BIO RAD Anti-Human Globulin Anti-IgG IH-Card AHG Anti-IgG Instruction Manual

BIO RAD Anti-Human Globulin Anti-IgG IH-Card AHG Anti-IgG Instruction

Manual

INTENDED USE

The IH-Card AHG Anti-IgG is intended for the detection of antibodies on human red blood cells using the Direct and Indirect Antiglobulin Tests.

SUMMARY

Moreschi first described the use of Anti-Human Globulin in 1908.1 Coombs rediscovered the test in 1945.2,3 By injecting rabbits with human IgG, they were able to produce a protein (Anti-IgG) that reacted with ˝incomplete˝ antibodies (IgG). Most ˝incomplete˝ antibodies (IgG) fail to agglutinate red blood cells suspended in saline.4 Most clinically significant antibodies in red blood cell serology are of the IgG class and can only be detected by the use of Anti-IgG.
The IH-Card AHG Anti-IgG is suitable for the Direct and Indirect Antiglobulin Tests. The Direct Antiglobulin Test allows the detection of in vivo sensitization of human red blood cells with immunoglobulins. The Indirect Antiglobulin Tests allows the detection of in vitro sensitization of human red blood cells with clinically significant antibodies. The Indirect Antiglobulin Test may be used for antibody detection, identification, IAT crossmatching, and D variant testing. An optional autocontrol may help to distinguish autoantibodies and alloantibodies.

PRINCIPLES OF THE TEST

The test combines the principles of hemagglutination and gel filtration for detection of blood group antigen-antibody reactions. The test sample (red blood cell suspension and/or plasma/serum) is distributed into the microtubes containing the appropriate reagent(s). After centrifugation non-agglutinated red blood cells are collected at the bottom of the microtube while the agglutinates are dispersed throughout the length of the gel, depending upon their size. Their position in the gel determines the intensity of the reaction.

REAGENT

[IVD]
OBSERVABLE INDICATIONS
Bubbles trapped in the gel, drying of the gel, artifacts, or open or damaged seals may indicate product alteration.
NOTE: INSPECT THE CONDITION OF THE CARDS BEFORE USE (SEE PRECAUTIONS).
IH-Card AHG Anti-IgG consists of six microtubes containing a gel impregnated with rabbit polyclonal Anti-Human Globulin AHG Anti-IgG that does not contain antibodies to complement components. The Anti-IgG is light chain specific (sera from hyperimmunized rabbits) and thus may also agglutinate IgA or IgM coated red blood cells. The Anti-IgG is diluted in a phosphate buffered saline solution containing bovine albumin, absorbed to remove heterospecific antibodies and contains a mixture of colorants Patent Blue and Tartrazin.This reagent contains bovine albumin.
Preservative: Sodium Azide (0.1%)
The bovine albumin used for the production of this reagent is purchased from BSE-free sources.
Each card contains six microtubes. Depending on the test profile, individual wells of this card can be used by carefully peeling off the aluminum foil from the individual microtubes.

STORAGE REQUIREMENTS

•  Store at 18 to 25°C.
• Do not use beyond expiry on the label which is expressed as YYYY-MM-DD (Year-Month-Day).
•  Store in an upright position.
• Do not freeze or expose cards to excessive heat.
• Do not store near any heat, air-conditioning sources or ventilation outlets.

PRECAUTIONS

•  All IH-System reagents and test samples must be brought to room temperature (18 to 25°C) prior to use.
•  Do not use cards showing signs of drying, discoloration, bubbles, crystals or other artifacts.
•  Do not use cards with damaged foil strips.
•  Use reagents as furnished.
• Do not use gel cards if the gel matrix is absent or if the liquid level in the microtube is not not at or below the gel matrix. A clear liquid layer should be visible on top of the uniform gel matrix in each microtube.
•  Cards with dispersed drops observed at the top of the microtube, due to improper storage or shipping conditions, have to be centrifuged with the IH-Centrifuge L or IH-Reader 24 with preset time and speed before use. If drops are still observed on top of the microtube after one centrifugation it is recommended to not use the card.
•  The use of diluents other than IH-LISS for the red blood cell suspension may modify the reaction and lead to incorrect test results.
• The use of volumes and/or red blood cell suspension in concentrations other than those indicated in the method may modify the reaction and lead to incorrect test results, i.e., false positive or false negative results.
•  Once the IH-Card has been used for testing, it may contain infectious material and should therefore be handled and disposed of as biohazardous waste in accordance with local, state, and national regulations.
• Warning: Contains sodium azide, which may react with lead or copper plumbing to form explosive azides. If discarded in the sink, flush with large amounts of water to prevent the build up of explosive metal azides.
•  Caution: this product is derived from animal source material and was found negative when tested in accordance with current FDA required tests. No known test methods can offer assurance that products derived from animals will not transmit infectious agents.
•  Consult downloads.bio-rad.com to download the valid version of this instruction for use.

SPECIMEN COLLECTION AND PREPARATION

No special preparation of the patient or donor is required prior to specimen collection. Blood samples should be collected following general blood sampling guidelines. Do not use grossly hemolyzed, lipemic or icteric samples.
Samples should be centrifuged for 10 minutes at 2000g or at a time and speed that consistently produces cell-free plasma. Frozen and thawed plasma and serum samples should be centrifuged for 10 minutes at 1500g or at a time and speed sufficient to remove particulate matter. Donor segments do not require centrifugation. Detection and Identification of Unexpected Antibodies including Autocontrol
Fresh EDTA, ACD, CPDA and serum samples are acceptable; however serum separator tubes may not be used. For Autocontrol all sample types are acceptable when testing manually. For automated testing only samples with anticoagulants are acceptable for autocontrol. Samples should be tested as soon as possible after collection. If testing is delayed, samples may be stored at 2 to 8°C for up to ten (10) days post collection. Frozen samples can be used within the instrument when plasma and serum is separated from the red blood cells and stored frozen (at -20°C or colder). In clinical studies, samples collected in sodium citrate were tested after storage at -20°C for up to 674 days, samples collected in EDTA were tested after 1 month at -20˚C, and serum samples were tested after 26 days at -20˚C. In case of testing with samples without anticoagulant only manual testing is accepted and if testing is delayed, these samples may be stored at 2 to 8 °C for up to ten (10) days.

DAT

Fresh blood samples collected in anticoagulant are acceptable. Samples should be tested as soon as possible post collection. If testing is delayed, EDTA samples and cord blood samples may be stored at 2 to 8°C for up to ten (10) days when tested manually and five (5) days when tested on automated systems. However, general guidelines for DAT testing recommend testing within 48 hours.

Cross matching Donor cells

Fresh blood samples collected in anticoagulant are acceptable. Samples should be tested as soon as possible post collection
On automated systems, if testing is delayed, donor blood collected in CPD or CP2D may be tested up to expiration date of the unit when stored at 1 to 8°C. Donor blood stored in additive solutions AS-1 or AS-3 may be tested up to thirty (30) days post collection when stored at 1 to 8°C.
For manual testing, if testing is delayed, donor blood collected in CPD, CP2D and CPDA-1 and donor blood stored in additive solutions AS-1 or AS-3 may be tested up to expiration date indicated on the label of the unit when stored at 1 to 8°C.

Recipient’s sample

Fresh EDTA samples are acceptable; however serum separator tubes may not be used. Samples should be tested as soon as possible after collection. If testing is delayed, samples may be stored at 2 to 8°C for up to ten (10) days post collection.

Anti-D Testing with IH-Anti-D (RH1) Blend

Fresh blood samples collected in anticoagulants are acceptable. Samples should be tested as soon as possible post collection. On automated systems, if testing is delayed, EDTA samples may be stored at 2 to 8°C for up to five (5) days or donor blood collected in CP2D may be tested up to the expiration date of the unit when stored at 1 to 8°C. Donor blood stored in additive solutions AS-3 may be tested up to thirty (30) days post collection when stored at 1 to 8°C. Cord blood samples may be stored at 2 to 8°C for up to five (5) days post collection for automated testing.
For manual testing,if testing is delayed, EDTA samples may be stored at 2 to 8°C for up to ten (10) days or donor blood collected in CPD, CP2D and CPDA-1 and donor blood stored in additive solutions AS-1 and AS-3 may be tested up to the expiration date indicated on the label of the unit when stored at 1 to 8°C. Cord blood samples may be stored at 2 to 8°C for up to ten (10) days post collection.

TEST PROCEDURE FOR MANUAL AND AUTOMATED SYSTEMS

Material provided

• IH-Card AHG Anti-IgG

Materials required but not provided

• Reagent Red Blood Cells (IH-Cells or IH-Panels) or red blood cells
• IH-LISS Rack or IH-LISS Solution (when using cells other than IH-Cells or IH-Panels)
• IH-Anti-D (RH1) Blend
• IH-Papain
• Isotonic saline solution (0.85 to 90%)
• Sterile distilled water
• Dispenser pipette capable of delivering 1 mL
• Pipettes: 10 µL, 25 µL, 50 µL and 1 mL
• Disposable pipette tips
• Glass or plastic test tubes
• IH-Incubator L for manual working
• IH-Centrifuge L or IH-Reader 24 to centrifuge the IH Cards at 85g with preset time for manual working
• IH-1000 or IH-500 for full automation

Method for automation

For Indirect Antiglobulin Test (antibody detection and identification, crossmatch and weak D assays) and the Direct Antiglobulin Test, refer to the IH-1000, IH-500 and IH-Com User Manual U.S. for testing and reagent handling instructions.

Method for manual testing

Refer to the IH-Reader 24 User Manual and IH-Com User Manual U.S. or IH- Centrifuge L User Manual U.S. and IH-Incubator L User Manual U.S. for equipment operating instructions.

Direct Antiglobulin Test (DAT)

Prior to use prepare a red blood cell suspension of approximately 1% to be tested in IH-LISS Solution

• Transfer 1 mL of IH-LISS Solution to a labelled disposable tube
• Add 10 μL of red blood cell pellet
• Mix gently
• The red blood cell suspension is ready for use

Note: Red blood cell suspension should be used as soon as possible within 24 hours.__

1. Allow reagents and samples to reach room temperature (18 to 25 °C) before
2. Inspect the condition of the cards before use (see Warnings and Precautions)
3. Label the gel card
4. Withdraw the entire foil seal from the card or from the individual microtubes to be used for Carefully peel off the aluminium foil to prevent cross-contamination of the microtube contents.

Note: Once the foil has been removed from the microtubes, testing must be initiated to prevent drying of the gel.

5. Ensure the resuspension of the red blood cells before
6. Add 50 μL of red blood cell suspension (approximately 1%) into the appropriate wells of

Note: Carefully dispense the red blood cell suspension, avoiding contact of the pipette tip with the contents of the microtubes to prevent carryover.

7. Centrifuge in the IH-Centrifuge L or IH-Reader 24 at the pre-set conditions as determined by the
8. Read the reactions by visual inspection or automatically with the IH-Reader

Indirect Antiglobulin Test (IAT)

1. Allow reagents and samples to reach room temperature (18 to 25 °C) before
2. Inspect the condition of the cards before use (see Warnings and Precautions)
3. Label the gel card
4. Withdraw the entire foil seal from the card or from the individual microtubes to be used for Carefully peel off the aluminium foil to prevent cross-contamination of the microtube contents.
5. Note: Once the foil has been removed from the microtubes, testing must be initiated to prevent drying of the
6. Ensure the resuspension of the red blood cells before
7. Add 50 µL of test cells into the appropriate well of the microtubes

Note: If not using IH-Cells, a cell suspension of approximately 1% must be prepared with IH-LISS Solution (transfer 1 mL of IH-LISS Solution to a labelled disposable tube,

add 10 μL of red blood cell pellet,mix gently)

Note: Red blood cell suspension should be used as soon as possible within 24 hours.

8. Add 25 µL of plasma or serum into the appropriate wells of microtubes

Note: Carefully dispense the red blood cell suspension and the serum or plasma, avoiding contact of the pipette tip with the contents of the microtubes to prevent carryover. After pipetting, an air gap between the supernatant of the microtubes and the red blood cells / serum and or plasma should be visible.

9. Incubate for 15 to 20 minutes in the IH-Incubator L (with pre-set temperature).
10. Centrifuge in the IH-Centrifuge L or IH-Reader 24 at the pre-set conditions as determined by the
11. Read the reactions by visual inspection or automatically with the IH-Reader

Papain treatment of red blood cells to be used in the Indirect

Antiglobulin Test (IAT)

1. Wash the red blood cells three (3) times with isotonic saline solution (0.85 to 90%).

2. Prepare a red blood cell suspension of approximately 5% (e.g. 45 µL of packed red blood cells in 0.9 mL isotonic saline solution).

3. Add 1 volume of Papain to 9 volumes of red blood cell suspension (e.g.100 µL of IH-Papain plus 900 µL red blood cell suspension).

4. Incubate for 5 minutes at 37+/-1 °C.

5. Wash three (3) times with isotonic saline
   Note: A large amount of isotonic saline solution (at least 2 times the volume to wash) must be added immediately after incubation to stop / dilute enzymatic activity.

6. Prepare a red blood cell suspension of approximately 1% (e.g. 10 µL of packed washed papainized-red blood cells in 1 mL isotonic saline solution)

Detecting of weak RhD (RH1) antigen with the use of IH-Anti-D (RH1) Blend

Prior to use prepare a red blood cell suspension of approximately 1% to be tested in IH-LISS Solution

• Transfer 1 mL of IH-LISS Solution to a labelled disposable tube
• Add 10 μL of red blood cell pellet
• Mix gently
• The red blood cell suspension is ready for use

Note: Red blood cell suspension should be used as soon as possible within 24 hours.

1. Allow reagents and samples to reach room temperature (18 to 25 °C) before
2. Inspect the condition of the cards before use (see Warnings and Precautions)
3. Label the gel card
4. Withdraw the entire foil seal from the card or from the individual microtubes to be used for Carefully peel off the aluminium foil to prevent cross-contamination of the microtube contents.

_ Note: _Once the foil has been removed from the microtubes, testing must be initiated to prevent drying of the gel.

5. Ensure the resuspension of the red blood cells before
6. Add 50 μL of red blood cell suspension (approximately 1%) into the appropriate wells of
7. Add 25 μL of IH-Anti-D (RH1) Blend into the appropriate wells of

Note: Carefully dispense the red blood cell suspension and reagent, avoiding contact of the pipette tip with the contents of the microtubes to prevent carryover.

8. Incubate for 15 to 20 minutes in the IH-Incubator L (with pre-set temperature).
9. Centrifuge in the IH-Centrifuge L or IH-Reader 24 at the pre-set conditions as determined by the
10. Read the reactions by visual inspection or automatically with the IH-Reader

INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS

For visual interpretation

• Positive result – Agglutinates (on the surface of or dispersed through the gel) or hemolysis (in case of serum test) with very few or no red blood cells in the gel column. Report as a positive test result if hemolysis is present in the microtube but not in the sample column. Red blood cells may remain suspended on the top of the gel or are dispersed throughout the gel in varying degrees. A few cells may form a button in the bottom of the microtube in some positive
• Negative result – A compact button of red blood cells at the bottom of the microtube is a negative test

Refer to the IH-System Interpretation Guide for additional information

Neg (-)| (?)| Positive (+/- and +)| Positive (++)| Positive (+++)| Positive (++++)| Positive Mixed Field (DP)|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---
Well Reaction Grade| Result Interpretation| Reaction Description
–| Negative| A compact, pellet of RBCs* with a smooth surface at the bottom of the well with no visible agglutination.
+/-| Blood Grouping◄ and Phenotyping including Anti-D Blend = Not interpretable For Reverse (serum) ABO Testing = Positive

Direct Antiglobulin Test, Antibody Detection, Autocontrol = Positive Antibody Identification = no overall result interpretation, only well result shown as +/-
For Crossmatching = Incompatible

| ****

A pellet of RBCs at the bottom of the well with a very few agglutinated RBCs visible above the pellet or an irregular pellet.

+| For Blood Grouping◄ and Phenotyping including Anti-D Blend = Not interpretable For Reverse (serum) ABO Testing = Positive
For Antibody Detection and DAT = Positive
For Antibody Identification = no overall result interpretation, only well result shown as positive For Crossmatching = Incompatible| A pellet of RBCs at the bottom of the well with agglutinated RBCs visible in the lower half of the gel column.
++| For Blood Grouping◄ and Phenotyping including Anti-D Blend = Positive For Reverse (serum) ABO Testing = Positive
For Antibody Detection and DAT = Positive
For Antibody Identification = no overall result interpretation, only well result shown as positive For Crossmatching = Incompatible| Agglutinated RBCs distributed throughout the entire length of the gel column, with no line of RBCs on the top of the well.
+++| For Blood Grouping◄ and Phenotyping including Anti-D Blend = Positive For Reverse (serum) ABO Testing = Positive
For Antibody Detection and DAT = Positive
For Antibody Identification = no overall result interpretation, only well result shown as positive For Crossmatching = Incompatible| Most agglutinated RBCs concentrated at the top of the gel or upper half of the gel column.
++++| For Blood Grouping◄ and Phenotyping including Anti-D Blend = Positive For Reverse (serum) ABO Testing = Positive
For Antibody Detection and DAT = Positive
For Antibody Identification = no overall result interpretation, only well result shown as positive For Crossmatching = Incompatible| Agglutinated RBCs concentrated as a line on the top of the gel column with a few agglutinated RBCs just underneath the gel surface.
Mixed Field (DP)| Blood Grouping◄ and Phenotyping including Anti-D Blend = Not interpretable For Reverse (serum) ABO Testing = Positive
Direct Antiglobulin Test, Antibody Detection, Autocontrol = Positive Antibody Identification = no overall result interpretation, only well result shown as DP
For Crossmatching = Incompatible| Agglutinated RBCs as a line at the top of the gel or dispersed in upper part of the gel and non-agglutinated RBCs forming a pellet at the bottom of the well. The instrument interpretation software displays “DP” (double population) for a mixed field result.
?| For Blood Grouping including Reverse ABO Testing◄ and Phenotyping including Anti-D Blend, Antibody Detection and Identification, Direct Antiglobulin Testing = Not interpretable For Cross matching = Incompatible| Ambiguous result.
---|---|---

For automated reading

Below is a description of the various reaction grades and how the software uses that well reaction to determine the result interpretation. Please refer to the IH-Reader 24 User Manual or IH-1000, IH-500 and IH-Com User Manual U.S. for further information.

Well Reaction Grade| Result Interpretation| Reaction Description
---|---|---
–| Negative| A compact, pellet of RBCs* with a smooth surface at the bottom of the well with no visible agglutination.
+/-| Blood Grouping◄ and Phenotyping including Anti-D Blend = Not interpretable For Reverse (serum) ABO Testing = Positive
Direct Antiglobulin Test, Antibody Detection, Autocontrol = Positive Antibody Identification = no overall result interpretation, only well result shown as +/-
For Crossmatching = Incompatible| A pellet of RBCs at the bottom of the well with a very few agglutinated RBCs visible above the pellet or an irregular pellet.
+| For Blood Grouping◄ and Phenotyping including Anti-D Blend = Not interpretable For Reverse (serum) ABO Testing = Positive
For Antibody Detection and DAT = Positive
For Antibody Identification = no overall result interpretation, only well result shown as positive For Crossmatching = Incompatible| A pellet of RBCs at the bottom of the well with agglutinated RBCs visible in the lower half of the gel column.
++| For Blood Grouping◄ and Phenotyping including Anti-D Blend = Positive For Reverse (serum) ABO Testing = Positive
For Antibody Detection and DAT = Positive
For Antibody Identification = no overall result interpretation, only well result shown as positive For Crossmatching = Incompatible| Agglutinated RBCs distributed throughout the entire length of the gel column, with no line of RBCs on the top of the well.
+++| For Blood Grouping◄ and Phenotyping including Anti-D Blend = Positive For Reverse (serum) ABO Testing = Positive
For Antibody Detection and DAT = Positive
For Antibody Identification = no overall result interpretation, only well result shown as positive For Crossmatching = Incompatible| Most agglutinated RBCs concentrated at the top of the gel or upper half of the gel column.
++++| For Blood Grouping◄ and Phenotyping including Anti-D Blend = Positive For Reverse (serum) ABO Testing = Positive
For Antibody Detection and DAT = Positive
For Antibody Identification = no overall result interpretation, only well result shown as positive For Crossmatching = Incompatible| Agglutinated RBCs concentrated as a line on the top of the gel column with a few agglutinated RBCs just underneath the gel surface.
Mixed Field (DP)| Blood Grouping◄ and Phenotyping including Anti-D Blend = Not interpretable For Reverse (serum) ABO Testing = Positive
Direct Antiglobulin Test, Antibody Detection, Autocontrol = Positive Antibody Identification = no overall result interpretation, only well result shown as DP
For Crossmatching = Incompatible| Agglutinated RBCs as a line at the top of the gel or dispersed in upper part of the gel and non-agglutinated RBCs forming a pellet at the bottom of the well. The instrument interpretation software displays “DP” (double population) for a mixed field result.
?| For Blood Grouping including Reverse ABO Testing◄ and Phenotyping including Anti-D Blend, Antibody Detection and Identification, Direct Antiglobulin Testing = Not interpretable For Crossmatching = Incompatible| Ambiguous result.

• RBCs = Red Blood Cells

  • When recording the reactions, ensure that the lot number of the Antigen Profile corresponds with the lot number of the Reagent Red Blood Cells used for
  • Identification of the antibody present in the serum or plasma may be made by matching the reactions obtained with the Antigen Profile furnished with the If the antibody specificity is not evident, testing with additional cells may be required.
  • In case of complete or partial hemolysis (pinkish supernatant and/or gel) in microtubes, the interpretation should be positive if there is no problem of cell collection and/or handling of the

STABILITY OF REACTIONS

For visual reading of reactions, best results are obtained within six (6) hours of centrifugation. Interpretation may be affected by drying of the gel, hemolysis of red blood cells and slanting of reaction patterns due to storage in a non-upright position. Processed cards that are stored in the refrigerator (2 to 8°C) and properly sealed to protect from evaporation may be interpreted for up to one (1) day. Gel cards should not be interpreted after the first sign of drying, or if hemolysis is observed. The age and condition of red blood cells, as well as the temperature at which the card is stored, will affect how long cards can be stored. The presence of sodium azide in the gel may cause the red blood cells to become dark in color over time. This darkening does not interfere with the test result.

QUALITY CONTROL

On each day of use, the reactivity of antiglobulin reagents should be confirmed by testing with known positive and negative samples. The IH-Card AHG Anti-IgG is satisfactory for use if negative and positive samples react as expected.

LIMITATIONS

• Erroneous and abnormal results may be caused by:
• Bacterial or chemical contamination of the serum, plasma, red blood cells or
• Patient medication or disease yielding a cross-reaction.
• A red blood cell concentration or suspension medium different from that
• Incomplete re-suspension of the red blood
• Sample or Reagent Red Blood Cell hemolysis prior to
• Contamination between microtubes through pipetting
• Use of procedure other than the one described
• Grossly icteric,hemolytic or lipemic blood samples, blood samples with abnormally high concentrations of protein or blood samples from patients who have received plasma expanders of high molecular weight may give false positive or questionable results. Icteric blood samples may cause difficulty in interpretation, and test results should be used with
• Fibrin, clots, particulates or other artifacts may cause some red blood cells to be trapped at the top of the gel and may cause an anomalous result. They may appear as a pinkish In a negative reaction the false appearance of a mixed field could lead to misinterpretation.
• A weak reaction is not an expected result for antigen typing and may be indicative of a false positive or weak/partial expression of the antigen. Further investigations may be warranted per site specific
• If red blood cells (pellet at the bottom of the microtube) are too low in concentration they become difficult to visualize, and, in certain cases, a weak positive reaction can fail to be detected.
• The performance characteristics of this reagent have not been established with chemically modified, frozen/thawed or enzyme treated red blood cells with the exception of IH- Anti-D Frozen/thawed red blood cells may be used with the IH-Anti-D Blend reagent in conjunction with IH-Card AHG Anti-IgG.
• Test results obtained in the Indirect Antiglobulin Test should be carefully evaluated when patient or donor IgG-coated red blood cells are
• Negative Direct Antiglobulin Test results do not necessarily rule out hemolytic disease of the fetus or newborn (HDFN), especially if ABO incompatibility is suspected as the
• Rare antibodies, notably anti-Jka or anti-Jkb, may be detected only when polyspecific Anti-Human Globulin is used and when active complement is
• Negative reaction will be obtained if red blood cells used for testing contains antigens which shows only a weak expression or have only a partial expression due of an antigen
• Negative reactions will be obtained if the sample contains antibodies present in concentrations too low to be detected by the test method No test method is capable of detecting all red cell antibodies.
• Some conditions that may cause false positive results are:
• Contamination of sample or reagents
• Autoantibodies
• Improper storage or preparation of red blood cells
• Antibodies to antibiotics or other reagents
• Cold antibodies

Please refer to the IH-Reader 24 User Manual or IH-1000, IH-500 and IH-Com User Manual U.S. for instrument specific assay limitations.

SPECIFIC PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS

The final release testing is performed according to the product specific Standard Operating Procedures. As part of the lot release process, each lot of Bio-Rad Reagent is tested against antigen positive and negative samples to ensure suitable reactivity.

Performance characteristics using the IH-1000

A multi-center clinical trial, which included testing at four different US clinical sites and an internal site, was conducted to evaluate the performance of IH-Card AHG Anti-IgG. The clinical trial included testing of patient and donor samples. The positive and negative percent agreements were calculated for the Bio-Rad IH-Card AHG Anti-IgG in comparison to the FDA-licensed reference reagents. Additional internal studies have been performed with well- characterized and/or contrived samples to evaluate the performance of IH-Card AHG Anti-IgG when tested on the IH-1000. The clinical trial results of positive percent agreement and negative percent agreement, , as well as the one-sided Exact 95% Lower Confidence Limit (LCL), are listed in the data table below. Also included are the percent agreements and LCL for the additional testing with well-characterized and/or contrived samples. Note: See the IH-1000 User Manual
U.S. and IH-Com User Manual U.S. for more information on verification of results.

Results from Clinical Trials

Test| **| Negative
Agreement N| Negative Agreement
(one-sided Exact 95% LCL)| Positive
Agreement N| Positive Agreement
(one-sided Exact 95% LCL)**
---|---|---|---|---|---
Antibody Detection| | 4,599| 98.39% (98.05%)| 166| 93.98% (90.00%)
Antibody Identification| | 432| 90.74% (88.12%)| 321| 95.02% (92.53%)
DAT| | 586| 96.76% (95.28%)| 58| 96.55% (89.54%)
IAT Crossmatch| | 467| 91.86% (89.47%)| 152| 98.68% (95.92%)

Results from In-House Studywith well-characterized and/or contrived samples

Test| Negative
Agreement N| Negative Agreement
(one-sided Exact 95% LCL)| Positive
Agreement N| Positive Agreement
(one-sided Exact 95% LCL)
---|---|---|---|---
Antibody Detection| Not Tested| NA| 192| 100% (98.45%)
Antibody Identification| 709| 97.46% (96.26%)| 126| 100% (97.65%)
DAT| Not Tested| NA| 67| 100% (95.63%)
IAT Crossmatch| 301| 100%       (99.01%)| Not Tested| NA

NA = not applicable Agreement between the methods does not imply which method obtained the correct result. The above results do not reflect any discrepancy resolution between the methods. Reproducibility was evaluated at two external sites and one internal site by testing a reproducibility panel according to the following scheme: one lot of reagent x 3 sites x 1 operator x 5 non- consecutive days x 2 runs x 2 replicates over a period of 20 days using the IH-1000 Analyzer. Reproducibility was demonstrated for the IH-Card AHG Anti- IgG within runs, between runs and between sites.
A precision study was conducted internally using three reagent lots x 5 non- consecutive days x 2 runs x 2 replicates over a period of 20 days using the IH-1000 Analyzer. Precision was demonstrated with all three lots of IH-Card AHG Anti-IgG.

Performance characteristics using the IH-500

A multi-center clinical trial, which included testing at three different US clinical sites and an internal site, was conducted to evaluate the performance of IH-Card AHG Anti-IgG. The clinical trial included testing of patient and donor samples. The positive and negative percent agreements were calculated for the Bio-Rad IH-Card AHG Anti-IgG in comparison to the FDA licensed reference reagents. Additional internal studies have been performed with well- characterized and contrived samples to evaluate the performance of IH-Card AHG Anti-IgG when tested using IH-500. Results of the positive percent agreement and negative percent agreement, with the one-sided Exact 95% Lower Confidence Limit (LCL) are listed in the data table below. Note: See the IH-500 User Manual U.S. and IH-COM User Manual U.S. for more information on verification of results.

Results from Clinical Trials

Test| Sample type| Negative
Agreement N| Negative Agreement
(one-sided Exact 95% LCL)| Positive
Agreement N| Positive Agreement
(one-sided Exact 95% LCL)
---|---|---|---|---|---
Antibody Detection| Random samples| 846| 98.82% (98.00%)| 104| 85.58%
(78.66%)
Antibody Detection| Known Ab pos| 41| 75.00% (24.86%)| 266| 100%
(98.88%)
Antibody Detection| All samples| 850| 98.71% (97.87%)| 370| 95.95%
(93.83%)
Antibody Identification with untreated panel| Known Ab pos| NA| NA| 232| 100%
(98.72%)
Antibody Identification with Papain treated panel| Known Ab pos| NA| NA| 148| 100%
(98.00%)
DAT| Random samples| 440| 100%                 (99.32%)| 10| 30.00%
(8.73%)
DAT| Known DAT pos| 1| 100%                   (5.00%)| 99| 100%
(97.02%)
IAT Crossmatch| | 480| 99.38%                (98.39%)| 450| 98.89%
(97.68%)

NA = Not Applicable

1. Three (3) samples enrolled in the study as known antibody positive were negative by both the investigational and reference method during study testing. Historical results were used to determine the antibody status in the inventory samples and were not repeated prior to enrollment in the study. It was unknown if the titer of the antibody had dropped and if the antibody was still detectable after thawing and enrollment in this study.

Results from In-House Study with well-characterized and contrived samples

Test| Sample type| Negative Agreement N| Negative Agreement (one-sided Exact 95% LCL)| Positive Agreement N| Positive Agreement (one-sided Exact 95% LCL)
---|---|---|---|---|---
Antibody Detection| Random samples| Not tested| NA| Not tested| NA
Antibody Detection| Known Ab pos| Not tested| NA| Not tested| NA
Antibody Detection| All samples| Not tested| NA| Not tested| NA
Antibody Identification with untreated panel| Known Ab pos| 60| 100% (95.13%)| 60| 100% (95.13%)
Antibody Identification with

Papain treated panel

| Known Ab pos| 60| 91.67% (83.27%)| Not tested| NA
DAT| Random samples| Not tested| NA| 65| 100% (95.50%)
DAT| Known DAT pos| Not tested| NA| 65| 100% (95.50%)
IAT Crossmatch| | 300| 100% (99.01%)| 314| 100% (99.05%)

NA = Not Applicable

Agreement between the methods does not imply which method obtained the correct result. The above results do not reflect any discrepancy resolution between the methods.

Reproducibility was evaluated at three external sites and one internal site by testing a reproducibility panel according to the following scheme: one lot of reagent x 3 sites x 1 operators x 5 non-consecutive days x 2 runs x 2 replicates over a period of 20 days. Reproducibility for the IH-Card AHG Anti- IgG using the IH-500 was demonstrated within runs, between runs and between sites.

Performance characteristics for manual testing

A multi-center clinical trial, which included testing at five different US clinical sites and an internal site, was conducted to evaluate the performance of IH-Card AHG Anti-IgG. The clinical trial included testing of patient and donor samples. The positive and negative percent agreements were calculated for the Bio-Rad IH-Card AHG Anti-IgG in comparison to the FDA licensed reference reagents. Additional internal studies have been performed with well- characterized samples to evaluate the performance of IH-Card AHG Anti-IgG when tested manually using IH-Centrifuge L and IH-Incubator L. The clinical trial results of positive percent agreement and negative percent agreement, as well as the one-sided Exact 95% Lower Confidence Limit (LCL), are listed in the data table below.

Results from Clinical Trials

Test| Negative
Agreement N| Negative Agreement
(one-sided Exact 95% LCL)| Positive
Agreement N| Positive Agreement
(one-sided Exact 95% LCL)
---|---|---|---|---
Antibody Detection| 1,295| 97.92% (97.14%)| 373| 98.93% (97.56%)
Antibody Identification with untreated panel| 636| 97.80% (96.58%)| 259| 95.75% (93.07%)
Antibody Identification with Papain treated panel| 224| 99.11% (97.22%)| 99| 74.75% (66.55%)
DAT| 249| 98.80% (96.92%)| 139| 100%       (97.87%)
IAT Crossmatch| 231| 99.57% (97.96%)| 312| 98.40% (96.66%)

Results from In-House Studywith well-characterized samples

Test| Negative

Agreement N

| Negative Agreement

(one-sided Exact 95% LCL)

| Positive

Agreement N

| Positive Agreement

(one-sided Exact 95% LCL)

---|---|---|---|---
Antibody Detection| Not Tested| NA| Not Tested| NA
Antibody Identification with untreated panel| Not Tested| NA| 61| 100% (95.21%)
Antibody Identification with Papain treated panel| Not Tested| NA| 61| 100% (95.21%)
DAT| Not Tested| NA| Not Tested| NA
IAT Crossmatch| 344| 100% (99.13%)| 320| 100% (99.07%)

NA = Not Applicable

Agreement between the methods does not imply which method obtained the correct result. The above results do not reflect any discrepancy resolution between the methods. Reproducibility was evaluated at three external sites by testing a reproducibility panel according to the following scheme: one lot of reagent x 3 sites x 2 operators x 5 non- consecutive days x 2 runs x 2 replicates over a period of 20 days. Reproducibility for the IH-Card AHG Anti-IgG using the IH-Centrifuge L and IH-Incubator L was demonstrated within runs, between runs and between sites.

Performance characteristics using the IH-Reader 24

A multi-center clinical trial, which included testing at five different US clinical sites and an internal site, was conducted to evaluate the performance of IH-Card AHG Anti-IgG. The clinical trial included testing of patient and donor samples. The positive and negative percent agreements were calculated for the Bio-Rad IH-Card AHG Anti-IgG in comparison to the FDA licensed reference reagents. Additional internal studies have been performed with well- characterized samples to evaluate the performance of IH-Card AHG Anti-IgG when tested manually using IH-Reader 24. Results of the positive percent agreement and negative percent agreement, with the one-sided Exact 95% Lower Confidence Limit (LCL) are listed in the data table below. Note: See the IH-Reader 24 User Manual and IH-COM User Manual U.S. for more information on verification of results.

Results from Clinical Trials

Test| Negative
Agreement N| Negative Agreement
(one-sided Exact 95% LCL)| Positive
Agreement N| Positive Agreement
(one-sided Exact 95% LCL)
---|---|---|---|---
Antibody Detection| 1,288| 97.36% (96.50%)| 322| 99.38% (98.06%)
Antibody Identification with untreated panel| 622| 96.62% (95.17%)| 197| 93.40% (89.17%)
Antibody Identification with Papain treated panel| 247| 95.95% (93.23%)| 74| 87.84% (79.74%)
DAT| 253| 96.84% (94.37%)| 157| 100%       (98.11%)
IAT Crossmatch| 260| 98.85% (97.04%)| 130| 99.23% (96.40%)

Results from In-House Studywith well-characterized samples

Test| Negative
Agreement N| Negative Agreement
(one-sided Exact 95% LCL)| Positive
Agreement N| Positive Agreement
(one-sided Exact 95% LCL)
---|---|---|---|---
Antibody Detection| Not Tested| NA| Not Tested| NA
Antibody Identification with untreated panel| 94| 98.94% (94.48%)| 60| 100% (95.13%)
Antibody Identification with Papain treated panel| 94| 98.94% (94.48%)| 60| 100% (95.13%)
DAT| Not Tested| NA| Not Tested| NA
IAT Crossmatch| 300| 100%      (99.01%)| 300| 100% (99.01%)

NA = Not Applicable
*Sixty (60) well-characterized samples were tested in an initial stage and 34 samples in a second stage, due to one observed discrepant result in the initial stage. Agreement between the methods does not imply which method obtained the correct result. The above results do not reflect any discrepancy resolution between the methods. Reproducibility was evaluated at three external sites by testing a reproducibility panel according to the following scheme: one lot of reagent x 3 sites x 2 operators x 5 non- consecutive days x 2 runs x 2 replicates over a period of 20 days. Reproducibility for the IH- Card AHG Anti-IgG using the IH-Reader 24 was demonstrated within runs, between runs and between sites.

For technical support or further product information, contact Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc at 800-224-6723.

GLOSSARY OF SYMBOLS

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Moreschi Neue Tatsache über die Blutkörperchen Agglutinationen. Zbl Bakt. 1908; 46:49,456.
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9. Voak Coordinated report of studies on monoclonal antibodies to complement. Rev Fr Transf Immunohematolol. 1988; XXXI:367-376.
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14. Salmon Ch, Cartron JP, Rouger Les groupes sanguins chez l’homme. 2e ed. Masson. 1991.
15. Pottier C, Quillet P, Baufine-Ducroq Gel-test : Interpretation and value of a new technique for the detection of irregular antibodies. Ann Bio Clin. 1992; 50:679-685.
16. Deffune E, Le Pennec PY, Lascaux JM, Rouger Ph. Méthode d’étude des réactifs anti-complément : utilisation d’hématies sensibilisées congelées/décongelées. Rev Fr Transfus 1992; 35:299-309
17. Burin des Rosiers N, Nasr O. Recherche des anticorps irréguliers érythrocytaires par la méthode du geltest.Analyse de 35882 échantillons. Rev Fr Transfus Hemobiol. 1993; 36:391-399
18. International What is the best technique for the detection of red cell alloantibodies. Vox Sang. 1995;69:292-300.
19. Issitt Applied Blood Group Serology. 4th ed. Miami: Montgomery Scientific Publications, 1998.
20. John D, Roback MD et Technical Manual 17th Edition, Bethesda, MA: AABB, 2011.

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