CASIO AP-S450 Digital Upright Piano Instruction Manual

CASIO AP-S450 Digital Upright Piano

Product Information

Specifications

• Model: AP-S450/AP-550/AP-750
• MIDI Implementation: Yes
• Manufacturer: CASIO COMPUTER CO., LTD.

Overview
The AP-S450/AP-550/AP-750 is a versatile musical instrument that can be used as a MIDI device. It consists of three main sections: System Section, Performance Controller Section, and Sound Generator Section.

System Section

The System Section controls the overall settings and configuration of the instrument. It includes features such as MIDI message send/receive settings and system exclusive messages.

Performance Controller Section
The Performance Controller Section allows you to control various aspects of your performance, such as modulation, portamento, volume, pan, and expression.

Sound Generator Section
The Sound Generator Section is responsible for generating the actual sound. It includes features like note on/off, control change, program change, channel pressure, and pitch bend change.

About the Timbre Type
The Timbre Type refers to the specific sound or instrument assigned to each instrument part. This allows you to create layered or split sounds by assigning different timbres to different parts.

Controlling Send/Receive of MIDI Messages in Each Instrument Part

You can control the send/receive of MIDI messages in each instrument part. This means you can choose which MIDI messages are sent from the instrument and which messages are received by the instrument for each part.

Conditions that Disable Message Send and Receive
There are certain conditions that can disable the send/receive of MIDI messages. These conditions may include specific settings,modes, or actions performed on the instrument. Refer to the user manual for more information on these conditions.

Channel Message

Note Off
The Note Off message is used to stop the playback of a specific note. It includes parameters such as the note number and velocity.

Note On
The Note On message is used to start the playback of a specific note. It includes parameters such as the note number, velocity, and duration.

Control Change
The Control Change message is used to modify various control parameters. There are several control change options available:

• Bank Select
• Modulation wheel or lever
• Portamento Time
• Data Entry
• Volume
• Pan
• Expression Controller
• Damper pedal (Sustain)
• Portamento On/Off
• Sostenuto
• Soft Pedal
• Filter Resonance
• Release Time
• Attack Time
• Filter Cutoff Frequency
• Vibrato Rate
• Vibrato Depth
• Vibrato Delay

Program Change
The Program Change message is used to change the program or instrument assigned to a specific channel. It includes parameters such as the program number.

Channel Pressure (Aftertouch)
The Channel Pressure message is used to apply pressure or modulation to the entire channel. It includes parameters such as the pressure value.

Pitch Bend Change
The Pitch Bend Change message is used to control the pitch bendof a specific note. It includes parameters such as the pitch bend value.

System Message

Active Sensing
The Active Sensing message is a system message that indicates the continuous operation of the MIDI communication. It ensures the stability and reliability of the MIDI data transmission.

System Exclusive Message
The System Exclusive Message is used for various system-specific operations and settings. There are three types of System Exclusive Messages:

• Universal Real Time System Exclusive Message
• Universal Non Real Time System Exclusive Message
• CASIO General System Exclusive

Setting Values and Send/Receive Values
The instrument allows you to set various values and control the send/receive of MIDI messages. Refer to the Setting Value Tables in the user manual for more information on specific settings and values.

Off/On Setting Value Table
The Off/On Setting Value Table provides a reference for setting specific values on/off for different parameters. This table helps you customize the behavior and functionality of the instrument.

FAQ

Q: How do I change the instrument assigned to a specific channel?
A: To change the instrument assigned to a specific channel, use the Program Change message and specify the desired program number.

Q: How can I control the volume of a specific instrument part?
A: Use the Control Change message with the Volume parameter to control the volume of a specific instrument part.

Q: Can I apply modulation to a specific note?
A: Yes, you can apply modulation to a specific note using the Modulation wheel or lever control change message.

Overview

Product Configuration as a MIDI Device
As a MIDI device, this Instrument consists of the System Section, Sound Generator Section, and Performance
Controller Section described below. Each of these sections can send and receive specific MIDI
Messages in accordance with its function.

1. System Section
   The System Section manages the Instrument status and user data.

2. Performance Controller Section
   The Performance Controller Section performs keyboard play and controller operations, and generates performance messages. Basically, generated performance messages are sent to external destinations while also being transmitted to the Sound Generator Section. The channel number of the sent channel message is in accordance with the Instrument’s MIDI setting. For details about the MIDI setting, see the Instrument’s User’s Guide.

3. Sound Generator Section
   The Sound Generator Section mainly performs receive of performance information and sound source setting information. It consists of a common part that does not depend on the channel and a musical instrument part that is independent of each channel.

4. Sound Generator Common Block
   The common block consists of system effects, master control, etc. These can be controlled by effect function, or general universal system exclusive messages.

5. Instrument Part Block
   The instrument part section is devided into A, B, C group for every 16 parts, and it consists of a total of 48 parts. The settings of each part can be changed using channel messages. Of these, only the C group can be controlled by external channel messages.
   The functions assigned to each part are shown below.

Port| Part number| MIDI Receive Ch| MIDI Transmit ch| Assigned Function| Details
---|---|---|---|---|---
A| 01| –| 1-16| Upper1| –
A| 02| –| 1-16| Upper2| –
A| 03| –| 1-16| Lower1| –
A| 04| –| –| –| –
A| 05| –| –| –| –
A| 06| –| –| –| –
A| 07| –| –| –| –
A| 08| –| –| Metronome| –
A| 09| –| –| –| –
A| 10| –| –| –| –
A| 11| –| –| –| –
A| 12| –| –| –| –
A| 13| –| –| –| –
A| 14| –| –| –| –
A| 15| –| –| –| –
A| 16| –| –| –| –
Port| Part number| MIDI Receive Ch| MIDI Transmit Ch|

Assigned Function

|

Details

B| 17| –| –| Recorder| System Track Upper1
B| 18| –| –| Recorder| System Track Upper2
B| 19| –| –| Recorder| System Track Lower1
B| 20| –| –| –| –
B| 21| –| –| –| –
B| 22| –| –| –| –
B| 23| –| –| –| –
B| 24| –| –| Precount| –
B| 25| –| –| –| –
B| 26| –| –| –| –
B| 27| –| –| –| –
B| 28| –| –| –| –
B| 29| –| –| –| –
B| 30| –| –| –| –
B| 31| –| –| –| –
B| 32| –| –| –| –
Port| Part number| MIDI Receive Ch| MIDI Transmit Ch| Assigned Function| Details
---|---|---|---|---|---
C| 33| 1| –| MIDI/Song Play/Recorder| Recorder Solo Track
C| 34| 2| –| MIDI/Song Play| –
C| 35| 3| –| MIDI/Song Play| –
C| 36| 4| –| MIDI/Song Play| –
C| 37| 5| –| MIDI/Song Play| –
C| 38| 6| –| MIDI/Song Play| –
C| 39| 7| –| MIDI/Song Play| –
C| 40| 8| –| MIDI/Song Play| –
C| 41| 9| –| MIDI/Song Play| –
C| 42| 10| –| MIDI/Song Play| –
C| 43| 11| –| MIDI/Song Play| –
C| 44| 12| –| MIDI/Song Play| –
C| 45| 13| –| MIDI/Song Play| –
C| 46| 14| –| MIDI/Song Play| –
C| 47| 15| –| MIDI/Song Play| –
C| 48| 16| –| MIDI/Song Play| –

About the Timbre Type

Tones that are selected by each Instrument part have an attribute that depends on the sound source operation type. This attribute is called the “Timbre Type”, which is one of the types described below.

• LM (Linear Morphing) Piano
  This Timbre Type is for Linear Morphing piano tones. The decay rate of the voice being sounded and Damper Resonance effect characteristics are seamlessly altered in accordance with the depressed amount of damper pedal. The method for producing sound in response to the note messages also is different from that of the melody Timbre Type, and operation is optimized for piano.

• Melody
  This Timbre Type optimizes for normal melody tones. The damper pedal performs on/off operations.
  For information about tone selection, see ”8 Program Change.”

Controlling Send/Receive of MIDI Messages in Each Instrument Part
Send and receive of MIDI messages for each instrument part can be controlled by global Instrument MIDI settings and Instrument-specific system exclusive messages. See the Instrument’s User’s Guide for details.

Conditions that Disable Message Send and Receive
No MIDI messages at all can be sent or received while the instrument is starting up, shutting down, or accessing flash memory, etc.

Channel Message

Instrument Velocity Resolution The upper seven bits of the 14-bit resolution correspond to the Note On/Off message, while the lower seven bits correspond to the High Resolution Velocity Prefix message.

The initial default value for the lower 7 bits is 00H. Receipt of a High Resolution Prefix message causes the lower seven bits to be set, but note on is not performed.
Receipt of a Note On message causes the upper seven bits to be set with note on performed with 14-bit resolution Velocity.
The High Resolution Velocity Prefix message corresponds the message immediately following the Note On/Off message, and the lower seven bits are cleared to 00H immediately following note on by the Note On/Off message. 7-bit resolution note on using only the Note On/Off message also continues to be supported.
For details about each message, see ”5 Note Off”, ”6 Note On” and ”7.20 High Resolution Velocity Prefix”.

Format

Transmit Sent when something is played on the keyboard. The key number changes in accordance with on the Transpose function and Octave Shift function.
Receive Receipt stops a note being sounded by a note on message.
When a High Resolution Velocity Prefix message is received immediately prior to the Note Off message and the lower seven bits of the 14-bit Velocity are set, the 14-bit resolution note off is performed.
For information about the relationship between the Note Off message and High Resolution Velocity Prefix message, see ”Instrument Velocity Resolution” at the beginning of part II.

Note On

Transmit Sent when something is played on the keyboard. The key number changes in accordance with on the Transpose function and Octave Shift function.

Receive Receipt sounds a note of the corresponding instrument part.
When a High Resolution Velocity Prefix message is received immediately prior to the Note On message and the lower seven bits of the 14-bit Velocity are set, the 14-bit resolution note on is performed.
For information about the relationship between the Note On message and High Resolution Velocity Prefix message, see ”Instrument Velocity Resolution” at the beginning of part II.

Control Change

For details about messages, see each section of this manual that covers them.

Bank Select (00H,20H)

Note1: For details about the relationship between the MSB value and the tone, see the Tone List that comes with the Instrument’s User’s Guide.

Transmit Sent when a tone setup number is selected.
Receive Receipt causes a change in the tone bank number stored in Instrument memory, but the tone is not actually changed until a Program Change message is received. For details, see “8 Program Change”.

Modulation wheel or lever (01H)

Receive Receipt adds, to the tone being sounded, modulation of a depth specified by the value. In the case of a tone that already has modulation applied, receipt of this message increases the modulation depth. The modulation effect differs according to the tone being used.

Portamento Time (05H)

Receive Receipt changes the portamento application time.

Data Entry (06H,26H)

Transmit Sent when there is a change to the parameter assigned to RPN.
Receive Receipt changes the parameter assigned to RPN.

Volume (07H)

Transmit Sent when part volume is changed.
Receive Receipt changes the part volume.

Pan (0AH)

Note1: For information about the relationship between setting values and send/receive values, see “13.5 Pan Setting Value Table” in “IV Setting Values and Send/Receive Values”.

Receive Receipt changes the pan of the corresponding part.

Expression Controller (0BH)

Receive Receipt changes the Expression value.

Damper pedal (Sustain) (40H)

Transmit Sent when a pedal that has a damper(sustain) function is operated.
Receive Receipt performs an operation equivalent to a damper(sustain) pedal operation.
Timbre Type Specific Operation This operation differs in accordance with the Timbre Type (see “2 About the Timbre Type” ) setting.

• LM Piano
  Continuous control of the following is performed in accordance with the value of the received message.

  • Piano note decay rate
  • Resonance characteristics and decay rate of Damper Resonance effect see“ 13.2 Damper(Sustain) Pedal Setting Value Table ”in“ IV Setting Values and Send/Receive Values. ”

• Melody
  damper(sustain) off/on control is performed in accordance with the value of the received message.
  For information about the relationship between setting values and send/receive values, see the “ 13.1 Off/On Setting Value Table ”in“ IV Setting Values and Send/Receive Values ”.

Portamento On/Off (41H)

Note1: For information about the relationship between setting values and send/receive values, see the “13.1 Off/On Setting Value Table” in “IV Setting Values and Send/Receive Values” of this document.

Receive Receipt changes the portamento on/off setting.

Sostenuto (42H)

Note1: For information about the relationship between setting values and send/receive values, see the “13.1 Off/On Setting
Value Table” in “IV Setting Values and Send/Receive Values” of this document.
Transmit Sent when a pedal that has a sostenuto function is operated.
Receive Receipt performs an operation equivalent to a sostenuto pedal operation.

Soft Pedal (43H)

Note1: For information about the relationship between setting values and send/receive values, see the “13.3 Soft Pedal Setting Value Table” in “IV Setting Values and Send/Receive Values” of this document.
Transmit Sent when a pedal that has a soft function is operated.
Receive Receipt performs an operation equivalent to a soft pedal operation.

Filter Resonance (47H)

Receive Receipt changes the filter resonance intensity.

Release Time (48H)

Note1: For information about the relationship between setting values and send/receive values, see the “13.4 –64 – 0 – +63 Setting Value Table” in “IV Setting Values and Send/Receive Values” of this document.
Receive Receipt makes a relative change in the time it takes for a note to decay to zero after a key is released.

Attack Time (49H)

Note1: For information about the relationship between setting values and send/receive values, see the “13.4 –64 – 0 – +63 Setting Value Table” in “IV Setting Values and Send/Receive Values” of this document.
Receive Receipt makes a relative change in the time it takes for a note to rise to its maximum level.

Filter Cutoff Frequency (4AH)

Note1: For information about the relationship between setting values and send/receive values, see the “13.4 –64 – 0 – +63 Setting Value Table” in “IV Setting Values and Send/Receive Values” of this document.
Receive Receipt changes the filter cutoff frequency.

Vibrato Rate (4CH)

Note1: For information about the relationship between setting values and send/receive values, see the “13.4 –64 – 0 – +63 Setting Value Table” in “IV Setting Values and Send/Receive Values” of this document.
Receive Receipt changes the note vibrato rate.

Vibrato Depth (4DH)

Note1: For information about the relationship between setting values and send/receive values, see the “13.4 –64 – 0 – +63 Setting Value Table” in “IV Setting Values and Send/Receive Values” of this document.
Receive Receipt changes the depth of pitch modulation.

Vibrato Delay (4EH)

Note1: For information about the relationship between setting values and send/receive values, see the “13.4 –64 – 0 – +63 Setting Value Table” in “IV Setting Values and Send/Receive Values” of this document.
Receive Receipt changes the time it takes until note vibrato starts.

Portamento Control (54H)

Receive Receipt of this message first stores the Source Note Number for the next note. When the next Note On is received, the portamento effect is applied to the note using this Source Note Number as the pitch start point and the Note On event key number as the end point. If there already is a note being sounded by Source Note Number at this time, the new note on is not performed and the portamento effect is applied to the pitch of the note being sounded. That is to say that legato play is performed.

High Resolution Velocity Prefix (58H)

Transmit When Hi-Reso Velocity MIDI Out of this unit’s MIDI setting is On, sends the lower seven bits of 14-bit Velocity when a key is pressed or released.
Receive Receipt is handled, in combination with the following Note On/Off message, as the lower seven bits of 14-bit Velocity.
For information about the relationship between the Note On/Off message and High Resolution Velocity Prefix message, see ”Instrument Velocity Resolution” at the beginning of part II.

Reverb Send Level (5BH)

Receive Receipt changes the reverb send of the corresponding part.

Chorus Send Level (5DH)

Receive Receipt changes the chorus send of the corresponding part.

Delay Send Level (5EH)

Receive Receipt changes the delay send of the corresponding part.

RPN (Registered Parameter Number) LSB/MSB (64H,65H)

1. Pitch Bend Sensitivity
   Receive Receipt changes Bend Range of the corresponding part.

2. Channel Fine Tuning
   Transmit Sent with data entry LSB and MSB when the fine tuning of the part is changed.
   Receive Receipt changes the fine tuning of the corresponding part.

3. Channel Coarse Tuning
   Receive Receipt changes the coarse tune of the corresponding part.

4. RPN NULL
   Receive Receipt de-selects RPN.

All Sound Off (78H)

Receive Receipt stops all voices that are sounding.

Reset All Controllers (79H)

Receive Receipt initializes each performance controller.

All Notes Off (7BH)

Receive Receipt releases (key release) all voices that are sounding.

Omni Mode Off (All Notes Off) (7CH)

Receive Receipt performs the same operation as when All Notes Off is received.

Omni Mode On (All Notes Off) (7DH)

Receive Receipt performs the same operation as when All Notes Off is received.

Mono Mode On (Poly Mode Off) (All Notes Off) (7EH)

Receive Receipt performs the same operation as when All Notes Off is received.

Poly Mode On (Mono Mode Off) (All Notes Off) (7FH)

Receive Receipt performs the same operation as when All Notes Off is received.

Program Change

Note1: For details about the relationship between the program number and the tone, see the Tone List that comes with the Instrument’s User’s Guide.

Transmit Sent when a tone number is selected.
Receive Receipt changes the tone of the corresponding part. The selected tone is determined by the program value of this message and the Bank Select message value received prior to this message. Also note that receipt of this message also may change the Timbre Type that corresponds to the selected tone. For more information, see “2 About the Timbre Type” below.

Channel Pressure (Aftertouch)

Receive Receipt adds, to the tone being sounded, modulation of a depth specified by the value. In the case of a tone that already has modulation applied, receipt of this message increases the modulation depth. The modulation effect differs according to the tone being used.

Pitch Bend Change

Receive Receipt changes the pitch of the currently sounding note. The range of the pitch change depends on the Pitch Bend Sensitivity value setting in RPN. For information about the Pitch Bend Sensitivity, see the “7.24.1 Pitch Bend Sensitivitys” of this document.

System Message

Active Sensing

• Message Format: FEH

Receive Once this message is received, the Active Sensing mode is entered. If no MIDI message is received for a specified amount of time, voices being sounded by this Instrument’s sound source are released, the controller is reset, and the Active Sensing mode is exited.

System Exclusive Message

The Instrument sends and receives standard universal system exclusive messages, and system exclusive messages that have Instrument-specific formats (CASIO General System Exclusive).
ID Number The ID numbers handed by this Instrument are shown below.

Universal Real Time System Exclusive Message

1. Master Volume
   Receive Receipt changes the master volume.

2. Master Fine Tuning
   Note1: For information about the relationship between setting values and send/receive values, see “13.6 Fine Tuning Setting Value Table” in “IV Setting Values and Send/Receive Values” of this document.
   Transmit This message is sent when the tuning setting is changed.
   Receive Receipt changes the tuning setting.

3. Master Coarse Tuning
   Receive Receipt changes the the master coarse tuning parameter.

4. Reverb Type
   Note1: For information about the relationship between setting values and send/receive values, see “13.7 Reverb Type Setting Value Table” in “IV Setting Values and Send/Receive Values” of this document.
   Receive Receipt changes the reverb type.

5. Reverb Time
   Receive Receipt changes the reverb time.

6. Chorus Type
   Note1: For information about the relationship between setting values and send/receive values, see “13.8 Chorus Type Setting Value Table” in “IV Setting Values and Send/Receive Values” of this document.
   Receive Receipt changes the chorus type.

7. Modulation Rate
   Receive Receipt changes the chorus rate.

8. Modulation Depth
   Receive Receipt changes the chorus level setting.

9. Send To Reverb

Receive Receipt changes the chorus sent to reverb setting.

Universal Non Real Time System Exclusive Message

1. GM System On

   • Message Format: F0H 7EH 7FH 09H 01H F7H
     Receive Receipt changes the sound source to the GM default state.

2. GM System Off

   • Message Format: F0H 7EH 7FH 09H 02H F7H
     Receive Receipt changes the sound source setting to the Instrument presetting.

3. GM2 System On

   • Message Format: F0H 7EH 7FH 09H 03H F7H
     Receive Though the Instrument does not support GM2, receipt of the GM2 System On message has the same result as receipt of the GM System On message.

CASIO General System Exclusive

This message can be used to perform sound source parameter operations.

1. Reverb Type
   Note1: For information about the relationship between setting values and send/receive values, see “13.9 Reverb Type (CASIO General System Exclusive) Setting Value Table” in “IV Setting Values and Send/Receive Values” of this document.
   Transmit Sent when hall simulator/reverb type is changed.
   Receive Receipt changes the reverb type.

2. Chorus Type
   Note1: For information about the relationship between setting values and send/receive values, see “13.10 Chorus Type (CASIO
   General System Exclusive) Setting Value Table” in “IV Setting Values and Send/Receive Values” of this document.
   Transmit Sent when chorus type is changed.
   Receive Receipt changes the chorus type.

Setting Values and Send/ Receive Values

Setting Value Tables

Fine Tuning Setting Value Table

Reverb Type Setting Value Table

Chorus Type Setting Value Table

Reverb Type (CASIO General System Exclusive) Setting Value Table

Chorus Type (CASIO General System Exclusive) Setting Value Table

MIDI Implementation Notation

Value Notation

Hexadecimal Notation
MIDI implementation sometimes requires that data be expressed in hexadecimal format. Hexadecimal values are indicated by the letter “H” after the value. The hexadecimal equivalents of decimal values 10 through 15 are expressed as the letters A through F.
The table below shows the hexadecimal equivalents for decimal values 0 through 127, which are often used in MIDI messages.

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