Juniper NETWORKS Version 2.34 Upgrading Control Center

Specifications

• Product Name: Control Center
• Version: 4.4
• Published: 2024-03-21

Product Information
The Control Center is a software application designed to manage and upgrade Ubuntu systems efficiently. It allows users to migrate data from an old Control Center instance to a new instance seamlessly.

Product Usage Instructions

Scenario A: Upgrade of Ubuntu 16.04 to Ubuntu 18.04

1. Back up the PostgreSQL database:
   • Run the command: pg_dump -h localhost -U netrounds netrounds > ncc_postgres.sql
   • Alternatively, you can save in binary format using: pg_dump -h localhost -U netrounds -Fc netrounds > ncc_postgres.binary
   • Back up OpenVPN keys using: sudo tar -czf ncc_openvpn.tar.gz /var/lib/netrounds/openvpn
   • Back up RRD files (metrics data) using: sudo tar -czf ncc_rrd.tar.gz /var/lib/netrounds/rrd
2. Copy the Apache configuration file: sudo cp /etc/apache2/sites-available/netrounds-ssl.conf /etc/apache2/sites-available/netrounds-ssl.conf.old
3. Upgrade the PostgreSQL cluster version:
   • Shut down the server and delete the cluster using: sudo pg_dropcluster 10 main --stop
   • Upgrade the cluster version using: sudo pg_upgradecluster 9.5 main
4. Delete the old cluster version and purge old PostgreSQL packages using: sudo pg_dropcluster 9.5 main
5. Install the new Control Center version:
   • Extract the Control Center package: tar -xzf netrounds-control-center_${CC_VERSION}.tar.gz
   • Update and install the new version using: sudo apt update && sudo apt install ./netrounds-control-center_${CC_VERSION}/*.deb
6. Migrate data to the new version using: sudo ncc migrate

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

• Q: What should I do if the migration script outputs warnings?
  If the migration script outputs warnings, do not proceed with the database migration procedure. Contact Juniper support for assistance and provide them with the output from the script to resolve any database issues before continuing with the upgrade.

• Q: How long does the ‘ncc migrate’ command take to execute?
  The ‘ncc migrate’ command may take several minutes to execute as it migrates data to the new version. Please be patient during this process.

Introduction

This document concerns upgrading of Paragon Active Assurance Control Center from version 2.34 to a later version. The upgrade entails special procedures as it involves upgrading the Ubuntu OS from 16.04 to 18.04. The document covers two scenarios:

• Upgrade of Ubuntu 16.04 (with Control Center installed) to Ubuntu 18.04.
• Fresh installation of Ubuntu 18.04 followed by installation of Control Center and transfer of backup data from an old Control Center instance to the new instance.

For other upgrades, please refer to the Upgrade Guide.

Scenario A: Upgrade of Ubuntu 16.04 to Ubuntu 18.04

• Begin by disabling the apache2 and netrounds-callexecuter services:
  sudo systemctl disable apache2 netrounds-callexecuter

• Stop all Paragon Active Assurance services:
  sudo systemctl stop “netrounds-*” apache2 openvpn@netrounds

• Take backups of Paragon Active Assurance product data.
  NOTE : This is the backup procedure described in the Operations Guide, chapter Backing Up Product Data, only more briefly worded.

Run these commands:

• Back up the PostgreSQL database

  • pg_dump –help
  • pg_dump -h localhost -U netrounds netrounds > ncc_postgres.sql

• (Alternatively, to save in binary format:)

• pg_dump -h localhost -U netrounds -Fc netrounds > ncc_postgres.binary

• Back up OpenVPN keys

  sudo tar -czf ncc_openvpn.tar.gz /var/lib/netrounds/openvpn

• Note: Be sure to store these in a safe place.

• Back up RRD files (metrics data)

• Check the file size before compressing the RRDs. Use of the tar command is not # recommended if the RRDs are larger than 50 GB; see note below.

  • du -hs /var/lib/netrounds/rrd
  • sudo tar -czf ncc_rrd.tar.gz /var/lib/netrounds/rrd

NOTE : The pg_dump command will ask for a password which can be found in /etc/netrounds/netrounds.conf under “postgres database”. The default password is “netrounds”.
NOTE : For a large-scale setup (> 50 GB), making a tarball of the RRD files might take too long, and taking a snapshot of the volume can be a better idea. Possible solutions for doing this include: using a file system that supports snapshots, or taking a snapshot of the virtual volume if the server is running in a virtual environment.

• Check the integrity of the database using the supplied script netrounds_2.35_validate_db.sh.

WARNING : If this script outputs warnings, do not attempt the database migration procedure described “below” on page 5 . Contact Juniper support by filing a ticket at https://support.juniper.net/support/requesting-support (supplying the output from the script) to have the problems with the database resolved before you proceed with the upgrade.

• Take backups of the Control Center configuration files:
  • /etc/apache2/sites-available/netrounds-ssl.conf
  • /etc/apache2/sites-available/netrounds.conf
  • /etc/netrounds/netrounds.conf
  • /etc/netrounds/probe-connect.conf
  • /etc/netrounds/restol.conf
  • /etc/netrounds/secret_key
  • /etc/netrounds/test-agent-gateway.yaml
  • /etc/openvpn/netrounds.conf

For example:
sudo cp /etc/apache2/sites-available/netrounds-ssl.conf /etc/apache2/sites- available/netrounds-ssl.conf.old

• Upgrade Ubuntu to version 18.04. A typical upgrade procedure is as follows (adapted from https://wiki.ubuntu.com/BionicBeaver/ReleaseNotes):

  • To upgrade on a server system:
  • Install update-manager-core if it is not already installed.
  • Make sure the Prompt line in /etc/update-manager/release-upgrades is set to ‘lts’ (to ensure that the OS is upgraded to the 18.04, the next LTS version after 16.04).
  • Launch the upgrade tool with the command sudo do-release-upgrade.
  • Follow the on-screen instructions. As far as Paragon Active Assurance is concerned, you can keep the defaults throughout. (It may of course happen that you need to make different choices for reasons unrelated to Paragon Active Assurance.)

• Once Ubuntu has been upgraded, reboot the system. Then perform the following steps:

• Upgrade PostgreSQL.

• Update PostgreSQL database files from version 9.5 to version 10:
  sudo pg_dropcluster 10 main –stop # Shut down server and completely delete cluster# “main” version 10 (this prepares for the upgrade# in the next command)
  sudo pg_upgradecluster 9.5 main # Upgrade cluster “main” version 9.5 to latest#
  available version (10) sudo pg_dropcluster 9.5 main# Completely delete cluster “main” version 9.5

• Remove the outdated version of PostgreSQL:
  sudo apt purge postgresql-9.5 postgresql-client-9.5 postgresql-contrib-9.5

• Update Paragon Active Assurance packages.

  • Compute the checksum for the tarball containing the new Control Center version and verify that it is equal to the SHA256 checksum provided on the download page:
    sha256sum paa-control-center_${CC_VERSION}.tar.gz

• Unpack the Control Center tarball:
  export CCVERSION=
  tar -xzf netrounds-control-center${CC_VERSION}.tar.gz

• Install new Control Center packages:
  sudo apt update
  sudo apt install ./netrounds-control-center_${CC_VERSION}/*.deb

• Remove the obsolete packages:

NOTE : It is vital to remove these packages.

• Test Agent Lite support sudo apt purge netrounds-agent-login

• Unsupported jsonfield package sudo apt remove python-django-jsonfield

Before doing the database migration, you need to perform some additional steps. Go to this Knowledge base article, scroll down to the section Actions if the release has been installed, and perform steps 1 through 4 of those instructions.
NOTE : Do not perform step 5 at this point.

• Run the database migration:
  NOTE : Before doing the migration, you must ensure that the database integrity check described “above” on page 2 completes without error.
  sudo ncc migrate
  The ncc migrate command takes considerable time to execute (many minutes). It should print the following (details omitted below):

  • Migrating database…

  • Operations to perform:
    <…>

  • Synchronizing apps without migrations:
    <…>

  • Running migrations:
    <…>

  • Creating cache table…
    <…>

  • Syncing test scripts…

  • <Updating script …>

• (Optional) Update the ConfD package if you need ConfD:
  tar -xzf netrounds-confd_${NCCVERSION}.tar.gz
  sudo apt install ./netrounds-confd${NCC_VERSION}\_all.deb

• Compare the previously backed-up configuration files with the newly installed ones, and manually merge the contents of the two sets of files (they should remain in the same locations).

• Enable the apache2, kafka, and netrounds-callexecuter services:
  sudo systemctl enable apache2 kafka netrounds-callexecuter

• Start Paragon Active Assurance services:
  sudo systemctl start –all “netrounds-*” apache2 kafka openvpn@netrounds

• To activate the new configuration, you also need to run:
  sudo systemctl reload apache2

• Install new Test Agent repositories:
  TA_APPLIANCE_VERSION=
  TA_APPLICATION_VERSION=

  • For versions prior to 3.0:

  • Verify the integrity of the repositories (response should be “OK”) shasum -c netrounds-test-agent_${TA_APPLIANCE_VERSION}all.sha256 shasum -c netrounds-test-agent application${TA_APPLICATION_VERSION}.sha256.sum

  • For version 3.0 and later:

  • Compute checksums for the repositories and verify that they match the

  • SHA256 checksums provided on the download page sha256sum paa-test-agent_${TA_APPLIANCE_VERSION}all.deb sha256sum paa-test-agent-application${TA_APPLICATION_VERSION}.tar.gz

  • Start the installation sudo apt-get install \ netrounds-test-agent_${TA_APPLIANCE_VERSION}_all.deb

    sudo cp netrounds-test-agent-application_${TA_APPLICATION_VERSION}.tar.gz \ /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/netrounds/static/test_agent/

• Since support for Test Agent Lite was dropped in version 2.35, you should remove the old Test Agent Lite packages if you have them installed:
  sudo rm -rf /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/netrounds/static/test_agent /netrounds-test-agent-lite*

NOTE : When you upgrade to 3.x later on, you must begin by running this command: sudo apt-mark unhold python-django python-django-common

Scenario B: Fresh Ubuntu 18.04 Installation

• On the Ubuntu 16.04 instance, take backups of Paragon Active Assurance product data.
  NOTE : This is the backup procedure described in the Operations Guide, chapter “Backing Up Product Data”, only more briefly worded.
  Run these commands:

  • Back up the PostgreSQL database pg_dump –help pg_dump -h localhost -U netrounds netrounds > ncc_postgres.sql

  • (Alternatively, to save in binary format:)

  • pg_dump -h localhost -U netrounds -Fc netrounds > ncc_postgres.binary

  • Back up OpenVPN keys sudo tar -czf ncc_openvpn.tar.gz /var/lib/netrounds/openvpn

  • Note: Be sure to store these in a safe place.

  • Back up RRD files (metrics data)

  • Check the file size before compressing the RRDs. Use of the tar command is not # recommended if the RRDs are larger than 50 GB; see note below.

  • du -hs /var/lib/netrounds/rrd sudo tar -czf ncc_rrd.tar.gz /var/lib/netrounds/rrd

NOTE : The pg_dump command will ask for a password which can be found in /etc/netrounds/netrounds.conf under “postgres database”. The default password is “netrounds”.
NOTE : For a large-scale setup (> 50 GB), making a tarball of the RRD files might take too long, and taking a snapshot of the volume can be a better idea. Possible solutions for doing this include: using a file system that supports snapshots, or taking a snapshot of the virtual volume if the server is running in a virtual environment.

• On the Ubuntu 16.04 instance, take backups of the Control Center configuration files:

  • /etc/apache2/sites-available/netrounds-ssl.conf
  • /etc/apache2/sites-available/netrounds.conf
  • /etc/netrounds/netrounds.conf
  • /etc/netrounds/probe-connect.conf
  • /etc/openvpn/netrounds.conf
    For example:
    sudo cp /etc/apache2/sites-available/netrounds-ssl.conf /etc/apache2/sites- available/netrounds-ssl.conf.old

• On the Ubuntu 16.04 instance, back up the license file.

• The new instance needs to satisfy at least the same hardware requirements as the old one.

• On the new instance, install Ubuntu 18.04. We recommend the following tutorial:

• https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/install-ubuntu-server
  As far as Paragon Active Assurance is concerned, you can keep the defaults throughout. (It may of course happen that you need to make different choices for reasons unrelated to Paragon Active Assurance.)

• Once Ubuntu 18.04 is installed, reboot the system.

• The following disk partitioning is recommended, especially for snapshot backups (but it is up to you as a user to decide):

  • Recommended partitioning for lab setup:
  • /: Whole disk, ext4.
  • Recommended partitioning for production setup:
  • /: 10% of disk space, ext4.
  • /var: 10% of disk space, ext4.
  • /var/lib/netrounds/rrd: 80% of disk space, ext4.
  • No encryption

• Set the time zone to UTC, for example as follows:
  sudo timedatectl set-timezone Etc/UTC

• Set all locales to en_US.UTF-8.

  • One way to do this is to manually edit the file /etc/default/locale. Example:
    LANG=en_US.UTF-8 LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8 LANGUAGE=en_US.UTF-8

  • Make sure the following line is NOT commented out in the /etc/locale.gen:
    en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8

  • Regenerate the locale files to make sure the selected language is available:
    sudo apt-get install locales sudo locale-gen

• Make sure that traffic on the following ports are allowed to and from Control Center:

  • Inbound:
  • TCP port 443 (HTTPS): Web interface
  • TCP port 80 (HTTP): Web interface (used by Speedtest, redirects other URLs to HTTPS)
  • TCP port 830: ConfD (optional)
  • TCP port 6000: Encrypted OpenVPN connection for Test Agent Appliances
  • TCP port 6800: Encrypted WebSocket connection for Test Agent Applications
  • Outbound:
  • TCP port 25 (SMTP): Mail delivery
  • UDP port 162 (SNMP): Sending SNMP traps for alarms
  • UDP port 123 (NTP): Time synchronization

• Install NTP:

  • First disable timedatectl:
    sudo timedatectl set-ntp no

  • Run this command:
    timedatectl
    and verify that

  • systemd-timesyncd.service active: no

  • Now you can run the NTP installation:
    sudo apt-get install ntp

  • Make sure that the configured NTP servers are reachable:
    ntpq -np

  • The output should normally be “all ones” expressed in octal. 1

1 In the output, the “reach” value for the NTP servers is an octal value indicating the outcome of thelast eight NTP transactions. If all eight were successful, the value will be octal 377 (= binary

• Install PostgreSQL and set up a user for Control Center:

  • sudo apt-get update
  • sudo apt-get install postgresql
  • sudo -u postgres psql -c “CREATE ROLE netrounds WITH ENCRYPTED PASSWORD ‘netrounds’ SUPERUSER LOGIN;”
  • sudo -u postgres psql -c “CREATE DATABASE netrounds OWNER netrounds ENCODING ‘UTF8’ TEMPLATE ‘template0’;”
    Using an external PostgreSQL server is not recommended.

• Install and configure an email server.

  • Control Center will send emails to users:

  • when they are invited to an account,

  • when sending email alarms (i.e. if email rather than SNMP is used for this purpose), and

  • when sending periodic reports.

  • Run the command
    sudo apt-get install postfix

  • For a simple setup where postfix can send directly to the destination email server, you can set General type of mail configuration to “Internet Site”, and System mail name can usually be left as-is. Otherwise, postfix needs to be configured according to the environment. For guidance, refer to the official Ubuntu documentation at https://help.ubuntu.com/lts/serverguide/postfix.html.

• Install Control Center on the Ubuntu 18.04 instance.

  • This procedure also installs the Paragon Active Assurance REST API.
  • export CC_VERSION=

  • Compute the checksum for the tar file and verify that it is equal to the SHA256

• 0b11111111). However, when you have just installed NTP, it is likely that fewer than eight NTP transactions have occurred, so that the value will be smaller: one of 1, 3, 7, 17, 37, 77, or 177 if all transactions were successful.

  • checksum provided on the download page sha256sum paa-control-center_${CC_VERSION}.tar.gz

  • Unpack the tarball tar -xzf netrounds-control-center_${CC_VERSION}.tar.gz

  • Make sure packages are up to date sudo apt-get update

  • Start the installation sudo apt-get install ./netrounds-control-center_${CC_VERSION}/*.deb

• Stop all Paragon Active Assurance services:
  sudo systemctl stop “netrounds-*” apache2 openvpn@netrounds

• Restore database backup:
  sudo -u postgres psql –set ON_ERROR_STOP=on netrounds < ncc_postgres.sql

• Before doing the database migration, you need to perform some additional steps. Go to this Knowledge base article, scroll down to the section Actions if the release has been installed, and perform steps 1 through 4 of those instructions.
  NOTE : Do not perform step 5 at this point.

• Run the database migration:
  NOTE : This is a sensitive command, and care should be taken when executing it on a remote machine. In such a scenario it is strongly recommended that you use a program like screen or tmux so that the migrate command will continue running even if the ssh session breaks.

  • sudo ncc migrate

• The ncc migrate command takes considerable time to execute (many minutes). It should print the following (details omitted below

  • Migrating database…

  • Operations to perform:
    <…>

  • Synchronizing apps without migrations:
    <…>

  • Running migrations:
    <…>

  • Creating cache table…
    <…>

  • Syncing test scripts…

  • <Updating script …>

• Transfer the backup data to the 18.04 instance using scp or some other tool.

• Restore the OpenVPN keys:

  • Remove any existing OpenVPN keys sudo rm -rf /var/lib/netrounds/openvpn

  • Unpack the backed-up keys sudo tar -xzf ncc_openvpn.tar.gz -C /

• Restore RRD data:

  • Remove any existing RRDs sudo rm -rf /var/lib/netrounds/rrd

  • Unpack the backed-up RRDs sudo tar -xzf ncc_rrd.tar.gz -C /

• Compare the backed-up configuration files with the newly installed ones, and manually merge the contents of the two sets of files (they should remain in the same locations).

• Activate the product license using the license file taken from the old instance:

  • ncc license activate ncc_license.txt

• Start Paragon Active Assurance services:
  sudo systemctl start –all “netrounds-*” apache2 kafka openvpn@netrounds

• To activate the new configuration, you also need to run:
  sudo systemctl reload apache2

• Install new Test Agent repositories:

  • TA_APPLIANCE_VERSION=

  • TA_APPLICATION_VERSION=

  • For versions prior to 3.0:

  • Verify the integrity of the repositories (response should be “OK”)

    shasum -c netrounds-test-agent_${TA_APPLIANCE_VERSION}all.sha256
    shasum -c netrounds-test-agent- application${TA_APPLICATION_VERSION}.sha256.sum

  • For version 3.0 and later:

  • Compute checksums for the repositories and verify that they match the

  • SHA256 checksums provided on the download page

    sha256sum paa-test-agent_${TA_APPLIANCE_VERSION}all.deb
    sha256sum paa-test-agent-application${TA_APPLICATION_VERSION}.tar.gz

  • Start the installation sudo apt-get install \netrounds-test-agent_${TA_APPLIANCE_VERSION}_all.deb

  • sudo cp netrounds-test-agent-application_${TA_APPLICATION_VERSION}.tar.gz \ /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/netrounds/static/test_agent/

• (Optional) Follow the NETCONF & YANG API Orchestration Guide to install and configure ConfD if you need it.

NOTE : When you upgrade to 3.x later on, you must begin by running this command: sudo apt-mark unhold python-django python-django-common

Troubleshooting

IN THIS SECTION

• Problems Starting ConfD | 15
• Problems Starting callexecuter | 15
• Web Server Does Not Respond | 16
• Restarting of Paragon Active Assurance Services Fails | 17

Problems Starting ConfD
If you have problems starting ConfD after the upgrade, please contact your Juniper partner or your local Juniper account manager or sales representative in order to get a new subscription.

Problems Starting callexecuter
Check the callexecuter logs with the command

• sudo journalctl xeu netrounds-callexecuter

You may see an error like the following:

• Jun 03 09:53:27 myhost django-admin[6290]: ERROR netrounds.manager.callexecuter Unhandled exception in CallExecuter.run [name=netrounds.manager.callexecuter, thread=140364632504128, process=8238, funcName=handle, le
• Jun 03 09:53:27 myhost django-admin[6290]: Traceback (most recent call last):
• Jun 03 09:53:27 myhost django-admin[6290]: File “debian/tmp/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/netrounds/manager/management/commands/runcallexecuter.py”, line 65, in handle
• Jun 03 09:53:27 myhost django-admin[6290]: File “debian/tmp/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/netrounds/manager/calldispatcher.py”, line 164, in run
• Jun 03 09:53:27 myhost django-admin[6290]: File “debian/tmp/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/netrounds/manager/models.py”, line 204, inwait
• Jun 03 09:53:27 myhost django-admin[6290]: File “debian/tmp/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/netrounds/manager/models.py”, line 42, in unicode
• Jun 03 09:53:27 myhost django-admin[6290]: AttributeError: ‘unicode’ object has no attribute ‘iteritems’

What has happened is that the netrounds-callexecuter*.deb package was upgraded without making sure the netrounds-callexecuter systemd service was stopped and disabled. The database is in the wrong state; it needs to be restored from backup, and the upgrade needs to be repeated.
Do the following to disable and stop the netrounds-callexecuter service:

• sudo systemctl disable netrounds-callexecuter
• sudo systemctl stop netrounds-callexecuter

Web Server Does Not Respond
Check the apache logs with the command

• tail -n 50 /var/log/apache2/netrounds_error.log

If you see the following error, it means that Control Center version 2.34 is running on Ubuntu 18.04, that is, Control Center has not been successfully upgraded. The solution is to upgrade Control Center to a later version as described in this document.

• Timestamps, pids, etc. stripped away below

  Target WSGI script ‘/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/netrounds/wsgi.py’ cannot be loaded as Python module.
  Exception occurred processing WSGI script ‘/usr/lib/python2.7/dist- packages/netrounds/wsgi.py’. Traceback (most recent call last):

  • File “/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/netrounds/wsgi.py”, line 6, in application = get_wsgi_application()
  • File “/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/wsgi.py”, line 13, in get_wsgi_application django.setup(set_prefix=False)
  • File “/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/init.py”, line 27, in setup apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
  • File “/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/apps/registry.py”, line 85, in populate app_config = AppConfig.create(entry)
  • File “/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/apps/config.py”, line 94, in create module = import_module(entry)
  • File “/usr/lib/python2.7/importlib/init.py”, line 37, in import_module import(name)
  • File “/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/grappelli/dashboard/init.py”, line 1, in from grappelli.dashboard.dashboards import *
  • File “/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/grappelli/dashboard/dashboards.py”, line 14, in from grappelli.dashboard import modules
  • File “/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/grappelli/dashboard/modules.py”, line 9, in from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
  • File “/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/contrib/contenttypes/models.py”, line 139, in class ContentType(models.Model):
  • File “/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/db/models/base.py”, line 110, in new app_config = apps.get_containing_app_config(module)
  • File “/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/apps/registry.py”, line 247, in get_containing_app_config self.check_apps_ready()
  • File “/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/apps/registry.py”, line 125, in check_apps_ready raise AppRegistryNotReady(“Apps aren’t loaded yet.”) AppRegistryNotReady: Apps aren’t loaded yet.

Restarting of Paragon Active Assurance Services Fails

• Restarting the netrounds-* services with
  • sudo systemctl start –all “netrounds-*” apache2 openvpn@netrounds
• produces the following message:
  • Failed to start netrounds-agent-ws-server.service: Unit netrounds-agent-ws-server.service is masked.
  • Failed to start netrounds-agent-daemon.service: Unit netrounds-agent-daemon.service is masked.
• This means that the services mentioned have been masked in the course of the package removal process and require manual cleanup. The cleanup procedure is shown below
  • sudo apt-get purge netrounds-agent-login
  • sudo find /etc/systemd/system -name “netrounds-agent-*.service” -delete sudo systemctl daemon-reload

Juniper Networks, the Juniper Networks logo, Juniper, and Junos are registered trademarks of Juniper Networks, Inc. in the United States and other countries. All other trademarks, service marks, registered marks, or registered service marks are the property of their respective owners. Juniper Networks assumes no responsibility for any inaccuracies in this document. Juniper Networks reserves the right to change, modify, transfer, or otherwise revise this publication without notice. Copyright © 2024 Juniper Networks, Inc. All rights reserved.

References

• BionicBeaver/ReleaseNotes - Ubuntu Wiki
• help.ubuntu.com/lts/serverguide/postfix.html
• CEC Juniper Community
• Install Ubuntu Server | Ubuntu
• BionicBeaver/ReleaseNotes - Ubuntu Wiki
• Paragon Products Archives | Juniper Networks
• Paragon Products Archives | Juniper Networks

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