EBYTE E22-400T30D LoRa Wireless Module User Manual

E22-400T30D User Manual
SX1268 433/470MHz 1W LoRa Module

Chengdu Ebyte Electronic Technology Co.,Ltd

Disclaimer

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The information contained herein is provided “as is” and EBYTE assumes no liability for the use of the information. No warranty, either express or implied, is given, including but not limited, with respect to the accuracy, correctness, reliability, and fitness for a particular purpose of the information. This document may be revised by EBYTE at any time. For most recent documents, visit www.ebyte.com.

Overview

1.1 Introduction

E22-400T30D is a new Lora module (UART) based on SEMTECH’s SX1268 RF chip. It has multiple transmission modes working at 410.125～ 493.125MHz, LoRa spread spectrum technology, TTL level output, compatible with 3.3V and 5V IO port voltage.
Compared with SX1278, the SX1268 solution has a longer transmission distance, faster speed, lower power consumption, and smaller size. It supports functions such as wake-up in the air, wireless configuration, carrier monitoring, automatic repeater, communication key, and packet length setting, customized development services are available.

1.2Features

• Based on SX1268 LoRa technology, it enables longer distances and better anti-interference ability.
• Automatic relay networking, the multi-stage relay is suitable for ultra-long distance communication, multiple networks running in the same area are running simultaneously;
• Users to set their own communication keys and cannot be read, which greatly improves the confidentiality of user data;
• RSSI for evaluating signal quality, improving communication network, and ranging;
• With LBT for monitoring channel environmental noise before sending data, and for improving communication;
• Wireless parameter configuration, send command data packets wirelessly, remotely configure or read wireless module parameters;
• Wake-on-air, that is, the ultra-low power consumption function, suitable for battery-powered applications;
• With fixed-point transmission, broadcast transmission, and channel monitoring;
• Global license-free ISM 433MHz and 470Mhz for meter reading；
• In deep sleep mode, power consumption is 2uA；
• With PA+LNA, the communication distance tested is up to 6 km；
• The parameters are saved after power-off. After power-on, the module will work according to the set parameters.
• High-efficiency watchdog design, once an exception occurs, the module will automatically restart and continue to work according to the previous parameter settings;
• Airdate rate of 0.3kbps～62.5kbps;
• 3.3V~5.5V power supply, power supply over 5.0 V can guarantee the best performance；
• Industrial grade standard design, support -40 ~ 85 °C for working over a long time；
• SMA-K interface for external antenna.

1.3 Application

• Home security alarm and remote keyless entry；
• Smart home and industrial sensors；
• Wireless alarm security system；
• Building automation solutions；
• Wireless industrial-grade remote control；
• Health care products；
• Advanced Meter Reading Architecture(AMI)；
• Automotive industry applications.

Specification and parameter

2.1 Limit parameter

Main parameter

| Performance|

Remark

---|---|---
Min.| Max.
Power supply（V）| 0| 5.5| Voltage over 5.5V will cause permanent

damage to module

Blocking power（dBm）| –| 10| Chances of burn is slim when modules are used in short distance
Operating temperature（℃）| -40| 85| /

2.2 Operating parameter

Main parameter

| Performance|

Remark

---|---|---
Min.| Typ.| Max.
Operating voltage（V）| 3.3| 5.0| 5.5| ≥5.0 V ensures output power
Communication level（V）| |

3.3

| | For 5V TTL, It is recommended to add

level conversion

Operating temperature（℃）| -40| –| 85| Industrial design
Operating frequency（MHz）| 410.125| –| 493.125| Support ISM band
Power consumption| TX current（mA）| | 610| | Instant power consumption
RX current（mA）| | 17| |
Sleep current（uA）| | 2| | Software is shut down
Max Tx Power（dBm）| 29.5| 30.0| 30.5|
Receiving sensitivity（dBm）| -146| -147| -148| Air data rate is 2.4kbps
Air data rate（bps）| 0.3k| 2.4k| 62.5k| Controlled via user’s programming

Main parameter

| Description|

Remark

---|---|---
Distance for reference| 6km| Test condition：clear and open area, antenna gain: 5dBi
antenna height: 2.5m，air data rate: 2.4kbps
TX length| 240 Byte| Can be configured via command as 32/64/128/240 bytes
per packet to transmit
Buffer| 1000 Byte|
Modulation| LoRa|
Communication interface| CART|
Package| DIP|
Connector| 172.54mm|
Size| 24*43mm|
Antenna| SMA-K| 50-ohm impedance

Size and pin definition

No.

| Name| Direction|

Function

---|---|---|---
1| M0| Input（weak pull-up）| Work with M1 to decide 4 working modes of module (not suspended, if not used, could be grounded).

2

| M1| Input（weak pull-up）| Work with M0 to decide 4 working modes of the module (not suspended, if not used, could be grounded).
3| RDX| Input| TTL UART inputs, connect to external (MCU, PC) TXD output pin. Can be
configured as open-drain or pull-up input. Ground
4| TXD| Output| TTL UART outputs connect to external RDX (MCU, PC) input pin. Can be
configured as open-drain or push-pull output
5| AUX| Output| To indicate module’s working status & wakes up the external MCU. During the procedure of self-check initialization, the pin outputs low level. Can b
configured as a push-pull output (can be suspended).
6| VCC| Input| Power supply：3.3~ 5.5V DC
7| GND| Input| Ground
8| Fixed hole| | Fixed hole
9| Fixed hole| | Fixed hole
10| Fixed hole| | Fixed hole
11| Fixed hole| | Fixed hole

Connect to MCU

No.

|

Description （ STM8L MCU ）

---|---
1| The UART module is TTL level.
2| For some MCU works at 5VDC, it may need to add 4-10K pull-up resistor for the TXD & AUX pin.

Function description

5.1 Fixed transmission

5.2 Broadcasting transmission

5.3 Broadcasting address

• For example: Set the address of module A as 0xFFFF or 0x0000, and the channel as 0x04;
• When the module is the transmitter (transparent transmission), all modules under channel 0x04 will receive the data, the purpose of

5.4 Monitor address

• For example: Set the address of module A as 0xFFFF or 0x0000, and the channel as 0x04;
• When module A is the receiver, it can receive the data sent from all modules under channel 0x04, the purpose of a monitor is realized.

5.5 Reset

When the module is powered, AUX outputs low level immediately, conducts hardware self-check, and sets the operating mode based on the user’s parameters. During the process, the AUX remains low level. After the process is completed, the AUX outputs high level and starts to work as per the operating mode combined by M1 and M0. Therefore, users need to wait for the AUX rising edge as the start of the module’s normal work.

5.6 AUX description

• AUX Pin can be used as an indication for wireless send & receive buffer and self-check.
• It can indicate whether there are data that are not sent yet via wireless way, or whether all wireless data has been sent through UART, or whether the module is still in the process of self-check initialization.

5.6.1 Indication of UART output

• To wake up external MCU

5.6.2 Indication of wireless transmitting
Buffer (empty): the internal 1000 bytes data in the buffer are written to the RFIC (Auto sub-packaging). When AUX=1, the user can input data less than 1000 bytes ontinuously without overflow. Buffer (not empty): when AUX=0, the internal 1000 bytes data in the buffer have not been written to the RFIC completely. If the user starts to transmit data t this circumstance, it may cause overtime when the module is waiting for the user data, or transmitting wireless subpackage. When AUX = 1, it does not mean that all the UART
data of the module have been transmitted already, perhaps the last packet of data is still in transmission.

5.6.3 Configuration procedure of module

• Only happened when power-on resetting or exiting sleep mode

5.6.4 Notes for AUX

No.|

Description

---|---
1| For function 1 & function 2 mentioned above, the priority should be given to the one with low level output, which means if it
meets each of any low-level output condition, AUX outputs low level, if none of the low level condition is met, AUX outputs high level.
2| When AUX outputs low level, it means the module is busy & cannot conduct operating mode checking. Within 1ms since AUX
outputs high level, the mode switch will be completed.
3| After switching to new operating mode, it will not work in the new mode immediately until AUX rising edge lasts for 2ms . If
AUX stays on the high level, the operating mode switch can be effected immediately.
4| When the user switches to other operating modes from mode 3 (sleep mode) or it’s still in reset process, the module will reset
user parameters, during which AUX outputs low level.

**Operating mode

**

There are four operating modes, which are set by M1 and M0, the details are as follows:

Mode(0-3)

| M1| M0|

Description

|

Remark

---|---|---|---|---
0 Normal mode| 0| 0| UART and wireless channels are open, transparent transmission is on| Supports configuration over the air via special command
1 WOR mode| 0| 1| Can be defined as WOR transmitter and WOR receiver| Supports wake up over-air
2 Configuration mode| 1| 0| Users can access the register through the serial port to control the working state of the module|
3 Deep sleep mode| 1| 1| Sleep mode|

6.1 Mode switching

No.

|

Remark

---|---
1| •   Users can combine M1 and M0 with high and low levels to determine the operating mode. Two GPIOs of the MCU can be used to control mode switching;
•  After changing M1 and M0: If the module is idle, after 1ms, it can start working according to the new mode;
•  If the serial port data of the module has not been transmitted through the wireless, the new working mode can be switched after the transmission is completed;
•  If the module receives the wireless data and transmits the data through the serial port, it needs to finish transmission before switching to the new working mode;
•  Therefore, mode switching can only be valid when AUX output is 1, otherwise it will delay switching.
2| •  For example, users continuously inputs a large amount of data and simultaneously performs mode switching. At this time, the switching mode operation is invalid; the module will process all the user data before performing the new mode detection;
• Therefore, the general recommendation is to detect the output state of the AUX pin and switch after 2ms when the output is high.
3| • When the module is switched from other modes to sleep mode, if the data has not been processed yet;
• The module will process these data (including receiving and sending) before entering sleep mode. This feature can be used for fast sleep, which saves power; for example, the transmitter module works in mode 0, the user transmits the serial port data “12345”, and then does not have to wait for the AUX pin to be idle (high level), and can directly switch to sleep mode. And the user’s main MCU immediately sleeps, the module will automatically transmit the user data through the wireless, and automatically enters sleep within 1ms;
•  This saves MCU’s working time and reduces power consumption.
4| •   Similarly, any mode switching can use this feature. After the module processes the current mode event, it will automatically enter the new mode within 1ms; thus eliminating the need for the user to query AUX and achieve the purpose of fast switching;
•  For example, switching from the transmit mode to the receive mode; the user MCU can also enter sleep before the mode switch, and use the external interrupt function to acquire the AUX change, thereby performing mode switching.
5| •  This operation mode is very flexible and efficient, and is designed according to the user’s MCU’s operation convenience, and can reduce the workload of the entire system as much as possible, improve system efficiency, and reduce power consumption.

6.2 Normal mode（Mode 0）

automatically added before transmitting.
Receiving| It can receive data normally, the receiving function is the same as mode 0.

6.3 WOR mode（Mode 1)

automatically added before transmitting.
Receiving| It can receive data normally, the receiving function is the same as mode 0.

6.4 Configuration mode（Mode 2

operation state.

6.5 Deep sleep mode（Mode 3）

Type|

M0 = 1 ， M1 = 1

---|---
Transmitting| Unable to transmit wireless data
Receiving| Unable to receive wireless data
Note| When from the sleep mode to other modes, the module will reconfigure the parameters. During the configuration process, AUX will remain low; After configuration,it outputs high level, we suggest that user test rising edge AUX.

**Register read and write control

**

7.1 Command format
In configuration mode (mode 2: M1 = 1, M0 = 0), the list of supported commands are as follows (9600, 8N1 for configuration )：

No.

| Command format|

Description

---|---|---
1| Set register| Command: C0+starting address+length+parameters Response: C1+starting address+length+parameters
E.g 1: Channel is 0x09
command starting address length parameter Send:
C0                      05                  01              09
Returen:   C1                      05                  01              09
E.g 2: Configure module address (0x1234), network address (0x00), serial port (9600 8N1) and air data rate (1.2K).
Send: C0 00 04 12 34 00 61
Return: C1 00 04 12 34 00 61
2| Read register| Command: C1+starting address+parameters Response: C1+starting address+length+parameters
E.g 1：Read channel
command starting address length parameter Send:
C1                      05                  01
Returns:   C1                      05                  01              09
E.g 2: Read module address, network address, serial port, and air data rate. Send: C1 00 04
Return: C1 00 04 12 34 00 61
3| Set                  temporary registers| Command: C2+starting address+parameters Response: C1+starting address+length+parameters
E.g 1: Channel is 0x09
command starting address length parameter Send:
C2                      05                  01              09
Returen:   C1                      05                  01              09
E.g 2: Configure module address (0x1234), network address (0x00), serial port (9600 8N1) and air data rate (1.2K).
| | Send: C2 00 04 12 34 00 61
Return: CI 00 04 12 34 00 61
---|---|---
5| Wireless configuration| Command: CF CF + normal command Respond : CF CF + normal respond
E.g I: Channel is 0x09
Command head  command      starting address        length    parameter
Send:             CF CF                             CO                     05 01                09
Remain:      CF CF                             Cl                       05 01                09
E.g 2: Configure module address (0x1234), network address (MO), serial port (9600 SN 1 ) and air data rate (I.2K).
Send: CF CF C2 00 04 12 34 00 61
Return: CF CF Cl 00 04 12 34 00 61
6| Wrong format| Wrong format respond: FF FF FF

7.2 Register description

Adress| Read or Write| Name| Description|

Remark

---|---|---|---|---
| | | The module is unable to transmit data and works in WOR monitoring mode. The monitoring period is as follows (WOR cycle), which can save a lot of power.
—————————————
2，1，0， WOR cycle
000：500ms
001：1000ms
010：1500ms
011：2000ms
100：2500ms
101：3000ms
110：3500ms
111：4000ms| minimum 500ms
l   The longer the WOR monitoring interval period, the lower the average power consumption, but the greater the data delay
l   Both the transmitter and the receiver must be the same (very important).
07H| Write| CRYPT H| Key high byte (default 0）| l   Write only, read returns 0
l   Used for user encryption to avoid intercepting airborne wireless data by similar modules.
l   The module will internally use these two bytes as a calculation factor to transform and encrypt the over-the-air wireless signal.
08H| Write| CRYPT L| Key low byte (default 0)
80H~86H| Read-only| PID| Product information 7 bytes| l   Product information 7 bytes

7.3 Factory default parameter

|

Factory default parameters ： C0 00 00 62 00 17

---|---
Model No.| Frequency| Address| Channel| Air data rate| Baud rate| Parity format| Power
E22-400T30D| 433MHz| 0x0000| 0x17| 2.4kbps| 9600| 8N1| 30dBm

Repeater networking mode

No.|

Description

---|---
1| After setting the repeater mode by configuration, switch to the normal mode and the repeater starts working.
2| In the repeater mode, ADDH, ADDL is no longer used as the module address, but is correspondingly paired with the NETID. If the data of one of the networks is received, it is forwarded to another network. The network ID of the repeater itself is invalid.
3| In repeater mode, the repeater module cannot transmit and receive data, and cannot perform low-power operations.
4| The user enters the other mode from mode 3 (sleep mode) or during the reset process, the module resets the user parameters during which the AUX outputs low level.

Repeater networking rules:

1. Forwarding rules, the repeater can forward data in both directions between two NETIDs.
2. In repeater mode, ADDH\ADDL is no longer used as the module address, and it is used as a NETID forwarding pairing flag.
   Figure:
   1 Primary repeater
   “Node 1” NETID is 08.
   “Node 2” NETID is 33.
   Primary repeater 1‘s ’ADDH\ADDL are 08，33.
   So the signal sent by node 1 (08) can be forwarded to node 2 (33)
   At the same time, node 1 and node 2 have the same address, so the data transmitted by node 1 can be received by node 2.
   ② Secondary repeater
   Secondary repeater’s ADDH\ADDL are 33，05.
   Therefore, Repeater 2 can forward the data repeater 1 to the network NETID:

3. Thus node 3 and node 4 can receive node 1 data. Node 4 outputs data normally, and node 3 has a different address than node 1, so no data is output.

Configuration instructions on a computer

• The following figure shows the E22-400T30D configuration host computer display interface, the user can switch to the command mode through M0M1, and quickly configure and read the parameters on the computer.
  

• In the configuration on the computer, the module address, frequency channel, network ID, and key are all in decimal mode. The
  range of values of each parameter is:
  Network address: 0-65535
  Frequency channel: 0-83
  Network ID: 0-255
  Key: 0-65535

• When the user configures the repeater mode using the host computer, special attention must be paid. Since the parameters are in a decimal mode in the host computer, the module address and network ID need to be converted into hexadecimal. For example, if the network ID input by the transmitting end A is 02, and the network ID input by the receiving end B is 10 when the repeater end R sets the module address, the hexadecimal value 0X020A is converted into the decimal value 522 as the repeater end R. Module address. That is, the module address value of the repeater terminal R is 522 at this time.

Hardware design

• High-frequency digital routing, high-frequency analog routing, and power routing must be avoided under the module. If it is necessary to pass through the module, assume that the module is soldered to the Top Layer, and the copper is spread on the Top Layer of the module contact part(well-grounded), it must be close to the digital part of
  the module and routed in the Bottom Layer；

• Assuming the module is soldered or placed over the Top Layer, it is wrong to randomly route over the Bottom Layer or other layers, which will affect the module’s spurs and receiving sensitivity to varying degrees；

• It is assumed that there are devices with large electromagnetic interference around the module that will greatly affect the performance. It is recommended to keep them away from the module according to the strength of the interference. If necessary, appropriate isolation and shielding can be done；

• Assume that there are traces with large electromagnetic interference (high-frequency digital, high-frequency analog, power traces) around the module that will greatly affect the performance of the module. It is recommended to stay away from the module according to the strength of the interference.If necessary, appropriate isolation and shielding can be done.

• If the communication line uses a 5V level, a 1k-5.1k resistor must be connected in series (not recommended, there is still a risk of damage)；

• Try to stay away from some physical layers such as TTL protocol at 2.4GHz, for example, USB3.0；

FAQ

11.1 Communication range is too short

• The communication distance will be affected when an obstacle exists.
• Data loss rate will be affected by temperature, humidity, and co-channel interference.
• The ground will absorb and reflect wireless radio waves, so the performance will be poor when testing near the ground.
• Seawater has a great ability in absorbing wireless radio waves, so performance will be poor when testing near the sea.
• The signal will be affected when the antenna is near a metal object or put in a metal case.
• Power register was set incorrectly, air data rate is set as too high (the higher the air data rate, the shorter the distance).
• The power supply low voltage under room temperature is lower than 2.5V, the lower the voltage, the lower the transmitting power.
• Due to antenna quality or poor matching between antenna and module.

11.2 Module is easy to damage

• Please check the power supply source, ensure it is 2.0V~3.6V, voltage higher than 3.6V will damage the module.
• Please check the stability of power source, the voltage cannot fluctuate too much.
• Please make sure antistatic measures are taken when installing and using, high-frequency devices have electrostatic susceptibility.
• Please ensure the humidity is within limited range, some parts are sensitive to humidity.
• Please avoid using modules under too high or too low temperatures.

11.3 BER(Bit Error Rate) is high

• There are co-channel signal interference nearby, please be away from interference sources or modify frequency and channel to avoid interference;
• Poor power supply may cause messy code. Make sure that the power supply is reliable.
• The extension line and feeder quality are poor or too long, so the bit error rate is high;

Production guidance

12.1 Reflow soldering temperature

Profile Feature

| Curve characteristics| Sn-Pb Assembly|

Pb-Free Assembly

---|---|---|---
Solder Paste| Solder paste| Sn63/Pb37| Sn96.5/Ag3/Cu0.5
Preheat Temperature min （Tasmin）| Min preheating temp.| 100℃| 150℃
Preheat temperature max (Tmax)| Mx preheating temp.| 150℃| 200℃
Preheat Time (Tasmin to Tsmax)(ts)| Preheating time| 60-120 sec| 60-120 sec
Average ramp-up rate(Ts max to Tp)| Average ramp-up rate| 3℃/second max| 3℃/second max
Liquidous Temperature (TL)| Liquid phase temp.| 183℃| 217℃
Time（to）Maintained Above（TL）| Time below liquid phase line| 60-90 sec| 30-90 sec
Peak temperature（Tp）| Peak temp.| 220-235℃| 230-250℃
Average ramp-down rate（Tp to Tsmax）| Average ramp-down rate| 6℃/second max| 6℃/second max
Time 25℃ to peak temperature| Time to peak temperature for 25℃| max 6 minutes| max 8 minutes

12.2 Reflow soldering curve

E22 series

Model No.| Core IC| Frequency Hz| Tx power dBm| Distance km| Package| Size mm| Interface
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---
E22-900T22S| SX1262| 868M 915M| 22| 7| SMD| 1626| UART
E22-230T22S| SX1262| 230M| 22| 7| SMD| 1626| UART
E22-400T22S| SX1268| 430M 470M| 22| 7| SMD| 1626| UART
E22-400M30S| SX1268| 433M 470M| 30| 12| SMD| 2438.5| SPI
E22-900M30S| SX1262| 868M 915M| 30| 12| SMD| 2438.5| SPI
E22-900M22S| SX1262| 868M 915M| 22| 6.5| SMD| 1420| SPI
E22-400M22S| SX1268| 433M 470M| 22| 6.5| SMD| 1420| SPI
E22-230T30S| SX1262| 230M| 30| 10| SMD| 40.525| UART
E22-400T30S| SX1268| 430M 470M| 30| 10| SMD| 40.525| CART
E22-900T30S| SX1262| 868M 915M| 30| 10| SMD| 40.525| UART

Antenna recommendation

The antenna is an important role in the communication process. A good antenna can largely improve the communication system. Therefore, we recommend some antennas for wireless modules with excellent performance and reasonable prices.

Model No.

| Type| Frequency Hz| Interface| Gain dBi| Height| Cable|

Function feature

---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---
TX433-NP-4310| Flexible PCB antenna| 433M| SMA-J| 2| 43.8*9.5mm| –| Embedded FPC antenna
TX433-JW-5| Rubber antenna| 433M| SMA-J| 2| 50mm| –| Flexible &omnidirectional
TX433-JWG-7| Rubber antenna| 433M| SMA-J| 2.5| 75mm| –| Flexible &omnidirectional
TX433-JK-20| Rubber antenna| 433M| SMA-J| 3| 210mm| –| Flexibl &omnidirectional
TX433-JK-11| Rubber antenna| 433M| SMA-J| 2.5| 110mm| –| Flexible &omnidirectional
TX433-XP-200| Sucker
antenna| 433M| SMA-J| 4| 19cm| 200cm| Sucker antenna, high gain
TX433-XPL-100| Sucker
antenna| 433M| SMA-J| 3.5| 18.5cm| 100cm| Sucker antenna, high
gain
TX433-XPH-300| Sucker
antenna| 433M| SMA-J| 6| 96.5cm| 300cm| Car sucker antenna, ultra
high gain
TX433-JZG-6| Rubber antenna| 433M| SMA-J| 2.5| 52mm| –| Short straight
&omnidirectional
TX433-JZ-5| Rubber
antenna| 433M| SMA-J| 2| 52mm| –| Short straight &omnidirectional
TX490-JZ-5| Rubber antenna| 470/490M| SMA-J| 2.0| 50mm| –| Short straight &omnidirectional
TX490-XPL-5| Sucker antenna| 470/490M| SMA-J| 3.5| 120mm| 100cm| Sucker antenna, high gain

Package for batch order

Version| Date| Description|

Issued by

---|---|---|---
1.00| 2018-01-08| Initial version| huaa
1.10| 2018-04-16| Content updated| huaa
1.20| 2020-11-26| Error correction| Linson

About us
Technical support: support@cdebyte.com
Documents and RF Setting download link: www.ebyte.com
Thank you for using Ebyte products! Please contact us with any questions or suggestions: info@cdebyte.com
————————————————————————————————————
Web: www.ebyte.com
Address: Building B5, Mould Industrial Park, 199# Xiqu Ave, West High-tech Zone, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China

Chengdu Ebyte Electronic Technology Co.,Ltd
Copyright ©2012–2018， Chengdu Ebyte Electronic Technology Co.,Ltd.

References

• 串口服务器_数传电台_4G DTU_遥控开关_LoRa/ZigBee/WiFi/蓝牙模块-成都亿佰特电子科技有限公司官网

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