DISCOVER ENERGY SYSTEMS 44-48-3000 LiFePO4 Solar Stationary Battery Instruction Manual

DISCOVER ENERGY SYSTEMS 44-48-3000 LiFePO4 Solar Stationary Battery

All installations and service should be performed only by authorized and qualified personnel.

Safety

Warnings, Cautions, Notes and Symbols

WARNING

• Important information regarding possible personal injury.

CAUTION

• Important information regarding possible equipment damage.

NOTE

• Additional information concerning important procedures and features of the battery.

CAUTION

• It is important to operate the device with care to avoid undesirable consequences.
• Do not throw the battery in the garbage. Do not dispose in fire.
• Use personal protective equipment when working with batteries.
• Additional information concerning important procedures and features of the battery.
• Read all the instructions before installation, operation, and maintenance.
• This product must be recycled and is made of recycled products.

CAUTION

• Do not disassemble or modify the battery. If the battery housing is damaged, do not touch exposed contents.

Fire Risk

WARNING

• Risk of fire – No user-serviceable parts inside.
• The AES Battery has a Battery Management System (BMS) with an integrated solid-state relay to reduce the risk of fire.
• The primary suppression for a lithium battery fire is water, and the secondary suppression is CO2 powder and halon.

Electric Shock Risk

• For wet and electrically uninsulated working conditions, electric shock risk is high, and can cause injury and death.

Chemical Risk

WARNING Lithium batteries are a chemical risk if incorrectly operated, mishandled or abused.

Do’s

• Do protect terminals from short circuits before, during, and after installation
• Do wear electrically insulated gloves
• Do use electrically insulated tools
• Do wear eye protection
• Do wear safety toe boots/shoes
• Do handle the battery carefully
• Do secure the battery safely
• Do always assume battery terminals are energized

Do Not’s

• Do not immerse battery in water
• Do not lift or carry the battery during usage or operation
• Do not operate or store battery outside of operating limits
• Do not short circuit battery
• Do not puncture battery
• Do not expose battery to flames, or incinerate
• Do not open battery case or dissemble battery
• Do not wear rings, watches, bracelets or necklaces when handling or working near battery
• Do not drop or crush battery
• Do not lift battery by the terminals or terminal cables
• Do not vibrate battery
• Do not expose battery to water or other fluids
• Do not expose battery to direct sunlight
• Do not dispose of battery
• Do not connect with other types of batteries
• Do not expose battery to high temperatures
• Do not install with other battery types or brands

DC Motor and Inductive Load Connection

• Direct connection to DC motors and other inductive loads, without proper safety protection including motor controllers, and external motor voltage clamping systems (such as high power anti-parallel diodes or braking resistor systems), are subject to high voltage transients that may result in damage to the internal battery pack protection system which may result in unsafe situations. Please consult Discover Energy Systems technical support before directly connecting any motor loads.

Transportation

• If the battery is not installed in the equipment, it must be transported in the original package or equivalent.
• Batteries are tested according to the UN Handbook of Tests and Criteria, part III, sub-section 38.3 (ST/SG/AC. 10/11/Rev.5). For transport the batteries belong to category UN3480, Class 9.

Battery Operating Limits

Maximum Battery Operating Limits

• The battery should not be operated outside the Maximum Operating Limits, the BMS will open its internal relay and disconnect the battery if any of the following limits are exceeded.

1 Effects of AC Ripple must be taken into consideration when sizing and configuring your system.

2 Sustained use above Continuous Current Limits will reduce cycle life.

Current Protections
The programmed over current protections of the BMS follow the curves seen in the next two figures:

NOTE!

• Intentional bypassing of BMS to operate the battery outside maximum and minimum limits voids the warranty.

Recommended Battery Operating Limits for High AC Ripple Applications

• The battery maximum operating limits are specified for DC current and voltage and do not account for AC ripple typically caused by frequency conversion electronics such as inverters/chargers.
• The following operating limits are recommended for these types of systems.

Design Features and Components

Integrated Battery Management System (BMS)

• Monitors
• Cell module voltages
• Battery voltage
• Battery current
• Battery temperature
• Battery state of charge (SOC)
• Module Balancing
• Performs balancing of cell modules
• Protection and Operating Limits
• BMS will open its internal relay when maximum operating limits are exceeded
• When the condition returns to its nominal operating range, most protections will be released and reset after 120

Communication Ports

• Isolated USB and CAN communication

Data Logging

• Logged data is accessed using AES Dashboard software via the USB port (Win64 supported)

Internal Battery Fuse

• The internal battery fuse provides back-up over-current protection. External fusing should be sized correctly to protect the circuit and circuit cabling.
• A blown fuse requires replacement by a qualified installer – contact your Discover installer.

Protections

• The BMS will open the internal relay to protect against operation outside of maximum specifications. During protection, the key LED will flash at 1 Hz.
• Most protections will be automatically recovered once the condition is cleared with the exception of the low voltage protection.

Over Voltage

| Yes| Protection is triggered when any cell module voltage exceeds the threshold value for 5 seconds. After the voltage falls below the trigger for 120 seconds the protection is cleared.
Under Voltage| No| Protection is triggered when any cell module voltage falls below the threshold value for 5 seconds. The battery will turn itself off after 120.
High Current| Yes| Protection is triggered when the current exceeds the threshold value. The protection will be cleared after 120 seconds.
high temperature| Yes| Protection is triggered when the battery temperature exceeds the threshold value for 5 seconds. After the temperature falls below the recovery temperature the protection is cleared.
LowTemperature| Yes| Protection is triggered when the battery temperature falls below the threshold value for 5 seconds. After the temperature rises above the recovery temperature the protection is cleared.

Handling

• WARNING! Read the Safety Section before handling the battery.
• Battery should be set to OFF
• Battery cables should be disconnected
• Battery terminals should be protected
• The battery handle should be used to lift the battery
• Battery should be handled by two people or mechanical lift equipment
• Do not lift or carry the battery during usage or operation
• Do not lift the battery with the battery cables

Installation

• Read Safety Section before installing the battery.
• Do not install AES LiFePO4 batteries in series. Select the appropriate AES battery model for the voltage of your system.

Tools

• Insulated tools must be used
• Voltmeter
• Post cleaner and wire brush
• Personal protective equipment

Battery Location

• Locate the batteries close to the power conversion device in order to minimize the length of the battery cables. Care should be taken to ensure adequate clearance above the batteries is maintained for access to both battery and power conversion device connections and disconnects. A
• Discover AES Wall-Mount Bracket (p/n 950-0023) is available for use with AES Battery model 44-48-3000.
• Protection from exposure to water, including water sprayed from nozzles, should be ensured.
• AES Battery performance and service life will be optimized when they are operated at an ambient temperature of 15°C to 25°C (59°F to 77°F). Care should be taken to ensure that the battery’s temperature is > 0°C (32°F) during charging.

Securing Battery

• The battery can be strapped in place with non-conductive nylon straps
• The battery has hold-down brackets at the base of the battery

Installation

• Battery cables must be sized to the specifications required by the inverter charger and must be installed in accordance with the standards set by the authority having local jurisdiction. Do not use or install a battery temperature sensor.
• Confirm that the battery is set to OFF
• If the battery circuit has a disconnect – open the disconnect to isolate the battery
• Cable connection points should always be kept clean
• Broken, frayed, brittle, kinked, or cut cables should never be used
• Secure the new battery – be careful not to ground the terminals to any metal mounting, fixture, or body part
• Connect battery cables – connect the ground cable last to avoid sparking
• Terminals are button-type, M8 female – recommended torque is 9.0 Nm (6.64 ft-lb)
• Inspect the battery cables to ensure they have not been installed in reverse polarity
• If the battery circuit has a disconnect – close the disconnect to reconnect the battery
• Set the battery to ON

NOTE!

• All cable ends must be connected to battery terminals without any washers between terminal bushings and cable ends.

Terminal burnout is caused by:

• Discharge currents exceeding allowable limits
• Improper cable installation
• Improper cable sizing
• Improper terminal torque

NOTE!

• Without exception, products experiencing terminal burnout will not be warranted.

Parallel Battery Wiring

• To ensure proper balancing and load sharing between parallel batteries refer to the wiring diagram below. Lithium batteries
  are very sensitive to voltage and undersized battery cables will impede battery and system performance. The thickness (cross-section) of the cable used should exceed the recommended minimum for the inverter charger installation whenever possible.

• Five or more batteries in parallel should be installed using a bus-bar configuration. In a bus-bar configuration, all battery cable sets should be the same length regardless of the battery’s proximity to the bus-bar (or combiner box). Actual wiring requirements may vary. Consult with the authority having local jurisdiction.

Commissioning Parallel Systems

• When commissioning a system with parallel batteries ensure that all batteries are set to ON before the power electronics are energized.

Networking

AEBus Network

• The AEBus is utilized by all networked AES batteries to coordinate all voltage, temperature, and current data. Network Terminators are required for proper functioning of the AEBus network. Care should be taken to ensure they are installed.

Configuration with Power Conversion and Monitoring Devices

• AES batteries must be set up to work with the Power Conversion devices in either an Open-loop or Closed-loop configuration. The charge and discharge settings in an Open Loop configuration are set up through the controller for the Power Conversion device at the time of installation. In a
• Closed Loop configuration, charge and discharge settings are dynamically controlled by the BMS of the AES Battery over a connection with the Power Conversion device network. Closed Loop communication with a Power Conversion device network requires the use of a LYNK Gateway Communication device (p/n 950-0015) available from Discover Energy Systems.
• For Closed Loop and Open Loop configuration details please refer to the appropriate Application Note for your Power Conversion device available from the discoverlithium.com website, or contact your Discover Energy Systems provider for assistance.

Operation

CAUTION!

• Review operating limits.

On–Off / Reset

• To set the battery to ON momentarily press the button – the LED will illuminate
• To set the battery to OFF momentarily press the button – the LED will darken

Charging

• Before charging the battery make sure to read and understand the instructions that come with the Power Conversion device.
• Never attempt to charge a battery without first reviewing and understanding the instructions for the Power Conversion device being used. Do not use or install a battery temperature sensor.
• Always make sure the charge curve parameters of the charging device are set to meet the charging requirements of the battery; never charge a visibly damaged battery; never charge a frozen battery.

1. Connect the Power Conversion device’s charger leads to the battery.
2. Ensure the charger and battery side connections are tight.
3. Set the charger to ON
4. Set the battery to ON

NOT ALL CHARGERS ARE CAPABLE OF CHARGING LITHIUM BATTERIES CONFIRM that your chosen charger is incapable of producing transient spikes that exceed the published terminal voltage limits for the battery.

• Spikes are fast, short-duration electrical transients in voltage (voltage spikes), current (current spikes), or transferred energy (energy spikes) in an electrical circuit. Voltage spikes usually happen when the AC/DC adapter is plugged in, or the charge current is cut off quickly. Multi-voltage chargers are constructed using transformers that may be capable of producing spikes that exceed the maximum ratings of the

Discover AES Battery. You must ensure that the charger being supplied:

• Meets the recommended charge curve
• Incapable of exceeding Discover’s maximum terminal voltages

Open Loop Charge Curve

1. Charge at constant current to 3.4 V per cell module (Bulk).
2. Maintain constant voltage 3.4 V per cell module (Absorption).
3. Terminate when charge current drops below 2A.
4. Optional Float at 3.35V per cell module (Float).

CAUTION!

Do not charge at a voltage higher than 3.4 V per cell module.

NOTE!

Recommended charging current is 0.5C

Model

| Cell Modules in Series| ****

I1

| ****

U1

| Termination Charge Current| ****

U2

---|---|---|---|---|---
44-48-3000| 16 S| 57 Adc maximum| 54.4 V| I2 ≤ 2 A| 53.6 V

Discharging

• Set the battery to ON
• Set the load to ON
• The recommended low voltage cut-off is 48 V

NOTE!

• Do not discharge the battery below the recommended minimum operating voltage.
• Do not discharge the battery at a rate greater than the recommended operating current.

Storage

• Batteries should be turned OFF and stored out of direct sunlight in compliance with the following temperature conditions:

Batteries should never be stored at 100% SOC. Store batteries at approximately 80% SOC and check them monthly to ensure that their SOC does not fall below 20%. At 20% SOC, the battery will self discharge in approximately 2 months.

CAUTION!

• Do not store a discharged battery. Recharge battery after every use. Batteries that have self-discharged to a severely discharge state are not recoverable.

Service & Maintenance

Warranty Registration

• To register your product you will need the serial number of the battery. Visit discoverlithium.com for registration details.

Inspection

• Batteries should be carefully inspected on a regular basis in order to detect and correct potential problems before they do harm. This routine should be started when the batteries are first received.
• Inspect for cracks in the battery casing
• Check battery terminals and connections to make sure they are clean, free of dirt, fluids and corrosion
• All battery cables and their connections should be tight, intact, and NOT broken or frayed
• Replace any damaged batteries
• Replace any damaged cables
• Ensure correct torque is used for the terminal bolts

Battery Firmware

• Consult the discoverlithium.com website for the latest battery firmware versions. If a battery firmware update is require, ensure this is done by a qualified and authorized person using the AES Dashboard software tool.

Troubleshooting

• If you have not already, read the manual. Most troubleshooting needs arise from misuse, or a failure to understand installation and operating instructions.
• As soon as possible, record the condition of the system at the time the problem occurred so you can provide details to help aid in troubleshooting.
• Download the separate data log from each battery using the AES Dashboard software tool and have the file(s) ready to share with technical support.

Check the Fuse

• Check the fuse. If the fuse is blown (open) it requires replacement.

Review Voltage

• Was the battery stored or left for a long period of time at low voltage? The battery may be self discharged and damaged beyond repair.
• Was the battery charged above BMS protection voltage? The BMS will have likely disconnected the battery. The battery needs to be left to rest until the high voltage has dissipated. The battery will operate again when the BMS detects that voltage is within safe operating parameters for at least 120s. Note that the charging device’s voltage needs to be reduced in order not to repeat this fault.
  Was the battery discharged below low voltage cut-Off? The BMS has likely disconnected battery. The BMS will not reconnect the battery after a low voltage disconnection. Disconnect all loads, set the battery to ON and then charge the battery.

Review Temperature

• Was the battery operated above BMS protection temperature? The BMS will have likely disconnected the battery. The battery needs to be moved to a cooler environment and left to rest until the high internal temperature has dissipated. The battery will operate again when the BMS detects that internal temperature is within safe operating parameters for at least 120s.
• Was the battery operated at high current in a moderate to high temperature? The BMS will have likely disconnected the battery. High current operation can increase the internal battery temperature above ambient temperature.
• Was the battery operated below BMS protection temperature? The battery needs to be moved to a warmer environment and left to rest until the low internal temperature increases. The battery will operate again when the BMS detects that internal temperature is within safe operating parameters for at least 120s.

Review Current

• Did the BMS protect against overcurrent when an inverter was turned ON? A large capacitor bank in the inverter likely tried to draw amps in excess of the battery’s peak power rating and the BMS has disconnected the battery. Increasing the number of batteries in the battery bank will help support a high peak amp draw, or surge current.
• Did the BMS protect against overcurrent when a motor was turned ON? The initial surge current required to start the motor is likely in excess of the battery’s peak power rating and the BMS has disconnected the battery. Increasing the number of batteries in the battery bank will help support a high peak amp draw, or surge current.
• Is the battery bank undersized as compared to the peak surge requirements of the system? Increasing the number of batteries in the battery bank will help support a high peak amp draw, or surge current.

Reverse Polarity

• Was the battery exposed to reverse polarity? If the battery cables were attached in reverse polarity the BMS will likely be damaged beyond repair and will require replacement. Contact your dealer and have a qualified and authorized person replace the BMS.

Symptom Analysis

Low or zero volts across the terminals when the battery is set to ON.| The battery may be fully discharged| Charge the battery
---|---|---
The battery’s internal fuse may have blown (open)| Have the battery’s internal fuse replaced
The BMS may have engaged low-voltage protection| 1)  Remove all loads from the battery

2)  Set the battery to ON (toggle OFF and then ON)

3)  Charge the battery

Voltage drops abruptly while in use after appearing to be constant| The battery may be fully discharged| Charge the battery
The BMS may have engaged over current protection**| Reduce the current draw on the battery
The BMS may have engaged in temperature protection| Reduce the internal battery temperature by reducing ambient temperature and/or reducing the high current draw on the battery
The BMS may have engaged under temperature protection| Increase the internal battery temperature by increasing the ambient temperature
The battery’s internal fuse may have blown (open)| 1)  Have the battery’s internal fuse replaced

2)  Reduce load in-rush currents

3)  Increase battery bank Ah capacity (parallel operation)

Charge current suddenly drops to zero while connected to a charger| The charge current may be too high, and the BMS has engaged over current protection| Reduce the charge current
The temperature of the battery cells is below 0°C (32°F), and the BMS has engaged low-temperature protection| Increase the internal battery temperature by increasing the ambient temperature
The battery cell temperature may be over the operating limit, and the BMS has engaged high battery temperature protection| Reduce the internal battery temperature by reducing ambient temperature and/or reducing the high current draw on the battery
The battery cells may be out of balance| Apply a float charge for 48 hours to balance the battery cells
The battery does not deliver the expected Ah (capacity)| The battery cells may be out of balance| Apply a float charge for 48 hours to balance the battery cells
The battery may have reached the end of its useful service life| Replace the battery
The battery may have overheated due to high ambient temperatures and/or high current| Reduce the internal battery temperature by reducing ambient temperature and/or reducing the high current draw on the battery

• Over-current protection for extremely high current inrush (inverter startup, motor startup) can be engaged in under 1 ms. A digital ammeter will likely not be fast enough to measure this type of current.

Recycling and Disposal

• Batteries must not be mixed with domestic or industrial waste. Discover AES batteries are recyclable and must be processed through a recognized recycling agency or dealer. Please contact Discover or your servicing dealer for details.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Electrical Specifications

Nominal Voltage| 51.2 V
Charge Voltage| 54.4 V
Maximum Voltage| 58.4 V
Minimum Voltage| 44.8 V
Nominal Capacity| 57 Ah
Nominal Energy| 2918 Wh
Max Charge Current| 57 Adc
20-Minute Discharge Current| 114 Adc
Fuse| 125 A Internal Fuse. Provides backup over-current protection
Cell Chemistry| LiFePO4
Cell Modules| 16S 15P
Self-Discharge 25°C / 77°F| < 3% per month (battery off @50% SOC)
Electrical Specifications

Nominal Voltage| 51.2 V
Charge Voltage| 54.4 V
Maximum Voltage| 58.4 V
Minimum Voltage| 44.8 V
Nominal Capacity| 57 Ah
Nominal Energy| 2918 Wh
Max Charge Current| 57 Adc
20-Minute Discharge Current| 114 Adc
Fuse| 125 A Internal Fuse. Provides backup over-current protection
Cell Chemistry| LiFePO4
Cell Modules| 16S 15P
Self-Discharge 25°C / 77°F| < 3% per month (battery off @50% SOC)
Mechanical Specifications

Battery Model| 900-0041
Battery Dimensions (HxWxD)| 256 x 339 x 330 mm
Battery Weight| 40 kg
Shipping Dimensions (HxWxD)| 470 x 430 x 390 mm
Shipping Weight| 45 kg
Terminal| M8
Terminal Hardware| M8 Stainless Steel Bolt, Flat Washer, Lock Washer (Supplied)
Terminal Torque| 9.0 Nm +/- 3
Case Material| Powder Coated Cold Rolled Steel
Enclosure IP Rating| IP 55
Charge Temperature Range| 0°C/45°C (32°F/113°F)
DischargeTemperature Range| -20°C/50°C (-4°F/122°F)
Storage Temperature Range| -10°C/30°C (14°F/86°F)
Operational Specifications

Battery Management System (BMS) Field Replaceable| Integrated, with Solid State Relay (SSR)
Cell Balancing| Passive balancing when Cell Voltage > 3.35 V
Non-Volatile Memory| Yes
Lifetime Logged Data| • Time

•  High/low average cell module voltage

•  Balancing, Protection, and Relay State

•  Battery SOC, Current, Voltage, Temperature

•  Charge Energy In/Out

Communication Ports| •   Isolated USB

•   Isolated CAN (AEBus)

Communication Connectors| USB Type Mini-B Female RJ45 Jack x2

Regulatory Approvals

 | UN 38.3

IEC 62619

UL 1973

• + 1.778.776.3288
• info@discoverlithium.com
• 7 -13511 Crestwood Place, Richmond, BC, V6V 2E9, Canada discoverlithium.com

Documents / Resources

| DISCOVER ENERGY SYSTEMS 44-48-3000 LiFePO4 Solar Stationary Battery [pdf] Instruction Manual
44-48-3000, 44-48-3000 LiFePO4 Solar Stationary Battery, LiFePO4 Solar Stationary Battery, Solar Stationary Battery, Stationary Battery, Battery
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References

• Lithium LiFePO4 Battery Manufacturers/Suppliers | Discover Energy Systems

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