DIODES AP3917B Evaluation Board User Guide

DIODES AP3917B Evaluation Board

Product Information

Specifications

• Input Voltage Range: Universal 85V to 265V AC
• Output Voltage: 12V
• Output Current: 120mA
• Output Power: 1.44W
• Topology: Non-isolated buck
• MOSFET: Internal MOSFET 650V (16)
• Standby Power Consumption: Low

Product Usage Instructions

Power Supply Specification
The system performance of the AP3917B EV1 Evaluation Board is optimized for universal AC input voltage range and provides efficient power conversion with low standby power consumption.

Schematic and Bill of Material
The schematic and bill of material provide detailed information on the components used in the evaluation board for reference and troubleshooting purposes.

The Evaluation Board Connections
The PCB layout and circuit description sections help in understanding the connections, input EMI filtering, control IC, output rectification, and feedback mechanisms of the board.

Quick Start Guide
Follow the quick start guide for easy setup and initial testing of the evaluation board.

Key Performance Test
Perform key performance tests including start-up performance, rise time, voltage stress, output ripple & noise, and dynamic response to ensure proper functionality.

Protection Test
Conduct protection tests for short circuit protection, open loop detection, and overload protection to validate the safety features of the board.

Thermal Test
Execute thermal tests to assess the temperature management capabilities of the board under different operating conditions.

System EMI Scan
Perform system EMI scans to evaluate the conducted EMI at full load for both 230V and 110V input voltages.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

• Q: What is the maximum output power of the AP3917B EV1 Evaluation Board?
  A: The maximum output power is up to 2W.

• Q: What is the input voltage range supported by the evaluation board?
  A: The board supports a universal input voltage range from 85V to 265V AC.

Introduction

General Description
AP3917B is an off-line universal AC Voltage input step-down regulator that provides accurate constant voltage (CV), outstanding low standby power, light loading efficiency and dynamics performance based on non-isolated buck topology. The AP3917B EV1 Evaluation Board provides a good design example for a cost-effective 1.44W single output 12V@120mA power application useful in home appliance powers.

AP3917B Key Features

• Universal 85V to 265V VAC Input
• Internal MOSFET 650V (16Ω)
• Maximum output Current: 170mA typ.@5V output
• Up to 2W Output Power
• Low Standby Power Consumption (<30mW at no loading)
• High Light Loading Efficiency and average efficiency can meet DOE IV and CoC V5 Tier 2
• Frequency Modulation to suppress EMI to meet EN55022 and FCC part 15 class B
• Rich Protection including OTP, OLP, OLD, SCP
• Extremely low system component count
• Totally Lead-free & Fully RoHS Compliant (SO-7)
• Halogen and Antimony Free. “Green” Device

Applications

• Non-Isolated Home Appliances include: AC Fans, Rice cookers, Air conditioners, Coffee Machines, Soy Milk Machines, etc.
• Auxiliary Power to IoT Devices.

Board Pictures

Power Supply Specification

system performance
The system performance included in and output characters, specifications, EMC, protection, etc.

Input characters
Input AC voltage rating| 100V/60Hz| 115/230| 240V/50Hz|

Two wires, no PE

Input AC voltage range| 85V/60Hz| –| 265V/50Hz
Input AC frequency range| 47Hz| 50/60| 63Hz
Output characters
Output voltage| 11.4V| 12V| 12.6V| Tested at board terminal
Output tolerance| –|  | ±5%
Loading current| 0| –| 120| mA
Performance Specifications
Standby power| –| 25.0| 30mW| @230V/50Hz

Efficiency standard

| 10% load eff.| 59.42%| 69.93%| –| DoE VI: 69.39%

CoC V5 tier 2: 69.42%/59.42%

Avg. eff.| 69.42%| 83.15/79.41%| –
Load regulation| –| ±1.17%| ±5%| Tested at board terminal
Line regulation| –| ±0.18%| ±2%| Tested at board terminal
Ripple & Noise| –| 90mV| 100mV| @full load and full voltage range
Startup time| –| 41ms| 50ms| 85V/60Hz
EMC Test

ESD test

| Air| 15kV| –| –|

@100ohm concrete resistor

Contact| 8kV| –| –
EFT test| 2kV| –| –| ±5kHz/100kHz
Surge Test| 1kV| –| –| Differential mode, 2ohm, 1.2/50us
Conducted EMI| 110V| 6dB margin| –| –| FCC Part 15 Class B
230V| 6dB margin| –| –| EN55032
Protection Functions
SCP test| –| –|  | OK
OLD test| –| –| –| OK
OLP test| –| 8.2V| –| OK
OTP test| 135℃| 150℃| 165℃| OK

Environment

• Operation temperature: -20℃~85℃
• Operation Humidity: 20%~90% R.H.
• Storage temperature: 0~40℃
• Storage Humidity: 0%~95% R.H.

Schematic and Bill of Material

Schematic

Bill of Material
Table 1: Bill of Material

The Evaluation Board Connections

PCB Layout

Circuit Description

• Input EMI Filtering
  The input stage is composed of fusible resistor F1, rectifier bridge DB1, filtering inductor L1, Capacitors C1 and C2. Resistor F1 is a flame proof, fusible, wire-wound resistor. It limits inrush current to safe levels for input rectifier diodes, provides differential mode noise reduction and acts as an input fuse in the event of short circuit.

• Control IC
  AP3917C co-packages a 650V power MOSFET and control circuitry into a cost- effective SO-7 package. The device is self-starting from the Drain pin with local supply decoupling provided by a small capacitor C4 (at least 100nF) connected to the BP pin when AC source is applied.

• Output Rectification
  During the ON time of U1, current ramps in L2 and is simultaneously delivered to the load. During the OFF time the inductor current ramps down via the free- wheeling diode D1, feedback diode D2, and the load. Diode D1 should be an ultra-fast diodes (Trr<50ns or lower). Capacitor C4 should be selected to have an adequate ripple margin (low ESR type).

• Output Feedback
  The voltage across L2 is rectified by C5 and D2 during the off-time of U1. For forward voltage drop of D1 and D2 is approximately equal, the voltage across C5 tracks the output voltage. To provide a feedback signal, the voltage across C5 is divided by R1 and R2. This voltage is specified for U1 at FB pin (2.5V). This allows the simple feedback to meet the required overall output tolerance of ±5% at rated output current.

Quick Start Guide

1. The evaluation board is preset at 12V/175mA from output.
2. Ensure that the AC source is switched OFF or disconnected before doing connection.
3. Connect the AC line wires of power supply to “L” & “N” connectors on the left side of the board.
4. Turn on the AC main switch.
5. Measure “+V” & “GND” connectors to ensure correct output voltage, 12V.
   CAUTION: This EV board is non-isolated. Do not touch anywhere there are electrical connections because they are all coupled to high voltage potential.

System Test

Input & Output Characteristics

1. Input Standby Power
   Standby power and output voltage is measured after 10 minutes of aging. The voltage data is tested at the PCB terminal. All data is tested at ambient temperature.
   Table 2: Standby Power at no load Target Output VoltageInput Voltage| Pin (mW)| Vo (V)
   ---|---|---
   85V/60Hz| 18.2| 12.060
   115V/60Hz| 18.8| 12.052
   230V/50Hz| 22.6| 12.039

2. Efficiency
   The efficiency data is measured after 10 minutes of aging, and it is tested at the PCB terminal. All the data is tested at ambient temperature.
   Table 3: Efficiency Measurement AC input

voltage

| Items| 10%| 25%| 50%| 75%| 100%| Avg. Eff.
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---

115V/60Hz

| Vo (V)| 12.010| 11.889| 11.822| 11.770| 11.984|

83.15

Io (A)| 0.012| 0.030| 0.060| 0.090| 0.120
Pin (W)| 0.185| 0.434| 0.852| 1.268| 1.720
Efficiency (%)| 77.90| 82.18| 83.25| 83.54| 83.61

230V/50Hz

| Vo (V)| 12.005| 11.867| 11.803| 11.765| 11.732|

79.41

Io (A)| 0.012| 0.030| 0.060| 0.090| 0.120
Pin (W)| 0.206| 0.464| 0.890| 1.315| 1.742
 | Efficiency (%)| 69.93| 76.72| 79.57| 80.52| 80.82|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---

3. Line and Load Regulation
   The line and load regulation data is measured after 10 minutes of aging. The voltage data is tested at the PCB terminal. All the data is tested at ambient temperature.
   Table 4: Line and Load Regulation Data AC input voltage| Loading(mA)
   ---|---
   0| 10| 20| 30| 40| 50| 60
   85V/60Hz| 12.060| 12.053| 12.016| 11.997| 11.965| 11.936| 11.913
   115V/60Hz| 12.052| 12.054| 12.014| 11.985| 11.962| 11.937| 11.912
   230V/50Hz| 12.039| 12.035| 11.993| 11.967| 11.943| 11.933| 11.904
   265V/50Hz| 12.041| 12.036| 11.996| 11.954| 11.944| 11.921| 11.922
   Line Regulation| ±0.13%| ±0.08%| ±0.10%| ±0.18%| ±0.09%| ±0.07%| ±0.08%

AC input voltage

| Loading(mA)| Load Regulation
70| 80| 90| 100| 110| 120
85V/60Hz| 11.904| 11.891| 11.882| 11.873| 11.875| 11.861| ±1.17%
115V/60Hz| 11.903| 11.895| 11.884| 11.872| 11.864| 11.865| ±1.16%
230V/50Hz| 11.882| 11.887| 11.876| 11.863| 11.852| 11.853| ±1.04%
265V/50Hz| 11.881| 11.874| 11.861| 11.852| 11.841| 11.842| ±1.10%
Line Regulation| ±0.10%| ±0.09%| ±0.10%| ±0.09%| ±0.14%| ±0.10%|

Key Performance Test

1. Start Up Performance
   The start-up time is measured with a differential probe across AC inputs, “L” and “N” connectors and a common low-voltage probe across output terminals, “+V” and “GND” connectors. Before starting up, buck capacitors should be discharged.
   Table 5: Start Up Performance AC input voltage| Loading conditions| Figures
   ---|---|---
   No load| Full load
   85V/60Hz| 17.4ms| 41.1ms| Fig. 9, Fig. 10
   115V/50Hz| 17.6ms| 40.1ms| –
   230V/50Hz| 16.4ms| 35.2ms| –
   265V/60Hz| 16.2ms| 20.3ms| Fig. 11, Fig. 12

2. Rise Rime
   The rise time is measured with a common low-voltage probe across output terminals, “+V” and “GND” connectors. Before starting up, output capacitors should be discharged.
   Table 6: Rise Time AC input voltage| Loading conditions| Figures
   ---|---|---
   No load| Full load
   85V/60Hz| 14.6ms| 28.4ms| Fig. 13, Fig.14
   115V/50Hz| 14.4ms| 27.0ms| –
   230V/50Hz| 13.9ms| 17.3ms| –
   265V/60Hz| 13.8ms| 13.4ms| Fig. 15, Fig.16

3. Voltage Stress
   The voltage is measured between the “Drain” and “S” pins of AP3917B. The test needs differential probes.
   Table 7: MOSFET Drain-Source Voltage Stress AC input voltage| Loading conditions| Figures
   ---|---|---
   No load| Full load
   85V/60Hz| 135V| 150V| Fig. 17, Fig 18
   115V/50Hz| 172V| 186V| –
   230V/50Hz| 338V| 354V| –
   265V/60Hz| 392V| 402V| Fig. 19, Fig. 20

4. Output Ripple & Noise
   The dynamic response of output voltage is tested at the PCB terminal and the bandwidth is limited to 20MHz. Loading is set 0A as low load and 175mA as high load. Besides, the period is 2 seconds and the ramp is set at 250mA/us.
   Table 8: Ripple & Noise AC input voltage| Loading condition| Figures
   ---|---|---
   No load| Full load
   85V/60Hz| 45mV| 90mV| Fig. 21, Fig.22
   115V/50Hz| 45mV| 86mV| –
   230V/50Hz| 51mV| 90mV| –
   265V/60Hz| 51mV| 126mV| Fig. 23, Fig. 24

5. Dynamic Response
   The dynamic response of output voltage is tested at the PCB terminal and the bandwidth is limited to 20MHz. Loading is set 0A as low load and 120mA as high load. Besides, the period is 2 seconds and the ramp is set at 250mA/us.
   Table 9: Dynamic Response AC input voltage| Output voltage(V)| Figures
   ---|---|---
   Max Vo(V)| Min Vo(V)| Delta Vo(V)
   85V/60Hz| 12.58| 11.37| 1.22| Fig. 25
   115V/60Hz| 12.58| 11.30| 1.09| –
   230V/50Hz| 12.58| 11.30| 1.28| –
   265V/50Hz| 12.58| 11.24| 1.34| Fig. 26

Protection Test

1. Short Circuit Protection (SCP) Test
   The SCP test is measured under the condition that output cable terminals are shorted. The resistance of output cable is 50mΩ.
   Table 10: Short Circuit Protection test AC input

voltage

| Max Vo (mV)| Max Io(mA)| Vds(V)| Average input power

(W)

| Figures
---|---|---|---|---|---
85V/60Hz| 300| 295| 158| 0.471| Fig. 27
115V/60Hz| 460| 378| 196| 0.717| –
230V/50Hz| 972| 685| 382| 0.456| –
265V/50Hz| 593| 448| 414| 0.218| Fig. 28

2. Open Loop Detection (OLD) protection Test
   The open loop detection protection is measured when FB pin is connected to Source pin.
   Table 11: Open Loop Detection Test AC input voltage| Output voltage(V)| Figures
   ---|---|---
   No load| Full load
   85V/60Hz| 4.99| 2.08| Fig. 29
   115V/60Hz| 5.01| 2.09| (omitted)
   230V/50Hz| 5.05| 2.11| (omitted)
   265V/50Hz| 5.19| 2.11| Fig. 30

3. Over Load Protection (OLP) Test
   The overload protection point is tested as below: increase the loading by 10mA/step until the system cannot maintain a stable output, and then mark the loading level as over load protection point.
   Table 12: Over Load Protection point test AC input voltage| Over load protection point(mA)
   ---|---
   85V/60Hz| 170
   115V/60Hz| 170
   230V/50Hz| 170
   265V/50Hz| 170

Thermal Test
The thermal test is under ambient temperature after 1-hour aging. The board has no case in open frame. Thermal imager is used to observe the surface temperature of AP3917B and the free-wheeling diode, D1.

System EMI Scan
The power supply meets EN55022 Class B (for 230Vac input) and FCC part 15 (for 110Vac input) EMI requirements with more than 6dB margin.

1. Conducted EMI Test of 230V@full load
   The test result can pass EN55022 Class B limit with more than 6dB margin .

2. Conducted EMI Test of 110V@full load
   The test result can pass FCC part 15 limit with more than 6dB margin.

Revision control Table

the fusible resistor protection open on Live side

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