ApoGEE 612 Sport and Scale Model Rockets User Guide
- June 15, 2024
- APOGEE
Table of Contents
PEAK OF FLIGHT
NEWSLTTER
Issue 612 / November 7th 2023
www.ApogeeRockets.com
4960 Northpark Dr, Colorado Springs CO 80918
Ph# 719-535-9335
In This Issue:
Exploring the Visual Design Differences Between Sport & Scale Model Rockets
Also In This Issue:
Rear Eject Fatman Plan
https://www.apogeerockets.com/Rocket-Kits/Skill-Level-4-Model-Rocket-Kits
/Interrogator-MidPower
INTRODUCTION
I recently joined Apogee Components as a graphic designer, and I have been utilizing my skills to design decals for our model rocket kits. So in every conceivable way, I am a newbie in the world of model rocketry. I do
Figure 1: There is a stark contrast between the visual design of scale rockets
and sport rockets have experience in the world of graphic design, however that
does not equate to an immediate knowledge of rocket paint & decal design. So
how does one become familiar with applying one’s professional skills to a
completely new endeavor? And more specifically, how does one define the visual
aesthetics of sport rockets as opposed to scale rockets? I invite you to join
me on this journey as I explore these concepts.
It is important to note that I will not be diving into the details of rules
for Sport Competition and Scale Competition. We do have a few articles from
past newsletters that dig into these kinds of details. However, I will keep
this article focused on the visual differences between sport and scale
rockets.
SPORT ROCKETS
Sport Rockets exist in all shapes, sizes, and colors. The visual design for a
sport rocket is really wide open. It can be almost anything you want it to be.
There is no tradition that must be adhered to in the visual design of the
rocket’s decals or paint job. The options available are only constrained by
the designer’s imagination.
It is almost impossible to define the design characteristics of a category
that is so wide open. However, there are some trends that do appear to
manifest. Sport rockets are more likely to have bold colors that are in high
contrast with one another. Complimentary colors (hues that are opposite from
one another on the color wheel) are more likely to be used in combination with
one another in sport model rocketry. These bright colors also lend some
functionality in trying to see an object so far up in the sky, when viewing
from the ground.
Illustrations also play a much greater role in sport model rocketry. Whether
those illustrations are flames, pin-striping, pop-culture references, or other
imagery. . . they tend to have a more artistic feel to the overall
presentation of the rocket.
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Newsletter Staff
Writer: Ryan Conway
Editor: Tim Van Milligan
Layout: Ryan Conway
Figure 2: Sport rockets can have varying designs and are meant to be visually
appealing to the eye.
A sport rocket can have almost anything be the basis for its inspiration. Do
you want to make a rocket that looks like a pencil or crayon? Cool. Have an
idea for a rocket that looks like a dragon? Awesome. How about a rocket that
looks like your favorite cartoon character? You bet! The gates are wide open,
and you can start the design process from any piece of inspiration that
interests you.
Sport rockets can have wildly creative logos to create a sense of identity for
the rocket. Or they can have no logo at all. But for those who want a
logo/name on their sport rocket, the width of the cylinder is probably the
most limiting factor. In a general sense, sport rockets that use the length of
the tube for the logo tend to have horizontal logos, by nature. They rarely
have a square or circle logo because it will not occupy much real estate in
that space. Unless of course, they are applied to the fins. In that case a
squarish or circular logo usually fits nicely.
While both sport & scale rockets often have their names on them, sport rockets
can have a bit more fun with how the name is displayed. Any legible typeface
that can fit on the tube is a potential option. Between being able to use type
in a creative way and being able to choose any color for the paint job, the
design for sport rocketry can really be anything under the sun.
The color palette for sport rockets tends to be much more vivid and creative
than the color palette for scale rockets. The entire spectrum of hues is
available for the person
Figure 3: A wide range of typefaces and illustrations can be employed in the creation of a logo for a sport rocket.
designing a sport rocket. The same cannot be said for the color palette of
scale rockets.
When looking for resources to design your sport rockets, remember that Apogee
Component’s website has a sortable rocket list that you can check out.
https://www.apogeerockets.com/index.php?main_page=sortable_rockets_list&m=catalog
You can also check out our variety of FREE rocket plans as well. https://www.
apogeerockets.com/Peak-of-Flight-Rocket-Plans
This website also has lots of old catalogs that are a great resource when
trying to think of design elements.
http://www.ninfinger.org/rockets/rockets.html
SCALE ROCKETS
Scale rocketry is focused on the representation of a historical rocket.
Dimensional accuracy is absolutely part of the competition aspect of scale
model rockets. But in a more general design sense, you can still build a scale
rocket that is not dimensionally accurate while still aiming to make a
representation of a real rocket.
Many real rockets tend to lean towards white or silver cylinders with minimal
markings that are functional in nature. You might have a booster that is
colored red, but it is often a muted red or orange. . . not the kind of bright
red that we think of when someone says the phrase “rocket red.” In general,
the color palette of scale rockets tends to be much more monochrome with small
amounts of color used for functional elements.
The markings on a scale rocket might include roll patterns, which help
observers to see how that cylinder is turning in three-dimensional space.
Other exterior markings might
Figure 4: The visual design for scale rockets focuses on functionality as it
relates to the purpose of the mission.
help identify the different stages of the rocket. Real rockets have textured
details like rivets, compartment hatch doors, exhaust vents, and other
mechanical pieces. Some of the smallest details might be too small to
represent, depending on the scale of the model. Will the rivets be painted on,
or will they be three-dimensional somehow. Those are the decisions left up to
the person making the model.
It is much more frequent that real rockets and their scale counterparts have
vertical type identifying the name of the rocket. Of course, vertical text is
not synonymous with scale rocketry (sport rockets can have vertical type as
well). It’s not a hard & fast rule either – scale rockets sometimes have
horizontal text along the length of the
Figure 5: Scale rockets have many detailed nuances to the visual design. These
are all functional designs that have a distinct purpose.
rocket. But as a general rule of thumb, scale rockets are more likely to have
vertical type on the exterior, as opposed to a sport rocket.
Because there are physical limitations to flying a real rocket, scale rockets
also represent these logistics. For example, painting a large fuel tank might
add hundreds of pounds to the overall weight of a full-size rocket, which
changes the dynamics of its flight physics. This is why the Delta II rocket
that Tim worked on in the early 1990’s was a bluishgreen color.
That color was actually just a primer to prevent corrosion in the salty air of
Florida. Putting additional colorful paint on the outside would just add
weight and reduce payload capacity.
As a result, real rockets tend to have a minimalistic design in regards to
color and paint.
That same minimalism is present in scale model rockets. Education is not
specific to scale model rocketry specifically, however scale design tends to
lean more towards the direction of learning the history of space flight and
the incremental advances that were made with each historical vehicle that was
launched. The design aesthetic is heavily influenced by functional elements of
the rocket, and by having to incorporate those elements into the design, the
rocketeer usually learns about those functional elements.
CONCLUSION
The motive of the rocketeer is the defining characteristic of which category
any given design falls into. Yes, there are guidelines that define each
category, but really it is about the inspiration that is the genesis for any
given model project. While both sport and scale have the ability to educate
the participant, scale seems to drill down a little bit further into the
history of the space program and examines the design choices that were made
for real rockets. For the rocketeer that is looking to just have fun and
possibly have the ability to express themselves artistically through the
customized design of their rocket, sport rocketry’s lack of boundaries is
perfect for those reasons.
While most designs do fall into one category or another, there is indeed
plenty of overlap between the two. And likewise, a single rocketeer might be
involved in the pursuit of building rockets for both sport & scale. Nothing
about these two categories should ever make anyone feel boxedin. On the
contrary, the potential design options are endless regardless of how a
rocketeer might choose to design their next rocket.
Designing is really about funneling inspiration into a fullyrealized concept.
Understanding the purpose of a build informs the ability to design appropriate
decals and paint designs. Whether you decide to build sport rockets, scale
rockets, or both. . . be sure to have fun and learn new skills. If you have
any questions for us at Apogee about the differences between scale rockets and
sports rockets (or any other rocket-related questions), please don’t hesitate
to contact us at https://www.apogeerockets.com/Contact.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Ryan Conway’s expertise is in graphic design, illustration, and video production. Having recently moved back to Colorado Springs, Ryan has been working at Apogee Components since September of 2023. Graduating from Colorado State University with a degree in graphic design, Ryan has worked for a variety of companies and clients, including his favorite band, Blind Melon. He is also an abstract painter and had his first gallery showing at CityArts in Wichita (in 2021). He enjoys hiking trails in the foothills, drawing in his sketchbook, and playing guitar & singing at open mics.
INTRODUCTION
A few years back I made a model rocket that looked like a bomb. It had the
traditional “nosecone pops off and parachute deploys” type of recovery and
when I showed it to my son he said “Too bad it doesn’t have a chute that comes
out of the bottom so it comes down like a bomb should.” Kids. You can never
please them.
So never being one to pass up a challenge…that I actually wanted to do…I pass
up a lot of challenges I don’t. I decided to design a rear eject bomb rocket.
I designed a bunch, actually, but they all depended on 3D printed parts
because most of the rockets I design do. But that limits your audience. Not
everyone has a 3D printer, or has access to one. And I wanted to design a
rocket that everyone could make, providing they could obtain the parts. So I
took my basic rear eject bomb rocket idea and produced this.
The final rocket with basic olive paint and an unfinished foam nose next to a standard 18mm engine for scale.
Apogee Parts list:
Item #
14812| Item Name| Qty
1
---|---|---
66mm TARC Foam Nose Cone – 1 per pack
10198| 66mm x 18″ Body Tube (BT-80) – 4 per pack
You’ll use 1 and perhaps part of another| 1
10131| 33mm x 18″ Body Tube (BT-55) – 6 per pack
You’ll use part of 1 tube| 1
10086| 18mm x 18″ Body Tube (BT-20)| 1
13474| Foam Core Centering Ring 33/66 – 2 per pack
There might be wood alternatives to these| 2
13396| Centering Ring 188mm to 33mm| 1
12214| Tube Bulkhead Disk 33mm| 1
29090| 12″ Printed Nylon Parachute| 1
14100| Balsa Sheet-3132″ x4″ x 18″| 1
30303| Mylar Streamer 2″ x 56″ – 2 per pack
You’ll use 1 streamer, but save the other as this takes some heat damage over
time|
13052| 1/8″ launch lugs| 1
24048| Standard Engine Hooks| 1
30326| 300# Kevlar Cord| 24″
You’ll also need a sheet of 110lb card stock to cut the tail cone out of, and
the attached pattern sheet.
A lot of these items come in bulk packs so if you buy everything on this list
you will have lots of extra stuff left over to build more rockets with.
Certainly not a bad thing!
General build notes:
There are two main assemblies to this rocket. The motor pod and the bomb
itself. The motor pod is designed to pop out the rear of the rocket and fall
separately on a streamer. As it does so, it will drag out the parachute used
by the bomb to fall gracefully to the earth. The end result is quite
satisfying.
Assembly 1: The Motor Pod
Assembly 1: The Motor Pod
The general layout of the motor pod. This pod recovers on its own with the streamer.
Cut a piece of the 18mm body tube to 243mm long. I arrived at this number
using my eyecrometer and then measured it when I was done building the rocket.
Your length may vary a little. Don’t worry if it’s not exact, we can adjust
for it later. Just try to get close.
Make a slit about 60mm from one end for the engine hook.
Glue one of the 18 to 33mm centering rings to where this hook goes through the
slit. A little over to hold the hook in place is ok. The position of these
rings need not be exact.
Glue another 18 to 33mm ring about 20 mm from the bottom of the motor tube.
Again, the position need not be exact. This ring will control the tension on
the engine hook so feel free to move it up or down to get the amount of
tension you are comfortable with.
Between these two rings, wrap the motor tube and engine hook with masking tape
to hold the hook nicely in place.
Take a third 18 to 33mm centering ring and cut a little notch in it. The shock
cord for the bomb’s parachute will need to run through this notch, so use that
as a guide. As the motor pod ejects from the rocket it may slide along the
shock cord at this notch, so feel free to make it a loose fit.
This centering ring can then be glued about 10mm from the top of this tube.
Again the position is not exact.
You can now tape a streamer to the 18mm body tube just above the ring on the
top of the motor hook. The area above this streamer is where the parachute and
it’s associated shock cord will sit when the rocket is loaded. ****
Assembly 2: The Bomb
To begin the bomb we must first build the inner tube. For that we’re going to
need 250mm of the 33mm body tube, the two 33/66 foam centering rings, and the
tube bulkhead.
Here’s the figure for this part:
The 33mm tube forms the core of the rocket. All the rest of the rocket mounts
to it, and it contains both the motor pod as well as the main recovery
parachute.
The middle of these centering rings is about 135mm from the bottom of the
tube. And the top ring is about 10mm.
While the position of the top doesn’t matter as much, try to get the middle
ring close to that number. The tail cone goes over one edge of this centering
ring so this ring has an effect on things later on. It’s not SUPER critical,
so don’t worry if you’re a mm off, but try to get it close.
Take the 33mm tube bulk head and decide how you want to attach a shock cord.
The bulk head comes with a screw eye, but personally I’d drill out a hole in
the center of this bulkhead and thread the Kevlar shock cord through it, tying
a knot to keep it from going through. This way if the cord ever breaks
(heaven forbid!) you can easily replace it. It also allows you to put the
shock cord in at a later step.
If you decide you DO want to use the screw eye, now is the time to attach the
shock cord and screw the screw eye into the bulk head. If your drilling a hole
for your shock cord (recommended), it’s best to wait until later to put the
shock cord in.
This 33mm tube is the inner tube where the previously assembled motor pod will
sit when the rocket is ready to fly. The top of that motor tube will push
against the bulkhead to propel the rocket, and then the ejection blast
Rear Eject Fatman Plan
By Perry Olson
will push on the bulkhead to eject the motor pod. So insert the motor tube
until it’s sticking out the bottom at a place you are comfortable with (on
mine the end of the motor tube is about 7mm out and the business end of the
motor hook is about 15mm out). Then look in the top end of the 33mm tube to
see where your bulk head needs to go. Glue your bulkhead there.
For the next step you’ll need to cut out the cone pattern from the attached
pattern sheet on 110lb card stock.
Using a table edge, curve this piece to form a truncated cone, then glue the
overlapping join tab under the opposing end.
Slide this cone over the end of the assembly you just made.
Your goal is to get something like this…
The cardstock tailcone is positioned such that it partiallycovers the aft centering ring.
you may need to trim the cone to fit. You want the wide end of the cone to
overlap the 33/66 foam centering ring just a little, but not completely cover
it because some of that ring will need to go inside the 66mm tube later.
Test fit this until you are comfortable with everything and then glue it in
place. The bottom of this cone should be in the vicinity of 38mm from the
bottom of the 33mm tube.
If you didn’t use the screw eye for your shock cord and instead wisely drilled
a hole (again, recommended), now is a good time to thread the shock cord
through that bulk head and tie a knot on the top side. Bunch up the shock cord
coming out of the bottom of the 33mm tube and tuck it inside said tube for
now.
Cut a 160mm section out of the 66mm body tube. This will be the main body of
the bomb. Test fit the assembly above in this tube and when your happy with
it, glue it in place. The top of the cone should meet the bottom of this 66mm
body tube.
At this point you can use the old “door jamb” method to draw a straight line
on the 66mm tube. I like to line this line up with the seam in the tail cone.
You’ll be gluing your launch lugs on this line.
So take a launch lug, cut it half and glue one half about 10mm above the tail
cone on this line (or whatever makes you happy) and glue the other about 100mm
from the tail cone. Make sure they line up!
You can stick the TARC nose cone on now. Don’t glue that unless you really
feel the need. I like to keep it removable so I can toss an altimeter in
there. You’ll probably also want to remove the nosecone when painting your
rocket because it’s flexible and paint probably won’t do well on it.
Go back to your pattern sheet and cut out the fin and box side patterns. They
have an indicator for grain direction on them. Using those patterns cut 4 each
of the fins and box sides from the balsa sheet. I prefer to err on the side of
caution and cut these a little oversized.
Sand your fins to make them all the same size and test fit them along the
bottom of the 33mm tube and over the tail cone. They should come to the bottom
of the 33mm tube and be flush along the edge of the cone as well. When you’re
happy with the fit, glue them on at 90 degree angles from each other (standard
4 fin layout) making sure the launch lugs are exactly between two of the fins.
You want something like this…
Fins mounted to the rocket and secured to the core (33mm) tube as well as the tailcone.
You can now form a box with the box sides either by making the box first then sanding the fin corners down so that it fits, or by putting one edge at a time across two fins, gluing it in place, and moving to the next box edge. I did the box first then sanded the fin corners to fit, but either method should work. In the end you want this…
Box sections added to the rocket. The mating edges of the fins and box sections should be sanded at an angle to ensure a solid assembly.
When all this is dry your bomb is assembled. Time to paint!
I went with green, of course, and didn’t paint the TARC nosecone. You can
paint it whatever color suits your heart’s desire, though. That’s part of the
fun.
The finished rocket with the motor pod, recovery parachute, and shock cord visible.
When the paint is dry, pull out the shock cord and attach the parachute to the
end using the method that makes you happiest. I formed a loop at the end of
the shock cord and put a Quick Link (P/N 29620) on my parachute so I can
easily remove it later.
Loading the rocket for launch.
This rocket is a little tricky to load. First of all, you don’t need wadding.
None of the recovery equipment should come in close contact with the hot
gasses. The end goal of the loading process is to have a motor pod that fits
loosely inside the 33mm tube. Not so loose that it falls out, but not so
tight that it can’t eject.
It’s helpful when loading to have a dowel, or bbq skewer, or screw driver or
other pokey thing handy.
Here’s how you load the rocket:
-
Insert the top of the motor pod into the bottom of the bomb. Make sure the shock cord falls in the notch in that top 18 to 33mm centering ring.
-
Push the motor pod in about 2” to 3”. This will create a pocket between the 18mm tube and the 33mm tube.
-
Fold your parachute so that it fits inside this pocket. You have room to fold it long, you do NOT have room to fold it FAT, so take your time and experiment with this process until you are comfortable. The parachute and it’s associated shock cord should all fit ABOVE the streamer in this pocket. You can fold the chute lines inside the chute instead of wrapping them and you can put the shock cord on the opposite side of the chute.
This is where your pokey thingy will come in handy, because you may need to gently stuff the chute in. -
Fold up the streamer against the 18mm tube.
-
Continue pushing the motor pod in with the chute and streamer until it’s up against the bulkhead.
-
Load a motor in the motor tube.
Final Considerations and suggestions
Use the TARC nosecone specified in the parts list. This foam nosecone provides
some extra cushion needed for a rocket that lands on its nose every time.
According to RockSimthe CP is 11.32” 287.5mm) from the tip of the nose cone.
The center of gravity with a C6-3 should be about an inch and a half to two
inches higher. I used the swing test to verify stability and didn’t need to
add any weight to the nose. And if flew straight and true on a C6-3.
Good luck and happy flying!
You can download the RockSim file here:
https://www.apogeerockets.com/Peak-of-Flight-Rocket-Plans
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Perry Olson also wrote an article for the Peak-of-Flight Newsletter #551,
titled, “Building the MK 82 “Snake Eye.”
https://www.apogeerockets.com/education/downloads/Newsletter551.pdf
References
- Peak-of-Flight Rocket Plans : Apogee Rockets, Model Rocketry Excitement Starts Here
- Parachutes : Apogee Rockets, Model Rocketry Excitement Starts Here
- Ninfinger Productions: Model Rockets
- Contact Us : Apogee Rockets, Model Rocketry Excitement Starts Here
- Rocketry For Educators : Apogee Rockets, Model Rocketry Excitement Starts Here
- Peak-of-Flight Rocket Plans : Apogee Rockets, Model Rocketry Excitement Starts Here
- Interrogator - MidPower