APPLE iPhone 16 Pro, iPhone 16 Pro Max Mobile Phone Owner’s Manual

: September 13, 2024
: Apple

Table of Contents

iPhone 16 Pro, iPhone 16 Pro Max Mobile Phone
Specifications:
Product Usage Instructions:
1. Longevity Features:
2. Recovery:
3. Supplier Innovation:
4. Design and Source:
5. Materials and Process Emissions:
- FAQ:
Q: How can I recycle my iPhone 16 Pro or iPhone 16 Pro
Q: What is the durability feature of the iPhone 16 Pro and

iPhone 16 Pro, iPhone 16 Pro Max Mobile Phone

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Specifications:

Product: iPhone 16 Pro and iPhone 16 Pro Max
Date Introduced: September 9, 2024
Recycled or Renewable Content: More than 25%
Manufacturing Electricity: 30% sourced from low-carbon energy
projects
Packaging: 100% fiber-based, 100% recycled or responsibly
sourced wood fibers
Ceramic Shield: Two times tougher than any other smartphone
glass
Water and Dust Resistance: IP68 rating

Product Usage Instructions:

1. Longevity Features:

The iPhone 16 Pro and iPhone 16 Pro Max feature the
latest-generation Ceramic Shield for enhanced durability. The
devices are also IP68 water and dust resistant.

2. Recovery:

To recycle your device, return it through Apple Trade In either
at a retail store or online. Apple will give it a new life or
recycle it for free.

3. Supplier Innovation:

The Apple Supplier Code of Conduct ensures strict standards for
safeguarding people and the environment in the supply chain of the
iPhone 16 Pro and iPhone 16 Pro Max.

4. Design and Source:

The devices contain more than 25% recycled or renewable content,
including the use of 100% recycled aluminum in the internal
structural frame and thermal substructure.

5. Materials and Process Emissions:

The product carbon footprint calculations include in-box
accessories as well as packaging. The emissions reductions are
achieved through the use of recycled and low-carbon materials.

FAQ:

Q: How can I recycle my iPhone 16 Pro or iPhone 16 Pro

Max?

A: You can return your device through Apple Trade In at a retail
store or online for free recycling or to give it a new life.

Q: What is the durability feature of the iPhone 16 Pro and

iPhone 16 Pro Max?

A: The devices feature the latest-generation Ceramic Shield,
making them two times tougher than any other smartphone glass,
along with IP68 water and dust resistance.

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Product Environmental Report
iPhone 16 Pro and iPhone 16 Pro Max
Date introduced September 9, 2024

Progress toward our 2030 goal
More than 25% recycled or renewable content1
30% of manufacturing electricity sourced from supplier low-carbon energy projects2

Responsible packaging
100% fiber-based, due to our work to remove plastic in packaging5
100% recycled or responsibly sourced wood fibers6

Smarter chemistry3
· Arsenic-free glass · Mercury-free · Brominated flame retardantfree · PVC- free

Recovery
Return your device through Apple Trade In–at a retail store or online–and we’ll give it a new life or recycle it for free.

Longevity
iPhone 16 Pro and iPhone 16 Pro Max feature the latest-generation Ceramic Shield,
which is two times tougher than any other smartphone glass, as well as IP68 water and
dust resistance that enhance durability.4

Supplier innovation
The Apple Supplier Code of Conduct sets strict standards for safeguarding people and the environment in our supply chain.

iPhone 16 Pro and iPhone 16 Pro Max contain over 25% recycled content

This report includes data current as of product launch. Product evaluations are based on U.S. configuration of iPhone 16 Pro and iPhone 16 Pro Max.

7

Product carbon footprint calculations include in-box accessories as well as packaging.

Progress toward carbon neutral

We’ve reduced emissions for iPhone 16 Pro Max with 256 GB by 30 percent against our business-as-usual scenario as modeled by Apple.8 This device contains more than 25 percent recycled content, including 100 percent recycled lithium in the battery cathode, reducing total product emissions by about 7 percent.9 We’re also working with our suppliers to transition to 100 percent low-carbon electricity for Apple production. The low-carbon electricity solutions that suppliers have already implemented to date have reduced product emissions by more than 20 percent. In our carbon footprint calculations, we also account for the emissions necessary to generate low-carbon electricity, specifically to manufacture and maintain renewable energy infrastructure, like wind and solar farms.

105 kg
Baseline emissions8
Materials and process
emissions

-31 kg
Emissions reductions
Recycled and low-carbon materials9
Materials and process
emissions

74 kg
iPhone 16 Pro Max emissions11

Low-carbon electricity10

Materials and process
emissions

Electricity for manufacturing

Electricity for charging
Transportation

Renewable energy emissions12

iPhone 16 Pro and iPhone 16 Pro Max | Product Environmental Report

2

Taking responsibility for our products at every stage
We take responsibility for our products throughout their life cycles–including the materials they are made of, the people who assemble them, and how they are recycled at end of life. And we focus on the areas where we can make the biggest difference for our planet: reducing our impact on climate change, conserving important resources, and using safer materials.
We sell millions of products. So making even small adjustments can have a meaningful impact.

Recover
Reuse products through Apple Trade In and maximize material recovery at end of life

Design and
Source
Maximize the use of recycled content and responsibly source primary materials

Make
Uphold high standards of labor and human rights, health and
safety, and minimizing our environmental impact

Use
Minimize emissions from product use, enhance product
longevity, and seek to avoid exposure to harmful chemicals

Package
and Ship
Remove plastic from our packaging and minimize emissions from transportation

iPhone 16 Pro and iPhone 16 Pro Max | Product Environmental Report

3

Design and Source

Design and Source
iPhone 16 Pro and iPhone 16 Pro Max contain more than 25 percent recycled or renewable content.1
To conserve important resources, we work to reduce the material we use and aim to one day source only recycled or renewable materials for our products. And as we make this transition, we remain committed to the responsible sourcing of primary materials. We’re proud to be recognized as a worldwide leader in the responsible sourcing of minerals in our products. We map many materials, some to the mineral source, and establish the strictest standards for smelters and refiners. Apple also requires all identified tin, tantalum, tungsten, gold, cobalt, and lithium smelters and refiners to participate in third-party audits.13 By 2025, we plan to use 100 percent recycled cobalt in all Apple- designed batteries,14 100 percent recycled tin soldering and 100 percent recycled gold plating in all Apple-designed rigid and flexible printed circuit boards, and 100 percent recycled rare earth elements in all magnets. Our product designs also consider the safety of those who make, use, and recycle our products, restricting the use of hundreds of harmful substances. Our standards go beyond what’s required by law to protect people and the environment.

Aluminum. We use 100 percent recycled aluminum in the internal structural frame and thermal sub structure.
Gold. We use 100 percent recycled gold wire in all cameras and Camera Control as well as 100 percent recycled gold in the plating of the USB-C connector, multiple printed circuit boards, and multiple small parts.
Rare earth elements. We use 100 percent recycled rare earth elements in all magnets, representing 98 percent of the total rare earth elements in the device.
Tungsten. We use 100 percent recycled tungsten in the Taptic Engine. This represents 96 percent of the total tungsten in the device.

Cobalt. We use 100 percent recycled cobalt in the battery.14
Lithium. We use 100 percent recycled lithium in the battery cathode, a first for Apple.15 This represents more than 95 percent of the total lithium in the battery.
Steel. We use 80 percent or more recycled steel in multiple internal components, including the Taptic Engine, speaker, multiple printed circuit boards, and the display support plate.

Copper. We use 100 percent recycled copper in multiple printed circuit boards, 100 percent recycled copper wire in the Taptic Engine, and 100 percent recycled copper foil and wire in the inductive charger.
Plastic. We use at least 50 percent recycled plastic in 14 components.
Tin. We use 100 percent recycled tin in the solder of multiple printed circuit boards.

Smarter chemistry
iPhone 16 Pro and iPhone 16 Pro Max are free of harmful substances like brominated flame retardants, PVC, phthalates, arsenic in glass, and mercury.3 And 100 percent of the materials in iPhone 16 Pro and iPhone 16 Pro Max are covered by our Regulated Substances Specification. We go beyond what’s required by aiming to understand the non-regulated substances in every part of every product–an effort that requires an industry-leading level of transparency through the entire supply chain. We consistently identify the makeup of over 80 percent by mass of iPhone devices.

iPhone 16 Pro and iPhone 16 Pro Max | Product Environmental Report

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Make
The Apple Supplier Code of Conduct sets strict standards for safeguarding people and the environment in our supply chain. Every year, we assess our suppliers’ performance in upholding the standards required by our Code.
We work closely with our suppliers to provide safe and healthy workplaces where people are treated with dignity and respect, and to reduce suppliers’ environmental impact. Our requirements apply across our supply chain and include the responsible sourcing of materials. From the strong foundation set by our Code, we go further–from helping suppliers transition to low-carbon electricity, to providing educational opportunities, to supporting suppliers in reducing waste. For more information, see apple.com/supplychain.

Smarter chemicals
All established iPhone 16 Pro and iPhone 16 Pro Max final assembly supplier sites use safer cleaners and degreasers in their manufacturing processes, as determined by methodologies like the GreenScreen® assessment.16

Zero Waste to Landfill
No established iPhone 16 Pro and iPhone 16 Pro Max final assembly supplier sites generate any waste sent to landfill.17

Supplier energy use
30 percent of manufacturing electricity is sourced from supplier low-carbon energy projects, supported by Apple’s Supplier Clean Energy Program.2

iPhone 16 Pro and iPhone 16 Pro Max | Product Environmental Report

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100%
of the packaging18 is fiber-based, due to our work to remove plastic in packaging
66%
or more recycled content in fiber packaging
100%
of the virgin wood fiber in the packaging comes from responsibly managed forests19

Package and Ship
iPhone 16 Pro and iPhone 16 Pro Max packaging is 100 percent fiber-based and contains no plastic except for inks, coatings, and adhesives, a milestone toward our commitment to remove plastics from packaging by 2025.18
To improve our packaging, we are working to remove plastics, optimize recycled content, and use less packaging overall. All the wood fiber in our packaging is either recycled or comes from responsibly managed forests.19 And we have protected or created enough responsibly managed forests to cover all the virgin wood fiber we use in our packaging.6 This ensures working forests are able to regrow and continue to clean our air and purify our water.
We redesigned the iPhone 16 Pro and iPhone 16 Pro Max packaging to be smaller and more efficient than the iPhone 15 Pro and iPhone 15 Pro Max boxes, reducing the overall volume by about 6 percent. This smaller size increases the total number of boxes we can fit onto select pallets, meaning we can ship more phones on fewer journeys.20
As we transport our products from our manufacturers to our consumers, we’re prioritizing less carbon-intensive shipping modes than air transport, such as rail and ocean.

iPhone 16 Pro and iPhone 16 Pro Max | Product Environmental Report

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Use
iPhone 16 Pro and iPhone 16 Pro Max use at least 54 percent less energy than the energy efficiency standard.21
We design our products to be energy efficient, long-lasting, and safe. iPhone 16 Pro and iPhone 16 Pro Max uses software and power-efficient components that intelligently manage power consumption. We also run our own Reliability and Environmental Testing Labs, where our products go through rigorous testing before they leave our doors. Our support continues throughout each product’s life cycle, with regular software updates to keep devices current. We have also expanded access to safe, reliable, and secure repairs by increasing the number of Apple Authorized Service Providers (AASPs). To address emissions tied to the electricity our products use, we are building low-carbon energy projects and engaging with our customers to educate and provide opportunities to support the decarbonization of the grid.

Designed to last
iPhone 16 Pro and iPhone 16 Pro Max feature the latest-generation Ceramic Shield, which is two times tougher than any other smartphone glass, as well as IP68 water and dust resistance that enhance durability.4

Made with smarter chemistry
We apply rigorous controls for materials users touch–all based on recommendations from toxicologists and dermatologists.

iPhone 16 Pro and iPhone 16 Pro Max | Product Environmental Report

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Apple Trade In
For more information on how to recycle your products at end of life, visit:
apple.com/recycle

Recover
Return your product with Apple Trade In, in store or online, and we’ll ensure it has a long life or recycle it for free.
We design our products to be durable so they are used longer. And we want the materials in our products to live on in other products. That’s why we launched Apple Trade In–it provides customers with product end-of-life options. With Apple Trade In, you can get a great value for your current device and apply it toward a new one or get an Apple Store Gift Card. If your device isn’t eligible for credit, we’ll recycle it for free through product take-back and recycling collection programs.22 And even after a product reaches the end of its life, the materials within it can serve the next generation of products. We provide or participate in product take-back and recycling collection programs in 99 percent of the countries where we sell products. We work with bestin-class recyclers to maximize the potential of the recycling materials stream and drive our efforts to close the loop on key materials. We define best-in-class recyclers as those capable of recovering materials at high rates and doing so with better environmental and safety performance.
We’re also creating Apple Recycler Guides to provide guidance for professional electronics recyclers on how to safely disassemble Apple products to maximize recovery of resources. The guides provide valuable insight into the steps for recycling and locations of materials in the products.

iPhone 16 Pro and iPhone 16 Pro Max | Product Environmental Report

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Definitions

Bio-based plastics: Bio-based plastics are made from biological sources rather than from fossil-fuel sources. Bio-based plastics allow us to reduce reliance on fossil fuels.
Carbon footprint: Estimated emissions are calculated in accordance with guidelines and requirements as specified by ISO 14040, ISO 14044, and ISO 14067. There is inherent uncertainty in modeling carbon emissions due primarily to data limitations. For the top component contributors to Apple’s carbon emissions, Apple addresses this uncertainty by developing detailed process-based environmental models with Apple-specific parameters. For the remaining elements of Apple’s carbon footprint, we rely on industry average data and assumptions. We calculate carbon emissions using the 100-year time horizon global warming potentials (GWP100) from the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report (AR6), including biogenic carbon. Our carbon footprint calculation includes emissions for the following life cycle phases in CO2 equivalency (CO2e):
· Production: Includes the extraction, production, and transportation of raw materials, as well
as the manufacture, transport, and assembly of all parts and product packaging.
· Transport: Includes ground, air, and sea transportation of the finished product and its
associated packaging from manufacturing site directly to customers or regional distribution hubs. Regional transport is modeled using average distances.
· Use: Apple assumes a three-year period for power use by first owners for iOS, iPadOS, and
watchOS devices and a four-year period for macOS and tvOS devices. Product use scenarios are based on historical customer use data for similar products. Energy use is simulated in various ways; for example, by modeling daily battery drain or through performing activities like movie and music playback. Geographic differences in the power grid mix have been accounted for at a regional level.
· End-of-life processing: Includes transportation from collection hubs to recycling centers
and the energy used in mechanical separation and shredding of parts.
For more information on our product carbon footprint methodology, visit apple.com/ environment/answers.
Low-carbon electricity: Refers to both renewable electricity as well as other fossil-free projects that Apple considers “low-carbon” but not “renewable,” like nuclear and large-impact hydroelectricity projects, which may be included as a result of low-carbon electricity provided by the grid. Apple accounts for the carbon impact of building and operating these projects, and so considers them to be low-carbon but not zero-carbon.
Low-carbon materials: Refers to materials created using production techniques with reduced carbon impact, such as Elysis (a patented technology that eliminates direct greenhouse gas emissions from the traditional aluminum smelting process) or aluminum smelted using hydroelectricity instead of coal.
Recycled materials: Recycling makes better use of finite resources by sourcing from recovered rather than mined materials. Recycled content claims for materials used in our products have been verified by an independent third party to a recycled content standard that conforms to ISO 14021.
Renewable materials: We define bio-materials as those that can be regenerated in a human lifespan, like wood fibers or sugarcane. Bio-materials can help us use fewer finite resources. But even though bio-materials have the ability to regrow, they are not always managed responsibly. Renewable materials are a type of bio-material managed in a way that enables continuous production without depleting the earth’s resources. That’s why we focus on sources that are certified for their management practices.
Supplier Clean Energy Program: Since the electricity used to make our products is the largest contributor to our overall carbon footprint, we’re helping our suppliers decarbonize their Apple production, including by transitioning electricity use to 100 percent renewable sources.

iPhone 16 Pro and iPhone 16 Pro Max | Product Environmental Report

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Carbon Footprint

Greenhouse gas emissions were calculated using a life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology in accordance with ISO 14040, ISO 14044, and ISO 14067 standards and based on iPhone 16 Pro Max with 256GB.23 The LCA boundary for this product includes the physical product and all of its components and packaging, as well as all in-box accessories.

Greenhouse gas emissions

iPhone 16 Pro 128GB

Total product footprint Apple emissions from utility-purchased electricity (scope 2) Life cycle product emissions (scope 3) · Production · Transportation · Product use · End-of-life processing GHG reductions achieved8

66 kg CO2e
0 kg CO2e 66 kg CO2e 81% 3% 17% <1% 30%

Note: Percentages may not total 100 due to rounding.

iPhone 16 Pro Max 256GB 74 kg CO2e
0 kg CO2e
74 kg CO2e 80% 3% 18% <1% 30%

We’ve calculated the product carbon footprint for the following configurations.

Configuration 256GB 512GB 1TB

iPhone 16 Pro 72 kg CO2e 84 kg CO2e 95 kg CO2e

iPhone 16 Pro Max 74 kg CO2e 86 kg CO2e 97 kg CO2e

iPhone 16 Pro and iPhone 16 Pro Max | Product Environmental Report

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Endnotes

1 Product recycled or renewable content is the mass of certified recycled material relative to the overall mass of the device, not including packaging or in-box accessories.
2 We estimate the percentage of electricity-related emissions in our manufacturing that is sourced from low-carbon electricity by attributing to our carbon model low-carbon energy procured by our suppliers in the prior fiscal year, based on the supplier manufacturing allocations at time of product launch. This calculation assesses the suppliers for iPhone 16 Pro Max with 256GB. Included in this number is only low-carbon electricity that Apple or its suppliers have procured as part of Apple’s Supplier Clean Energy Program.
3 Apple’s Regulated Substances Specification describes Apple’s restrictions on the use of certain chemical substances in materials in Apple products, accessories, manufacturing processes, and packaging used for shipping products to Apple’s end-customers. Restrictions are derived from international laws or directives, regulatory agencies, eco-label requirements, environmental standards, and Apple policies. Every Apple product is free of PVC and phthalates except for AC power cords in India, Thailand (for 2-prong AC power cords), and South Korea, where we continue to seek government approval for our PVC and phthalates replacement. Apple products comply with the European Union Directive 2011/65/EU and its amendments, including exemptions for the use of lead such as hightemperature solder. Apple is working to phase out the use of these exempted substances for new products where technically possible.
4 iPhone 16 Pro and iPhone 16 Pro Max are splash, water, and dust resistant and were tested under controlled laboratory conditions with a rating of IP68 under IEC standard 60529 (maximum depth of 6 meters up to 30 minutes). Splash, water, and dust resistance are not permanent conditions and resistance might decrease as a result of normal wear. Do not attempt to charge a wet iPhone; refer to the user guide for cleaning and drying instructions. Liquid damage not covered under warranty.
5 Based on retail packaging as shipped by Apple. Breakdown of U.S. retail packaging by weight. Adhesives, inks, and coatings are excluded from our calculations of plastic content and packaging weight.
6 For more information about our work to protect and create responsibly managed forests, please read our Environmental Progress Report.
7 iPhone 16 Pro and iPhone 16 Pro Max achieved a Gold rating in the United States and Canada, in accordance with IEEE 1680.1 or UL 110, and is listed as such on the Electronic Product Environmental Assessment Tool (EPEAT) Registry. EPEAT registers computers, displays, and mobile phones based on environmental requirements in these standards. For more information, visit www.epeat.net.
8 Carbon reductions are calculated against a product-specific business-as- usual scenario as modeled by Apple: 1) No use of clean electricity for manufacturing or product use, beyond what is already available on the latest modeled grid (based on regional emissions factors). 2) Apple’s carbon intensity of key materials as of 2015 (our baseline year for our 2030 product carbon neutrality goal). Carbon intensity of materials reflects use of recycled content and production technology. 3) Apple’s average mix of transportation modes (air, rail, ocean, ground) by product line across three years (fiscal years 2017 to 2019) to best capture the baseline transportation emissions of our products.
9 We calculate emissions savings from the use of recycled or low-carbon materials in our products by comparing the carbon intensity of key materials today with their 2015 baseline for Apple products or using industry average data. We currently only quantify the carbon savings from the use of recycled aluminum, titanium, stainless steel, lithium, cobalt, tungsten, and gold in select parts for select products. This means the actual emissions avoided from recycled materials are likely larger. We plan to improve our accounting of recycled content over time.
10 We estimate the percentage of electricity-related emissions in our manufacturing that is sourced from clean electricity by attributing to our carbon model clean energy procured by our suppliers in the prior fiscal year, based on the supplier manufacturing allocations at time of product launch. Included in this number is only clean electricity that Apple or its suppliers have procured as part of Apple’s Supplier Clean Energy Program.
11 Greenhouse gas emissions were calculated using a life cycle assessment methodology in accordance with ISO 14040, 14044, and 14067 standards and based on iPhone 16 Pro Max with 256 GB storage configuration. The life cycle assessment boundary for this product includes the physical product and all of its components and packaging, as well as all in-box accessories.
12Renewable energy emissions are too small to be visible on the chart.
13 We map materials in our supply chain and publish a list of identified tin, tantalum, tungsten, gold (3TG), cobalt, and lithium smelters and refiners in our supply chain. Third-party assessments seek to confirm sourcing practices and are part of our responsible sourcing program. In addition, our efforts consider a broad range of risks, including social, environmental, human rights, and governance risks.
14 All cobalt in the battery claims or references use mass balance allocation.
15 Lithium in the battery claims use mass balance allocation.

iPhone 16 Pro and iPhone 16 Pro Max | Product Environmental Report

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Endnotes

16Chemicals that meet GreenScreen® benchmark 3 or 4 or other equivalent methodologies like U.S. EPA Safer Choice are considered safer and preferred for use. GreenScreen® is a comprehensive hazard assessment tool that evaluates substances against 18 different criteria. For more information, visit www.greenscreenchemicals.org.
17 All established final assembly supplier sites–those that have been Apple suppliers for more than one year–for iPhone 16 Pro and iPhone 16 Pro Max are third-party verified as Zero Waste by UL LLC (UL 2799 Standard). UL requires at least 90 percent diversion through methods other than waste to energy to achieve Zero Waste to Landfill (Silver 9094 percent, Gold 9599 percent, and Platinum 100 percent) designations.
18 Breakdown of U.S. retail packaging by weight. Adhesives, inks, and coatings are excluded from our calculations of plastic content and packaging weight.
19 Responsible sourcing of wood fiber is defined in Apple’s Responsible Fiber Specification. We consider wood fibers to include bamboo.
20 This increase in boxes we can fit onto a pallet excludes pallets shipped to the following locations: U.S., Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, and Canada.
21 Efficiency performance is based on the U.S. Department of Energy Federal Energy Conservation Standards for Battery Chargers. Please note that ENERGY STAR does not certify smartphone devices. Energy efficiency terms: The energy efficiency values are based on the following conditions.
· Power adapter, no-load: Condition in which the Apple 20W USB-C Power Adapter with the USB-C to Lightning Cable (1m) is connected to AC power, but not connected to iPhone.
· Power adapter efficiency: Average of the 20W USB-C Power Adapter with the USB-C Charge Cable (1 m) measured efficiency when tested at 100 percent, 75 percent, 50 percent, and 25 percent of the power adapter’s rated output current.

Mode Power adapter, no-load Power adapter efficiency

Power consumption for iPhone 16 Pro and iPhone 16 Pro Max

100V 0.04W

115V 0.04W

230V 0.04W

87.49%

88.06%

87.81%

22 Trade-in values vary based on the condition, year, and configuration of your trade-in device, and may also vary between online and in-store trade-in. You must be at least 18 years old. In-store trade-in requires presentation of a valid, government-issued photo ID (local law may require saving this information). Additional terms from Apple or Apple’s trade-in partners may apply.
23 We rely on a range of data to calculate our products’ carbon footprint. Such data may change based on various internal and external factors. As a result, our estimate for the carbon footprint of iPhone 15 Pro and iPhone 15 Pro Max have been updated with an average increase of 5% from the total carbon footprint as published in its Product Environmental Report.

© 2024 Apple Inc. All rights reserved. Apple, the Apple logo, Apple TV, Apple Watch, HomePod, iPad, iPad Air, iPadOS, iPad Pro, iPhone, Mac, the Mac logo, macOS, Taptic Engine, tvOS, and watchOS are trademarks of Apple Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries and regions. Apple Store is a service mark of Apple Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries and regions. ENERGY STAR and the ENERGY STAR mark are registered trademarks owned by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Other product and company names mentioned herein may be trademarks of their respective companies.