velleman CS102 Professional Metal Detector User Manual

CS102
PROFESSIONAL METAL DETECTOR
USER MANUAL

CS102 Professional Metal Detector

Introduction

To all residents of the European Union
Important environmental information about this product
**** This symbol on the device or the package indicates that disposal of the device after its lifecycle could harm the environment. Do not dispose of the unit (or batteries) as unsorted municipal waste; it should be taken to a specialized company for recycling. This device should be returned to your distributor or to a local recycling service. Respect the local environmental rules.
If in doubt, contact your local waste disposal authorities.
Thank you for choosing Velleman! Please read the manual thoroughly before bringing this device into service. If the device was damaged in transit, do not install or use it and contact your dealer.

Safety Instructions

| Keep the device away from children and unauthorised users.
---|---
| Caution: wearing headphones in public places may lead to hazardous situations as traffic noise or audible warning signals are subdued.
| NEVER TOUCH AMUNITION OR OTHER POTENTIALLY LETHAL OBJECTS.
Clearly mark the finding location – have somebody guard the site when possible – and contact the local authorities at once.

General Guidelines

Refer to the Velleman® Service and Quality Warranty on the last pages of this manual.

• Protect this device from shocks and abuse. Avoid brute force when operating the device.
• Protect the device against extreme heat, dust and moisture.
• Familiarise yourself with the functions of the device before actually using it.
• All modifications of the device are forbidden for safety reasons.
• Only use the device for its intended purpose. Using the device in an unauthorised way will void the warranty.
• Damage caused by disregard of certain guidelines in this manual is not covered by the warranty and the dealer will not accept responsibility for any ensuing defects or problems.
• The warranty does not cover damage caused by salty environments.
• Always make sure to comply with local rules and regulations.
• If the device is not used for a long time, remove the batteries. Leaking batteries can cause serious damage.

Features

• DISC/TONE: discriminate between different metal types
• GND BALL: adjust soil interference
• VOL: adjust volume
• TRACE: trace the target being detected
• SENS: adjust the sensitivity
• TRESHOLD: adjust the strength of the signal
• adjustable handle
• target indicator
• on/off button
• waterproof searching coil
• ‘all metal’ mode can detect all kinds of metal

Overview

Refer to the illustrations on page 2 of this manual.

Control box + indicator

1| DISC/TONE| discrimination control: to eliminate (notch) undesired metals Note: this setting influences the sensitivity
---|---|---
2| GND BAL| ground balance control: to eliminate background signals caused by mineralized soils
3| VOL| volume button: set speaker or headphone volume to normal or low
4| TRACE| trace button: to keep the detector in tune
5| PHONE| headphone jack: to connect an external headphone (not incl.)
6| SENS| sensitivity control: to control the depth of detection
7| THRESHOLD| threshold control: adjust the level of the received signal
8| LOW BAT| low battery indication: lights up when voltage drops below 8.8V
9| DISC – TONE| discrimination mode selector: in DISC mode, type of metal is indicated by tone length; in TONE mode it is indicated using high or low tones
10| analogue meter| needle indicates signal intensity (ALL METAL mode) or metal type (DISC mode)

How it Works

• A (low frequency) metal detector basically consists of a transmitter, a receiver and a microprocessor (control box) which handles the signals.

Transmitter

• The transmitter is a coil of wire located inside the search coil. By sending an alternating current through this coil a magnetic field is generated, having a polarity pointing either into or out of the ground. This magnetic field will induce a flow of current inside nearby metallic objects. These objects in turn will create a magnetic field with a polarity, which is usually opposite to that of the magnetic field of the transmitter.

Receiver

• The receiver is another coil of wire that is located inside the search coil and which is constructed in such a way that the magnetic field of the transmitting coil does not induce current in it. Magnetic fields from nearby metallic objects however will produce an electric current in the receiver coil.

Phase shift

• The signal received from the receiving coil will usually be delayed versus the transmitted signal due to the tendency of conductors to impede changes in the flow of current, the so called inductance. The delay is referred to as phase shift. Metal objects that are primarily inductive e.g. large thick objects made of good conductors (gold, silver, copper…) will result in large phase shifts, whereas metal objects that are primarily resistive e.g. smaller thin objects made of less conductive materials will result only in minor phase shifts.
  Refer to the table below for a short overview of the electrical conductivity of some materials.

Material| Electrical conductivity (S/m)| Material| Electrical conductivity (S/m)
---|---|---|---
silver| 63.01 × 106| nickel| 14.3 × 106
copper| 59.6 × 106| iron| 9.93 × 106
gold| 45.2 × 106| platinum| 9.66 × 106
aluminium| 37.8 × 106| tin| 9.17 × 106
calcium| 29.8 × 106| sea water| 4.788
zinc| 16.6 × 106| drinking water| 0.0005 ~ 0.05

• Note that detection also depends on the size, shape, depth… of the metal.

Ferromagnetic

• Substances that usually conduct very poorly or not at all can become magnetized when inside a magnetic field, resulting in a strong signal picked up by the receiver. However, this signal shows little or no phase shift. Soils containing small grains of iron-bearing minerals will show ferromagnetic characteristics.

Discrimination

• Since any given metal will respond with its own characteristic phase shift, it will be possible to distinct between them. The process of distinguishing between different metals is called discrimination.

Ground balance

• As mentioned earlier, soils that contain iron will produce a response signal which can be a lot stronger than the signal produced by a metallic object concealed in it. This is also the case for places where ground water contains a lot of dissolved salt.
• However, the phase shift caused by the ground, the ground effect, remains fairly constant over a limited area when the search head is kept at a steady height.
• Accurate ground balance makes it possible to precisely pin-point the location and depth of an object. It is essential when working in ‘all metal’ mode.

Preparation

• Prior to use, the CS102 must be assembled.

• Mount the search coil [M] on the lower shaft [K]. Push the bolt through the holes and tighten with the nut knob [L]. Do not tighten the search coil fixation too hard e.g. do not use pliers or other tools.

• Slide the extension shaft [G] into the control shaft [B]. Rotate the extension shaft [G] until the springloaded buttons snap into place.

• Line up the spring-loaded buttons [I] of the lower shaft [K] with the holes in the extension shaft [G]. Slide the lower shaft [K] into the extension shaft [G].

• To determine the ideal shaft length, stand upright holding the metal detector by the handle [B] and your arm on the arm rest [A]. When holding your arm relaxed next to your body, the search coil [M] should be about ½” to 2” (max.) above the ground. To adjust the length, press on the spring-loaded button [I] and move the lower shaft [K] to the desired length.

• Turn the locking nut [J] counter clockwise (top view) to secure the lower shaft.

• Loosen the search coil fixation knob, adjust the search coil [M] so it is parallel to the ground and tighten the nut knob.

• Wind the cable [H] around the shaft, leaving enough slack. Insert the plug into the 5-pin input jack [F].
  The slotted connector only fits in one way, do not force.

• Insert batteries (see §14).

Operation

• It is strongly advised to test the detector at home before going into the field. Perform tests with different metals e.g. coins, golden ring, silver spoon…
  o Perform indoor tests by placing the detector on a wooden or plastic table, search coil [M] facing the ceiling and slowly moving a metal object over the coil. Be sure not to wear jewellery, as these will influence the reading. Hold the metal object under different angles while moving across the coil and notice the difference in detection. Note that the volume will increase quickly as the metal object passes directly in front of the search head, with the loudest sound occurring when the search head is centred immediately over the metal object. As the object passes beyond the search head the sound will quickly fade.
  Note: Never test the detector on a floor inside a building. Most buildings have metal of some kind in the floor, which might interfere with the objects you are testing or mask the signal completely.
  The search coil will not detect without motion. You must move the object since you are not sweeping with the detector at this time.
  If the detector does not detect the material, check the battery power and verify that the search coil is properly connected.
  o Also perform outdoor tests to learn the influence of the soil type on the detector and to practise ground balancing. Place a metal object on the ground and slowly sweep the search coil [M] over it. Be careful when using valuable metals for outdoor testing – make sure you can always retrieve them.
  Note: The detector responds with a strong signal when it detects most valuable metal objects. If a signal does not repeat after you sweep the search coil over the target a few times, the target is probably junk metal.
  False signals can be caused by trashy ground, electrical interference or large irregular pieces of junk metal. False signals are usually broken or non- repeatable.

• Switch on the detector by turning the discrimination threshold control [7] clockwise. To switch it off, turn the control counter clockwise until a click is heard.

• When desired, plug a headphone (not included) with a 3.5mm plug into the headphone jack [5]. Consider using a headphone with sound control, as the detector can only switch output sound level between normal or low mode.

• Set the speaker (or headphone) sound level to normal or low using the volume button [3].

• When the low battery indication [8] lights up, replace the batteries to ensure detecting accuracy.

ALL METAL -mode

• To find any kind of metal, turn the discrimination control knob [1] counter clockwise until a click is heard.
  Set the sensitivity control [6] to average. Setting the sensitivity control [6] to high in all-metal mode will produce a complex return signal.

• Hold the search coil [M] ±1m above the ground, press and hold the trace button [4] and turn the ground balance control [2] to area ‘P’. Release the trace button [4].

• Hold the search coil [M] ½”~2” from the ground. If the meter [10] points to the right (speaker sound high), turn the ground balance control [2] counter clockwise; if the meter [10] points towards the left (speaker sound low), rotate the ground balance control [2] clockwise.
  Note: After each ground balance control [2] adjustment, press the trace button [4] to initialize the new setting. Press the trace button [4] whenever the detector is drifting away from the sensitivity setting, e.g. when moving from dry ground to wet ground.

• When searching in highly mineralized areas, set the sensitivity control [6] and threshold control [7] to low by turning counter clockwise, and keep the searching coil [M] slightly further away from the ground.

DISC -mode

• When a metal object is detected, set the discrimination mode detector [9] to ‘DISC’ and slowly turn the discrimination control [1] clockwise (away from ‘all metal’). The further the knob is turned, the more metals will be rejected. Refer to §6 how it works – phase shift for more information.
• If the discrimination control [1] is set to zero, all detected metals will produce a long tone. When set higher, rejected metals will produce a short tone while accepted metals still produce a long tone.

TONE -mode

• Set the discrimination mode detector [9] to ‘TONE’ to get a tone indication depending on the type of detected metal. Low resistive metals (e.g. Silver) will produce a high tone, while higher resistive metals (e.g. Copper) will produce a lower tone.
• If the discrimination control [1] is set to zero, all detected metals will produce a high tone. When set higher, rejected metals will produce a low tone while accepted metals still produce a high tone.

Recommendations for Use

• Treasure hunting can be a profitable and a rewarding hobby, if approached in a patient and diligent manner. Time spent researching to locate a worthwhile search site can be time wasted if your search is hasty and erratic. To achieve maximum results, it is important to decide on your approach to each particular site, before the actual search.
• Tactics will be decided by the type of site – it is more profitable to scan a small area thoroughly than to conduct a haphazard search of the total site. However, when the site is too far away for you to make several return visits, a plan should be adopted which gives maximum site coverage, but at the same time allows some detailed search.
• It quite often happens that where one find is made, other finds will be made in the immediate vicinity. Accordingly, places having the highest density of markers represent the most likely spots for further finds.
• The detailed search is made by marking out strips of a width determined by the sweep of the detector, and moving forwards the approximate diameter of the search head after each sweep until the ‘strip’ has been completely covered. The adjacent strips are covered in similar manner, until the complete area has been thoroughly searched.
• Wooden pegs and string are ideal for marking out areas, but very often natural landmarks such as trees, rocks and plants can with practice, prove just as effective.
• No detector is 100 percent accurate. Various conditions influence metal detection. The detector’s reaction depends on a number of things:
  o the angle at which the object rests in the ground.
  o the depth of the object.
  o the amount of iron in the object.
  o the size of the object

Search coil sweeping hints

• Never sweep the search coil as if it were a pendulum. Raising the search coil while sweeping or at the end of a sweep will cause false readings.
• Sweep slowly. Hurrying will cause you to miss targets.
• It is better to sweep the search coil from side to side in a straight line and keep the search coil parallel with the ground.
• The detector responds with a signal when it detects most valuable metal objects. If a signal does not repeat after you’ve swept the search coil over the target a few times, the target is probably junk metal.
• False signals can be caused by trashy ground, electrical interference, or large irregular pieces of junk metal.
• False signals are usually broken or non-repeatable.

Pinpointing a target

• Accurately pinpointing a target makes digging it up easier. Accurate pinpointing takes practice, and we suggest you practice finding and digging up small metal objects on your own property before you search other locations.
• Sometimes, targets are difficult to accurately locate due to the sweep direction. Try changing your sweep direction to pinpoint a target.
• Follow these steps to pinpoint a target.
  o When the detector detects a buried target, continue sweeping the search coil over the target in a narrowing side-to-side motion.
  o Make a visual note of the exact spot on the ground where the detector beeps.
  o Stop the search coil directly over this spot on the ground. Then move the search coil straight forward away from you and straight back toward you a couple of times.
  o Make a visual note of the exact spot on the ground where the detector beeps.
  o Repeat Steps 1-3 at a right-angle to the original search line, making an “X” pattern. The target will be directly below the “X” at the point of the loudest response.

Notes:

• If trash in an area is so heavy that you get false signals, slow your sweep and use shorter sweeps.
• Recently buried coins might not respond the same as coins buried for a long period of time because of oxidation.
• Some nails, nuts, bolts, and other iron objects (such as old bottle caps) oxidise and create a “halo” effect. A halo effect is caused by a mixture of natural elements in the ground and the oxidation created by different metals. Because of the metal mixtures, target signals might not be in a “fixed” position. This effect makes these objects very hard to detect accurately.

Detection range

• The detection range will vary depending on the size of the object, the length of time an object has been buried and the type of ground the object is buried in. The best soil is compact soil, where you can locate coins at great depth, especially if they have interacted with the salts in the ground, which makes them appear larger to the detector. The worst conditions for detecting are in loose soil or freshly dug ground or when the object has only recently been buried. Ninety percent of all objects are found within 6″ of  the surface. Adverse soil conditions can reduce the detection range by as much as 50%.

Determining the target size and depth

• An operator who is familiar with his instrument will be able to do an excellent job of determining object size, shape and depth before he digs. He does this through careful analysis of the audio signals coming from the detector. You should always listen for the specific characteristics of a signal. Determine over how large an area the contact generates a signal to try and “outline” the object before you dig. Listen for the sharpness or dullness of the signal and determine the strength of the signal. A coin generates a sharp signal, while the signal for a nail is vague.

Batteries

• Always carry a spare set of batteries when going out on a fieldtrip.
• Using headphones will increase batteries life-time.

Cleaning and Storage

• The life of your detector is shortened by neglect or careless use. Wipe the housing with a damp cloth and then wipe it dry carefully if you have used the detector in a hostile environment (salty water, sand, etc.).
• Do not clean the detector with solvents or detergents.
• The search coil is waterproof and can be submerged in either fresh or salt water. However, do not let water enter the control box. Rinse the search coil with fresh water after using in salt water.

Salt damage

• Salty air can penetrate the control box in case of frequent use in a salty environment. Parts of the electronic circuitry may corrode. You can protect your metal detector by covering the control box with polythene. The warranty does not cover damage caused by salty environments.

Storage

• Store the detector in a dry and warm environment under normal humidity conditions.
• Remove the batteries to prevent them from leaking if the metal detector is to be stored for long periods.

Troubleshooting

• Before turning the device in for repair, read this section as it might contain the solution for your problem.
• When problems occur, first check the batteries. Replace the batteries when necessary and ensure the connections are correct and secure.

Oscillating Signal

• This is caused most often by outside sources such as fluorescent lights, radios, power lines and the proximity of other metal detectors. There is not much you can do about it.

Intermittent Sound from Speaker

• This can have several origins:
  o This could be due to poor battery connections. Make sure the batteries are securely clipped in place.
  o A radio transmission from a passing taxi or another vehicle using radio transmitter equipment.
  o The speaker may have come loose. Have your dealer fix the speaker back into place.

The detector drifts out of tune

• The metal detector can be affected by changing temperatures e.g. when the device is taken out of storage and out into the field. Wait a while until the temperature of your CS102 has stabilised. The device may need as much as half an hour to acclimatise if the change in temperature is extreme.
• Sometimes batteries will cause the signal to drift. Replace them if this is the case.

Code of Conduct

• Do not interfere with archaeological sites or ancient monuments. Join your local archaeological society if you are interested in ancient history.
• Do not leave a mess. Use a sharpened trowel or knife to cut a neat circle or triangle, extract the object and carefully replace the soil and the grass.
• Help keep your country tidy. Bottle tops, silver paper and tin cans belong in a waste bin. Rusty iron and other scrap should be collected and taken to a specialized company for further handling.
• Do not trespass: ask permission before venturing onto private property.
• Report all historical finds to the local museum or government and get expert help if you accidentally discover a site of archaeological interest.
• Be very careful if you discover any live ammunition or any lethal object such as an unexploded mine. Do not touch the object! Mark the site carefully and report the find at once to the local police.
• Do not leave gates open when crossing fields and do not damage crops or frighten animals.
• Try to get along with any other detector you may meet. There is much to be learnt from experienced users.
• Always obey local laws and regulations. Contact your local government for more information.
  Notice: It is illegal for anyone to use a metal detector on a scheduled ancient monument unless permission has been obtained from the Historic Buildings and Ancient Monument Commission for England or the Secretary of State for the Environment in Scotland and Wales.

Batteries

• When battery-voltage is low (<8.8V), the low battery indicator [8] lights up and batteries must be replaced to ensure correct functioning of the detector.
• Switch off the detector by turning the threshold control [7] counter clockwise until a click is heard.
• The batteries are divided over 2 separate battery compartments [D] at the back of the control box [C], one on either side of the shaft.
• Open the compartments [D] and insert 8 new 1.5V AA batteries (not included) following the polarity markings inside the compartment. Make sure these batteries are all of the same type and capacity. Never mix old and new batteries.
• Close the battery compartments. The detector is now ready for use.

WARNING:
Do not puncture or throw batteries in fire as they might explode.
Do not attempt to recharge non-rechargeable batteries.
Dispose of batteries in accordance with local regulations.
Keep batteries away from children.

Technical Specifications

discrimination modes …………………………………………………………………………… notch, tone
frequency ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 5.7 kHz
sensitivity ………………………………………………………………. 20 cm for a € 2 coin (Ø 25 mm),
………………………………………………………. in ‘all metal’ mode, under ideal circumstances
low battery indication ……………………………………………………………… red LED when < 8.8 V
signal output ……………………………………………………… speaker and 3.5 mm headphone jack
display …………………………………………………………….. 6.35 cm (2.5″) analogue panel meter
power supply ………………………………………………………. 8 x 1.5 V battery type AA (not incl.)
dimensions
length …………………………………………………………………………. 112 – 144 cm (44″ – 57″)
coil …………………………………………………………………………………………. Ø 22 cm (8.6″)
weight ………………………………………………………………………………………. 1260 g (2.78 lb.)

Use this device with original accessories only. Velleman nv cannot be held responsible in the event of damage or injury resulting from (incorrect) use of this device. For more info concerning this product and the latest version of this manual, please visit our website www.velleman.eu. The information in this manual is subject to change without prior notice.

RED Declaration of Conformity
Hereby, Velleman NV declares that the radio equipment type [CS102] is in compliance with Directive 2014/53/EU.
The full text of the EU declaration of conformity is available at the following internet address: www.velleman.eu.

© COPYRIGHT NOTICE
The copyright to this manual is owned by Velleman nv. All worldwide rights reserved. No part of this manual may be copied, reproduced, translated or reduced to any electronic medium or otherwise without the prior written consent of the copyright holder.

Velleman® Service and Quality Warranty
Since its foundation in 1972, Velleman® acquired extensive experience in the electronics world and currently distributes its products in over 85 countries.
All our products fulfil strict quality requirements and legal stipulations in the EU.
In order to ensure the quality, our products regularly go through an extra quality check, both by an internal quality department and by specialized external organisations. If, all precautionary measures notwithstanding, problems should occur, please make appeal to our warranty (see guarantee conditions).
General Warranty Conditions Concerning Consumer Products (for EU):

• All consumer products are subject to a 24-month warranty on production flaws and defective material as from the original date of purchase.

• Velleman® can decide to replace an article with an equivalent article, or to refund the retail value totally or partially when the complaint is valid and a free repair or replacement of the article is impossible, or if the expenses are out of proportion.
  You will be delivered a replacing article or a refund at the value of 100% of the purchase price in case of a flaw occurred in the first year after the date of purchase and delivery, or a replacing article at 50% of the purchase price or a refund at the value of 50% of the retail value in case of a flaw occurred in the second year after the date of purchase and delivery.

• Not covered by warranty:
  – all direct or indirect damage caused after delivery to the article (e.g. by oxidation, shocks, falls, dust, dirt, humidity…), and by the article, as well as its contents (e.g. data loss), compensation for loss of profits;
  – consumable goods, parts or accessories that are subject to an aging process during normal use, such as batteries (rechargeable, non-rechargeable, built-in orreplaceable), lamps, rubber parts, drive belts… (unlimited list);
  – flaws resulting from fire, water damage, lightning, accident, natural disaster, etc.…;
  – flaws caused deliberately, negligently or resulting from improper handling, negligent maintenance, abusive use or use contrary to the manufacturer’s instructions;
  – damage caused by a commercial, professional or collective use of the article (the warranty validity will be reduced to six (6) months when the article is used professionally);
  – damage resulting from an inappropriate packing and shipping of the article;
  – all damage caused by modification, repair or alteration performed by a third party without written permission by Velleman®.

• Articles to be repaired must be delivered to your Velleman® dealer, solidly packed (preferably in the original packaging), and be completed with the original receipt of purchase and a clear flaw description.

• Hint: In order to save on cost and time, please reread the manual and check if the flaw is caused by obvious causes prior to presenting the article for repair.
  Note that returning a non-defective article can also involve handling costs.

• Repairs occurring after warranty expiration are subject to shipping costs.

• The above conditions are without prejudice to all commercial warranties.
  The above enumeration is subject to modification according to the article (see article’s manual).

Made in PRC
Imported by Velleman nv
Legen Heirweg 33, 9890 Gavere, Belgium
www.velleman.eu

References

• Velleman – Wholesaler and developer of electronics

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