KONUS STAR-10 Land Compass Instruction Manual
- June 5, 2024
- KONUS
Table of Contents
Instruction Bullet
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INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE OF COMPASS LET’S USE THE LAND COMPASS
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Graduated metric scale
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360° pivoting dial
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Wind rose
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North line with the north
WOW -
Glass
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Distance-measuring notches
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Aiming line
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Cover
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Case
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Hide
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Reading lens or prism
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Holding ring
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Level bubble
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Thread and tripod
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Central support
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Reading adjustable eyepiece
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Clinometer
MOUNTING INSTRUCTIONS
Remove the compass from its case, and lift the cover (8) with the aiming line (7) until it is at 90° from its original position. Later, through the aiming line (7) and the slit over the reading lens/prism, (fig. 2) aim at an object at a 100mt distance. Adjust the position of the prism or lens until you see distinctly the numbers of the wind rose. In models with the adjustable eyepiece, the barrel (16) must be rotated until numbers in degree are clearly visible.
HOW TO DEFINE THE VALUE OF MARCHING DIRECTION
With your compass in reading position (see point A), aim at one object, sighting it through the notch over the reading system and the aiming line 7) (according to the models, it can be a lens, a prism, or the eyepiece) Now read the value of your marching direction on the wind rose which also corresponds to the azimuth of the object.
HOW TO FOLLOW THE VALUE OF THE MARCHING DIRECTION YOU
DEFINED
If the value of the marching direction is known, look through the reading
system and turn around until said value appears on the graduated dial.
MAP ORIENTATION
For more complicated operations to be carried out on the topographic map, it
is necessary to orientate the geographic north of the map with that magnetic
of the earth. Therefore, align the centimeter-marked line with the meridian
closest to your position, so that the upper cover points to the north of the
geographic map.
Meridians are parallel lines running from the upper to the lower part of the
map. Holding the compass in position, rotate the map until the north-seeking
needle coincides with the notch on the glass. The map is now or ented with
the ground.
LET’S DEFINE THE MARCHING DIRECTION ON THE MAP
a. After you aligned your map with the north pole, draw a line on the map
starting from your position to your final destination.
b. Open the compass and put the centimeter-market side of the compass on the
above line so that the marker on the compass glass indicates the direction of
the objective.
For models supplied without o centimeter-marked scale, follow the alignment between the aiming line (7) and the notch (close to the reading lens/prism). Make sure the phosphorescent arrow on the gloss coincides with the north- seeking needle located on the dial.
a. Read the value of marching direction which corresponds to the line marking
the glass.
b. Remove the compass from the map, look through the reading system and turn
around until the value of your marching direction (defined as described under
point
c) will appear. Find an auxiliary destination point that must be on the same
survey line and start following d. Repeat this operation until you reach your
final destination.
The longer your route, the more you have to repeat the above operation which
will help you keep the direction you defined.
LET’S DEFINE OUR POSITION ON THE
MAP
Select two well visible points on the ground and mark them on the map. Once
the map is orientated, with your compass (fig. 4) measure the value in the
degree of position (A) and draw a line on the map in accordance with said
value. Now pass through point A, and repeat the operation for the second point
(B). The intersection of the two lines indicates the position of the observer
on the map.
LET’S USE THE CLINOMETER
The clinometer is an instrument allowing the measuring of differences in height and slopes. It can be pendular or automatic. Open the compass as shown in fig. 2c. Release the pendulum from its lock. Aim at the upper (or inferior) edge of your target by means of the reading lens/prism (inferior side) and the marker (lower segment) (7). Pay attention as to creating one single line. The more you lilt your compass, the more the clinometer changes its position. Aim at the target and tilt the compass on the clinometer side so that the pendulum stops and the value in degree (%) can be easily read. Should the object be located inferiorly to the observer, aim at it by viewing through the upper part of the cover.
TABLE FOR CALCULATE
I
Angle
-360
| II
Angle
0-6400| III
Angle
0-400| IV
Pendence
0|
V
Height distance
---|---|---|---|---
1| 18| 1| 2| 1/6
2| 35| 2| 3| 1/30
3| 53| 3| 5| 1/20
4| 71| 4| 7| 2/30
5| 89| 5| 9| 7/80
6| 107| 6| 10| 1/10
7| 125| 8| 12| 1/8
8| 142| 9| 15| 1/7
1C| 178| 11| 18| 1/6
12| 219| 13| 21| 1/5
14| 250| 16| 25| 1/4
17| 302| 19| 30| 3/10
18| 320| 20| 33| 1/3
20| 355| 22| 36| 3/8
22| 391| 25| 40| 2/5
24| 426| 27| 45| 4/9
27| 480| 30| 50| 1/2
31| 551| 35| 60| 3/5
34| 604| 38| 66| 2/3
35| 622| 39| 70| 7/10
37| 658| 41| 75| 3/4
40| 711| 45| 84| 5/6
42| 747| 47| 90| 9/10
45| 800| 50| 100| 1/1
50| 889| 56| 120| 1+1/5
I
Angle
0-360| II
Angle
0-6400| III
Angle
0-400| IV
Pendence
%| V
Height distance
THE HEIGHT OF AN OBJECT
Calculate the injection line degrees or percentage) refer to the first (I)
column of the table and search for the relevant value of fad (IV) and fifth
(V) column. Once you know the distance, you can calculate the height of the
object. Example (fig. 7), an object 4000m away with an inclination of 14°:
D) HOW TO MEASURE THE DISTANCE ON THE GROUND
In accordance with the principle mentioned under point c), it is possible
to define the distance on the ground between two well-visible points on the
ground. For example, you can measure the width of a farmhouse, the length of a
bridge, etc. There is one necessary condition to measure the distance from
your own position to that of the object: the line running from these two
positions must be as perpendicular as possible to the side of the object to be
measured.
MEASURE OF THE ANGLE
Measures the right side of the object. The wind rose, by oscillating, will
immediately go in its correct position! on. Keeping in mind the value in the
degree that you defined, slowly orientate the compass towards the left side of
the object. From the first value in degree deduct the second value you just
defined The difference represents the value in the degree of the angle between
the left and right sides of the object.
N.B. : Measure the angle through the north If the value 3600 (north) comes across the reading system during your measuring ope-ration, consider 360’=0′ The calculation will be: 360°- second value in degree + first value in degree. If the first value in degree is 4 and the second is 354, the angle is 10. Example fig. 8 Once the value in degree has been calculated (ex. 3) and the distance is known (zoom) According to columns I and II the width will be 1/20 of the distance: 3′) = 1/20 of 2000 tti. = 100 m. or according to the table: 3″ = of 2000 m. = 100 m.
MEASURE OF THE DISTANCE OF AN OBJECT, THE HEIGHT AND/OR WIDTH OF WHICHARE KNOWN If the height or width of an object is known or drawn from a map, its distance will be defined by simply inverting the calculation mentioned above. In other words, if the width of an object with an angle of 8 is 1/7 of the distance according to the table, the same will be vice versa, that is the distance is 7 times wider than the width or height.
MEASURING THE DISTANCE WITH SCALE-MARKED GLASS
- Aiming Pine
- Horizontal line with measuring notches
- Measuring line
- First object
- Second object
The gloss cover of some models, in addition to the aiming line, is provided with notches that allow you to measure the distance from an object when the distance between the target and another visible object on some level of the observers is known. Start by counting how many notches (2) run between two targets on the horizontal line of the glass. Each notch is worth 10 units. Divide the distance in meters by the number of units and multiply by 1000. For example, if the distance between two objects is 36m and the notches on the glass are 12 the result will be: 12 notches x 10 = 120 units
When the two targets are exactly on the measuring line (3), multiply by 10 the distance in meters between the two objects.
WARNING! In superior quality compasses, the oscillation of the needle is stabilized by the liquid in which it is totally dipped. Strong variations in temperature or pressure can cause the formation of small air bubbles around the wind rose. These bubbles do not interfere with the compass functioning and, under normal temperature conditions, they will disappear in 24-48 hours. Avoid anyhow using the compass at temperatures much under 0′ centigrade. Make sure to be always far from magnetic fields created by iron parts, magnetic cores, or electric wires which cause the compass to show wrong values. Prevent your instrument from falling or getting damaged and never tamper it (so as to keep your guarantee always valid).