Radial OX8-r 8-Channel Microphone Splitter User Guide

Radial OX8-r 8-Channel Microphone Splitter

INTRODUCTION

This user guide covers the installation and operation of the Radial OX8 microphone splitter. We recommend that you take a few min-utes to read through this manual in order to familiarize yourself with the many innovative features that are built in.
Should you have questions or applications not covered in this manual, we invite you to visit the Radial website at www.radialeng.com to check the FAQ section for the latest updates. Of course, you can also send us an email at [email protected].
OX8 DESIGN CONCEPT
The Radial OX8 is an eight-channel, balanced microphone splitter in a compact 1RU package that divides the mic signals three ways; to a direct output; a direct output with ground lift; and an isolated output. A high-performance bridging transformer is used on the iso-lated output to eliminate hum and buzz caused by ground loops.
Splitting microphone signals is a straightforward concept. It’s most common in sound reinforcement and live recording when the on-stage microphones must be split to feed two mixing consoles. When done improperly, splitting a signal can dull frequency response, lower the output and worst of all, cause ground loops that produce buzz and hum. To avoid these pitfalls, sound reinforcement com-panies have been building custom “splitter-snakes” for many years.
The OX8 is an off-the-shelf splitter for the rest of us allowing virtually anyone to design and assemble a splitter-snake with plug-n-play simplicity and professional audio quality without the need for custom metal work or complex soldering.

BASICS

What is a Mic Splitter
In modern concert production, there are often two separate sound systems. The main PA covers the audience or “house” while a monitor sys-tem covers the stage so the performers can hear. A third system may be added if the concert is to be recorded. Each system requires it’s own mixing console because the mix that sounds good in the house simply won’t work for the monitors or be suitable for a recording. A mic splitter provides the means to split the original signal from the on-stage microphones and send it to the various systems, main PA, monitors and recording, so that each can get a clean, unaffected signal directly from the mic.
However, splitting microphone signals is not as simple as just wiring the microphones to all the consoles. Issues such as impedance loading, ground loops and phantom power can degrade the signal and introduce noise. To solve these issues the OX8 uses high-performance audio isolation transformers to decouple the signal passing through it and eliminate ground loops that cause hum and buzz in audio systems.

Inside a Transformer
A transformer consists of two coils of wire in close proximity to one an-other wound around a metal core. One coil is the input of the transformer (primary), the other coil is the output (secondary). A transformer is said to electrically isolate, or decouple, the input from the output because there is no physical connection between the primary and secondary windings. When the primary winding is energized by the mic signal, a magnetic field is produced and the lines of force cut across the turns of the secondary winding. Alternating current (AC) which makes up the audio program is transduced from one winding to another through induction. Direct current (DC) which is responsible for buzz and hum in sound systems, is blocked by the transformer eliminating noise caused by ground loops.

What is a Ground Loop

A ground loop is created when an audio system has multiple paths to ground, often called earth. This situation can occur when two AC powered audio devices, such as two mixing consoles, are plugged into different power circuits and connected together via a signal cable. Both audio devices have a path to ground through the third prong on the AC-mains cable. The signal cable completes the loop by connecting the devices together through the signal cable’s shield.

Once the loop is complete there is the electrical potential for DC voltage to flow through it. This potential is caused by the interaction between devices with different ground voltage references and allows unwanted spurious current to flow through the shields of the signal cables. This flow of DC voltage creates noise in the signal wires through induction and capacitance at the base frequency of 50 or 60 Hz (hum) and the upper harmonics of 120 Hz, 240 Hz, etc. (buzz). Isolating or decoupling the audio signal with a transformer at a point between the two devices is the best way to block the unwanted flow of ground-potential currents and eliminate hum and buzz in audio systems.
Sound Quality
Besides isolation to prevent hum and buzz, audio transformers must sound brilliant and sound quality is what sets Eclipse® and Jensen® transformers apart. Designed for pro-audio applications, they include a host of features not found in general-purpose audio transformers. A core material of nickel- iron allows ultra-high input levels before saturation, linear frequency response, excellent band-width and near zero phase distortion. Consistent unit-to-unit performance is achieved through precision computer-controlled winding. The core is sealed inside mu-metal can which provides enhanced shielding from electromagnetic interference. The built-in Bessel low pass filter removes ultrasonic distortion that can mask natural sound and cause ear fatigue.

SIGNAL FLOW
Take a moment to follow the signal path through the block diagram below.

1. Parallel Inputs
   For flexibility, the OX8 has three paralleled inputs.

   • Female XLR connectors on the front panel
   • 25 pin D-SUB (DB-25) on the rear panel
   • Euroblocks screw terminals on the rear panel (Set of eight Euroblock terminals sold separately, Order # R800 8050).

2. Direct Output
   The DIRECT output is the primary “straight through” output and provides a return path for 48V phantom power for con-denser microphones and active direct boxes. In the diagrams we refer to the main FOH console as connected to the DI-RECT output. In fact it doesn’t matter which console, main or monitor is connected to DIRECT as long as it is the only con-sole which will supply phantom power. The DIRECT output is paralleled to DB-25 and Euroblocks terminals for flexibility.

3. Auxiliary Direct Output with Ground Lift
   The DIRECT OUT WITH GROUND LIFT is an auxiliary output that uses eight front panel switches to lift the ground. This output may be patched to another audio system that may or may not be transformer isolated itself. The DIRECT WITH GROUND LIFT output is paralleled to DB-25 and Euroblocks terminals.

4. Isolated Output
   The ISOLATED outputs use eight precision audio isolation transformers to decouple the mic signals from the DIRECT outputs. This output may be patched to a separate audio sys-tem without creating ground loops. The ISOLATED output is paralleled to DB-25 and Euroblock terminals.

5. -36dB PAD
   The front panel PAD switch allows you to connect line-level output devices to the OX8. Engaging the PAD reduces the level by -36dB for that particular channel at the ISOLATED output.
   Isolation Transformer
   After the PAD the signal is fed to the isolation transformer where the mic signal is decoupled to eliminate noise from ground loops. For the most flexibility when designing technical ground systems, each transformer features an internal switch allowing the signal ground to connect around the transformer.
   RF Filter (not shown in the diagram)
   The three paralleled inputs employ a RF network filter on their ground paths to prevent unused inputs from acting like anten-nas when the ground is lifted. Any radio frequencies picked up by an open pin will be shunted to ground.

FEATURES

1.  Locking XLR Inputs – Front panel female XLR jacks allow easy connection of individual signals. Rugged, glass-reinforced nylon construction for reliable connections.
2. PAD -36dB – Reduces level-level input signals to microphone-level, allowing them to be run alongside mic signals without crosstalk. Only the ISOLATED output is affected by the PAD.
3. Front Panel Lift Switch – Disconnects the ground path at the DIRECT WITH GROUND LIFT auxiliary output. Using the front panel ground lift can eliminate ground loop noise between equipment connected to the OX8 direct outputs.
4. Easy ID label zones – For dry-erase markers or wax pencil identification. Handy when using several OX8 at a time.
5. Internal Chassis Ground Lift – Input connectors are 100% isolated from the chassis, but an internal switch is provided to connect signal ground (pin-1) to the chassis without modifying the OX8. By default, this switch is factory set to “lifted” allowing the chassis to “float” ungrounded and should remain this way unless a specific grounding scheme requires the signal ground to be tied to the chassis.
6. Military Grade PCB – The dual layer circuit board is manufactured with plated through holes and secured with 8 standoffs.
7. Transformers – Each transformer is mounted directly on the PCB in close proximity to the input for the shortest possible signal path. Choice of standard Eclipse or optional Jensen transformers.
8. Heavy-duty Switches – Front panel switches are metal encased and rated at 20,000 operations.
9. Internal Ground Lift – Each channel features an internal switch that, by default, is set to “lifted” so the transformer can isolate ground potential voltages. It may be used by system designers to accommodate specific grounding schemes when desired.
10. 14-Gauge Chassis – Made extra tough with heavy gauge steel and welded corners to provide excellent shielding and durability. Finished in baked enamel.
11. Isolated Output – This output is transformer isolated to block noise caused by ground loops and is wired in parallel to DB-25 and Euroblock terminals.
12. Direct With Ground Lift – This is an auxiliary output wired in parallel with the DIRECT output. The signal grounds may be disconnected using the front panel LIFT switch. This output is wired parallel to the DB-25 and Euroblocks terminals.
13. DB-25 Pin-out Diagram – The pin-out for the female DB-25 connector is diagramed on the rear panel. All DB-25 connectors follow the Tascam standard for eight channel analog signal interface.
14. Euroblock Sockets – These panel sockets receive 12-pin Euroblock screw terminals. Each Euroblock connects four channels with bare wire termination and facilitate custom options like interfacing a connector panel or multi-pin disconnect. Euroblocks screw terminals are optional and must be ordered separately. (Radial order # R800 8050)
15. Direct Output – This output passes signal through the OX8 and provides the return path for phantom power. This output is wired parallel to the DB-25 and Euroblock terminals.
16. Rear Inputs – The rear panel DB-25 and Euroblock inputs connect all eight channels and are wired parallel to the front XLR connectors.
17. Chassis Ground – Ground screw connection point used in conjunction with the internal chassis lift switch to bond the OX8 to earth.

CONNECTING THE OX8

OX8 Inputs

You can connect mics and direct boxes to the OX8 using the front panel XLR inputs, or the rear panel DB-25 and Euroblocks terminals. Which input you choose to use will depend where the OX8 is located and what you are connecting to it. For instance, individual micro-phones may be connected directly via the front panel XLRs , or a multi-channel snake may be used to connect to the DB-25 inputs

Connecting the DB-25 I/O
The DB-25 connectors on the rear panel use the TASCAM pin-out standard for analog audio. Connecting the OX8 to devices equipped with DB-25 connectors like digital multi-track recorders and mic preamps is simply a matter of using compatible DB-25 audio cables. Radial balanced DB-25 cables are a perfect match for the OX8 and can be ordered in standard or custom lengths.
The pin-out diagram is silk-screened on the rear panel for reference and represents the panel-mount female pin-out. To make your own interface DB-25 cables follow the pin-outs below for male and female connectors.

Connecting the Euroblock Terminals
Euroblock, or European style terminal blocks, also called Phoenix blocks, are removable screw terminal connectors. The Euroblock connector requires no soldering to terminate. Instead, the wire is stripped, inserted into slots in the connector and locked into place with a standard screwdriver. The connector then mates with the socket. Pin termination for the Euroblock terminals are clearly marked on the rear panel.
Referring to the pins on an XLR connector:

• Connect pin-1 (GROUND) to the G terminal.
• Connect pin-2 (HOT) to the + terminal.
• Connect pin-3 (COLD) to the – terminal.

NOTE : Euroblock terminals are optional equipment and must be ordered separately (Radial order number R800 8050).

Connecting Two Mixing Consoles
This is the most basic OX8 set up and allows the MAIN PA and MONITOR consoles to have ac-cess to the stage microphone signals.
The MAIN PA console connects to the DIRECT output and supplies 48V phantom power to the mics and active direct boxes.
The MONITOR console uses the ISOLATED out-put and is therefore electrically decoupled from the first console. The MONITOR console may be powered from a separate AC-mains circuit with-out creating ground loops.

Connecting Three Mixing Consoles
This advanced setup connects three consoles to an OX8.
The MAIN PA console connects to the DIRECT output and the MONITOR console to the auxil-iary DIRECT with LIFT output. In order to avoid hum and buzz from ground loops these consoles should be powered from the same AC main cir-cuit or a power distribution system designed to prevent ground loops from forming.
A third RECORDING console connects to the iso-lated output and is therefore electrically decou-pled from the MAIN PA and MONITOR consoles. The RECORDING console may be powered from a separate AC mains circuit without creating ground loops.

INTERNAL GROUNDING OPTIONS

The Radial OX8 features two internal grounding options that will be of interest to system engineers when integrating the OX8 into complex audio- visual systems. Most users will not need these options and can accept the factory default settings.
Internal Ground Lift – Each Channel
Each channel’s transformer features an internal ground switch that re-connects the ground around the transformer. It may be used on a per-channel basis to accommodate specific grounding needs. For example, it may be neces-sary to set this switch to closed for devices that have a floating ground, like battery powered laptop computers or devices powered with an AC to DC adaptor.
By default this switch is set to open, or lifted (out position) so the transformer can decouple equipment connected to the ISOLATED outputs. Pushing the switch in (closed) will connect the input ground to the output ground at the ISO-LATED output for that channel.
Internal Chassis Ground Lift – All Channels
All connectors are 100% isolated from the steel chassis allowing chassis and signal ground to be kept separate. However, a single internal switch is provided to connect the pin-1 cable shields to the chassis without modifying the OX8. By default, this switch is factory set to open or “lifted” allowing the chassis to “float” ungrounded.
Should a specific grounding scheme require the cable shields to be bonded to the chassis simply set this switch to closed (pushed in position). The switch may be accessed through a small hole in the side of the steel chassis or by removing the top cover. The chassis ground switch does not effect the isolation provided by the transformer at the ISOLATED output.
On the rear panel a ground screw provides a convenient point to bond the chassis. Use a heavy gauge solid copper wire to bond the OX8 chassis to your technical ground.

FAQ

Can I use the Radial OX8 to split line level signals?
You can use the Radial OX8 to accept line level signals by depressing the -36dB input PAD. The output will however be mic level as this is the norm with mic splitters. If you want to split line levels, the LX8 may be a better choice.
What is the difference between the various Eclipse and Jensen transformer options?
Eclipse offers a wider range of transformers in order to meet several price and performance points. The Eclipse MS10™ is our most popular mic splitter transformer. It provides exceptional performance from 20Hz to 20kHz while the Jensen has an extend frequency response from 10Hz to 40kHz.
Why did Radial use D-Sub connectors on the OX8?
Back in the 90’s, Tascam began using D-Subs on their DA88 digital recorders and they quickly became one of the most popular con-nectors for digital recording formats on the planet. Since they are very high density, you can really pack in a lot of channels in a small place. This makes them a good choice for the OX8.
Can I order a Radial OX8 with two isolated outputs?
No. To get two isolated outputs, you would need to assemble eight JS3™ and mount them into a J-Rack™. This would give you eight isolated outs in two rack spaces.
How does the Radial OX8 compare to the Radial LX8?
The OX8 is designed for mic signals (-40dB typical) while the LX8™ is designed for line levels (+4dB typical). These employ different types of transformers to handle the different levels.
Does the OX8 need power to make it work?
No. The OX8 is completely passive. Simply plug in and play.
What is the difference between Radial mic splitters and others?
Top professionals specify Radial because they depend on a product that is durable and will not fail. Radial uses the very best com-ponents to ensure fail-safe use. Others can save you money by being cheaper, but will likely not deliver the same level of quality or performance. Check the specs. If they are not complete, then you will likely end up being surprised.
Can I have an XLR panel made to go along with some OX8s?
Yes. Contact the Radial Custom Shop and they can put a quote together for you.
What is the difference between an active splitter and a passive one?
An active splitter is a multi-channel preamplifier or buffer that electronically amplifies the signal while a passive splitter does not amplify the signal at all; it uses special transformers to do the task. Most pros prefer a passive splitter as it taps the signal directly from the mic allowing each mix position to set the gain stage most appropriate to the individual’s need.
Will phantom power hurt the OX8?
No. The OX8 is designed to work with phantom power by allowing it to flow through the OX8’s direct output back to the microphone inputs. The isolated outputs will simply block phantom power if present.
Why can’t I simply split a signal without a transformer?
You can. But you will be subject to noise caused by stray DC voltage. Transformer isolation really helps to eliminate hum and buzz which can turn a great performance into an unusable recording.

SPECIFICATIONS

• Audio Circuit Type:                                      Passive transformer based mic level splitter
• Number of Channels:                                   8 channel 3-way splitter (1-in/3-out)
• Frequency Response:                                 20Hz ~ 20KHz (+0dB/-0.2dB)                                            20Hz ~ 18KHz (+0dB/-3dB)
• Dynamic Range:                                          140dB                                                                                140dB
• Maximum Input:                                           +2dBu @ 20Hz                                                                  +2dBu @ 20Hz
• THD +Noise:                                                0.003% @ 1kHz                                                                 0.005% @ 1kHz
• Phase Deviation:                                         0.7° @ 100Hz; 2.8° @ 20Hz                                               1° @ 100Hz; 5° @ 20Hz
• CMRR:                                                         -115dB @ 60Hz                                                                 114dB @ 60Hz
• Input Impedance:                                         Source dependent, 10kΩ with Pad on, balanced
• Output Impedance:                                      Source dependent, 10kΩ with Pad on, balanced

Features

• Transformer:                                                JT-MB-CPC, 1:1 ratio
• Shield:                                                         Dual Faraday, MuMETAL® can
• Input Pad:                                                    -36dB (allows line-level sources)
• Ground Lift:                                                 Disconnects XLR pin-1 at direct-2 and isolated output
• XLR Configuration:                                      AES standard (pin-2 hot)
• DB-25 Configuration:                                   Tascam analog audio standard

General

• Construction:                                               14 gauge steel
• Finish:                                                         Durable powder coat
• Size (L x W x H):                                          19” x 6” x 1.75” (48.25cm x 15.25cm x 4.45cm)
• Weight:                                                        7.5lb (3.4 kg)
• Shipping Size (L x W x H):                           22” x 10.375” x 4.5” (55.9cm x 26.4cm x 11.4cm) Shipping Weight:  8lb (3.63kg)\
• Power:                                                         Passive, no power required
• Conditions:                                                  For use in dry locations only between 5°C and 40°C
• Warranty:                                                     Radial 3-year, transferable
  Specifications are subject to change

RADIAL ENGINEERING LTD

3-YEAR TRANSFERABLE WARRANTY

RADIAL ENGINEERING LTD. (“Radial”) warrants this product to be free from defects in material and workmanship and will remedy any such defects free of charge according to the terms of this warranty. Radial will repair or replace (at its option) any defective component(s) of this product (excluding finish and wear and tear on components under normal use) for a period of three (3) years from the original date of purchase. In the event that a particular product is no longer available, Radial reserves the right to replace the product with a similar product of equal or greater value. To make a request or claim under this limited warranty, the product must be returned prepaid in the original shipping con-tainer (or equivalent) to Radial or to an authorized Radial repair center and you must assume the risk of loss or damage. A copy of the original invoice showing date of purchase and the dealer name must accompany any request for work to be performed under this limited warranty. This limited warranty shall not apply if the product has been damaged due to abuse, misuse, misapplication, accident or as a result of service or modification by any other than an authorized Radial repair center.
THERE ARE NO EXPRESSED WARRANTIES OTHER THAN THOSE ON THE FACE HEREOF AND DESCRIBED ABOVE. NO WARRANTIES WHETHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUD-ING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE SHALL EXTEND BEYOND THE RESPECTIVE WARRANTY PERIOD DESCRIBED ABOVE OF THREE YEARS. RADIAL SHALL NOT BE RESPONSIBLE OR LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS ARISING FROM THE USE OF THIS PRODUCT. THIS WARRANTY GIVES YOU SPECIFIC LEGAL RIGHTS, AND YOU MAY ALSO HAVE OTHER RIGHTS, WHICH MAY VARY DEPENDING ON WHERE YOU LIVE AND WHERE THE PRODUCT WAS PURCHASED.

Documents / Resources

| Radial OX8-r 8-Channel Microphone Splitter [pdf] User Guide
OX8-r, 8-Channel Microphone Splitter, OX8-r 8-Channel Microphone Splitter, Microphone Splitter, Splitter
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References

• Radial Engineering

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