Cactus Technologies 245S Industrial pSLC CFast Card Instruction Manual

Cactus Technologies 245S Industrial pSLC CFast Card Instruction Manual

Introduction to Cactus Technologies® Industrial pSLC -245S Series CFast

Products

Features

• Solid state design with no moving parts
• Industry standard CFast Type I form factor
• Capacities from 4GB to 64GB
• Compliant with Serial ATA 3.1 specifications
• ATA-8 compatible and CFast 2.0 compliant
• Supports Serial ATA Generation I/II/III transfer rate of 1.5/3.0/6.0 Gbps
• Support ATA SMART Feature Set
• Support ATA Security Feature Set
• Supports TRIM commands
• Supports NCQ, max. queue depth of 32
• True Psuedo-SLC Mode
• Write Protect option available
• ECC capable of correcting up to 66 bit errors per 1KB
• Enhanced error correction, < 1 error in 1014 bits read
• SATA partial and slumber modes supported
• Voltage support: 3.3V±5%

Cactus Technologies® CFast card is a high capacity solid-state flash memory product that complies with the Serial ATA 3.1 standard and is functionally compatible with a SATA hard disk drive. Cactus Technologies® CFast cards provide up to 64GB of formatted storage capacity.

Cactus Technologies® CFast product uses high quality industrial grade MLC NAND flash memory from Kioxia Corporation, operating in true Psuedo-SLC mode (i.e. not Fast-page mode), with enhanced endurance and performance over standard MLC NAND. In addition, it includes an on-drive intelligent controller that manages interface protocols, data storage and retrieval as well as ECC, defect handling and diagnostics, power management, and clock control. The controller’s firmware is upgradeable, thus allowing feature enhancements and firmware updates while keeping the BOM stable.

Supported Standards

Cactus Technologies® CFast card is fully compatible with the following specification:

• ATA 8 Specification published by ANSI
• Serial ATA 3.1 Specification published by the Serial ATA International Organization
• CFast 2.0 Specification published by CFA

Product Features

Cactus Technologies® Industrial pSLC CFast card contains a high level, intelligent controller. This intelligent controller provides many capabilities including the following:

• Standard ATA register and command set (same as found on most magnetic disk drives).
• Manages details of erasing and programming flash memory independent of the host system
• Sophisticated defect managing capabilities (similar to magnetic disk drives).
• Sophisticated system for error recovery using powerful error correction code (ECC).
• Intelligent power management for low power operation.

Host and Technology Independence

Cactus Technologies® Industrial pSLC CFast card appears as a standard SATA disk drive to the host system. The drive utilizes a 512-byte sector which is the same as that in an IDE magnetic disk drive. To write or read a sector (or multiple sectors), the host computer software simply issues an ATA Read or Write command to the drive as per the SATA protocol. The host software then waits for the command to complete. The host system does not get involved in the details of how the flash memory is erased, programmed or read as this is all managed by the built-in controller in the drive. Also, with the intelligent on-board controller, the host system software will not require changing as new flash memory evolves. Thus, systems that support the Cactus Technologies® Industrial pSLC CFast products today will continue to work with future Cactus Technologies® Industrial pSLC CFast cards built with new flash technology without having to update or change host software.

Defect and Error Management

Cactus Technologies® Industrial pSLC CFast card contains a sophisticated defect and error management system similar to those found in magnetic disk drives. The defect management is completely transparent to the host and does not consume any user data space. The soft error rate for Cactus Technologies® Industrial pSLC CFast card is much lower than that of magnetic disk drives. In the extremely rare case where a read error does occur, the drive has sophisticated ECC to recover the data.

These defect and error management systems, coupled with the solid-state construction, give Cactus Technologies® Industrial pSLC CFast cards unparalleled reliability.

Power Supply Requirements

Cactus Technologies® Industrial pSLC CFast card operates at a voltage range of 3.3 volts ± 5%.

Product Specifications

For all the following specifications, values are defined at ambient temperature and nominal supply voltage unless otherwise stated.

System Environmental Specifications

Environmental Specifications

| | Cactus Technologies ® Industrial pSLC CFast
---|---|---
Temperature| Operating:| 0° C to +70° C (Standard)-40° C to 85° C (Extended)
Humidity| Operating & Non-Operating:| 8% to 95%, non-condensing
Vibration| Operating & Non-Operating:| 20G, MIL-STD-883G Method2005.2, Condition A
Shock| Operating & Non-Operating:| 3,000 G, MIL-STD-883GMethod 2002.4, Condition C
Altitude (relative to sea level)| Operating & Non-Operating:| 100,000 feet maximum

Note: Extended temperature parts are temperature screened only, long term reliability could be compromised if the parts are used at extended temperatures for long periods of time.

System Power Requirements

Power Requirements

| | Cactus Technologies ® Industrial pSLC CFast
---|---|---
DC Input Voltage (VCC) 100 mV max. ripple (p-p)| | 3.3V ±5%
(Maximum Average Value) See Notes.| Idle: Reading: Writing:| 90 mA410 mA480 mA

NOTES: All values quoted are typical at ambient temperature and nominal supply voltage unless otherwise stated.

Sleep mode is specified under the condition that all drive inputs are static CMOS levels and in a “Not Busy“ operating state.

System Performance

All performance timings assume the drive controller is in the default (i.e., fastest) mode.

Table 2-3. Performance

Read Transfer Rate| 4GB8GB16GB32GB64GB| Up to 150MBytes/sec Up to 300MBytes/sec Up to 300MBytes/sec Up to 350MBytes/sec Up to 350MBytes/sec
---|---|---
Write Transfer Rate| 4GB| Up to 70 Mbytes/sec
| 8GB| Up to 140 Mbytes/sec
| 16GB| Up to 110 Mbytes/sec
| 32GB| Up to 220 Mbytes/sec
| 64GB| Up to 310MBytes/sec

System Reliability

Table 2-4. Reliability

Note: estimated TBW assumes a workload of large block, sequential writes; endurance can be significantly reduced if the workload consists of mostly random, small block write.

Physical Specifications

The following sections provide the physical specifications for Cactus Technologies® Industrial pSLC CFast products.

CFast Card Physical Specifications

Dimensions

Figure 2-1. Type I CFast Card Dimensions

Figure 2-2. Type I CFast Card with Write Protect Switch Dimensions 

Capacities

Cactus Technologies® Industrial pSLC CFast cards are available in the following capacities:

Interface Description

The following sections provide detailed information on the Cactus Technologies® Industrial pSLC CFast card interface.

CFast Pin Assignments and Pin Type

Cactus Technologies® CFast signal pinout conforms to CFA specifications. The signal/pin assignments and descriptions are listed in Table 3-5.

Table 3-5. CFast Pin Assignments and Pin Type

1. These signals are provided for backwards compatibility with CFast v1.1; these signals may be used for
   different purposes in the future.

2. IFDet shall be connected to GND on CFast v2.0 compliant devices.

3. DEVSLP feature not supported; leave PC3 pin as No Connect.

Electrical Specifications

The following table defines all D.C. Characteristics for the CFast products. Unless otherwise stated, conditions are:
Vcc = 3.3V ± 5%
Ta = -40°C to 85°C

Absolute Maximum Ratings

DC Characteristics

AC Characteristics

Cactus Technologies® CFast products conforms to all AC timing requirements as specified in the CFA specifications. Please refer to that document for details of AC timing for all operation modes of the device.

ATA Drive Register Set Definition and Protocol

The communication to or from the CFast card is done using FIS. Legacy ATA protocol is supported by using the legacy mode defined in the SATA specifications. In this mode, the FIS has defined fields which provide all the necessary ATA task file registers for control and status information. The Serial ATA interface does not support Primary/Secondary or Master/Slave configurations. Each SATA channel supports only one SATA device, with the register selection as defined by the ATA standard.

ATA Task File Definitions

The following sections describes the usage of the ATA task file registers. Note that the Alternate Status Register of legacy ATA is not defined for SATA drives.

Data Register

The Data Register is a 16-bit register, and it is used to transfer data blocks between the SSD data buffer and the Host.

Error Register

This register contains additional information about the source of an error when an error is indicated in bit 0 of the Status register. The bits are defined as follows:

Bit 7 (BBK) This bit is set when a Bad Block is detected.
Bit 6 (UNC) This bit is set when an Uncorrectable Error is encountered.
Bit 5 This bit is 0.
Bit 4 (IDNF) The requested sector ID is in error or cannot be found.
Bit 3 This bit is 0.
Bit 2 (Abort) This bit is set if the command has been aborted because of a status condition: (Not
Ready, Write Fault, etc.) or when an invalid command has been issued.
Bit 1 This bit is 0.
Bit 0 (AMNF) This bit is set in case of a general error.

Feature Register

This register provides information regarding features of the SSD that the host can utilize.

Sector Count Register

This register contains the number of sectors of data requested to be transferred on a read or write operation between the host and the SSD. If the value in this register is zero, a count of 256 sectors is specified. If the command was successful, this register is zero at command completion. If not successfully completed, the register contains the number of sectors that need to be transferred in order to complete the request.

Sector Number (LBA 7-0) Register

This register contains the starting sector number or bits 7-0 of the Logical Block Address (LBA) for any SSD data access for the subsequent command.

Cylinder Low (LBA 15-8) Register

This register contains the low order 8 bits of the starting cylinder address or bits 15-8 of the Logical Block Address.

Cylinder High (LBA 23-16) Register

This register contains the high order bits of the starting cylinder address or bits 23-16 of the Logical Block Address.

Drive/Head (LBA 27-24) Register

The Drive/Head register is used to select the drive and head. It is also used to select LBA addressing instead of cylinder/head/sector addressing. The bits are defined as follows:

Bit 7 This bit is set to 1.
Bit 6 LBA is a flag to select either Cylinder/Head/Sector (CHS) or Logical Block Address Mode (LBA).
When LBA=0, Cylinder/Head/Sector mode is selected. When LBA=1, Logical Block Address is
selected. In Logical Block Mode, the Logical Block Address is interpreted as follows:
LBA07- LBA00: Sector Number Register D7-D0.
LBA15- LBA08: Cylinder Low Register D7-D0.
LBA23- LBA16: Cylinder High Register D7-D0.
LBA27- LBA24: Drive/Head Register bits HS3-HS0.
Bit 5 This bit is set to 1.
Bit 4 (DRV) DRV is the drive number. This should always be set to 0.
Bit 3 (HS3) When operating in the Cylinder, Head, Sector mode, this is bit 3 of the head number. It
is Bit 27 in the Logical Block Address mode.
Bit 2 (HS2) When operating in the Cylinder, Head, Sector mode, this is bit 2 of the head number. It
is Bit 26 in the Logical Block Address mode.
Bit 1 (HS1) When operating in the Cylinder, Head, Sector mode, this is bit 1 of the head number. It
is Bit 25 in the Logical Block Address mode.
Bit 0 (HS0) When operating in the Cylinder, Head, Sector mode, this is bit 0 of the head number. It
is Bit 24 in the Logical Block Address mode.

Status Registers

These registers return the status when read by the host. Reading the Status register does clear a pending interrupt while reading the Auxiliary Status register does not. The meaning of the status bits are described as follows:

Bit 7 (BUSY) The busy bit is set when the device has access to the command buffer and registers and the host is locked out from accessing the command register and buffer. No other bits in this register are valid when this bit is set to a 1.
Bit 6 (RDY) RDY indicates whether the device is capable of performing operations requested by the host. This bit is cleared at power up and remains cleared until the device is ready to accept a command.
Bit 5 (DWF) This bit, if set, indicates a write fault has occurred.
Bit 4 (DSC) This bit is set when the device is ready.
Bit 3 (DRQ) The Data Request is set when the device requires that information be transferred
either to or from the host through the Data register.
Bit 2 (CORR) This bit is set when a Correctable data error has been encountered and the data has
been corrected. This condition does not terminate a multi-sector read operation.
Bit 1 (IDX) This bit is always set to 0.
Bit 0 (ERR) This bit is set when the previous command has ended in some type of error. The bits in
the Error register contain additional information describing the error.

Device Control Register

This register is used to control the drive interrupt request and to issue an ATA soft reset to the drive. The bits are defined as follows:

Bit 7 This bit is used in 48-bit addressing mode. When cleared, the host can read the most recently written values of the Sector Count,Drive/Head and LBA registers. When set, the host will read the previous written values of these registers. A write to any Command block register will clear this bit.
Bit 6 This bit is an X (Do not care).
Bit 5 This bit is an X (Do not care).
Bit 4 This bit is an X (Do not care).
Bit 3 This bit is ignored by the drive.
Bit 2 (SW Rst)This bit is set to 1 in order to force the drive to perform an AT Disk controller Soft
Reset operation. The drive remains in Reset until this bit is reset to ‘0’.
Bit 1 (-IEn) The Interrupt Enable bit enables interrupts when the bit is 0. When the bit is 1, interrupts from the drive are disabled. This bit is set to 0 at power on and Reset.
Bit 0 This bit is ignored by the drive.

Drive Address Register

This register is provided for compatibility with the AT disk drive interface. It is recommended that this register not be mapped into the host’s I/O space because of potential conflicts on Bit 7. The bits are defined as follows:

Bit 7 This bit is unknown.
Implementation Note:
Conflicts may occur on the host data bus when this bit is provided by a Floppy Disk Controller operating at the same addresses as the SSD. Following are some possible solutions to  this problem:

1. Locate the SSD at a non-conflicting address (i.e., Secondary address (377) when a Floppy Disk Controller is located at the Primary addresses).
2. Do not install a Floppy and a SSD in the system at the same time.
3. Implement a socket adapter that can be programmed to (conditionally) tri-state D7 of I/0 address 3F7/377 when a SSD product is installed and conversely to tri-state D6-D0 of I/O address 3F7/377 when a floppy controller is installed.
4. Do not use the SSD’s Drive Address register. This may be accomplished by either a) If possible, program the host adapter to enable only I/O addresses 1F0-1F7, 3F6 (or 170- 177, 176) to the SSD or b) if provided use an additional Primary/Secondary configuration in the SSD that does not respond to accesses to I/O locations 3F7 and 377. With either of these implementations, the host software must not attempt to use information in the Drive Address Register.

Bit 6 (-WTG) This bit is 0 when a write operation is in progress, otherwise, it is 1.
Bit 5 (-HS3) This bit is the negation of bit 3 in the Drive/Head register.
Bit 4 (-HS2) This bit is the negation of bit 2 in the Drive/Head register.
Bit 3 (-HS1) This bit is the negation of bit 1 in the Drive/Head register.
Bit 2 (-HS0) This bit is the negation of bit 0 in the Drive/Head register.
Bit 1 (-nDS1) This bit is 0 when drive 1 is active and selected.
Bit 0 (-nDS0) This bit is 0 when the drive 0 is active and selected.

ATA Command Description

This section defines the ATA command set supported by the Cactus Technologies® CFast card.

ATA Command Set

Table 5-6 summarizes the supported ATA command set .

Table 5-6. ATA Command Set

Identify Drive—ECH

The Identify Drive command enables the host to receive parameter information from the drive. This command has the same protocol as the Read Sector(s) command. The parameter words in the buffer have the arrangement and meanings defined in Table 5-7. All reserved bits or words are zero. Table 5-7 is the definition for each field in the Identify Drive Information.

Table 5-7. Identify Drive Information

capacity dependent.
9| 0000H| Reserved.
10-19| aaaa| Serial number in ASCII (Right Justified).
20| 0002H| Buffer type (dual ported multi-sector)
21| 0002H| Buffer size in 512 bytes increments
22| 0000H| # of ECC bytes passed in R/W Long commands
23-26| aaaa| Firmware revision in ASCII . Big Endian Byte Order in Word.
Word Address| Default Value| Data Field Type Information
---|---|---
27-46| aaaa| Model number in ASCII (Left Justified) Big Endian Byte Order in Word.
47| 8001H| Maximum number of sectors on Read/Write Multiple command: 1
48| 0000H| Double Word not supported.
49| 0F00H| Capabilities: DMA, LBA, IORDY supported
50| 4000H| Capabilities: device specific standby timer minimum
51| 0200H| PIO data transfer cycle timing mode 2
52| 0000H| Single Word DMA data transfer cycle timing mode (not supported).
53| 0007H| Data fields 54-58,64-70 and 88 are valid.
54| XXXX| Current numbers of cylinders.
55| XXXX| Current numbers of heads.
56| XXXX| Current sectors per track.
57-58| XXXX| Current capacity in sectors (LBAs) (Word 57 = LSW, Word 58 = MSW).
59| 0100H| Multiple sector setting is valid; low byte is capacity dependent.
60-61| XXXX| Total number of sectors addressable in LBA Mode.
62| 0000H| Single Word DMA transfer not implemented
63| 0207H| Multiword DMA modes 0-2 are supported; upper byte reflects currently selected MWDMA mode.
64| 0003H| Advanced PIO modes supported (modes 3 and 4)
65| 0078H| Minimum MWDMA cycle time per word is 120ns.
66| 0078H| Recommended MWDMA cycle time is 120ns.
67| 0078H| Minimum PIO cycle time without IORDY flow control is 120ns.
68| 0078H| Minimum PIO cycle time with IORDY flow control is 120ns.
69| 4000H| CFast specification supported
70-74| 0000H| Reserved
75| 001FH| Queue depth of 32 for NCQ
76| 070EH| Supports Gen 1, Gen2 signaling rates, host initiated power management requests
77| 0080H| Supports DEVSLP
78| 0148H| Device supports initiating interface power management
79| 0040H| Reserved
80| 03F0H| Major version number
81| 0000H| No minor revision reported.
**** 82| 742BH| Command set: NOP, READ BUFFER, WRITE BUFFER,HPA, volatile write cache, power management feature set, Security Mode feature set, SMART feature set
** 83| 7500H| 48-bit mode supported; Flush Cache/Flush Cache Ext, LAB48, microcode download supported.
84| 4023H| World wide name, general purpose logging supported
85| 74XXH| Feature status
86| B401H| Feature status
87| 4120H| Feature status
88| XX7FH| UDMA Modes 0-6 supported.
89| 0003H| Time for Security Erase Unit
90| 0001H| Time for Enhanced Security Erase Unit not specified.
91| 0000H| Reserved
92| XXXXH| Master password revision code
93-99| 0000H| Reserved
100-103| XXXXH| Maximum user LBA for 48-bit addressing mode.
104| 0000H| Reserved
105| 0100H| Max. number of 512byte blocks per TRIM command
106-127| 0000H| Reserved
128| 0XXXH| Security status
129-159| XXXXH| Vendor specific
160| 0000H| CFA Power mode
161| 0000H| CFast specific support
162| 0000H| CPRM not supported
163| 0000H| CFA Advanced modes: not relevant for CFast
Word Address| Default Value| Data Field Type Information**
---|---|---
164-168| 0000H| Reserved
169| 0001H| Data Set Management supported
170-216| 0000H| Reserved
217| 0001H| Solid State Device
218-221| 0000H| Reserved
222| 107FH| Transport major revision
223-254| 0000H| Reserved
255| XXXXH| checksum

S.M.A.R.T. Feature Set

Cactus Technologies® -245 Series Cfast card supports S.M.A.R.T. attribute reporting. This following subcommands are supported when programmed into the Feature Register:

S.M.A.R.T Data Structure

The Read Data commands returns 512 bytes of data in the following structure:

activitiies
366| Vendor specific
367| Off-line data collection capabilities
368-369| SMART capabilities
370| Error logging capabilities: bit[7:1] – reserved; bit[0]: 1=device error logging supported
371| Vendor specific
372| Short self-test routine recommended polling time (in minutes)
373| Extended self-test routine recommended polling time (in minutes)
Byte| Description
---|---
374| Conveyance self-test routine recommended polling time (in minutes)
375-385| Reserved
386-395| Firmware Version/Date Code
396-397| Reserved
398-399| Reserved
400-405| ‘SMI2246’
406-510| Vendor specific
511| Data structure checksum

S.M.A.R.T Attributes

The following table lists the attributes returned in bytes 2-361 of the 512-byte SMART data. Each attribute has 12 bytes, byte 0 is Attribute ID, bytes 1-2 are status flags, bytes 3-4 are reserved flags, the table below shows the definition of bytes 5-11:

Write Protect Feature

Cactus Technologies® -245 Series CFast card supports optional Write Protect function using a physical write protect switch. When the switch is toggled to the WP position, the card is write protected. The setting of the switch is sensed only during power up time, changing the setting of this switch after power up will not alter the write protect behavior. However, to avoid any unintended side effects, it is recommended that this switch not be toggled when power is applied to the card.

When the write protect function is enabled, all data write commands to the card will be accepted but the write data will be silently discarded. The card will follow all the data transfer handshake and will return successful status to the host. This method of handling write protection provides the best compatibility to host systems as simply rejecting write commands and returning error status may cause some operating systems to hang.

Appendix A. Ordering Information

Model KCXFY-245S-WP1
Where: X is drive capacities:
4G —————- 4GB (standard temp. only)
8G —————- 8GB
16G ————– 16GB
32G ————– 32GB
64G ————– 64GB
Where: Y is temperature grade:
blank ———— standard temp.
I ——————- extended temp.
Where: WP1 is Write Protect optional
blank ———— no Write Protect
WP1 ————- w/ Write Protect

Example:

1. 4GB CFast ———————————————————– KC4GF-245S
2. 8GB extended temp. CFast ———————————— KC8GFI-245S
3. 4GB CFast w/ Write Protect ———————————— KC4GF-245S-WP1

Appendix B.Technical Support Services

B.1.Direct Cactus Technologies® Technical Support

Email: tech@cactus-tech.com

Appendix C.Cactus Technologies® Worldwide Sales Offices

Email: sales@cactus-tech.com
Email: americas@cactus-tech.com

Appendix D.Limited Warranty

WARRANTY STATEMENT
Cactus Technologies® warrants its Industrial pSLC products only to be free of any defects in materials or workmanship that would prevent them from functioning properly for two years from the date of purchase or when estimated TBW is reached, whichever occurs first. This express warranty is extended by Cactus Technologies® Limited to customers of our products.

GENERAL PROVISIONS
This warranty sets forth the full extent of Cactus Technologies® responsibilities regarding the Cactus Technologies® Industrial pSLC Flash Storage Products. Cactus Technologies®, at its sole option, will repair, replace or refund the purchase price of the defective product. Cactus Technologies® guarantees our products meet all specifications detailed in our product manuals. Although Cactus Technologies® products are designed to withstand harsh environments and have the highest specifications in the industry, they are not warranted to never have failure and Cactus Technologies® does not warranty against incidental or consequential damages. Accordingly, in any use of products in life support systems or other applications where failure could cause injury or loss of life, the products should only be incorporated in systems designed with appropriate redundancy, fault tolerant or backup features.

WHAT THIS WARRANTY COVERS
For products found to be defective within two years of purchase, Cactus Technologies® will have the option of repairing, replacing or refunding the purchase price the defective product, if the following conditions are met:
A. The defective product is returned to Cactus Technologies® for failure analysis as soon as possible after the failure occurs.
B. An incident card filled out by the user, explaining the conditions of usage and the nature of the failure, accompanies each returned defective product.
C. No evidence is found of abuse or operation of products not in accordance with the published specifications, or of exceeding maximum ratings or operating conditions.

All failing products returned to Cactus Technologies® under the provisions of this limited warranty shall be tested to the product’s functional and performance specifications. Upon confirmation of failure, each product will be analyzed, by whatever means necessary, to determine the root cause of failure. If the root cause of failure is found to be not covered by the above provisions, then the product will be returned to the customer with a report indicating why the failure was not covered under the warranty.

This warranty does not cover defects, malfunctions, performance failures or damages to the unit resulting from use in other than its normal and customary manner, misuse, accident or neglect; or improper alterations or repairs. Cactus Technologies® Limited may repair or replace, at its discretion, any product returned by its customers, even if such product is not covered under warranty, but is under no obligation to do so.

RECEIVING WARRANTY SERVICE
According to Cactus Technologies® warranty procedure, defective product should be returned only with prior authorization from Cactus Technologies® Limited. Please contact Cactus Technologies® Customer Service department (tech@cactus- tech.com) with the following information: product model number and description, nature of defect, conditions of use, proof of purchase and purchase date. If approved, Cactus Technologies® will issue a Return Material Authorization or Product Repair Authorization number and instructions for shipping the product back to us for service.

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