Kerlink 473-2846 LoRaWAN Wirnet iFemtoCell Gateway User Manual

: June 6, 2024
: Kerlink

USER MANUAL
WIRNET™ IFEMTOCELL

Name	Written by	Approved by	Validated by
Benoit LE TEXIER	Martin CHAPLET	Pierre TALVAZ
Entity	KLK/KIS/DRD/BS	KLK/KIS/DRD/BS	KLK/KIS/DRD/SPT
Date	26/02/2019	26/02/2019	14/03/2019

HISTORY

Date	Modification	Author	Version
19/10/201/	First version	Vincent NOUVEAU	0.3
9/11/2018	Approbation and validation	Vincent LOUVEAU	1.0
9/11/2018	§11.3: Update 923MHz certifications	Vincent LOUVEAU	1.
18/02/2019	KerOS v4.0 modifications :

•§6.4 : Add Wi-Fi direct connection
•§6.6 : Update procedure and new configuration capabilities| Benoit LE TEXIER|

26/02/2019| Approbation| Benoit LE TEXIER| 1.
14/03/2019| Validation| Benoit LE TEXIER| 2.0
30/03/2021| Modification of the Indonesia label| | 3.0
25/06/2021| Modification of the FCC ID, IC ID and Model
name for the Wirnet iFemtoCell 915| Pierre DEMETZ| 3.
28/06/2021| Add antenna characteristics| Pierre DEMETZ| 3.

Normal conditions of use

The Wirnet™ iFemtoCell is an indoor LoRa Gateway for IoT chain. It is based on LoRa® technology provided by Semtech Company and is fully compatible and interoperable with existing LoRa LPWAN.
The Wirnet™ iFemtoCell is available in three versions to cover different countries and areas around the world:

| Wirner iFemtoCell 868MHz| Wirner iFemtoCell 915MHz| Wirner iFemtoCell 923MHz
---|---|---|---
Geographical area| Europe, Russia
Africa
Middle East, India| North America
Central America
South America with the exception of Brazil| Asia: Indonesia, Malaysia, Korea, Japan, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Thailand, Vietnam, Singapore, Philippines Oceania: Australia, New Zealand Brazil
ISM band| 863 – 876 MHz| 902 – 928 MHz| 915 – 928 MHz
Downstream bandwidth (Tx of the WirnetTM
iFemtoCell)| 863 – 873MHz| 902 – 928 MHz| 915 – 928 MHz
Upstream bandwidth (Rx of the Warner iFemtoCell)| 863 – 873 MHz| 902 – 928 MHz| 915 – 928 MHz
Certifications| See paragraph 11.1| See paragraph 11.2| See paragraph 11.3

Please check the appropriate version for the dedicated country. Contact your reseller if required.
The present document addresses all the above Wirnet™ iFemtoCell versions.

Description of features

Here are the main functionalities of the Wirnet™ iFemtoCell:

LongRange support:
o Incorporate LoRa (TM) bidirectional communications technology:
868MHz version → RX: 863- 873MHz, TX: 863-873MHz (according to HW capabilities)
915MHz version → 902-928 MHz ISM band-hybrid mode (according to HW capabilities)
923MHz version → RX: 915-928 MHz, TX: 915-928MHz (according to HW capabilities)
o 49 LoRa demodulators over 9 channels + 1 x GFSK
Embedded, remote and open low power communication station
Open development framework based on standard Linux OS
Internet connectivity over Wi-Fi, Ethernet or 3G/4G (with optional USB dongle)
USB host interface allowing local software upgrade with USB mass-storage key

Safety

Warnings in this manual

Warnings provide important safety information.
Warnings must be read before any action is taken that could generate risks to people or equipment.
Refers to a critical situation.
In case of non-compliance, it may result in property damage.
WARNING
Refers to useful information during manipulations.

Safety instructions

Please read this user manual carefully.
It is an integral part of the described equipment and it must be available at all time.

WARNING

Only use the Wirnet™ iFemtoCell for its intended use, see chapter 1 “Normal conditions of use”.
Only use the Wirnet™ iFemtoCell in the normal operating conditions described in chapter 10 “Technical characteristics”.
Maintenance and repair must be carried out by qualified personnel authorized by the manufacturer.
The enclosure of the Wirnet™ iFemtoCell must not be opened by customer.
The Wirnet™ iFemtoCell should only be used with accessories or spare parts supplied by your reseller.

Overview of Wirnet™ iFemtoCell

N°	Components	N°	Components
1	Wirnet’m iFemtoCell	9	SMA connector for LoRa antenna
2	Silkscreened KERLINK marking	10	Silkscreened Wi-Fi (WPS) marking
3	Jack connector (for power supply)	11	Wi-H (WPS) push button
4	USB connector	12	Silkscreened Reset marking
5	FU45 connector (Ethernet)	13	Reset push button
6	3 bicolor LEDs	14	LoRa antenna (862-873MHz, 902-928MHZ, 3dBi, 500;

Markings

Markings on sticker

Symbol	Description	Symbol	Description
WirnetT” iFemtoCell	Type of equipment		QR code
10-15V 1A	Power supply Information	Or another marking	CE marking

indicating that the product complies with current European directives, or other marking depending on the country
Board ID| Serial number of board| | Marking Indicating that the product complies with RoHS directives
Final product ID| Serial number of product| | Do not dispose of domestic waste
MAC ADDR| MAC address| | The product must be Installed on a non-flammable substrate (UL 94V0) Refer to the Installation Instructions before powering up

Markings on packaging

Symbol	Description	Symbol	Description

WirnetTM
iFemtoCell| Type of equipment| | QR code
Final product ID| Serial number of product|
another marking| CE marking indicating that the product complies with current European directives, or other marking depending on the country
Packaging ID| Identifier of packaging| | Marking indicating that the product complies with RoHS directives
Software version| Version of embedded software| | Do not dispose of with domestic waste
MAC ADDR| MAC address| | Product must be installed on a non-flammable substrate (UL 94V0) Refer to the installation instructions before powering up

Installation of Wirnet™ iFemtoCell

Mounting of the enclosure

WARNING
The Wirnet™ iFemtoCell enclosure must be mounted on any concrete pedestal, concrete wall or any non-flammable surface (UL94-V0). It must not be mounted on a flammable surface.
The Wirnet™ iFemtoCell may be mounted on a wall using the two oblong holes.
Only two screws (not included) are needed, all mounting information is mentioned on the following drawing:

Setting connections

WARNING
Before setting all connections, ensure that the power supply is not connected to the main supply.

When the Wirnet™ iFemtoCell is installed, three configurations are possible regarding the technology used to access the Internet:

Ethernet connection, requiring Ethernet access through a dedicated RJ45 cable
Wi-Fi connection, requiring a Wi-Fi access point
3G/4G connection via USB dongle (optional) and a USIM subscription (not included)

The three configurations may be used in parallel. A typical example is the possibility to insure Ethernet backup by a 3G/4G link.
The following connections are required to operate the Wirnet™ iFemtoCell (see chapter 4 “Overview” for details of connectors):

Power supply
Ethernet cable (not included)
LoRa antenna
USB mass-storage key (not included)
3G/4G USB dongle (optional) and a USIM subscription (not included)

The Ethernet cable is not provided and must consist of two RJ45 T 568A (or 568B) plugs on each side.
KERLINK recommends using a cable with the following characteristics:

Category: 6A
Shielding: STP (U/FTP) or SSTP (S/FTP)
Section conductors: AWG26
External jacket: LSZH or PUR
Maximum length: 100 meters
Operating temperature range: -20°C to +50°C

In case of 3G/4G connection with USB dongle:

KERLINK recommends using a validated USB dongle (contact your reseller to have the list of validated USB dongles).
The alternative dongle may require additional drivers and firmware updates to be used.
To optimize the radio performances, when possible, KERLINK strongly recommends to dissociate the antennas (LoRa and
3G/4G) by using a 1-meter extension cable for the 3G/4G USB dongle.

This radio transmitter 20637-KLK915MWIFC has been approved by Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada to operate with the antenna types listed below, with the maximum permissible gain indicated. Antenna types not included in this list that have a gain greater than the maximum gain indicated for any type listed are strictly prohibited for use with this device.
Authorized antennas
868/915 MHz Rubber Dipole WHITE antenna (Swivel RP-SMA Male). REF : KLK02887

Electrical Characteristics :
Frequency range : 862/873 MHz, 902-928MHz
Impedance : 50 ohms
Technology : Dipole
VSWR : <1.7 :1
Max Gain : 3dBi
Polarization : Vertical
Whip material : ABS
Color : White
Connector (Wirnet™
iFemtoCell 915) : RP-SMA
Size : 135x20mm
Weigh : 15g
Antenna operating temperature range : -20°C to +55°C

Power ON

Once the LoRa RF antenna, the Ethernet cable (if used) or the optional 3G/4G USB dongle (with USIM card inserted) and the power supply jack connector are connected, the Wirnet™ iFemtoCell can be powered ON by connecting the power supply onto the 230VAC mains supply.

The power supply is provided with E/F type cable (Europe) or B type cable (USA).

First connection

When the Wirnet™ iFemtoCell is installed, the first connection can be done by three different ways:

Using Ethernet connection:
o Plug the Wirnet™ iFemtoCell to your box or internet router with an Ethernet cable
o The connection will be established automatically
If you have a WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup) compatible AP:
o Press the WPS button on the Wirnet™ iFemtoCell (see chapter 4 “Overview”) then press the WPS button on the Wi-Fi access point of the installation
o The connection will be established automatically
Using the Wi-Fi direct connection:
o Please contact your reseller for more information about this connection mode

Functional check

To ensure the Wirnet™ iFemtoCell is started up, check the behavior of the LED indicators:

LED	Specification
LED 1: Power	RED blinking during the kernel boot GREEN blinking during system

boot GREEN when boot is finished
LED 2: Backhaul| RED during boot
If the applicative software provided by KERLINK is installed:
•RED if applicative software is disconnected
•GREEN blinking during applicative software connection
•GREEN fix if applicative software is connected
LED 3: LoRa traffic| RED during boot
If the applicative software provided by KERLINK is installed:
•Applicative software management
•Rx: GREEN blinking
•Tx: RED blinking

Applicative software stands for embedded software running on the Wirnet™ iFemtoCell like KERLINK Small Private Network or another Packet Forwarder (software that forwards RF packets received to a server and emits RF packets that are sent
by the server).
Please contact your reseller to know the Led’s behavior if the applicative software installed on the Wirnet™ iFemtoCell is not the one officially provided by KERLINK.

Configuration

Once the connection of your Wirnet™ iFemtoCell is established (Ethernet, Wi-Fi in infrastructure mode or not), a Web configuration interface is available.
You will be greeted with the following screen:
Please contact you reseller for more information and get the credentials.
For information the hostname of the Wirnet™ iFemtoCell is “klk-wifcxxxxxx” where xxxxxx is the end of the board ID. This information is present on the sticker placed on the rear side of the product. For example, or a board ID 7048Bec030178, xxxxxx value is 030178. The Web interface allows to configure the following items:

Ethernet configuration:
o IPv4 mode: Automatic (DHCP), Manual (static) or Off (disabled)
o In manual configuration:
IPv4 address
IPv4 gateway address and network mask
IPv4 DNS resolver
Wi-Fi configuration:
o SSID
o Password
o Scanning (SSID, RSSI)
GSM / HSPA / LTE configuration:
o USIM pincode
o APN
o Login
o Password
Security credentials:
o Change of admin user password

Described behavior is based on Keros firmware 4.0, it can be modified in newer firmware.

Problems

Problem	Cause	How to fix?
The LEDs never turn on	The WirnetTM iFemtoCell is not well powered	•Check

the position/good connection of the power supply jack connector
•Check that the power supply is properly connected to the mains supply
No LoRa data received| The LoRa antenna is not well connected| •Check that a LoRa endpoint is within range of the Warner iFemtoCell
•Check the tightening of the LoRa antenna (SMA connector)
•Check that the LoRa antenna does not deteriorate
No Internet access| No technology to access the Internet is activated/available on the Warner iFemtoCell| In case of Ethernet connection:
•Check the position/good connection of the R.145 Ethernet connector
•Check that the RJ45 cable does not deteriorate
In case of Wi-Fi connection:
•Check that the Wi-Fi access point is within range of the WirnetTM iFemtoCell
In case of 3Q4G connection:
•Check that the USB dongle is well plugged
•Check that the USB dongle is well supported by firmware

In case of a problem that cannot be resolved immediately from the table, contact your reseller. Do not use the Wirnet™ iFemtoCell to prevent further damage.

Disposal / Recycling

Do not throughout the product with domestic waste. For proper disposal, contact a waste disposal company. The packaging of the product (cardboard and liners) can be disposed of with the used paper.

Warranty

Contact your reseller for warranty conditions of the Wirnet™ iFemtoCell.
WARNING
The Wirnet™ iFemtoCell is not warranted by KERLINK in case the enclosure is opened by the customer for any reason.

Technical characteristics

Characteristic	WirnetTM iFemtoCell
Enclosure material	PC + ABS
LED gasket material	Elastomer compound based on styrene-butadiene-styrene

(SBS)
Dimensions LxHxP in mm:
•Without LoRa antenna
•With LoRa antenna| 160 x 90 x 35 mm
220 x 125 x 35 mm
Weight in g (with AC power supply and LoRa RF antenna)| 280g
Operating temperature range| Enclosure: -20°C to +50°C
Power supply: country dependent, please refer to power supply itself or contact your reseller
Power supply output voltage| 12 VDC
Power consumption:
•CPU module (20% load), Ethernet link ON
•Wi-Fi (25%Tx,75%Rx)
•3G/4G USB dongle (HSPA, 25% Tx, 75% Rx)
•Radio in Rx mode (x8 demodulator on)| 1.3W max
0.5W max
1W max
1.6W max
Ingress protection| IP30 / EN 60529
Humidity| 95% non-condensing
Impact resistance| IK07
Flammability rating| UL94-VO
Connectors| 1 x SMA or RP-SMA (LoRa antenna)
1 x jack connector (power supply)
1 x USB
1 x R.I45

Declaration of conformity

Wirnet™ iFemtoCell 868MHz

The Wirnet™ iFemtoCell 868 complies with:

Directive 2014/53/EU relating to radio equipment (RED)
Directive 2014/35/EU relating to electrical equipment designed for use within certain voltage limits (Low Voltage)
Directive 2014/30/EU relating to Electromagnetic Compatibility
Directive 2011/65/EU on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment (ROHS)
Council Recommendation 1999/519/EC on the limitation of exposure of the general public to electromagnetic fields (0 Hz to 300 GHz)

The Wirnet™ iFemtoCell 868 is considered as a category 1.5 receiver according to the EN 300 220.
The Wirnet™ iFemtoCell 868 has CE marking:

In Europe, the Wirnet™ iFemtoCell 868 stations must comply with the ERC 70-3 requirements regarding duty cycle and maximum EIRP. They are summarized in the following table:

ERC 70-03 Band	Frequency (MHz)	Power	Duty cycle
h1.3	863-865	14dBm ERP	0,1%
h1.3	865-868	14dBm ERP	1%
h1.4	868-868,6	14dBm ERP	1%
h1.5	868,7-869,2	14dBm ERP	0,1%
h1.6	869,4-869,65	27dBm ERP	10%
h1.7	869,7-870	14dBm ERP	1%
h2	870-873	14dBm ERP	0,1%
h2.1	870-873	14dBm ERP	1%
Annex2/c	870-873	27dBm ERP	2,5%

The power supply of the Wirnet™ iFemtoCell 868 must be a limited power source.

If the LoRa antenna is changed, the output power must be adjusted to take into account the gain of the antenna to not overrule the ERC 70-3 regulation.
Be careful, some countries in Europe may have specific frequency range, EIRP and duty cycles regulations. Check the local regulations before installing and commissioning the Wirnet™ iFemtoCell 868.
For other countries, outside Europe, check the frequency range, the maximum EIRP and duty cycle allowed.

Wirnet™ iFemtoCell 915MHz

The Wirnet™ iFemtoCell 915 complies with both FCC and IC regulations.
The associated FCC and IC identifiers of the Wirnet™ iFemtoCell 915 are:
Model: Wirnet™ iFemtoCell 915MHz
FCC ID: 2AFYS-KLK915MWIFC
IC: 20637-KLK915MWIFC

The power supply of the Wirnet™ iFemtoCell 915 must be a limited power source.
Any changes or modifications to this equipment not expressly by Kerlink may cause, interfere and void the FCC authorization to operate this equipment.
This device complies with Industry Canada’s license-exempt RSS.

Operation is subject to the following two conditions:

This device may not cause harmful interference, and
This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation of the device.

Some conditions have to be respected to maintain the FCC and IC compliance of the devices in the USA and Canada.
Please contact your reseller to have details.
For others countries, check the specific regulations regarding maximum EIRP and duty cycle allowed.

WARNING

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:
—Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
—Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
—Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.
—Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help

This equipment complies with RSS102’s and FCC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment under
the following conditions:

This equipment should be installed and operated such that a minimum separation distance of 20cm is maintained between the radiator (antenna) and the user’s/nearby person’s body at all times.
This transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter.

Wirnet™ iFemtoCell 923MHz

The Wirnet™ iFemtoCell 923 complies with:

Directive 2014/53/EU relating to radio equipment (RED)
Directive 2014/35/EU relating to electrical equipment designed for use within certain voltage limits (Low Voltage)
Directive 2014/30/EU relating to Electromagnetic Compatibility
Directive 2011/65/EU on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment (ROHS)
Council Recommendation 1999/519/EC on the limitation of exposure of the general public to electromagnetic fields (0 Hz to 300 GH

The Wirnet™ iFemtoCell 923 is considered as a category 1.5 receiver according to the EN 300 220
The Wirnet™ iFemtoCell 923 has CE marking:

The Wirnet™ iFemtoCell 923 is certified for the following countries:

Country	Label, identification and comments

Australia
New Zealand|
Japan|
Malaysia|
Thailand|
Hong Kong|
Singapore|
Taïwan| CCAN18LP0430T4
South Korea|
---|---
Vietnam|
Indonesia|
Brazil|
Philippines|

This transmitter must be installed to provide a minimum separation distance of at least 20 cm from any person and must not be co-located with any other transmitter.

The power supply of the Wirnet™ iFemtoCell 923 must be a limited power source.

Depending on the countries, check the specific regulations applying, especially regarding frequency range, maximum EIRP, duty cycle allowed, maximum transmit duration, carrier sense mandatory or not…
Please contact your reseller to have details on specific rules for specific countries.