dynamic BIOSENSORS PF-SH-1 Thiol Coupling Kit 1 for Proteins User Manual

dynamic BIOSENSORS PF-SH-1 Thiol Coupling Kit 1 for Proteins

Specifications

Product Name: proFIRE THIOL COUPLING KIT 1 FOR PROTEINS (> 5 KDA)

Order Number: PF-SH-1

Product Description

The proFIRE THIOL COUPLING KIT 1 is designed for the functionalization of DNA via thiols (-SH) for proteins larger than 5 KDA. It allows for the conjugation of proteins to DNA in a 3-step workflow.

Key Features

• Thiol reactive groups for DNA activation
• Spin column purification for removal of excess linker
• Ready-to-use protein-DNA conjugate fractions

Workflow Overview

3-Step Conjugation Workflow:

1. DNA Modification: Activate DNA with thiol reactive groups.
2. Protein Conjugation: Add protein/peptide to functionalized DNA and incubate.
3. Purification: Remove excess linker using spin column.

Specifications and Storage Information

Product Usage Instructions

Important Notes:

• * Avoid thiol-based reducing agents during the conjugation\ process.

  • Use purified protein samples without carriers for best results.

Step-by-Step Conjugation Process:

1. DNA Modification: Activate DNA with thiol reactive groups as per the protocol.
2. Protein Conjugation: Add protein/peptide to functionalized DNA and incubate for at least 1 hour.
3. Purification: Remove excess linker using the provided spin column.

Additional Materials Required:

• * Benchtop microcentrifuge

  • Vortex
  • UV-Vis Spectrophotometer

FAQ

• Q: Can I use partially purified protein samples with the kit?
  • A: It is recommended to use purified protein samples without carriers for optimal results. Avoid using partially purified samples.
• Q: What if I need to use a reducing agent during the process?
  • A: If a reducing agent is necessary, TCEP up to 1 mM is recommended. Avoid using 2-Mercaptoethanol or other thiol-based agents.\

THIOL COUPLING KIT 1 FOR PROTEINS ( > 5 KDA)

functionalization of DNA via thiols (-SH) Dynamic Biosensors GmbH & Inc. PF- SH-1 v6.1

Key Features

• Allows for coupling of biomolecules with free thiols (e.g. cysteines) to modified DNA in a reaction tube.
• Oligos are not included in the kit.
• Convenient standard chemistry.
• Suitable for proteins and peptides (MW > 5 kDa).
• Suitable for any DNA sequence and length up to 150 bases.
• Yields >95 % pure protein-DNA conjugate with controlled quality of your product.
• Coupling of multiple proteins can be performed simultaneously.

Workflow Overview

3-Step Conjugation Workflow

Product Description

Order Number: PF-SH-1

Table 1. Contents and Storage Information

For research use only.

This product has a limited shelf life, please see expiry date on label.

IMPORTANT

Products may be shipped at different temperatures, but storage should adhere to the guidelines outlined in the Table. The kit contains reagents sufficient for five conjugations of approximately 50-200 μg of biomolecule each. The resin slurry in the purification spin column contains 0.02 % sodium azide.

Additional Materials Required

Table 2. Additional Materials

All necessary solutions and buffers are included in the kit.

Important Notes

• a. Do not use 2-Mercaptoethanol or other thiol-based reducing agents during the conjugation process. If a reducing agent is necessary, TCEP is recommended up to 1 mM.
• b. Avoid using partially purified protein samples or protein samples containing carriers (e.g. BSA).
• c. To ensure the highest reaction yields, the ligand should be dissolved in Conjugation Buffer SH. Buffer exchange is recommended prior to the conjugation process.
• d. Before starting, briefly centrifuge all tubes with green and transparent caps to ensure that all material is at the bottom of the tubes.
• e. For molecules with a molecular weight around or lower than 5 kDa, extra caution is required during the purification process. Small molecules and some peptides may not be properly purified using the provided chromatographic column. For more information please email support@dynamic-biosensors.com.
• f. If the pI of the protein is < 6, a lower pH buffer is necessary. For more information, please email support@dynamic-biosensors.com.

3-Step Conjugation of a Biomolecule to DNA in a Reaction Tube

Please read the entire protocol before starting and perform all steps without interruption. TIP This protocol can be performed simultaneously for multiple coupling reactions. \Avoid using partially purified protein samples or protein samples containing carriers (e.g., BSA). Before starting allow the crosslinker to reach room temperature before use.

DNA Modification

1. Equilibrate two purification spin columns (red cap) for one coupling reaction:

   • a. Remove the column’s bottom seal and loosen cap (do not remove cap).
   • b. Place the column in a 2.0 mL reaction tube.
   • c. Centrifuge at 1,500 × g for 1 minute to remove the storage solution.
   • d. Add 400 μL of Conjugation Buffer to the column’s resin bed. Centrifuge at 1,500 × g for 1 minute to remove buffer.
   • e. Repeat step d and discard the resulting buffer from the reaction tube. The purification spin column should now be in a dry state.

2. Dissolve the DNA in 40 μL Dilution Buffer SH prior to use, vortex until all solids are completely dissolved and briefly spin down.

3. Dissolve the crosslinker (green cap) by adding 100 μL ddH2O, vortex until solids are completely dissolved and briefly spin down. IMPORTANT: Always use fresh compound.

4. Add 10 μL of the freshly prepared linker solution to one DNA aliquot. Discard the remaining linker solution from step 3.

5. Vortex the reactants for 10 sec, spin down and incubate for 45 minutes at room temperature.
   IMPORTANT Do not exceed incubation time or the reaction yield will decrease.

6. Sample loading

   • a. Place the columns from step 1 in new 1.5 mL reaction tubes.
   • b. Remove the cap of spin column number 1 and apply the sample from step 5 to the top of the resin bed.
   • c. Centrifuge at 1,500 × g for 2 minutes to collect the sample (flow-through). Discard the Purification spin column after use.
   • d. Remove the cap of spin column number 2 and apply the sample from step c to the resin bed.
   • e. Centrifuge at 1,500 × g for 2 minutes to collect the sample (flow-through). Discard the Purification spin column after use.

Protein Conjugation

1. Add approx. 100 μg (up to a maximum of 200 μg) of the protein (concentration approx. 0.5 – 50 mg/mL) to the
   sample from step 6. For optimal conditions use a volume of approx. 50 μL.
   EXAMPLE: Adjust protein concentration to 2 mg/mL and use 50 μL for conjugation.
   IMPORTANT Ensure the storage buffer of the protein does not contain any thiols, e.g. 2-Mercaptoethanol (please check Important Notes).

2. Mix the reaction by pipetting up and down and let it react at room temperature for at least 1 hour.

IMPORTANT Do not vortex. If necessary, the reaction can be carried out at 4 °C with a longer reaction time (e.g. overnight).

proFIRE® Purification

Please refer to the proFIRE® User Manual.

1. Perform a purification using the appropriate proFIRE® workflow (please refer to the proFIRE® User Manual).
   Please make sure that the sample volume is 160 μL.

   • a. If the volume is less than 160 μL, fill the missing volume with Conjugation Buffer.
   • b. If the volume exceeds 160 μL, please perform an additional 160 μL runs until all the sample is consumed.

2. Use the Data Viewer software of the proFIRE® to identify which fractions contain pure conjugate. An example chromatogram is shown in Additional Information section: proFIRE® purification of a protein-DNA conjugate.

3. Remove the recommended fractions from the fraction collector.

Buffer Exchange

1. Add 500 μL of the first proFIRE® fraction containing the protein-DNA conjugate to the centrifugal filter unit. Centrifuge at 13,000 x g (up to 14,000 x g) for 10 minutes and discard flow-through.
2. Add the remaining fractions to the same filter unit and repeat the centrifugation step in order to collect all samples in one tube. (Please check Additional information: Buffer Exchange and Concentration with Centrifugal Filter Units).
3. Add 350 μL of buffer of choice for buffer exchange and centrifuge at 13,000 x g for 10 minutes. Discard the flow-through.
4. Add 350 μL of buffer of choice for buffer exchange and centrifuge at 13,000 x g for 15 minutes. Discard the flow-through.
5. To recover the protein-DNA conjugate, place the centrifugal filter unit upside down in a new centrifugal collection tube (provided in the kit). Spin at 1,000 x g for 2 minutes to transfer the sample to the tube.

Aliquots and Storage

1. Measure the absorbance of the protein-DNA conjugate at 260 nm ( = ) on a UV-Vis Spectrophotometer (e.g. Nanodrop).

2. Determine the concentration of the protein-DNA conjugate (  ) by inserting ( ****) in the following equation
   with

   • : Concentration of the ligand strand
   • : Absorbance at 260 nm
   • : Extinction coefficient of the DNA at 260 nm
   • d : Lightpath length (typically 1 cm; please check your UV-Vis Spectrophotometer’s user manual)

3. Store between -86 °C and 8 °C, as desired. Stability of the solution is related to the stability of the protein

Additional Information

proFIRE® purification of a protein-DNA conjugate

1. We recommend using the proFIRE® system equipped with an ion exchange column, Buffer A [2] and Buffer B [3], which have same composition, but different salt concentrations, allowing peaks separation. In Figure 1 a typical proFIRE® chromatogram of a protein-DNA conjugate purification is depicted, where the peak of the protein-DNA conjugate is separated from the free protein (left) and the free DNA (right).
   IMPORTANT: The proFIRE® system owns a tailored software for automatic recognition and quantitation of DNA conjugates.

2. After purification, collect the protein-DNA conjugate fractions (Figure 1: fractions 8-10), concentrate the conjugate and exchange buffer with your buffer of choice using a Centrifugal filter unit, as described in section II.

Figure 1. proFIRE® chromatogram of a ligand strand conjugate purification. Used buffers: Buffer A [2]; Buffer B [3]. Column: DBS-chromatographic column. Flow: 1 mL/min. Used program: DNA length 48, Type 1

Buffer Exchange and Concentration with Centrifugal Filter Units

1. Take one centrifugal filter unit, add the appropriate volume of buffer in the filter device, and cap it.
2. Place capped filter device into the centrifuge rotor, aligning the cap strap toward the center of the rotor; counterbalance with a similar device.
3. Spin the device at 13,000 x g (or 14,000 x g) for the given time.
4. Remove the flow through and repeat steps 1-3.
5. Remove the assembled device from the centrifuge and separate the filter device from the microcentrifuge tube.
6. To recover the conjugate, place the filter device upside down in a clean centrifugal tube, aligning the open cap towards the center of the rotor; counterbalance with a similar device. Spin for 2 minutes at 1,000 x g to transfer the sample from the device to the tube.

Compatibility Sheet

Buffer additives

The conjugation of ligands with all available coupling kits can be performed with many different additives. The following list shows all tested additives. Please note that other additives, which are not listed here may successfully be used for conjugation.

• thiol-based reducing agents
• contains primary amines
• caution, may harm the ligand

pH/pI

The pH value for the conjugation buffer may range from pH 5.0 to pH 8.0, depending on the ligand characteristics. When performing a conjugation of proteins with a pI of < 6, please note that using a buffer with lower pH may result in a better yield of conjugate.

Salt concentration

For standard conjugations 50 mM buffer salt and 150 mM NaCl (monovalent salt) are used. When performing conjugation of strongly charged proteins, make sure that the concentration of NaCl is sufficiently high (up to 400 mM NaCl is recommended). Otherwise, precipitation of DNA may occur. The shielding effect of monovalent sodium cations leads to DNA stabilization through neutralization of the negative charge on the sugar phosphate backbone.

Useful Order Numbers

Table 3. Order Numbers

Contact

• Dynamic Biosensors GmbH
• Perchtinger Str. 8/10
• 81379 Munich
• Germany
• Dynamic Biosensors, Inc.
• 300 Trade Center, Suite 1400
• Woburn, MA 01801
• USA
• Order Information order@dynamic-biosensors.com
• Technical Support support@dynamic-biosensors.com
• www.dynamic-biosensors.com
• Instruments and chips are engineered and manufactured in Germany.
• ©2024 Dynamic Biosensors GmbH | Dynamic Biosensors, Inc. All rights reserved.

1. For conjugation of proteins with a molecular weight higher than 20 kDa: Centrifugal filter units with a MWCO of 10 kDa can be ordered for a faster concentration process (Order No: CF-010-5).
2. Buffer A: 50 mM Na2HPO4/NaH2PO4, 150 mM NaCl, pH 7.2
3. Buffer B: 50 mM Na2HPO4/NaH2PO4, 1 M NaCl, pH 7.2
   www.dynamic-biosensors.com

References

• HomePage | Biosensors International Ltd
• Home - Dynamic Biosensors
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