APsystems Microinverters Communication and Production Issues Apps User Guide
- June 3, 2024
- APPs
Table of Contents
- Introduction
- Communication Issue – Definition
- Production Issue – Definition
- ECU Heartbeat – Definition
- Communication Issues – Troubleshooting Tree
- Production Issue – Troubleshooting Tree
- ECU-C : Additional Guideline to troubleshoot installation of the CTs
- Replacement of Microinverter or ECU: best practice
- References
- Read User Manual Online (PDF format)
- Download This Manual (PDF format)
MICROINVERTERS COMMUNICATION
AND PRODUCTION ISSUES
Professional Installers
Troubleshooting Guide
Introduction
Warning: This Troubleshooting Guide assumes that the person in charge of the
troubleshooting has an Installer EMA account and is familiar with the basic
menus and functions of the EMA portal.
This Troubleshooting Guide outlines some guideline in case APsystems
microinverters exhibit some production or communication issues. It only
addresses Microinverters with Zigbee communication, monitored with Zigbee
ECU-R, ECU-C or ECU-B.
During lifespan of a PV system powered by APsystems microinverters, 2 main
types of technical issue may occur:
- Communication Issue
- Production Issue
Communication Issue – Definition
During a “Communication Issue” occurence, the microinverters continue to
produce power, but data are not transferred to the EMA portal. Communication
Issues can be identified in a different way, but the most direct way is to
check the “module” view in the EMA portal.
Typical example for “Communication Issue” is shown below:
Microinverters affected by the Communication Issue are shown as “NC” (No
Communication) on the Module View of the PV system.
When checking the “details” of the “NC” modules, 2 types of patterns may occur:
- No Communication during All day: “No data” display
- Loss of Communication during part of the day
Production Issue – Definition
Production Issue covers low power or no power generation.
On the Module View in the EMA, typical behavior of a low power or no power
generation displays 0W or 2W, or much lower power than other modules while
there is no known shading patterns.
Typical “Module View” of microinverter(s) being impacted by low or no power:
1 channel only:
|
1 microinverter:
---|---
|
ECU Heartbeat – Definition
Before going through the trouble-shooting tree in the next chapter, we need to
define the “ECU Heartbeat” The ECU Heartbeat feature registers the time of the
latest communication and data exchange between the ECU and the EMA server.
Doing troubleshooting:
- If the ECU Heartbeat is registered within the last 30 minutes or hour, we can conclude that the ECU is properly connected to the internet and exchange data with the EMA server. If there is a current heartbeat and there is a communication issue, we can then focus our attention to the communication between the micros and the ECU.
- If there is no heartbeat during the current hour or more, it can mean that
– ECU is not properly connected to the internet
– ECU does not exchange data with the EMA server
Note: the ECU can be properly connected to the internet, but still not
able to exchange data with the server due to firewall restrictions per
example.
In the menu “Diagnose” > “Diagnose”, please check “Last Heartbeat Time”
information
Note: another way to check ECU’s state of connection to EMA server is to check its cloud LED: LED ON means that the ECU is connected to the EMA server, LED OFF means that ECU is disconnected from EMA server.
Communication Issues – Troubleshooting Tree
The diagram above summarizes the typical situations (C1 to C6) installer can
face when troubleshooting microinverters communication issues.
Each branch of the tree is detailed in the next pages, with some
recommendations and troubleshooting tips for each of the situation.
Note: sometimes in case of loss of communication (especially when it
affects only some of the microinverters), it is recommended to check again the
system after a couple of hours. Communication may have been momentarily
interrupted (internet signal unstable or heavy network traffic preventing
timely access to our EMA server).
On rare occasion, communication might be interrupted a bit longer.
Despite loss of communication, microinverters continue to produce power.
Communication Issues – C1
All Microinverters
Never reported
No Heartbeat
(page 1/2)
|
---|---
#
| Recommendations / Check-Points
---|---
1
| • Check if the ECU is properly powered ON
• Power OFF the ECU, wait for 1 mn, then power ON the ECU
2
| • Make sure that ECU’s WIFI antenna is properly screwed and installed
outside of any AC box or cabinet (any metal material could block the signal)
• Make sure that the ECU is properly connected to the router:
• In case of WIFI connection
– please check using the ECU_APP features (See ECU Installation Manual on our
libraries on www.APsystems.com))
• In case of Ethernet connection
– Check and/or change the Ethernet cable
– On the router side, check if the internet port is activated or not dedicated
to TV for instance
– Verify that port used in ECU is the correct one • If unsuccessful connection
with WIFI, please try connection with Ethernet cable
• If unsuccessful connection with Ethernet cable, please try WIFI connection
Communication Issues – C1 (continued)
All Microinverters
Never reported
No Heartbeat
(continued, page 2/2)
|
---|---
#| Recommendations / Check-Points
---|---
3| • Check if there could be network restrictions (firewall or MAC/IP
restriction for instance)
• Contact your IT team to make sure ports below are open|
Domain
| Port|
Protocol
---|---|---
ecu.apsystemsema.com| 8995, 8996,8997,
8998, 9227, 9228, 9001, 9002, 9003, 9004| TCP
ecu2.apsema.com| 9220, 9222| TCP
9219, 21| FTP
ecuna.apsema.com| 9220, 9222| TCP
9219, 21| FTP
ecueu.apsema.com| 9220, 9222| TCP
9219, 21| FTP
4| • If none of the actions listed above fixes the issue, please contact your
local APsystems Technical Support Team
Communication Issues – C2
All Microinverters
Never reported
Heartbeat
(page 1/2)
|
---|---
#
| Recommendations / Check-Points
---|---
1
| • ECU firmware may not be compatible with the microinverters
– Power ON the ECU, connect it to the router (WIFI or Ethernet): the latest
firmware shall be uploaded and updated automatically in 5 mins.
– If the firmware update does not seem to take place, please leave the ECU
powered ON and connected to the router and contact your APsystems local
Technical Support Team
Note: this situation may occur when installing new micros (for instance
DS3) with an ECU shipped prior the
availability of the new micros
2
| • Microinverters have not been registered into the ECU
– Check that the microinverters UIDs (serial numbers) have been properly
entered into the ECU and synchronized using the ECU APP features (See ECU
Installation Manual on our libraries on
www.APsystems.com )
– Alternatively, in the EMA portal, check menu Remote Control > ECU Settings
and make sure that each microinverter has a “link” active. If a microinverter
has no “link”, select it, choose “Add” and press “Send” to synchronise the
microinverter with the ECU (Link shall be visible after 20 mns)
Communication Issues – C2 (continued)
All Microinverters
Never reported
Heartbeat
(continued, page 1/2)
|
---|---
#
| Recommendations / Check-Points
---|---
3
| • Communication between microinverters and ECU is weak or unstable too long
distance between the ECU and the microinverters or obstacles – large concrete
walls, metallic roofs – can block or decrease the intensity of the Zigbee
signal
• Try to move the ECU closer to the microinverters
If the ECU needs to be installed too far away from the microinverters, you can
replace the default antenna with an extension up to 10 meters: please make
sure to select a WIFI antenna 2.4GHz with SMA connectors male/female
– Check if the ECU antennas are properly screwed
– Make sure the ECU antennas are installed outside of the AC box or any other
cabinet
– YC1000 (501 or 503- serial number): make sure the microinverter antenna is
properly installed
4
| • If none of the actions listed above fixes the issue, please contact your local APsystems Technical Support Team
Communication Issues – C3
All Microinverters
Communication Interrupted
No Heartbeat
(Page 1/2)
|
---|---
#
| Recommendations / Check-Points
---|---
1
| • Check if the ECU is properly powered ON
• Power OFF the ECU, wait for 1 mn, then power ON the ECU
2
| • Make sure that ECU’s WIFI antenna is properly screwed and installed
outside of any AC box or cabinet
• Make sure that the ECU is properly connected to the router:
• In case of WIFI connection
– please check using the ECU_APP features (See ECU Installation Manual on our
libraries on
www.APsystems.com )
• In case of Ethernet connection
– Check and/or change the Ethernet cable
– On the router side, check if the internet port is activated or not dedicated
to TV for instance
– Verify that port used in ECU is the correct one • If unsuccessful connection
with WIFI, please try connection with Ethernet cable
• If unsuccessful connection with Ethernet cable, please try WIFI connection
Communication Issues – C3 (continued)
All Microinverters
Communication Interrupted
No Heartbeat
(continued, page 2/2)
|
---|---
#
| Recommendations / Check-Points
---|---
3
| • Check if there could be network restrictions (firewall or MAC/IP
restriction for instance)
• Contact your IT team to make sure ports below are open| Domain| Port|
Protocol
---|---|---
ecu.apsystemsema.com| 8995,8996,8997,
8998,9227,9228| TCP
9219, 21| FTP
ecu2.apsema.com| 9220, 9222| TCP
9219| FTP
ecuna.apsema.com| 9220, 9222| TCP
9219| FTP
ecueu.apsema.com| 9220, 9222| TCP
9219| FTP
4
| • If none of the actions listed above fixes the issue, please contact your local APsystems Technical Support Team
Communication Issues – C4
All Microinverters
Communication Interrupted
Heartbeat
|
---|---
#
| Recommendations / Check-Points
---|---
1
| • Communication between microinverters and ECU is weak or unstable too long
distance between the ECU and the microinverters or obstacles – large concrete
walls, metallic roofs – can block or decrease the intensity of the Zigbee
signal
• Try to move the ECU closer to the microinverters
If the ECU needs to be installed too far away from the microinverters, you can
replace the default antenna with an extension up to 10 meters: please make
sure to select a WIFI antenna 2.4GHz with SMA connectors male/female
– Check if the ECU antennas are properly screwed
– Make sure the ECU antennas are installed outside of the AC box or any other
cabinet
– YC1000 (501 or 503- serial number): make sure the microinverter antenna is
properly installed
2
| • Microinverters have not been registered into the ECU
– Check that the microinverters UIDs (serial numbers) have been properly
entered into the ECU and synchronized using the ECU APP features (See ECU
Installation Manual on our libraries on
www.APsystems.com )
– Alternatively, in the EMA portal, check menu Remote Control > ECU Settings
and make sure that each microinverter has a “link” active. If a microinverter
has no “link”, select it, choose “Add” and press “Send” to synchronise the
microinverter with the ECU (Link shall be visible after 20 mns)
3
| • If none of the actions listed above fixes the issue, please contact your local APsystems Technical Support Team
Communication Issues – C5
SOME Microinverters
Never reported
|
---|---
#
| Recommendations / Check-Points
---|---
1
| • Some inverters may not be connected to PV modules
– Please check thoroughly DC connections
2
| • ECU firmware may not be compatible with the microinverters
– Power ON the ECU, connect it to the router (WIFI or Ethernet): the latest
firmware shall be uploaded and updated automatically
– If the firmware update does not seem to take place, please leave the ECU
powered ON and connected to the router and contact your APsystems local
Technical Support Team
– Note: this situation may occur when installing new micros (for instance DS3)
with an ECU shipped prior the availability of the new micros
3
| • Microinverters have not been registered into the ECU
– Check that the microinverters UIDs (serial numbers) have been properly
entered into the ECU and synchronized using the ECU APP features (See ECU
Installation Manual on our libraries on
www.APsystems.com )
– Alternatively, in the EMA portal, check menu Remote Control > ECU Settings
and make sure that each microinverter has a “link” active. If a microinverter
has no “link”, select it, choose “Add” and press “Send” to synchronise the
microinverter with the ECU (Link shall be visible after 20 mns)
4
| • If none of the actions listed above fixes the issue, please contact your local APsystems Technical Support Team
Communication Issues – C6
SOME Microinverters
Communication Interrupted
|
---|---
#
| Recommendations / Check-Points
---|---
1
| • Make sure that the antennas of the ECU are still properly connected
2
| • YC1000 (501or 503- serial number): make sure the microinverter antenna is properly installed/connected or not corroded
3
| • It is recommended to check again the system after a couple of hours.
Communication may have been momentarily interrupted (internet signal unstable
or heavy network traffic preventing timely access to our EMA server)
• On rare occasions, communication can be interrupted a bit longer
• Despite loss of communication, microinverters continue to produce power
4
| • If none of the actions listed above fixes the issue, please contact your local APsystems Technical Support Team
Production Issue – Troubleshooting Tree
The diagram above summarizes the typical situations (P1 to P6) installer can
face when troubleshooting microinverters production issues.
Each branch of the tree is detailed in the next pages, with some
recommendations and troubleshooting tips for each of the situation.
Production Issues – P1
NO POWER
(heartbeat is normal)
ALL microinverters
|
---|---
| Recommendations / Check-Points
---|---
1
| • AC voltage at 0V or nearly 0V on every microinverter
– Check the circuit breaker
– Check connections on AC side
2
| • AC voltage at 0V or nearly 0V on every microinverter
– Check that the proper Grid profile has been selected (See ECU Installation
Manual on our libraries on www.APsystems.com )
3
| • If an ECU-C is connected, please check status of the “zero export”
function. If activated, all microinverters can stop producing if there is no
load consumption in the house.
• To deactivate “zero export” function of the ECU-C, please go to your
Installer EMA account, menu Remote Control > Meter Zero Export, close the
“Zero Export”, then press “Submit”
4
| • Microinverters may be in “AC protection mode” against large swings of the utility grid or high temperature (over 100 deg C): in that case, microinverters will resume producing power, as soon as the instabilities on the grid have subsided or the temperature has dropped
5
| • If none of the actions listed above fixes the issue, please contact your local APsystems Technical Support Team
Production Issues – P2
NO POWER
Some Channels only
|
---|---
#
| Recommendations / Check-Points
---|---
1
| • YC-1000
– Connection to different PV modules brand or type, different power or with
different orientation may be the cause of some channel not producing
– With YC-1000, it is highly recommended to always use the same PV module
brand and type, power and
orientation with the YC-1000 microinverter
2
| • Non Connected Channel
– Please reconnect DC channel / make sure the DC connection is not loosen
– If the non producing channel is not connected on purpose, please unregister
the channel in the EMA to avoid unnecessary alarms. Make sure that the unused
channel is properly covered by a DC cap.
3
| • +/- polarities may be reversed in DC extensions, or twisted pairs, or
crossed connections
– Please check connections thoroughly
– Positive and negative DC cables from the same PV module may not be connected
to the right microinverter
4
| • PV modules might be faulty
– In the Module View, please check “details” on the not producing
microinverter and check the DC Voltage: if too low, microinverter will not
start
– If DC Voltage is 1/3rd lower than other PV modules DC voltage, it indicates
that the junction box of the PV module is faulty and that the PV module needs
to be replaced
– Alternatively you can swap suspected faulty PV module with one PV module
which is working well to confirm the root-cause
5
| • If none of the actions listed above fixes the issue, please contact your local APsystems Technical Support Team
Production Issues – P3
NO POWER
Some Inverters
Permanently
|
---|---
#
| Recommendations / Check-Points
---|---
1
| • Some branch breaker may be OFF
– Please check branch breaker
2
| • Some DC or AC connections may be loosen
– Please check DC and AC connections thoroughly
3
| • If an ECU-C is connected, please check status of the “zero export”
function. If activated, all microinverters can stop producing if there is no
load consumption in the house.
• To deactivate “zero export” function of the ECU-C, please go to your
Installer EMA account, menu Remote Control > Meter Zero Export, close the
“Zero Export”, then press “Submit”
4
| • PV modules might be faulty
– In the Module View, please check “details” on the not producing
microinverter and check the DC Voltage: if too low, microinverter will not
start
– If DC Voltage is 1/3 rd lower than other PV modules DC voltage, it indicates
that the junction box of the PV module is faulty and that the PV module needs
to be replaced
– Alternatively you can swap suspected faulty PV module with one PV module
which is working well to confirm the root-cause
5
| • If none of the actions listed above fixes the issue, please contact your local APsystems Technical Support Team
Production Issues – P4
NO POWER
Some Inverters
Intermittently
|
---|---
#
| Recommendations / Check-Points
---|---
1
| • Microinverters may be in “AC protection mode” against large swings of the utility grid or high temperature (over 100 deg C): in that case, microinverters will resume producing power, as soon as the instabilities on the grid have subsided or the temperature has dropped
2
| • If an ECU-C is connected, please check status of the “zero export”
function. If activated, all microinverters can stop producing if there is no
load consumption in the house.
• To deactivate “zero export” function of the ECU-C, please go to your
Installer EMA account, menu Remote Control > Meter Zero Export, close the
“Zero Export”, then press “Submit”
3
| • If none of the actions listed above fixes the issue, please contact your local APsystems Technical Support Team
Production Issues – P5
LOW POWER
Some Inverters
|
---|---
#
| Recommendations / Check-Points
---|---
1
| • Shading pattern (repetitive pattern, same hour of the day)
– If low power is created by obstacles (tree, dormer, electrical pole), the
low power is a normal behavior and will stay unless the obstacle is removed.
Impact of shading will be more or less pronounced depending on time of year.
2
| • Microinverters may be in “AC protection mode” against large swings of the utility grid or high emperature (over 100 deg C): in that case, microinverters will resume producing power, as soon as the instabilities on the grid have subsided or the temperature has dropped
3
| • If an ECU-C is connected, please check status of the “zero export”
function. If activated, all microinverters can stop producing if there is no
load consumption in the house.
• To deactivate “zero export” function of the ECU-C, please go to your
Installer EMA account, menu Remote Control > Meter Zero Export, close the
“Zero Export”, then press “Submit”
4
| • Some DC or AC connections may be loosen
– Please check DC and AC connections thoroughly
5
| • If none of the actions listed above fixes the issue, please contact your local APsystems Technical Support Team
Production Issues – P6
LOW POWER
Some Channels
|
---|---
#
| Recommendations / Check-Points
---|---
1
| • Shading pattern (repetitive pattern, same hour of the day)
– If low power is created by obstacles (tree, dormer, electrical pole), the
low power is a normal behavior
and will stay unless the obstacle is removed. Impact of shading will be more
or less pronounced depending on time of year.
2
| • Shading pattern (repetitive pattern, same hour of the day)
– In the Module View, please check “details” on the not producing
microinverter and check the DC Voltage: if too low, microinverter will not
start
– If DC Voltage is 1/3rd lower than other PV modules DC voltage, it indicates
that the junction box of the PV module is faulty and that the PV module needs
to be replaced
– Alternatively you can swap suspected faulty PV module with one PV module
which is working well
to confirm the root-cause
3
| • Some DC or AC connections may be loosen
– Please check DC and AC connections thoroughly
4
| • If none of the actions listed above fixes the issue, please contact your local APsystems Technical Support Team
ECU-C : Additional Guideline to troubleshoot installation of the CTs
By installing CTs (Current Transformers) at PV side and Utility Grid side, we can access to 3 sets of data in the ECU-C and EMA portal:
- PV production
- Utility Grid consumption or re-injection
- Load consumption
Please see details on how to connect ECU-C CTs in our Technical Brief at www.apsystems.com , “Resources”, then “Library”, then “Installation Guides, White Papers, Brochures”(ECU-C Advanced Functions Technical Brief”)
Typical metering reporting appears as below in the EMA:
Warning: 3-Phases systems
When doing the sanity checks described further below on a 3-phases systems,
the analysis must be done phase by phase.
Sanity check on Energy Metering curves:
- PV production is measured (green curve) and is always showing positive data
- Grid consumption or re-injection is measured (grey curve) and can be either positive (when we pull power from the grid) or negative (when we re-inject power into the grid)
- The Load consumption is calculated (blue curve): it is always positive
PV production CTs
-
If the PV production curve shows negative or low power data (on one or several phase), it is highly plausible that the related phase(s) Production CT(s) direction needs to be reversed or CT’s wires connected to ECU-C’s port need to be reversed, or that the CT(s) is not placed properly or is not connected properly into the ECU-C
– Check that Production CT is connected to the right cable (phase wire only)
– If 3 Phases PV system, check that Production CT is connected to the right phase (A=L1, B=L2, C=L3)
– If Single phase PV system connected to a 3 phase AC box, check that Production CT is connected to the right phase (A=L1) -
PV production measured with the CTs shall follow trend visible on the Module View of the EMA portal.
A gap of 5-10% between the PV production curve measured via the CTs and the PV
production curve measured via the ECU is normal: it reflects the difference
between AC power (measured by the CTs) and DC power (measured by the ECU)
If the PV production curve measured by the CT does not follow the EMA curve,
the CTs installation must be revisited: not properly installed or not properly
connected into the ECU-C.
- For a 3-phase systems installed with YC-1000 (native 3-phase microinverter), the 3 phases for PV production shall match. If this is not the case, please swap the 2 CTs showing lower power
- For a perfectly balanced 3-phase PV system installed with Single phase microinverters (same number of microinverters per phase), the 3 phases for PV production shall match. If this is not the case, please swap the 2 CTs showing lower power
Sanity check on Energy Metering curves:
- If Grid consumption (and thus Load Consumption) shows negative value during the night, it is highly plausible that the related phase(s) Grid Consumption CT(s) irection needs to be reversed or CT’s wires connected to ECU-C’s port need to be reversed, or that the CT(s) is not placed properly or is not connected properly into the ECU-C
- If Load Consumption curve follows the PV production curve:
– Check that Grid Consumption CT is connected to the right cable (phase wire only)
– If 3 Phases PV System, Check that Grid Consumption CT is connected to the right phase (A=L1, B=L2, C=L3)
Replacement of Microinverter or ECU: best practice
In case of replacement of a microinverter or ECU is needed, please follow
these easy steps to streamline the replacement and registration of the new
microinverter or ECU.
Microinverter:
Replace the microinverter on-site. Check that the new microinverter is
producing and communicating properly while on-site. The replacement must be
effective in the EMA portal and ECU as well.
From your EMA Installer Account, enter the “User Account” where the
microinverter has been replaced. Click “User Registration”, then “Replace
Device”
Select “Inverter” in the drop-down menu:
Current microinverter list is displayed. Select the microinverter to replace, then click “Replace”
Enter UID (serial number) of replacement microinverter, Click “OK”
In Report > Inverter Data, you can then check that the new microinverter is
sending data.
Both your EMA portal and ECU have been updated properly.
Warning: DO NOT use «delete/add» commands to replace an inverter.
Historical data would be lost as well as automatic transfer of the remainder
of the warranty to the replacement microinverter.
ECU:
- Replace the ECU on-site. Check that everything is working properly while on-site, especially that the new ECU is properly connected to the internet router.
- When replacing an ECU by using the «Replace Device» function, it is not necessary to input all the inverters UIDs again in the new ECU.All data from the prior ECU will be saved and transferred in the new ECU.
- From your EMA Installer Account, enter the “User Account” where the microinverter has been replaced. Click “User Registration”, then “Replace Device”
Select “ECU” in the drop-down menu:
Current ECU list is displayed. Select the ECU to replace, then click “Replace”
Enter UID (serial number) of replacement ECU, Click “OK”
In the Menu “Dashboard”, check that the new ECU is sending data properly.
Professional Installers Trouble Shooting Guide
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