version.

Systems with air circulation
If the system has either continuous air circulation (except during short periods for maintenance or service) or air circulation that is initiated by a refrigerant detector that complies with Section 7.6.2.4, the EDVC is calculated as follows (Section 7.6.1.1):

EDVC = LFL × Veff × CF × Focc
where, EDVC = effective dispersal volume charge, lb (kg)
Veff = effective dispersal volume per Sections 7.2.1 through 7.2.3, ft³ (m³)
LFL = lower flammability limit of the refrigerant, lb/ft³ (kg/m³)*
CF = concentration factor = 0.5
Focc = occupancy adjustment factor
(0.5 for institutional; 1.0 for all others)

• Note that the values tabulated in ASHRAE Standard 34 are in units of lb/1000 ft³ and g/m³, so be sure to convert to the correct units when using this formula.

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SS-PRB005A-EN
10/30/2023

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