EBYTE E52-400/900NW22S LoRa MESH Wireless Networking Module User Manual

June 2, 2024
ebyte

EBYTE E52-400/900NW22S LoRa MESH Wireless Networking Module

Product Information

  • Specifications:
    • Product Model: E52-400/900NW22S
    • Frequency Range:
    • E52-400NW22S: 410.125~509.125 MHz (default 433.125 MHz)
    • E52-900NW22S: 850.125~929.125 MHz (default 868.125 MHz)
    • Maximum Output Power: +22 dBm
    • Maximum Air Rate: 62.5K
    • Maximum Baud Rate: 460800 bps
    • Networking Technology: LoRa MESH
    • Functions: Decentralization, self-routing, network self-healing, multi-level routing
    • Applications: Smart home, industrial sensors, wireless alarm security systems, building automation, smart agriculture

Product Usage Instructions

  • Installation
    • Follow the installation guide provided in the user manual to mount the E52-400/900NW22S module securely.
  • Configuration
    • Configure the module’s settings such as frequency range, output power, and communication methods according to your application requirements.
  • Networking
    • Initiate the LoRa MESH network by allowing nodes to automatically establish routes and communicate with each other using CSMA avoidance technology.
  • Data Transmission
    • Select the appropriate communication method (Unicast, Multicast, Broadcast, Anycast) for data transmission based on your specific use case.

FAQs

Q: Can I change the default operating frequency of the E52-400/900NW22S module?

A: Yes, you can configure the operating frequency within the specified frequency ranges as mentioned in the user manual.

Q: What is the maximum supported baud rate of the E52-400/900NW22S module?

A: The maximum supported baud rate is 460800 bps.

Q: How does the CSMA avoidance technology help in reducing data collision errors?

A: The CSMA avoidance mechanism prevents nodes from sending data simultaneously, reducing the chances of data collision and errors in wireless communication.

Disclaimer and Copyright Notice

  • The information in this article, including URL addresses for reference, is subject to change without notice.
  • Documentation is provided “as is” without warranty of any kind, including any warranty of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, or non-infringement, and any warranty mentioned elsewhere in any proposal, specification or sample. This document disclaims all liability, including liability for infringement of any patent rights arising from the use of the information contained in this document.
  • No license, express or implied, to the use of any intellectual property rights is granted herein by estoppel or otherwise.
  • The test data obtained in this article are all obtained from Ebyte laboratory testing, and the actual results may be slightly different.
  • All trade names, trademarks and registered trademarks mentioned in this article are the property of their respective owners and are hereby acknowledged.
  • The final right of interpretation belongs to Chengdu Yibaite Electronic Technology Co., Ltd.
  • Note: The contents of this manual may change due to product version upgrades or other reasons.
  • Ebyte Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. reserves the right to modify the contents of this manual without any notice or prompt.
  • This manual is only used as a guide. Chengdu Yibaite Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. makes every effort to provide accurate information in this manual. However, Chengdu Yibaite Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. does not ensure that the content of the manual is completely error-free.
  • All statements in this manual, information and recommendations do not constitute any express or implied warranty.

Product Description

Product Introduction

  • E52-400/900NW22S is a wireless serial port LoRa MESH networking module based on LoRa spread spectrum technology. The maximum output power is +22 dBm, the maximum air rate can reach 62.5K, and the maximum supported baud rate is 460800 bps.
  • The operating frequency range of the E52-400NW22S module is 410.125~509.125 MHz (default 433.125 MHz), and the operating frequency range of the E52-900NW22S module is 850.125~929.125 MHz (default 868.125 MHz).
  • E52-400/900NW22S adopts the new LoRa MESH networking technology, which has the functions of decentralization, self-routing, network self-healing, multi-level routing, etc. It is suitable for smart home and industrial sensors, wireless alarm security systems, building automation solutions, Smart agriculture and other application scenarios.EBYTE-E52-400-900NW22S-LoRa-MESH-Wireless-Networking-Module-fig-1 \(1\)

Function description

  • The LoRa MESH network adopts a decentralized structure. The entire network is composed of only two types of nodes: terminal nodes and routing nodes. There is no need for a central node or coordinator to participate in network management; users can also build a MESH network using only routing nodes.
  • Routing nodes are similar to terminal nodes, but terminal nodes do not have routing functions. Terminal nodes are generally deployed at the edge of the network and are generally used to design low-power nodes, but currently do not support low-power functions.
  • Routing nodes need to continuously receive data from the network for routing updates and data forwarding, so routing nodes cannot be used as low-power nodes.
  • CSMA avoidance technology is adopted in the MESH network. The CSMA avoidance mechanism can prevent nodes from sending wireless data at the same time as much as possible and reduce the probability of data collision errors.
  • The routing node will automatically collect information from surrounding nodes to form a multi-hop communication network; when a link fails or is abnormal, the routing node will re-establish a new path after several consecutive communication failures.
  • The network supports four communication methods, Unicast, Multicast, Broadcast and Anycast. Users can choose different communication methods according to different application scenarios.
  • Among them, unicast and broadcast are the simplest and most basic communication methods. In unicast mode, routes will be automatically established and request responses will be returned to determine the data transmission path; in broadcast mode, all routing nodes will start a data relay after receiving data.
  • The multicast mechanism is relatively complex and can achieve one-to-many communication. Users need to configure the multicast group address first, similar to a public address. Anycast is usually used for data exchange between different networks. Data will not be forwarded under anycast.
  • Under anycast, two communication methods, unicast and broadcast, can be implemented depending on the target address. Users can transmit any data to any module within the communication range.
  • During network transmission, data will be encrypted using special algorithms by default to ensure data privacy and security. In addition, to avoid data errors caused by interference from other nodes, multiple verifications are performed on the data at the network layer to ensure the reliability and accuracy of the transmitted data.
  • LoRa MESH: Using an advanced LoRa modulation method, it has the advantage of long-distance anti-interference, greatly improving the coverage of the entire MESH network;
  • Super large network capacity: the theoretical number of the LoRa MESH network is as high as 65535, and the proposed network size is about 200;
  • Decentralization: The entire network is composed of only two types of nodes: terminal nodes and routing nodes, and there is no need for a central node or coordinator to participate in network management;
  • Automatic routing: When initiating a data request, each routing node can automatically initiate connections with surrounding nodes to determine the data transmission path, without the need for the coordinator to participate in path planning;
  • Network self-healing: When a link fails, the routing node re-establishes a new path after several communication attempts fail;
  • Multi-level routing: Routing nodes can automatically transmit data to lower-level routing, and the automatically generated routing table controls the transmission direction of data;
  • Path optimization: Routing information will be continuously and automatically updated and optimized with data transmission in the network to ensure the stability of the entire network;
  • Avoidance mechanism: CSMA avoidance mechanism can greatly reduce the possibility of air signal collision;
  • Communication methods: Supports four communication methods: Unicast, Multicast, Broadcast and Anycast;
  • E52-400NW22S module frequency range: works in the 410.125 ~ 509.125 MHz frequency band, supports 100 channels, and the channel spacing is 1 MHz;
  • E52-900NW22S module frequency range: works at 850.125 ~ 929.125 MHz, supports 80 channels, and the channel interval is 1 MHz;
  • Multiple verification: ensure the reliability and accuracy of the data transmission process;
  • Multiple verification: ensure the reliability and accuracy of the data transmission process;
  • High throughput: The entire network is combined in time and space to achieve high concurrency performance;
  • Remote configuration: Supports remote changes of basic communication parameters of the entire network.

Network topology

LoRa MESH network supports two types of devices: routing nodes and terminal nodes.

  • Routing node: The routing node receives data in the network for routing updates and data forwarding.
  • Terminal node: Terminal nodes do not have routing functions and are generally deployed at the edge of the network.
  • The network topology of routing nodes and terminal nodes is as shown in the figure:EBYTE-E52-400-900NW22S-LoRa-MESH-Wireless-Networking-Module-fig-1 \(2\)

Application scenario

  • Smart home and industrial sensors, etc.
  • Wireless alarm security system;
  • Building automation solutions;
  • Smart agriculture;
  • Smart logistics and warehousing.

Specifications

Limit parameters

The main parameters Performance Remark
Minimum value Maximum value
Voltage 0V 3.6V

the module may be burned. There is no LDO inside the module. It is recommended to connect a n external 3.3V LDO.
Operating temperature| -40℃| +85℃| Industrial grade design
Working humidity| 10%| 90%| –
Storage temperature| -40℃| +125℃| –

Working parameters

The main parameters Performance Remark

Minimum

m value

| Typical

value

| Maximum

m value

Working voltage (V)| 1.8| 3.3| 3.6| ≥3.3V can guarantee the output power. If it exceeds 3.6V, the module may be burned. There is no LDO inside the module. It is recommended to

connect an external 3.3V LDO.

Communication level (V)|  | 3.3|  | It is recommended to add level conversion when

using 5.0V TTL

Working temperature

( )

| -40| –| +85| Industrial grade design

Working frequency band (MHz)

| 410.125| 433.125| 509.125| E52-400NW22S module working frequency band,

supports ISM frequency band

850.125| 868.125| 929.125| E52-900NW22S module working frequency band,

supports ISM frequency band

Power consumption| Emission

current (mA)

| –| 128| –| Instantaneous power consumption
Working

current (mA)

| –| 14| –| –
Transmit power (dBm)| -9| 22| 22| User configurable
Over-the-air rate (bps)| 7K| 62.5K| 62.5K| Three air speed levels are available (62.5K,

21.875K, 7K)

Receiving sensitivity

(dBm)

| -121| -116| -111| Sensitivity corresponding to three air speeds
The main parameters| Description| Remark
---|---|---

Reference distance

| 2.5 Km| In a clear and open environment, the antenna gain is 3.5dBi, the

antenna height is 2.5 meters, and the air rate is 7Kbps.

2.0 Km| In a clear and open environment, the antenna gain is 3.5dBi, the

antenna height is 2.5 meters, and the air rate is 21.875Kbps.

1.6 Km| In a clear and open environment, the antenna gain is 3.5dBi, the

antenna height is 2.5 meters, and the air rate is 62.5Kbps.

Subcontracting method| 200 Btye| The maximum capacity of a single package. It is prohibited to

exceed the maximum capacity.

Modulation| LoRa| –

Communication Interface

| UART serial

port

|

3.3V TTL level

Packaging method| SMD type| –
Dimensions| 20*14mm| ±0.1mm
Antenna interface| IPEX/stamp

hole

| Characteristic impedance is about 50Ω
Weight| 1.2g| ±0.1g

Mechanical Dimensions

Mechanical Dimensions and Pin Definition

EBYTE-E52-400-900NW22S-LoRa-MESH-Wireless-Networking-Module-fig-1
\(3\)

PIN Pin name Pin direction Pin usage
1 PB3 Input / Output Some function indication pins, high level by default,

active low level

(connected to test suite LED2)

2| PB4| Input / Output| RF transmission indication pin, default high level, active low level

(connected to test suite LED1)

3| PB5| Input / Output| Not used yet, NC recommended
4| PB6| Input / Output| Not used yet, NC recommended
5| PB7| Input / Output| Not used yet, NC recommended
6| PB8| Input / Output| Not used yet, NC recommended
7| PA0| Input / Output| Default is high level, pull it low when power on to enter the Bootloader

(connected to the test suite KEY button)

8| PA1| Input / Output| Not used yet, NC recommended
9| PA2| Input / Output| UART_TXD, serial port transmit pin
10| PA3| Input / Output| UART_RXD, serial port receiving pin
11| PA4| Input / Output| Not used yet, NC recommended
12| PA5| Input / Output| Not used yet, NC recommended
13| GND| Input / Output| Ground wire, connected to the power reference ground
14| ANT| Input / Output| Antenna interface, 50Ω characteristic impedance (connected to SMA

interface of test kit)

15| GND| Input / Output| Ground wire, connected to the power reference ground
16| PA8| Input / Output| Not used yet, NC recommended
17| NRST| Input| Reset pin, default high level, active low level (connected to test suite RST

button)

18| PA9| Input / Output| Not used yet, NC recommended
19| PA12| Input / Output| Not used yet, NC recommended
20| PA11| Input / Output| Not used yet, NC recommended
21| PA10| Input / Output| Not used yet, NC recommended
22| PB12| Input / Output| Not used yet, NC recommended
23| PB2| Input / Output| Not used yet, NC recommended
24| PB0| Input / Output| Not used yet, NC recommended
25| PA15| Input / Output| Not used yet, NC recommended
26| PC13| Input / Output| Not used yet, NC recommended
27| GND| Input / Output| Ground wire, connected to the power reference ground
28| VDD| Input| Power supply VDD, the maximum input voltage is 3.6V, it is recommended to supply power through 3.3V LDO
29| STUDIO| –| Debug pin
30| SWCLK| –| Debug pin

Recommended Connection Diagram

EBYTE-E52-400-900NW22S-LoRa-MESH-Wireless-Networking-Module-fig-1
\(4\)

Serial number| Brief connection instructions between the module and the microcontroller (the above figure takes the STM8L microcontroller as an example)
---|---
1| The wireless serial port module is TTL level, please connect it to a 3.3V TTL level MCU.
2| When using a 5V microcontroller, please perform UART-level conversion.
3| TVS protection and capacitors need to be added to the outside of the power supply (it is recommended to add a 22uF low ESR electrolytic capacitor or tantalum capacitor).
4| The RF module is sensitive to pulse static electricity. Please do not hot- swap the module.
5| There is no LDO inside the module. It is recommended to connect an external 3.3V LDO for power supply.

Test Suite

Test Suite Introduction

EBYTE-E52-400-900NW22S-LoRa-MESH-Wireless-Networking-Module-fig-1
\(5\)

  • The E52-400/900NW22S-TB test kit is designed to help users quickly evaluate module-related functions. For first-time use, it is recommended to purchase several test kits directly for testing (the test kit has been soldered with the E52-400/900NW22S module).
  • The hardware integrates a power supply circuit, reset circuit, button circuit, power indicator light PWR, work indicator LED, etc., and an 18650 battery box is reserved at the bottom. Customers can install 18650 batteries by themselves for testing.
  • The test kit has connected the required pins of the module to the corresponding peripherals, the most important of which is the TTL to USB circuit. Users only need to connect the Micro USB to the computer, and a COM port will appear on the computer’s device manager.
  • If you do not see the corresponding COM, there may be the following possibilities:
  • The CH340 driver is being installed automatically, please wait patiently for a while; if the driver cannot be installed automatically, you need to install it manually.
  • Check whether the module power light PWR is on and whether the module is supplying power normally.
  • Download any serial port debugging tool. Under the relevant downloads on the official website, there is the XCOM serial port debugging assistant;
  • Open the serial port debugging assistant, follow the above steps to simply set up the software, and send “AT+INFO=?” to read the module-related parameters.EBYTE-E52-400-900NW22S-LoRa-MESH-Wireless-Networking-Module-fig-1 \(7\)

Command Introduction

Introduction to AT commands

  • AT instructions are divided into three categories: command instructions, setting instructions and query instructions;
  • AT command uses 115200 bps baud rate by default, without sending new lines;
  • Different AT commands require different numbers of input parameters. Different parameters need to be separated by “,”. The input parameters are uniformly decimal values. You need to read the instruction set carefully for details. If the number of input parameters of the AT command is wrong, the serial port will Return data similar to “AT+DST_ADDR=CMD_ERR”.
  • Some AT command parameters will be restricted. If the AT command input value is wrong, the serial port will return data similar to “AT+DST_ADDR=CMD_VALUE_ERR”;
  • If the parameter setting is successful, the serial port will return data similar to “AT+DST_ADDR=OK”;
  • Data in non-AT command sets will be considered transparent data, and the module will initiate a data request, so you should try to avoid sending data starting with “AT+”;
  • After using the saved instructions, all parameters inside the current module will be saved. Most of the setting instructions will be saved directly to Flash. Only some common setting instructions can be saved to Flash according to the parameters.

Command instruction set

  • The command instruction has no suffix and only requires “AT+RESET” to restart the module.
Command Instruction Function Description
AT+IAP Enter IAP upgrade mode After returning AT+IAP=OK, the module

immediately restarts and enters the IAP upgrade mode. It remains powered on for about 30 seconds and automatically exits the IAP upgrade mode.
AT+RESET| Module restart| After returning AT+RESET=OK, the module will restart immediately.
AT+DEFAULT| Restore module to factory settings| After returning AT+DAFAULT=OK, the parameters will be restored to factory values, and then restart immediately.

Query instruction set

  • The suffix of the query command is “=?”. For example, in the query module-related information command “AT+INFO=?”, the module will return the main parameters of the module.
Query command Function Description
AT+INFO=? Query the main parameters of the module Important command, returns

the main parameters of the module (displayed and used by the serial port assistant)

AT+DEVTYPE=?

| Query module module

model

|

Return the device model such as E52-400NW22S

AT+FWCODE=?

| Query module firmware

code

|

Return the firmware code such as 7460-0-10

AT+POWER=?

| Query module transmit

power

|

Returns RF output power

AT+CHANNEL=?

| Query module working

channel

|

Return to RF working channel

AT+UART=?

| Query module serial port

parameters

|

Returns the serial port baud rate and check digit

AT+RATE=?

|

Query module air rate

| Return module air rate [0:62.5K  1:21.825K  2:7K]

AT+OPTION=?

| Query module

communication method

| Important command, return module communication

method

AT+PANID=?

| Query network

identification code

|

Return network identifier

AT+TYPE=?

| Query the node type of the

module

|

Return module type (routing node/terminal node)

AT+SRC_ADDR=?

| Query the address of the

current module

| Important instruction, returns the address of the

current module

AT+DST_ADDR=?

| Query the address of the

target module

| Important instruction, returns the address of the target

module

AT+SRC_PORT=?

| Query the port of the

current module

|

Returns the port of the current module

AT+DST_PORT=?

| Query the port of the target

module

|

Returns the port of the target module

AT+MEMBER_RAD=?

| Query multicast member

radius

| Returns the propagation radius of multicast members.

The larger the radius, the greater the coverage.

AT+NONMEMBER_RAD=?

| Query multicast

non-member radius

| Returns the multicast non-member propagation radius.

The larger the radius, the greater the coverage.

AT+CSMA_RNG=?

| Query CSMA random

avoidance time

|

Returns the maximum random avoidance time

AT+ROUTER_SCORE=?

| Maximum number of

consecutive route query failures

| Returns the maximum number of consecutive failures.

If this number is exceeded, routing information will be removed.

AT+HEAD=?

| Query whether the extra frame header function is

enabled

| Returns whether the extra frame header function is enabled
---|---|---

AT+BACK=?

| Example Query whether the function of sending

return messages is enabled

| Return Whether the function of sending return messages is enabled

AT+SECURITY=?

| Query whether the data

the encryption function is enabled

| Returns whether the data encryption function is enabled

AT+RESET_AUX=?

| Query whether LED2

changes during automatic reset

| Returns whether LED2 changes to turn on when the radio frequency is restarted.

AT+RESET_TIME=?

| Query the automatic reset

time

| Returns the radio frequency automatic restart time,

unit min

AT+FILTER_TIME=?

| Query broadcast filter

timeout

|

Returns the broadcast filter timeout

AT+ACK_TIME=?

| Query request response

timeout

|

Return request response timeout

AT+ROUTER_TIME=?

| Query routing request

timeout

|

Returns the routing request timeout

AT+GROUP_ADD=?

|

Query GROUP information

|

Return multicast group address table

AT+GROUP_DEL=?

AT+GROUP_CLR=?

AT+ROUTER_CLR=?

|

Query routing table information

|

Return routing table information

AT+ROUTER_SAVE=?

AT+ROUTER_READ=?

AT+MAC=?

| Query MAC unique

address

|

Returns the MCU’s unique 32-bit MAC address

AT+KEY=?

|

Query encryption key

|

Unable to read to avoid key leakage

Setting up the instruction set

  • Set the command suffix to “=%d,%d,%d”, for example, set the module target address command “AT+DST_ADDR=25640,0”, the first parameter is the target address, and the second parameter is whether to save to Flash, the middle needs to be separated by “,”.
  • If there is no parameter in the setting command, it will be saved in Flash.

Setup instructions

|

Function

|

Description

---|---|---

AT+INFO=0

| Query module advanced parameters| Return to the module for more advanced

setting parameters (displayed using the serial port assistant)

AT+POWER=,

| Set module transmit

power

| : RF output power (-9 ~ +22 dBm)

: whether to save to Flash

AT+CHANNEL=,

|

Set module working channel

|

E52-400NW22S frequency band: RF working channel (0 ~ 99)

E52-900NW22S frequency band: RF working channel (0 ~ 79)

: whether to save to Flash

AT+UART=,

|

Set module serial port parameters

| Restart takes effect

: serial port baud rate (1200 ~ 460800) : Check digit (8N1 8E1 8O1)

AT+RATE=

|

Set module air rate

|

_:_ 0:62.5K  1:21.825K  2:7K

AT+OPTION=

|

Set module communication method

| Commonly used instructions, generally broadcast and unicast

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