opentext TD4 Forensic Duplicator User Guide
- June 1, 2024
- opentext
Table of Contents
opentext TD4 Forensic Duplicator
Specifications
- Product: OpenText Tableau Forensic TD4 Duplicator
- Model: ISTD230400-UGD-EN-1
- Manufacturer: Open Text Corporation
- Address: 275 Frank Tompa Drive, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, N2L 0A1
- Contact: Tel: +1-519-888-7111, Toll Free Canada/USA: 1-800-499-6544, International: +800-4996-5440, Fax: +1-519-888-0677
Product Information
The OpenText Tableau Forensic TD4 Duplicator is a powerful and intuitive forensic duplicator designed for digital forensics practitioners. It offers high-performance imaging capabilities in a small, portable package. The touch screen user interface provides a familiar experience similar to modern tablets and smartphones.
Features:
- Custom-built for forensics
- Standard and advanced imaging features
- Portable and compact design
- User-friendly touch screen interface
Usage Instructions
Chapter 1: Preface
This chapter provides technical information and procedures for
using the OpenText Tableau Forensic TD4 Duplicator.
Drive Capacity and Transfer Rate Measurement Conventions:
Tableau products report drive capacities and transfer rates
according to the industry standard powers of ten convention. For
example, a 4 GB hard drive stores up to 4,000,000,000 bytes.
Chapter 2: Overview
The Tableau TD4 is a powerful forensic duplicator with a
user-friendly touch screen interface. It offers high-performance
imaging capabilities in a portable package.
Features:
- Intuitive user interface
- Standard and advanced imaging capabilities
- Compact design for portability
FAQs
- Q: Can the Tableau TD4 Duplicator be used for imaging multiple drives simultaneously?
- A: Yes, the Tableau TD4 Duplicator supports imaging multiple drives simultaneously for efficient forensic operations.
- Q: Is there a warranty for the Tableau TD4 Duplicator?
- A: Open Text Corporation does not offer warranties for the accuracy of the features presented in the publication. Please refer to the disclaimer section in the user guide for more information.
“`
OpenTextTM TableauTM Forensic TD4 Duplicator
User Guide
This guide presents a wide range of technical information and procedures for
using the OpenText Tableau Forensic TD4 Duplicator.
ISTD230400-UGD-EN-1
OpenTextTM TableauTM Forensic TD4 Duplicator User Guide ISTD230400-UGD-EN-1
Rev.: 2023-Oct-19
This documentation has been created for OpenTextTM TableauTM Forensic TD4
Duplicator 23.4. It is also valid for subsequent software releases unless
OpenText has made newer documentation available with the product, on an
OpenText website, or by any other means.
Open Text Corporation
275 Frank Tompa Drive, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, N2L 0A1
Tel: +1-519-888-7111 Toll Free
Canada/USA: 1-800-499-6544
International: +800-4996-5440 Fax:
+1-519-888-0677 Support:
https://support.opentext.com For more information, visit
https://www.opentext.com
Copyright © 2023 Open Text.
One or more patents may cover this product(s). For more information, please
visit https://www.opentext.com/patents.
Disclaimer
No Warranties and Limitation of Liability
Every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the features and
techniques presented in this publication. However, Open Text Corporation and
its affiliates accept no responsibility and offer no warranty whether
expressed or implied, for the accuracy of this publication.
Chapter 1
Preface
This guide presents a wide range of technical information and procedures for
using the OpenText Tableau Forensic TD4 Duplicator, a product of OpenText. It
is divided into the following chapters:
· Overview: Provides general information about TD4 as well as unpacking,
starting up, and navigating TD4 menus and reading the LEDs.
· Configuring TD4: Provides system overview information about TD4 as well as
procedures for configuring and connecting it.
· Using TD4: Provides detailed information and procedures for TD4 operation.
· Adapters: Describes the adapters that extend the drive acquisition options
and destination drive capabilities of TD4.
· Specifications and troubleshooting: Provides TD4 specifications and a brief
list of potential problems and solutions. For more complete and current
troubleshooting information as well as answers to frequently asked questions
(FAQ), visit OpenText My Support (https://support.opentext.com).
1.1 Drive capacity and transfer rate measurement conventions
The computer industry generally adheres to two different conventions for
definitions of the terms megabyte (MB) and gigabyte (GB). For computer RAM, 1
MB is defined as 220 = 1,048,576 bytes and 1 GB is defined as 230 =
1,073,741,824 bytes. For drive storage, 1 MB is defined as 106 = 1,000,000
bytes and 1 GB is defined as 109 = 1,000,000,000 bytes. These two conventions
are known as powers of two and powers of ten respectively. Microsoft deviates
from the hard drive capacity measurement convention and uses the powers of two
convention for its operating systems.
Tableau products report drive capacities and transfer rates according to the
industry standard powers of ten convention. In TD4 screens, reports, and
documentation, a 4 GB hard drive stores up to 4,000,000,000 bytes; a hard
drive with a 150 MB/sec transfer rate transfers 150,000,000 bytes per second.
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Chapter 2
Overview
Tableau TD4 is a powerful and intuitive forensic duplicator that offers
valuable, high-performance imaging capabilities in a small, portable package.
The touch screen user interface is easy to use and provides a familiar user
experience similar to modern tablets and smartphones. TD4 is custom built for
forensics and provides many standard and advanced features that serve the
specialized needs of digital forensics practitioners, including:
· Acquisition of PCIe, USB, SATA, SAS, FireWire, and IDE drives.
Note: PCIe, IDE, and FireWire adapters (sold separately) are required to image
these drive types.
· Output to PCIe, USB, and SATA drives.
· The ability to target file-based evidence with logical imaging functionality
and industry standard file outputs (lx01 and metadata csv files).
· The ability to duplicate a source drive to up to five destination drives.
· The ability to prevent damage to disk drives by spinning them down when they
are ejected from TD4 prior to physical removal.
· The ability to power down TD4 after the last active job is complete.
· The ability to pause and resume Duplication jobs, including surprise power
loss situations.
· The ability to lock specific functions and settings with an administrator
PIN to enforce standard settings and procedures for your forensic acquisition
jobs.
· Superior data transfer rates, even while performing calculations of MD5,
SHA-1, and SHA-256 hash values.
· The ability to view extensive drive detail, including partition and
filesystem information.
· Browsing drive filesystems.
· Extensive filesystem support – APFS, ExFAT, NTFS, EXT4, FAT(12/16/32), and
HFS+.
· Whole disk, open standard, destination drive encryption using XTS-AES.
· The ability to detect and inform of the presence of enabled Opal encryption,
BitLocker, and APFS encryption.
· The ability to mount digital media in Apple devices that support Target Disk
Mode.
· Comprehensive destination and accessory drive wiping capabilities, including
NIST 800-88 compliant wipes.
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Chapter 2 Overview
· HPA, DCO, and AMA support for the detection and handling of hidden/
protected data areas on source drives. This includes standalone HPA/DCO/AMA
disablement, DCO/AMA “shelving,” and trim support for the creation of a
destination DCO or AMA.
· Localized user interface and virtual keyboard support for the following
languages: German, English, Spanish (International), French, Korean,
Portuguese (Brazilian), Turkish, and Chinese (Simplified)
· Detailed forensic logs in HTML format for case documentation. · The ability
to filter the forensic log list to only show logs of interest based on
specific case and/or drive information. The filtered logs can also be exported
or deleted. · Always free firmware update support. · Clearly labeled and
color-coded source (write blocked) and destination (read/ write) ports.
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The left source (write blocked) side of TD4.
2.1. TD4 kit contents
The right destination (read/write) side of TD4.
2.1 TD4 kit contents
TD4 ships in a boxed kit with custom foam that includes the following items:
Item
Model # TD4
Description
OpenText Tableau Forensic TD4 Duplicator
ISTD230400-UGD-EN-1
TP6
Provides power to TD4. Uses
a universal 3-prong style AC
line cord and is compatible
with 100-240V AC line
voltages worldwide.
TC4-8-R4
TC-PCIE-8 TCA-USB3-AC TPKG-VCT-5
Unified SATA/SAS signal and power to 8in. SATA/SAS signal and 8in. power cable
(qty 3)
8in. PCIe adapter cable. Must be used with a Tableau PCIe adapter (qty 1)
USB Type A female to Type C male adapter cable (qty 2)
5-piece Velcro cable tie kit
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Chapter 2 Overview Item
Model # TPKG-CLOTH
Description Microfiber screen cleaning cloth
Quick Reference Guide
Do not discard the TD4 foam packaging, as it is designed to fit several
industrystandard hard sided carrying cases (for example, the Pelican 1500). If
you received the TD4 kit in the cardboard box shipped by OpenText, you can
reuse the stacking foam inserts in your own hard-sided case.
2.2 Navigating TD4
Use the TD4 touchscreen display to navigate the available TD4 functions. Use
the onscreen virtual keyboard or a USB keyboard to enter alphanumeric text
when prompted. See “USB keyboard and mouse support” on page 17.
2.2.1 Home screen
The home screen of TD4 displays function tiles for initiating the following
forensic jobs:
· Duplicate · Logical Image · Hash · Verify · Restore
It also includes tiles for entering/viewing essential information, as follows:
· Case Info · Job History
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2.2. Navigating TD4
Each function tile may be opened to show more information, enter data, and, if
applicable, start the associated job. Depending on various conditions, the job
will either start immediately after hitting the Start button or an advanced
settings screen will be displayed to allow configuration of specific settings
before starting the job. More details for each home screen function can be
found later in this user guide.
Across the top navigation bar there are buttons to quickly access the System
Navigation Menu and the home screen and to view the current time. Tapping the
TD4 model name in the top navigation bar takes you to the home screen.
Note: In the event of abnormal cooling conditions, a thermal event warning
icon will be shown in the top navigation bar to the right of the System
Navigation Menu icon. Such a warning will never be seen under normal operating
conditions. Please refer to “Thermal issues” on page 94 for more information.
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Chapter 2 Overview
2.2.2 Drive details
On the left and right sides of the home screen you will find drive tiles that
align with the physical drive connection ports. These tiles will be inactive
(grayed-out) for any ports that have no drive attached. When a drive is
attached to a given port, that tile will become active and can be tapped to
access detailed information about that drive and perform drive-specific
actions.
Note: The drive tile for the rear USB accessory port will only appear when a
drive is connected to that port. It will appear beneath the system Navigation
Menu icon in the top-left corner of the home screen.
See “Using TD4” on page 33 for more information on drive details.
2.2.3 System navigation menu
Tapping the System Navigation Menu icon in the upper-left corner of the top
navigation bar displays the TD4 System Navigation Menu, as shown below. For
additional information on the items in this menu, see “Configuring TD4” on
page 19.
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2.2. Navigating TD4
2.2.4 Job status
After a job starts, its job status screen is automatically displayed. This
status screen shows the details of a given job, including a header showing the
job type, its status, its start and end times, the overall data rate, time
remaining, and percent complete. The lower area of the job status screen shows
additional job details, including hash values (when available) sub-step
progress (for example, Duplication separate from Verification in a
duplication/verification job), a settings summary, and the drives involved in
the job. Tapping a drive tile opens a drive details screen which provides a
quick view of all the information available for the drive. The fixed bottom
area of the job status screen includes buttons for exporting the forensic log
and canceling the job. An example of an active Duplication job status screen
is shown below.
Note: If the detailed job status screen is closed, a brief summary of the job status is still available in the expanded function tile on the home screen. Tapping the lower portion of that function tile will reopen the detailed job status screen. Also, when a job is running a circular spinner is shown in the top navigation bar to the right of the TD4 model name. Tapping the spinner will reopen the detailed job status screen.
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Chapter 2 Overview
Once a job has completed, the job status screen is displayed and shows the
final status of that job. An example of a completed Duplication job status
screen is shown below.
2.2.5 Job history
Historical job status screens can be viewed from the Job History list. To
access the Job History list, expand the Job History function tile on the home
screen. A summary of the total jobs and cases (based on Case ID setting) will
be shown in the expanded function tile. Tap the lower portion of the expanded
Job History function tile to open the Job History list. The jobs in this list
persist across power cycles. Any active jobs will show in the list with an
active blue progress bar. Successfully completed jobs will show with a full
green progress bar. Canceled jobs will show a partially filled yellow progress
bar. And failed jobs will show a partially filled red progress bar. Tapping a
specific job tile from the list will open the detailed job status screen for
that job. An example of a Job History list is shown below.
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2.2. Navigating TD4
As can be seen at the top of the Job History screen above, the current case
(as identified by the Case ID system setting) is shown along with a count of
the number of different cases included in the Job History list.
In some situations, it may be convenient to view and manage (export or delete)
only a subset of jobs from the list. To filter the job list, tap on the filter
icon near the top-right side of the Job History screen. Filter criteria can be
added to show only the desired jobs. The jobs list can be filtered based on
the following criteria:
· Examiner name
· Case ID
· Job notes
· Drive vendor
· Drive model
· Drive serial number
Simply tap the desired filter field(s) and enter the filter value(s). A count
of how many jobs matched the filter criteria will be shown near the top of the
screen next to the filter icon . Note that when multiple criteria are used,
all must match for a job
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Chapter 2 Overview
to show in the filtered list. The filter criteria section of the screen can be
expanded and collapsed by tapping on the filter icon .
Note: There is an easy way to filter the Job History list to show only jobs
associated with a specific drive. To do so, tap on the desired drive tile from
the home screen. Scroll to the Jobs summary section at the bottom of the drive
details screen, and then tap on the View button. A list of only the jobs
associated with that drive will be shown.
To export the logs associated with jobs in the Job History list, tap on the
Export button at the bottom-left of the Job History screen. Select the desired
filesystem and then tap the Export button at the bottom-right corner of the
browse window.
To delete the jobs (and their associated logs) that are shown in the Job
History list, tap the Delete button at the bottom-right of the Job History
screen and follow the prompt.
Note: For both exportation and deletion of jobs/logs, whatever jobs are shown
in the Job History list are the ones that will be acted upon. If there are no
filters in place, then all jobs/logs will be exported or deleted. If a filter
is used to show only a subset of the overall jobs list, then only those
filtered jobs/logs will be exported or deleted.
Up to 100 jobs can be stored on TD4. When that limit is hit, the start of any
subsequent jobs will require acknowledgement that the oldest job will be
automatically deleted. In order to avoid that inefficient job startup step, it
is recommended that job logs be exported and jobs be deleted at the end of
each case.
2.3 Reading the status LEDs
On/Off indicator LED: The illuminated power switch is located in the top-left
corner of TD4, and it displays a white LED when the unit is on.
DC In LED: The TP6 power supply cable has a blue LED ring near the end of the
barrel connector that indicates the TD4 power supply is receiving adequate DC
input power.
Activity LED: The multi-color activity LED is located in the lower-right
corner of TD4. It is white when the unit is booting up, blinking white when a
power issue is detected, off when the unit is on but idle, blue when an
operation is in progress, blinking green when an operation completes
successfully, and blinking red when an operation fails.
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2.4. Interpreting audio feedback
2.4 Interpreting audio feedback
TD4 plays one of two sounds that indicate status at the end of a job. A
pleasant chime sound with increasing pitch notes plays for a successful job.
For a failed job, the sound has decreasing pitch notes. You can change the
volume of the sounds or disable them on the Settings screen.
2.5 On-screen warnings
When appropriate, TD4 will provide on-screen warnings within various settings
and operations screens. Yellow warnings call the user’s attention to a
potential risk but do not impede operations. Red warnings mean that a selected
setting cannot be accommodated, an operation has failed, or the potential
exists for forensic evidence to be missed, such as when a DCO or AMA is
detected and not removed. Users are encouraged to pay attention to and read
any displayed warnings when they appear and proceed accordingly.
2.6 USB keyboard and mouse support
You can plug a standard, English language USB keyboard and/or mouse into any
TD4 USB port. (While the Accessory port on the rear of TD4 is intended for
this purpose, any USB port will work.) You may find it more convenient to use
an external keyboard and/or mouse to navigate the UI and enter data instead of
using the touchscreen and virtual keyboard. Wireless keyboard/mouse adapters
are supported as well, including unified adapters.
Notes
· TD4 supports wireless keyboards and mice. To use a wireless keyboard or
mouse, simply plug the USB wireless adapter into the TD4’s rear USB accessory
port, and it should automatically pair with the keyboard and start working.
There are many vendors of wireless keyboards and mice, and some may not be
compatible with TD4. If you prefer to use a wireless keyboard or mouse and
yours is not working with TD4, contact OpenText Customer Support for keyboard
recommendations.
· If you are using a wireless unified keyboard/mouse adapter with only a
mouse, the virtual keyboard may not appear on the TD4 screen for data entry
situations. TD4 will see the wireless adapter as the keyboard which makes it
want to hide the virtual keyboard in data entry situations. To accommodate
this use case, a Virtual Keyboard system setting has been added to allow the
virtual keyboard to always be shown when entering data. This setting will be
off by default, which means that the virtual keyboard will not appear if a USB
keyboard is detected.
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Chapter 3
Configuring TD4
This chapter describes the steps to configure TD4 prior to using it on a
regular basis.
3.1 Startup sequence
When turned on, TD4 displays an initialization screen during the boot
sequence. The initial boot cycle (after a factory reset) will show a setup
wizard that brings out key system settings to make it easy to configure your
TD4 for use. Interacting with that setup wizard screen (by closing it or
tapping the Full Settings button) will prevent it from appearing in future
boot cycles. Once booted past the setup wizard screen, TD4 displays the home
screen and then sequentially powers on and detects connected drives and mounts
any supported filesystems.
3.2 Configuring TD4
TD4 default settings are defined using sensible, best-practice values. There
are many options and settings you can configure and customize to your specific
needs. Tap the System Navigation Menu icon in the upper left corner of the
user interface to access the System Navigation Menu, which includes following
items:
· Home: Return to the home screen. · Settings: Access the System Settings
screen. · Administration: Access the Administration setup screen. · Lock
System: Lock the screen with a PIN to prevent access while unattended. ·
About: Access the About screen to view additional information such as the unit
serial number, firmware version/hash, copyright, and licensing information.
Firmware update and factory reset are also initiated from this screen.
3.2.1 Settings
Tap Settings to display the Settings screen.
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Chapter 3 Configuring TD4
The screenshot above shows the TD4 Settings screen. Each setting and its
options and default values are described below.
· Hashes: Allows selection of the desired hash calculations for your
Duplicate, Logical Imaging, and Hash jobs. The options are MD5, SHA-1,
SHA-256, and Prompt. Selecting Prompt will allow the hashes to be chosen at
job startup time. The default hash selections are MD5 and SHA-1.
· `Duplicate’ File Type: Allows selection of the output file type for
Duplicate (physical image) jobs. The options are: Ex01, E01, DD, DMG and
Prompt. Selecting Prompt will allow the file type to be chosen at job startup
time. The default setting is Ex01.
· Max File Size: Allows selection of the desired maximum output file segment
size. The options are: 2 GB, 4 GB, 8 GB, and Unlimited. The default setting is
Unlimited.
· Error Recovery: Allows selection of the Recovery Mode and Retry Count for
when source drive read errors are encountered during Duplicate and Hash jobs.
Recovery Mode: This determines the size of reads that will be used to find
readable data within regions that have errors. The options are: Standard and
Exhaustive. Standard mode means that error recovery attempts will read
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3.2. Configuring TD4
blocks of data that are always 32,768 bytes. In Exhaustive mode, error
recovery reads will occur down to the most granular level possible, which is
individual sectors. Exhaustive mode will ensure the maximum amount of
recoverable data, but it will also add time to the job. The default setting is
Standard.
Retry Count: This tells the TD4 how many times to attempt to re-read a given
block of data when an error is encountered. The options are: 0, 1, 10, and
100. The default setting is 1.
Caution
A retry count setting of 100 is not recommended. If a read continually errors
over 10 attempts, it is likely it will never succeed, and continuing to
attempt many failed reads could potentially damage an already failing drive
and waste valuable investigation time.
· Compression: Allows selection of data compression for E01, Ex01, and LX01
outputs. Selecting the box will ensure that data compression is used whenever
possible. The default setting is to compress when possible.
· Evidence File Path: Allows definition of the specific filename and directory
for output files. Note that wildcards can be used to automatically enter key
information into the filenames and/or output directory, as follows:
Wildcard %d %t %e %s %m %c
Directory/filename data Date (current system date at time of acquisition) Time (current system time at time of acquisition) Evidence ID for the source drive in use Serial number of the source drive in use Model number of the source drive in use Case ID at time of acquisition
The default filename is image. The default directory name is td4
images/%d_%t/.
· Readback Verification: Allows selection of readback verification to be done
at the end of the duplication/logical image portion of jobs, to ensure the
stored data matches what was acquired. Selecting the Verify box will enable
readback verification for all jobs. Selecting Prompt will allow readback
verification to be enabled at job startup time. The default setting is Verify.
· Trim Clones: Allows selection of the desired destination “trimming”
configuration for all jobs. Trimming a destination drive means that a DCO or
AMA will be applied to the destination drive (if it supports them) so that the
destination drive size will appear to match that of the original clone source
drive. The options are: Never, When possible, and Prompt. Selecting Prompt
will allow the Trim Clones setting to be selected at job startup time. The
default setting is Never.
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Chapter 3 Configuring TD4
Note: For clone trimming to work, the chosen destination drive must support
DCO or AMA.
· Audio: Allows selection of the system volume level to be used for all
audible alerts. Selecting the Idle Chirp box will cause the job completion
sound to be repeatedly played every one minute until the job status screen has
been closed. Note that, even if Idle Chirp is disabled, the job completion
sound will be played one time at the end of the job and the indicator LED will
flash completion status until the job status screen has been closed. The
default setting is to enable Idle Chirp.
· Time Display: Allows selection of the displayed system time zone and time
display mode (12-hour or 24-hour). Time Display setting changes must be
explicitly saved to take effect. Note that changing time-related settings is
not allowed while a job is running. The default display mode setting is
12-hour mode.
· System Time: Allows entry of the system time. System Time setting changes
must be explicitly saved to take effect. Note that changing time-related
settings is not allowed while a job is running.
· System Date: Allows entry of the system date. System Date setting changes
must be explicitly saved to take effect. Note that changing time-related
settings is not allowed while a job is running.
· Brightness: Allows selection of the brightness of the LCD screen.
· Virtual Keyboard: Provides the option to always show the on-screen, virtual
keyboard, even when an external keyboard is detected. This is useful for a
specific scenario, where a unified (dual-purpose) wireless keyboard/mouse is
plugged into TD4, but only the mouse part is being used. Select the `Always
show’ option to ensure that the virtual keyboard appears in this situation. By
default the virtual keyboard is hidden when a USB keyboard is detected.
· Language: Allows selection of the system language. The options are: German,
English, Spanish, French, Korean, Portuguese, Turkish, and Chinese. The
default language is English.
Note: When the system language is changed, the virtual keyboard will
automatically be switched to that language. If desired, the virtual keyboard
can be manually changed to a language that is different than the system
language setting. To manually select the virtual keyboard language, tap an
input field and then tap the localization button on the keyboard to select the
desired language.
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3.2. Configuring TD4
3.2.2 Administration
In some forensic work environments, it may be desirable to prohibit
unauthorized users from accessing the unit or changing specific settings. TD4
allows an administrative level user to lock specific areas of the user
interface to allow such control. Tap the Administration button in the System
Navigation Menu to initiate this setup. The initial Administration setup
screen is shown below.
Tap Enable Administration to get started. The first step is to set a six-digit
Administration PIN. The PIN must be entered twice to ensure accuracy.
Once Administration is enabled, the following areas can be selected to block
access to anyone without the PIN:
· System Boot Lock: If selected, the unit will boot directly to the PIN pad,
and the Administrator PIN will need to be entered to use the unit.
· Duplication Configuration: If enabled, the following Duplication settings
will require the Administrator PIN to make any changes:
Hashes
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Chapter 3 Configuring TD4
`Duplicate’ File Type Max File Size Error Recovery Compression
Evidence File Path Readback Verification Trim Clones
The screenshot below shows the Settings menu after Administration control has
been enabled for Duplication Configuration. Note the shield with checkmark
icon next to the setting items enumerated above. This indicates which settings
will require the Administrator PIN to make changes. All users will be able to
view the current settings, but any attempts to change any of the locked
settings will prompt the user for the Administrator PIN.
To disable TD4 Administration, tap Administration from the System Navigation Menu and then tap Disable Administration. The Administration PIN will need to be entered to complete disablement.
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3.2. Configuring TD4
Note: When Administration has been enabled, even if none of the individual
control options has been selected, the Administrator PIN will be required to
update the firmware on the unit. This prevents circumvention of the
Administration settings by downgrading firmware.
3.2.3 Locking the system
It may be desirable to lock your TD4 system while unattended to ensure no
settings are changed or that your active jobs are not altered in any way. To
lock your system, simply tap on the Lock System item in the System Navigation
Menu. A screen will appear that allows for entry of a six-digit personal
identification number (PIN), as shown below.
You will need to enter the six-digit code a second time to verify the PIN.
Once the PIN has been verified, the unit will be locked, showing only the PIN
pad on the screen.
To unlock the system, simply enter the PIN.
Note: The button at the bottom-left of the keypad allows for randomizing the
layout of the digits on the keypad. This can be used to ensure that commonly
used PINs do not create a distinct pattern on the screen.
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Chapter 3 Configuring TD4
This PIN locking mechanism is temporary in the sense that each unlock event
will keep the unit unlocked until it is re-locked. Note that power cycling TD4
will clear the screen PIN lock.
3.2.4 Updating TD4 firmware
TD4 firmware is stored on a non-volatile, non-removable memory device inside
the unit. When a TD4 firmware update becomes available on the OpenText website
(Tableau Download Center), you can download the firmware package file and use
it to update the unit.
Note: A firmware update cannot be started while a job is running.
To update your TD4 firmware, go to the Tableau Download Center at https://
www.opentext.com/products/tableau-download-center, then follow these steps:
1. Locate the TD4 section on the Tableau Download Center page, and then tap
the latest firmware file link to initiate a download to your computer.
Note: TD4 firmware package files have a .td4_pkg file extension.
2. Copy the downloaded firmware package file to a USB stick and then eject
and remove that drive from your computer.
3. Insert the USB stick into any TD4 USB port. 4. Go to the System Navigation
Menu by tapping on the icon at the left side of
the top navigation bar. Then tap the About menu item. 5. In the About screen,
tap the Update Firmware button. 6. Select the appropriate drive/filesystem by
tapping on the filesystem tile. 7. Browse to the location of the desired
.td4_pkg file and tap on that file. 8. Once you are sure you want to initiate
the update with the selected file, tap the
Select button at the bottom-right of the screen.
TD4 will begin the firmware update process using the selected firmware file.
Caution
Once the firmware update process begins, do not remove or add any drives, turn
off the unit, or remove power from the unit. Doing so could cause issues with
the firmware update process possibly resulting in a nonfunctional TD4. If
something should occur during the firmware update process that results in a
failure to update, it is possible that the firmware recovery procedure may be
required. See “Troubleshooting common problems” on page 92 for information on
the firmware recovery process.
TD4 will automatically reboot into the new firmware once the update process is
complete.
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Note that the SHA-256 hash value of the currently loaded firmware package is
calculated and displayed in the top portion of the About screen along with the
full firmware version. This allows for verification that the proper firmware
version is running and that it has not been altered. For hash verification
purposes, the hash value for a given firmware version is available in the
release notes document for each TD4 update, which is available on the Tableau
Download Center at https:// www.opentext.com/products/tableau-download-center.
3.3 Connecting drives
The following sections provide information that will allow for the safe and
reliable connection of drives to TD4.
Note: For drives that require adapter cables to connect to TD4, OpenText
highly recommends leaving the adapter cables plugged into TD4 and
attaching/removing the drives from the other end of the cables. While the
drive connectors on TD4 are robust and designed for many mating cycles,
attaching/ removing drives from the other end of the cables will help maximize
the life of your TD4.
3.3.1 USB versions and connector types
USB specifications have changed over time, and, along with them, the naming
convention for various USB interface ports/speeds has also changed. For
example, when USB 3.0 (SuperSpeed USB) first came out, interface speeds jumped
to 5 Gbps over the previous USB 2.0 speed of 480 Mbps. With the advent of USB
3.1, the concept of generations was introduced to cover the various interface
speeds. For example, USB 3.0 SuperSpeed is equivalent to USB 3.1 Gen 1 at 5
Gbps, and USB 3.1 Gen 2 doubled that speed to 10 Gbps. More recently, the USB
3.2 standard has been released. However, the generational reference for speeds
remains the same as USB 3.1, with USB 3.2 Gen 1 being 5 Gbps and USB 3.2 Gen 2
being 10 Gbps. Using the most recent USB specification language, TD4’s source
USB port is USB 3.2 Gen 1 running at 5 Gbps. Its destination USB ports are USB
3.2 Gen 2 running at 10 Gbps. For simplicity, these ports are labeled as “USB”
on the TD4 itself and they will commonly be referred to as USB ports in this
user guide.
TD4 USB ports all use USB Type C connectors. Type C drives and drive cables
can be inserted into TD4 without regard for orientation. To connect a USB Type
A drive to TD4, a Tableau TCA-USB3-AC Type A-to-Type C adapter cable (or
equivalent commercially available adapter) is required.
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3.3.2 Drive adapters
For some of the TD4 ports, external adapters are required to connect certain
types of drives. Chapter 5 of this user guide contains a comprehensive list of
available Tableau drive adapters. Here is a summary of commonly used adapters:
Drive Type PCIe add-in card SSD m.2 PCIe SSD Apple PCIe SSD 2013+ u.2 SSD (PCIe) IDE Apple PCIe SSD 2016+ FireWire mSATA/m.2 SATA SSD
Tableau Adapter Part Number TDA7-1 TDA7-2 TDA7-3 TDA7-4 TDA7-5 TDA7-7 TDA7-9 TDA3-3
3.3.3 Drive tiles
On the left and right sides of the home screen you will find drive tiles that
align with the physical drive connection ports. These tiles will be grayed-out
for any ports that have no drive attached. When a drive is attached to a given
port, that tile will become active and can be tapped to access detailed
information about that drive and perform drive-specific actions.
Note: The drive tile for the rear USB accessory port will only appear when a
drive is connected to that port. It will appear beneath the System Navigation
Menu icon in the top-left corner of the home screen.
3.3.4 Source drives
TD4 runs one forensic job at a time, and, as a result, it was designed to only
allow connecting one source drive at a time. Multiple source drives can
physically be connected to TD4 and doing so will not cause any damage to the
device. However, when more than one source drive is connected, the source
drive tiles will turn red and all operations that require a source drive
(Duplication, Logical Image, Hash, and Restore) will be prohibited. Verify is
the one operation that can still be done with multiple source drives attached,
as it uses only destination drives.
Connect a drive (or a drive adapter with drive in place) to one of the TD4
source (left) side interfaces: SATA/SAS, PCIe, USB. The associated user
interface drive tile will become active and can be tapped to view detailed
information about the drive and perform drive specific actions. For source
drives, the available drive actions are as follows:
· Browse filesystems
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· Blank check · Remove HPA/DCO/AMA · Tableau encryption unlock
A job summary specific to that drive can also be viewed on the drive details
screen, with a link to view the filtered job history list for that drive. The
Eject button for each drive is located at the bottom-right side of the drive
details screen.
3.3.5 Destination drives
Connect one or more drives to the TD4 destination (right) side: SATA (x2),
PCIe, and/or USB (x2). The associated user interface drive tile(s) will become
active and can be tapped to view detailed information about the drive and
perform drive specific actions. For destination drives, the available drive
actions are as follows:
· Browse filesystems · Blank check · Reconfigure (see “Reconfigure” on page 42
section for detailed information
about the destination drive Reconfigure function) · Tableau encryption unlock
A job summary specific to the drive can also be viewed on this screen, with a
link to view the filtered Job History list for that drive. The Eject button
for each drive is located at the bottom-right side of the drive details
screen.
See “Duplicating” on page 58 and “Performing a logical image” on page 69 for
details on running Duplicate and Logical Image jobs.
3.3.6 Accessory drives
An Accessory USB port is available on the rear of TD4. This port can be used
to attach a USB drive to allow for exporting job logs or updating TD4
firmware. It can also be used to attach a keyboard and/or mouse (wired or
wireless).
Caution
The USB Accessory port on the rear of TD4 is not write-protected! Evidence
media should never be connected to this port.
When an Accessory USB drive is attached to TD4 and detected, a small drive
tile will appear just below the System Navigation Menu icon in the top left of
the user interface.
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3.3.7 Drive detection
After booting, TD4 begins detecting connected drives sequentially. Inactive
drive tiles shown on the left and right sides of the screen will become fully
visible and active when a drive is detected. Tap any drive tile to view
detailed information about the connected drive and to perform drive-specific
actions. See “Source drives” on page 28 and “Destination drives” on page 29
earlier in this chapter for more information on available actions.
The image below shows the TD4 home screen with the following drives connected:
USB source, USB accessory, SATA destination, PCIe destination.
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3.4. Turning TD4 off
3.4 Turning TD4 off
To turn off your TD4, simply push the power button in the top left corner of
the unit. Confirm the request by tapping the Shutdown button or tap the Cancel
button to keep the unit powered up.
In some cases, it may be desirable to have the TD4 power itself off after the
current job is completed. In the case of running a job overnight or over a
weekend with the unit unattended, this can help reduce power consumption and
unnecessary runtime on any attached drives. To turn off TD4 when the current
job is complete, simply push the power button in the top left corner of the
unit as you normally would, and then tap the Shutdown button. The current job
will complete and then the unit will power itself off. This will work for any
job type.
Note: If the power button shutdown method described above is used, there is no
need to eject any attached drives before shutting down TD4. Using this proper
shutdown method allows the software time to quiesce any active tasks and eject
drives prior to turning the unit off. Forcing TD4 to power off by pulling the
power cord or holding down the power button is not recommended as it may
corrupt any existing partition/filesystem information.
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Using TD4
This chapter covers detailed procedures and information for using TD4.
4.1 Home screen
The home screen of TD4 displays function tiles for initiating the following
forensic jobs: · Duplicate · Logical Image · Hash · Verify · Restore It also
includes tiles for entering/viewing essential information, as follows: · Case
Info · Job History
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Each function tile may be opened to show more information, enter data, and, if
applicable, start the associated job. Depending on various conditions, the job
will either start immediately after hitting the Start button or an advanced
settings screen will be displayed to allow configuration of specific settings
before starting the job. More details for each home screen function can be
found later in this chapter.
Across the top navigation bar there are buttons to quickly access the System
Navigation Menu and the home screen and to view the current time. Tapping the
TD4 model name in the top navigation bar takes you to the home screen.
Note: In the event of abnormal cooling conditions, a thermal warning icon will
be shown in the top navigation bar to the right of the System Navigation Menu
icon. Such a warning will never be seen under normal operating conditions. See
“Thermal issues” on page 94 for more information.
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4.2. Drive details
4.2 Drive details
On the left and right sides of the home screen you will find drive tiles that
align with the physical drive connection ports. These tiles will be inactive
for any ports that have no drive attached. When a drive is attached to a given
port, that tile will become active and can be tapped to access detailed
information about the drive and perform drive-specific actions.
Note: The drive tile for the rear USB accessory port will only appear when a
drive is connected to that port. It will appear beneath the System Navigation
Menu icon in the top-left corner of the home screen.
See “Viewing sources and destinations” on page 39 for more information on the
drive details screen and associated functionality.
4.3 System navigation menu
Tapping the System Navigation Menu icon in the upper-left corner of the top
navigation bar displays the TD4 System Navigation Menu, as shown below. For
additional information on the items in this menu, see “Configuring TD4” on
page 19.
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4.4 Job status
After a job starts, its job status screen is automatically displayed. This
status screen shows the details of a given job, including a header showing the
job type, its status, its start and end times, the overall data rate,
remaining time, and percent complete. The lower area of the job status screen
shows additional job details, including hash values (when available) sub-step
progress (for example, Duplication separate from Verification in a
duplication/verification job), a settings summary, and a listing of the drives
involved in the job. Tapping a drive tile opens its drive details screen which
provides a view of all the information available for the drive. The fixed
bottom area of the job status screen includes buttons for exporting the
forensic log for that job and canceling the job. An example of an active
Duplication job status screen is shown below.
Note: If the job status screen is closed, a brief summary of the job status is still available in the expanded function tile on the home screen. Tapping the lower portion of that function tile will reopen the job status screen. Also, when a job is running, a circular spinner is shown in the top navigation bar to the right of the TD4 model name. Tapping the spinner reopens the job status screen.
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4.5. Job history
Once a job has completed, the job status screen is displayed and shows the
final status of that job.
If the job status screen is left open after completion of the job, completion
status indicators will continue until the job status screen is closed. Those
completion status indicators include a flashing status LED and, if Idle Chirp
is enabled in system settings, audible notification (once every minute). If
Idle Chirp is disabled, the job completion audible notification will only be
provided one time.
4.5 Job history
Job status screens can be viewed from the jobs list which is accessible from
the Job History tile on the home screen. Tapping the lower portion of the
expanded Job History tile opens the jobs list for that unit. The jobs in this
list are stored on the unit and persist across power cycles. Any active jobs
will show in the list with an active blue progress bar. Successfully completed
jobs will show with a full green progress bar. Canceled jobs will show a
partially filled yellow progress bar. And failed jobs will show with a
partially filled red progress bar. Tapping a specific job tile from the list
will open the job status screen for that job. An example of a Job History list
is shown below.
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As can be seen at the top of the Job History screen above, the current case
(as identified by the Case ID setting) is shown along with a count of the
number of different cases included in the Job History list.
In some situations, it may be convenient to view and manage (export or delete)
only a subset of jobs from the list. To filter the job list, tap on the filter
icon near the top-right side of the Job History screen. Filter criteria can be
added to show only the desired jobs. Note that when multiple criteria are
used, all must match for a job to show in the filtered list. The jobs list can
be filtered based on the following criteria:
· Examiner name
· Case ID
· Job notes
· Drive vendor
· Drive model
· Drive serial number
Note: There is an easy way to filter the Job History list to show only jobs
associated with a specific drive. To do so, tap on the desired drive tile from
the
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4.6. Viewing sources and destinations
home screen. Scroll to the Jobs summary section at the bottom of the drive
details screen and then tap the View button. A list of only the jobs
associated with that drive will be shown. You can expand the filter in that
view to see the specific criteria that was used to filter the list.
To export the logs associated with jobs in the Job History list, tap on the
Export button at the bottom-left of the Job History screen. Select the desired
filesystem and folder and then tap the Export button at the bottom-right
corner of the browse window.
To delete the jobs that are shown in the Job History list, tap the Delete
button at the bottom-right of the Job History screen and follow the prompt.
Note: For both log exportation and job deletion, whatever jobs are shown in
the Job History list are the ones that will be acted upon. If there are no
filters in place, then all logs/jobs will be exported or deleted. If a filter
is used to show only a subset of the overall jobs list, then only those
logs/jobs will be exported or deleted.
Up to 100 jobs can be stored on TD4. When that limit is hit, the start of any
subsequent jobs will require acknowledgement that the oldest job will be
automatically deleted. To avoid that inefficient job startup step, it is
recommended that logs be exported and then jobs deleted at the end of each
case.
See “Forensic logs” on page 79 for more information regarding TD4 forensic
logs.
4.6 Viewing sources and destinations
To access the drive details screen for a source or destination, tap the
desired drive tile on the TD4 home screen. Drive tiles are shown on the left
(source) and right (destination) sides of the TD4 user interface. The drive
details screen for a source SATA drive is shown below.
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The Evidence ID field at the top of the drive details screen allows a brief
description of the drive to be entered. This Evidence ID value is an informal
way to identify drives which allows them to be more easily recognized
throughout the TD4 user interface. This Evidence ID will appear in the drive
details screens and drive cards, which are seen in various places such as in
the Source and Destination(s) sections of the job status screen. Evidence ID
will also appear in the forensic logs. If no Evidence ID is entered for a
given drive, the drive will be identified by the vendor name, model, and
serial number.
After the Evidence ID field, the top section of the drive details screen shows
key information about the selected drive, such as size, vendor, model,
firmware revision, serial number(s), sector size, and available (reported)
sectors. USB drives will have additional information shown, including a USB
specific serial number.
The Contents section of the drive details screen provides information about
what is on the drive, and it also allows for drive specific actions such as
Blank Check, Reconfigure (destinations only), Remove HPA/DCO/AMA (sources
only), and Tableau Encryption Unlock. For drives with detectable filesystems,
the top portion of the Contents section indicates the partition table type,
number of partitions, and number of filesystems. Each detectable filesystem
will have a filesystem card that shows more information about the filesystem.
To browse a filesystem, tap the filesystem card. If a drive has any sector
limitations in place (HPA/DCO/AMA), a
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4.6. Viewing sources and destinations
warning message will be provided in the top portion of the Contents section.
Such
sector limitations are also identified with the icon attached to the drive
tiles on the home screen.
The Jobs section of the Drive Details screen provides information about jobs
that have been performed with that drive. The Jobs count indicates the number
of all forensic jobs done using that drive, and it includes the following
operations: Duplications, Logical Images, Hashes, Verifications, Reconfigures,
Blank Checks, Restores, and Remove Sector Limitations. The Completed
Acquisitions count indicates the number of fully completed, successful
acquisition type jobs, namely Duplications and Logical Images. If all the jobs
for a given drive have the same Case ID, that Case ID is shown in this section
as well. If there are multiple Case IDs associated with a given drive,
“Multiple” will be shown in the Case ID field. The View button in the bottom
right of the Jobs section will display a filtered Job History list showing
only the jobs associated with that specific drive.
At the bottom right of any Drive Details screen is the Eject button. Simply
tap the Eject button and respond to the prompt to eject a drive from the
system. Ejecting a drive removes it from the system software in a safe manner
and is recommended before unplugging any attached media from a powered TD4 and
before powering down TD4 with drives attached. For destination and accessory
drives in particular (since they are read/write), failure to eject a drive
prior to removal from the system could corrupt the drive filesystem, which
could result in loss of previously captured evidence/data. Note that ejection
of media being used in a job will not be allowed until the job is complete.
In addition to quiescing the drive for system removal, pressing the Eject
button will issue an ATA spin down command to drives that may support it.
Spinning down rotating hard disk drives is recommended to minimize the chance
of platter damage upon physical removal of the drive from the system. Note
that not all drives support this command, and some may take longer to eject
from the system due to lack of spin down command support. But this is
considered a minor inconvenience compared to the benefit of minimizing the
chance of drive damage.
Caution
It is highly recommended to eject all drives from the system prior to
physically removing them from TD4. This puts the drives in a quiescent state,
which will ensure system stability and the integrity of the data on the
drives.
For media attached to TD4 PCIe ports, ejection prior to removal is required.
Hot-swapping PCIe drives without ejecting them may cause system instability
and unpredictable TD4 behavior/performance.
Forced power removal (by pulling the power cord or holding down the power
button) can cause issues with attached drives, including corruption of
formatting information. If possible, it is highly recommended to power down
through the user interface (via a quick power button press), which will
automatically eject all attached drives prior to shutting down the unit.
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4.6.1 Blank check
The Blank Check utility checks a drive for the presence of meaningful data. To
access the Blank Check Setup screen, tap Blank Check in the Contents section
of any drive details screen.
The following table provides Blank Check option details:
Option Fast
Random
Linear
Description
Quickly checks to determine if the drive appears to be blank by reading in and
checking the sectors in the Master Boot Record, the Primary GPT, and the
Secondary GPT.
Performs the Fast check, then reads in up to 75% of the available sectors
randomly to determine if they are blank. The blank check will stop as soon as
a non-blank data pattern is detected.
Linearly reads in up to 100% of the available sectors to check if the drive is
blank. The blank check will stop as soon as a non-blank data pattern is
detected.
A sector is considered blank if it contains only the same repeated 2-byte pattern. Any non-repeating pattern is considered to be non-blank. However, each individual sector may contain different repeating patterns. If any sector is found to not be blank, the drive is not considered blank, and the blank check will stop.
Note: The Fast and Random blank check options do not perform exhaustive checks
of the entire drive. It is possible for a drive to appear to be blank
according to a Fast or Random check while still storing forensically relevant
information.
4.6.2 Reconfigure
The Reconfigure utility allows for execution of drive specific actions, mostly
related to preparing a destination drive to be used for future Duplication and
Logical Imaging jobs. Due to the drive-altering nature of the actions
available in this utility, Reconfigure is only available for destination
drives. To access the Reconfigure utility setup screen (shown below), tap
Reconfigure from the Contents section of the drive details screen.
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Reconfigure allows sequential completion of the requested tasks without need
for user intervention. This makes it easy to execute common destination media
preparation steps in automated fashion, without having to do each one as a
separate step. For example, a destination drive could be wiped and then
formatted in one job by selecting Wipe and Format, setting the options for
each sub-step, and then tapping Start. Note that the listed order of the
optional sub-functions of Reconfigure is intentional and matches the order in
which they will be applied to the drive. Details on each Reconfigure sub-
function are provided in the sub-sections below.
4.6.2.1 Remove sector limitations
In the past, the most common method of intentionally limiting the reported
capacity of a drive was by using the ATA HPA (host protected area) and/or DCO
(device configuration overlay) feature sets. Starting with the ACS-3
(ATA/ATAPI Command Set 3) specification update, the concept of Addressable
Maximum Address (AMA) was introduced. Newer drives may support this method of
limiting the reported drive capacity. TD4 supports all these methods with
automated detection, identification, and notification that will make dealing
with them seamless and easy. From a forensic point of view, it is valuable to
know if HPA, DCO, or AMA are in use. With that knowledge, the forensic
practitioner can make an informed decision about whether to acquire data in
the hidden regions of the drive.
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Note that these methods (HPA/DCO and AMA) are mutually exclusive. A drive that
supports HPA/DCO will not support AMA, and a drive that supports AMA will not
support HPA/DCO. Also, while HPA and DCO are related features for a given
drive, HPA has a unique attribute (volatile, or temporary, removal) that
distinguishes it from DCO and AMA. For that reason, this section will cover
volatile HPA removal as a separate topic before addressing non-volatile
(permanent) removal of HPA/DCO or AMA.
TD4 also provides the ability to “shelve” a DCO or AMA, which means disabling
a source drive DCO or AMA for the purposes of evidence duplication and then
putting the same DCO/AMA back after the job is complete. See “Duplicating” on
page 58 for more details on shelving a DCO.
4.6.2.2 Volatile HPA removal
HPA can be disabled without making a permanent modification to the drive. This
is known as volatile, or temporary, removal of the HPA configuration. When a
drive that has had its HPA removed in this manner is removed from TD4 (or is
otherwise powered down) and then reconnected, it will always come back in its
original state (with the original HPA configured and enabled). Since this is a
temporary drive configuration change only (not a change to the data stored on
the drive), TD4 automatically disables HPA on any drive connected to one of
its source ports. Since DCO and AMA settings can only be disabled on a
permanent basis, TD4 does not automatically disable them on connected source
drives.
In the case of an automatic, volatile HPA removal from a connected source
drive, the TD4 user interface makes it obvious what has occurred by stating
how many HPA sectors have been exposed, as shown in the following screenshot.
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Referring to the drive details screenshot above, the fact that the HPA has
been removed is reflected in two ways. One, the drive’s Size field reflects
the full capacity of the drive (with HPA removed). And two, the Contents
section shows how many HPA sectors were exposed in red text. Note that this
HPA related information is also captured in the forensic logs.
TD4 never makes automatic changes to any drive capacity limiting
configurations on destination drives. TD4 was designed to give the forensic
practitioner complete control over the destination drive. If you choose to
restrict the destination drive capacity using HPA, DCO, or AMA, TD4 will not
override that decision.
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4.6.2.3 Non-volatile HPA/DCO/AMA removal
The Remove Sector Limitations utility permanently disables the HPA, DCO, or
AMA configurations on the selected drive. These changes are permanent, cannot
be undone, and will persist over drive power cycles.
For destination drives, the Remove Sector Limitations utility is included in
the Reconfigure function, which is available in the Contents section of the
drive details screen. Tap the desired destination drive tile from the home
screen, and then tap the Reconfigure button on the drive details screen. In
the Reconfigure Setup screen, select Remove Sector Limitations, and then press
the Start button. Any identified sector limitations (HPA/DCO or AMA) will be
removed from the destination drive.
For source drives, the Remove Sector Limitations utility is available directly
in the Contents section of the drive details screen. This is because there is
no Reconfigure utility for source drives, since most of the Reconfigure
options are specifically intended for destination drives.
Note that for HPA/DCO, you cannot remove a DCO-protected region on a drive
without also removing any HPA-protected region, as defined by the ATA
specification.
If a drive has an HPA/DCO or AMA configured, a red warning message is
displayed in the Contents section of the drive details screen indicating the
number of sectors that are hidden by the HPA/DCO/AMA. The icon is also shown
on the edge of the drive tile on the home screen and near the top of the drive
details screen to provide at-a-glance identification of the presence of a
sector limiting configuration. The screenshot below shows the drive details
screen for a drive with a DCOprotected region.
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IDE drives with a DCO require special considerations with TD4. DCO setting
changes require power-cycling the drive which, for directly connected SATA
drives, is done automatically by TD4. However, since IDE drive power can be
provided in several ways, TD4 cannot deterministically cycle an IDE drive’s
power.
To disable a DCO on an IDE drive, ensure that the IDE drive (via TDA7-5) is
the only connected source drive and then complete the following steps:
1. Tap Remove Sector Limitations from the source drive details screen and
confirm that DCO removal is desired to start the task.
2. Tap Eject at the bottom-right of the drive details screen.
3. Remove power from the IDE drive.
4. Remove TDA7-5 from TD4.
5. Re-connect TDA7-5 (with IDE drive connected) to TD4.
6. Re-connect power to the IDE drive.
Note: Specifically for IDE drives connected via TDA7-5, the forensic log for a
DCO/AMA removal job will report successful completion of the DCO removal
operation immediately after the command has been issued to the drive. TD4
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has no way of knowing if the command actually completed at the drive level.
The DCO state should be manually verified after the reboot is complete and
before subsequent jobs are started.
4.6.2.4 Wiping destination or accessory drives
The Wipe media utility provides six wipe types for destination and accessory
drives. The table below provides detailed information on each type of
supported wipe.
Note: If an HPA/DCO/AMA configuration is present on a drive that you intend to
wipe and you want to wipe the entire drive (not just the exposed portion),
select the Remove Sector Limitations function in the Reconfigure setup screen
along with the Wipe function prior to starting the Reconfigure job.
Caution
Wiping drives results in sustained writing of the media, which can create
abnormally high thermal operating conditions inside the drive. OpenText highly
recommends using a fan or an external drive cooler when wiping media on TD4 to
help prevent thermal damage to drives.
Option Overwrite
Description
Single Pass: TD4 will write a constant pattern (all zeros) to the drive in a
single pass. Verification is optional.
Multiple Pass: TD4 performs three full write passes to the destination or
accessory drive. The first pass writes zeros (0x0000) and the second pass
writes ones (0xFFFF), and the third pass writes a randomly selected constant
value between 0x0001 and 0xFFFE. Verification is optional. If enabled, it can
be configured to verify after each wipe pass or after only the last pass.
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Option Secure Erase (SSD only)
Sanitize – Block Erase (SSD only)
Sanitize Overwrite
Description
The ATA Secure Erase command instructs the drive to reset all available blocks
to the erase state. How the erase state is implemented on the drive is not
mandated by the ATA specification, which means the final data state on drives
is manufacturer dependent (and not necessarily all zeros). For drives that do
not support Secure Erase, TD4 will indicate this limitation during wipe type
selection.
Due to the indeterminate nature of the post-wipe data state, TD4 does not
offer verification for Secure Erase wipes.
Due to known issues with inconsistent and unreliable Secure Erase support on
rotating drives (HDDs), TD4 only supports this feature on SSDs.
Note that Secure Erase will erase all accessible drive space, but it will not
necessarily erase over-provisioned space or other space reserved by the
drive’s internal controller.
TD4 will force removal of any detected HPA/DCO/AMA configurations prior to
starting a Secure Erase wipe.
The ATA and SCSI Sanitize Block Erase commands instruct the drive to erase all
flash memory blocks. This is typically done electrically, not through writing
of data to the drive. While the state of post-wipe data is not mandated by the
ATA/SCSI specifications, Sanitize Block Erase typically leaves a drive in a
cleared (all zeros) state, which allows for post-wipe verification. For drives
that do not support Sanitize Block Erase, TD4 will indicate this limitation
during wipe type selection.
Note that Sanitize Block Erase will erase all user accessible drive space as
well as over-provisioned space and any other space reserved by the drive’s
internal controller.
TD4 will force removal of any detected HPA/DCO/AMA configurations prior to
starting a Sanitize Block Erase wipe.
The ATA and SCSI Sanitize Overwrite command instructs the drive to overwrite
all drive data in both storage and ondrive cache with zeros. This feature is
typically implemented on HDDs but is available on some SSDs. For drives that
do not support Sanitize Overwrite, TD4 will indicate this limitation during
wipe type selection.
Note that, for SSDs that support Sanitize Overwrite, in addition to all user-
accessible drive space, over-provisioned space and other space reserved by the
drive’s internal controller will also be erased.
TD4 will force removal of any detected HPA/DCO/AMA configurations prior to
starting a Sanitize Overwrite wipe.
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Option NIST 800-88 R1 Clear
NIST 800-88 R1 Purge
Description
A NIST Clear wipe will perform an overwrite wipe with post-wipe verification.
For USB drives it will perform three passes, and for all other drives it will
perform one pass.
TD4 will force removal of any detected HPA/DCO/AMA configurations prior to
starting a NIST 800-88 R1 Clear wipe.
For more details regarding NIST 800-88 R1 Clear, refer to SP 800-88 r1:
Guidelines for Media Sanitization which is available on NIST’s web site.
A NIST Purge wipe is only possible if the drive supports certain wipe
commands. For SSDs that support Sanitize Block Erase, that method will be used
with post-wipe verification. Otherwise, if a drive supports Sanitize
Overwrite (HDD or SSD), then that method will be used with post-wipe
verification. Drives that do not support either of these commands cannot be
NIST 800-88 R1 Purged, and the TD4 will indicate this limitation during wipe
type selection.
TD4 will force removal of any detected HPA/DCO/AMA configurations prior to
starting a NIST 800-88 R1 Purge wipe.
For more details regarding NIST 800-88 R1 Purge, refer to SP 800-88 r1:
Guidelines for Media Sanitization which is available on NIST’s web site.
Note: Secure Erase and Sanitize wipes have notable nuances, as follows:
· The exact differences between Secure Erase and Sanitize can be subtle,
depending on the drive manufacturer’s implementation. But, in general terms,
Secure Erase is adequate for environments that are not concerned with removing
any evidence of previous data in the physical memory chips. Secure Erase will
guarantee that a typical host system read will return only wiped data, but
someone with advanced capabilities to do chip-off memory structure analysis
could theoretically discern previous data bit states. Sanitize is meant to
cover situations that demand more secure data removal where advanced data
retrieval techniques are of concern, with the downside of it taking much
longer to complete.
· Secure Erase and Sanitize command requirements do not guarantee the final
state of the data on wiped drives, which can result in wipe job failures that
are out of TD4’s control. From OpenText empirical testing over a large sample
size of drives from different manufacturers, Secure Erase will reliably wipe
drives in a very short period of time, but with a higher likelihood of a non-
deterministic data state when complete, which makes reliable verification
impossible. Sanitize has proven to be more reliable in clearing all data to
zeros, which allows for post-wipe verification. If you experience Sanitize
wipe verification failures, contact OpenText My Support at https://
support.opentext.com to report the specific make and model of the drive, and
the Tableau team will investigate.
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4.6.2.5 Encrypting destination and accessory drives
TD4 can encrypt destination and accessory drives using password-based XTS-AES
whole disk encryption. This Tableau-based encryption is compatible with the
Tableau TD2u Forensic Duplicator, TX1 Tableau Forensic Imager, and the open
source VeraCrypt utility. Encryption can only be setup on destination and
accessory drives as it requires a write modification to the drive.
Caution
The encryption process overwrites the destination/accessory drive, so remember
to encrypt the destination drive before using it in a TD4 acquisition job.
To encrypt a drive attached to a TD4 destination or accessory port, select
Encrypt from the Reconfigure option list. Enter the desired encryption
password and then tap the Start button.
Note: TD4 supports auto-capitalization for text entry fields. This means that
the first character in an entry will be capitalized, and subsequent character
entries will be automatically switched to lower case. The exception is
password entry fields. Auto-capitalization is disabled for password entry
fields to avoid confusion and prevent incorrect password entries. It is
recommended to double-check password entries by viewing them in plain text
(using the eye icon at the end of the entry field) before submission.
A Tableau-encrypted destination or accessory drive can be unlocked with the
password to allow browsing or imaging/restoring to the encrypted container.
A Tableau-encrypted source drive can be unlocked with the password to allow
browsing or imaging/restoring of the drive’s unencrypted contents to a
destination drive.
OpenText is not able to recover lost passwords for TD4 encrypted media, so
take appropriate steps to ensure you never lose your password.
To remove encryption from a drive, connect the drive to a TD4 destination or
accessory port and then, without unlocking the encryption, wipe the drive.
Note: If a Tableau encrypted drive is unlocked prior to wiping, the encryption
will remain intact and only the contents of the unlocked encryption container
will be wiped. If clearing the encrypted state is desired, the drive’s
encryption must remain locked prior to initiating a wipe.
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4.6.2.6 Formatting destination and accessory drives
To perform an image duplication to or save logs to a drive, you must format
the destination or accessory drive with a filesystem that is recognizable by
TD4. TD4 supports formatting destination and accessory drives in the following
filesystem formats: exFAT, NTSF, FAT, HFS+, or EXT4.
Note: TD4 cannot format a drive with an APFS nor write to a drive with a
preexisting APFS. It will mount APFS formatted volumes as read-only on all TD4
ports (source, destination, and accessory). Such filesystems are not usable
for any activities that require writing, even on destination and accessory
ports.
exFAT is recommended for best compatibility when accessing drives with all
modern operating systems. EXT4 is recommended for use with Linux forensic
tools. HFS+ is recommended for use with MacOS forensic tools.
Note: When FAT is selected as the filesystem type for a destination drive
format, TD4 will format the drive as FAT32. However, job logs (including the
format log) and all user interface elements will simply show this as FAT. That
is because TD4 supports reading from all FAT formats (12, 16, and 32) and
simply identifying them all as FAT is considered acceptable and accurate for
filesystem identification purposes.
To format a destination or accessory drive, attach the drive to the desired
TD4 port and then tap on the associated drive tile on the TD4 home screen. Tap
the Reconfigure button in the Contents section of the drive details screen and
then select the Format option. Select the desired filesystem type and then tap
the Start button.
Note: OpenText strongly recommends not using FAT as a destination or accessory
drive filesystem. On TD4, FAT filesystems are limited to a maximum output file
size of 2GB and reading from or writing to them is known to be slower than
other filesystem types. Also, FAT does not support drives over 2TB.
4.6.3 Opal encryption
Opal encryption is a hardware-based encryption method that is managed by the
controller on the drive with only minimal host system interaction. Opal is an
industry standard created by the Trusted Computing Group (TCG) consortium that
defines, among other things, the interface protocol to these types of hardware
encrypted drives. These are commonly referred to as self-encrypting drives
(SEDs) as the host system does little more than provide a front-end interface
to manage the encryption. The control system on the drive is responsible for
encrypting/ unencrypting all stored data on the drive and controlling access
to it.
TD4 can detect Opal SEDs that have had their encryption enabled and will warn
of the presence of Opal encryption in various places in the user interface and
forensic logs. A detected locked Opal drive will have a red lock icon (with
the lock closed) on
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the edge of its home screen drive tile. Such a drive will also include a
warning message near the top of the drive details screen indicating the drive
is a locked Opal drive and that it cannot be read, as shown in the screenshot
below.
Note that Opal drives that have not had their encryption enabled will behave
as regular, non-encrypted drives.
An additional consideration for Opal drives is a unique configuration that
exposes a shadow MBR. This shadow MBR can be enabled by drive/system
developers to expose a small portion of the drive as a non-encrypted
container, which overrides the main drive information presented to the host. A
typical use case for this configuration is to enable computer manufacturers to
request credentials from a user before revealing the main portion of the
drive. Regardless of the use case, it is important to be able to identify
situations where only the shadow MBR is revealed, to make it clear that the
entire drive contents are not being seen. TD4 will detect when an Opal shadow
MBR is enabled, and clearly inform of its presence. The lock icon will show in
the affected drive tile on the home screen, and the presence of an Opal MBR
will be explicitly called out in the drive details screen. Currently,
management of Opal encryption is not supported by TD4 (including Opal
encryption unlock and Opal shadow MBR disablement). Please contact OpenText
Customer Support for acquisition options for such drives.
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Caution
Docking station type devices that have Opal drives in them must support ATA
command pass-through for TD4 to properly detect the presence of Opal
encryption. Docking stations that do not support ATA command pass-through may
present locked Opal media as all zeros with no indication of Opal encryption
being present in the TD4 user interface. Use caution when acquiring any media
via a docking station. If you suspect a drive in a docking station is Opal
encrypted but is not being presented that way in the TD4 user interface,
removing the drive from the enclosure and connecting it directly to TD4 may
yield the desired outcome.
4.6.4 APFS and BitLocker encryption
TD4 can detect the presence of filesystems encrypted with Apple’s APFS and
Microsoft’s BitLocker encryption. These encryption methods only apply to
filesystems, which is distinct from full (or whole) disk encryption methods
that are applied at the drive level, regardless of formatting. As a result,
indicating the presence of APFS and BitLocker encryption on TD4 is done
differently than the other detectable full disk encryption types (Tableau and
Opal).
TD4 will show the presence of APFS and BitLocker encryption in the filesystem
tiles shown on the drive details screen, as shown in the screenshots below.
Note: Unlike the other full disk encryption methods (Tableau and Opal), drives
with APFS and BitLocker encrypted filesystems can be physically acquired
(Duplication job) in their locked state, and then unlocked during subsequent
investigative workflow steps using tools such as OpenText EnCase Forensic.
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Note: Unlike the other full disk encryption methods (Tableau and Opal), drives
with APFS and BitLocker encrypted filesystems can be physically acquired
(Duplication job) in their locked state and then unlocked during subsequent
investigative workflow steps using tools such as OpenText’s EnCase Forensic.
4.7 Browsing
The browse function provides an easy way to view the contents of a mounted
filesystem. To browse a filesystem, tap the desired drive tile from the home
screen. The drive details screen for the selected drive will be displayed. For
drives with at least one mounted filesystem, the Contents section of the drive
details screen will show general information about the
partition(s)/filesystem(s), and a filesystem card will be displayed showing
key information for each filesystem. To browse a given filesystem, simply tap
the filesystem card from the Contents section of the drive details screen,
which will display a browse modal. A sample browse modal is shown below.
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The top part of the browse window will show the filesystem information,
followed by the current file path. The starting path location is always the
root of the filesystem, as indicated by the forward slash (/) just above the
filesystem contents section. That path information will be updated as folders
are navigated to always indicate the current path.
In the browser portion of the screen, you can scroll up and down to view the
list of directories and files. Scrolling right/left is also enabled if
filenames are long and go off the screen. The size of each file is shown in
parentheses at the end of the filename.
To open individual directories, double-tap the directory name or single-tap
the directory to select, and then tap the open directory icon . Tap the up
directory icon
to back out of a directory.
For destination and accessory drives, new directories can be created and
directories/ files can be deleted. To create a new directory, simply tap the
create directory icon and enter the new directory name. To delete a directory
or file, single-tap the directory or file to select, and then tap the delete
icon .
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4.8 Case information
Case information is a key part of any digital investigation. When entered on
TD4, case information will be displayed in key places throughout the user
interface during job execution and captured in forensic logs. This allows easy
correlation of key acquisition artifacts with specific cases throughout an
investigation.
To enter case information, expand the Case Info function tile from the home
screen. Tap each of the fields to enter the desired text. Note that text entry
fields on TD4 are live. That means what you type will automatically be saved
when you navigate away from the text entry field, with no need to explicitly
save the new entry.
The following case information can be entered on TD4: Examiner Name, Case ID,
and Case Notes.
At the bottom of the Case Info function tile is a selection box that will
drive a prompt to enter Job Notes at the start of each job. When this box is
checked, an advanced settings screen will appear before the start of each job
that allows Job Notes to be entered. This allows for specific information
about a particular piece of digital evidence to be entered and captured in the
forensic log for each job.
4.9 Duplicating
TD4 will duplicate one source drive to up to five destination drives. Only one
source may be connected at a time and thus only one forensic job can be run at
a time. For a given job, the destinations can be a mix of cloned and imaged
copies.
Note: This section is focused on whole-disk duplication operations, also known
as physical imaging. See “Logical imaging” on page 68 for details on that
alternative acquisition method.
Before starting any forensic job, TD4 automatically checks for preconditions.
These preconditions are related to specific job setup parameters that could
impact the ability of TD4 to execute the desired job. Some preconditions
produce warnings that appear in the expanded function tile on the home screen.
Some of those warnings require changes before being able to start the job,
while others are informational and do not prevent the job from starting. For
any precondition checks that may require changes, an advanced settings screen
will appear after pressing the Start button to allow the appropriate settings
to be adjusted before starting the job.
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4.9.1 Cloning
A clone, also known as a disk-to-disk duplication, makes an exact copy of the
source drive to the destination drive(s).
TD4 will automatically select clone for any destinations that have no
detectable filesystems. If any such destinations are connected, an
informational message will appear in the expanded Duplicate function tile on
the home screen to indicate that those drives will be clones.
Note: The icon indicates no detectable filesystems and will be shown next to
the clone informational message in the expanded Duplicate function tile and on
the left side of any applicable destination drive tiles. Those types of
destination drives will always become a clone of the source drive.
It is best practice to wipe destination media before duplicating to it as this
can help to identify potentially defective media and bad sectors, and it can
reduce the risk of cross-contaminating a clone duplication with stale data.
Note that, at the beginning of clone and restore jobs, TD4 prepares the
destination drive by wiping sectors 0, 1, and end-of-drive minus 1. This
ensures there is no stale partition table data on the drive, which reduces the
possibility of drive detection issues at the end of the job.
Note: Because partition table information is relative to the sector size of
the source drive, cloning to a destination drive with a different sector size
is not allowed. TD4 will detect this sector size mismatch issue and warn the
user. This condition will need to be rectified before the clone job can be
started.
4.9.2 Imaging
An image, also known as disk-to-file duplication, copies the source drive to a
series of files (sometimes called segments) on the destination drive. TD4
supports EnCase file formats Ex01 and E01 and raw file formats dd and dmg. For
Ex01 and E01 output types, compression is supported and enabled by default.
For image file outputs, the maximum segment size can be set in system settings
to any of the following: 2 GB, 4 GB, 8 GB, or Unlimited. Smaller segments
create more segment files and Unlimited creates one large file segment.
Note: Not all image file size options are available in all situations. Due to
filesystem addressing limitations, FAT32 formatted destinations have a maximum
file size of 2 GB.
If the destination drive is smaller than the source, a dd or dmg image will
not fit on the destination drive. However, if using Ex01 or E01, the source
drive may fit on a smaller drive because these formats can compress the data
before writing to the destination drive. There is no guarantee that the data
will be compressed enough to fit on a smaller destination drive, especially in
cases where the data is mostly incompressible such as encrypted data.
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Note: Be careful when attempting to image a source drive to a same size or
smaller destination drive, even if compression is enabled. Image file
formatting adds overhead and, when coupled with incompressible data (such as
encrypted data), a larger destination drive may be needed.
If the available filesystem space on a destination drive is the same size as
or smaller than the source drive for an imaging job (Ex01 or E01 format), and
compression is disabled, TD4 will prevent the job from being started. Enable
compression and/or use a destination with more available filesystem space to
be able to start such a job.
4.9.3 Performing a duplication
To perform a duplication:
1. Follow the steps listed in “Connecting drives” on page 27 to connect the
source drive and destination drive(s).
2. Ensure that all destination drives are formatted according to the type of
duplication job output desired for each drive. Destinations that have
filesystems will automatically receive an image file type output according to
the `Duplicate’ File Type system setting (Ex01, E01, DD, or DMG). Destinations
that have no detectable filesystems will automatically receive a clone of the
source drive.
Note: When no filesystems are detected on a destination drive, that drive will
automatically receive a clone of the source drive. In this case, a message
will appear in the Duplicate function tile before job start and a small icon
will appear there and on the home screen drive tile to indicate that the drive
will be a clone. That icon will also be present on the destination drive tile
within the job status screen.
3. Expand the Duplicate function tile on the home screen. A summary of the
main job settings will be shown along with any pertinent warning messages, as
can be seen in the screenshot below. Verify the settings, resolve any blocking
warnings, and then tap the Start button. If none of the settings are set to
prompt and there are no other job configuration issues that need to be
resolved, the job will start, and the job status screen will be displayed.
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If any of the job settings are set to Prompt, the advanced settings screen
will appear which will allow selection of the specific settings desired for
the impending job. The Prompt option is available for the following system
settings: Hashes, `Duplicate’ File Type, Readback Verification, and Trim
Clones.
If there are any issues with the job setup/configuration that TD4 considers to
be blocking or of forensic significance, the advanced settings screen will
appear and provide information about the issue and the ability to rectify it,
if possible. An example of a blocking configuration issue is if a SHA-256 hash
is selected with E01 file type output. E01 does not support SHA-256 hashes.
The screenshot below is an example of the advanced settings screen for a
Duplicate job with a Prompt setting (Readback Verification) and an issue of
forensic significance (DCO present on source).
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Once all the advanced setup screen settings have been resolved/verified, tap
the Start button to begin the Duplication job.
4. After a Duplication job is started, a job status screen will appear, as
shown below.
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You may cancel an active job by tapping Cancel in the bottom-right corner of
the job status screen. You may also export the job log from this screen (even
for inprogress jobs, if desired) by tapping the Export button in the bottom-
left corner and then selecting the desired destination or accessory
drive/filesystem.
The source and destination drives used in a job are shown near the bottom of
the job status screen. These drive cards provide basic drive information, such
as the connected port name, the overall size of the drive, and either the
Evidence ID (if entered) or the drive’s make/model/serial number.
Note: The drive cards in the job status screen can be tapped to show detailed
drive information. However, when drive details are viewed from this area, the
information is considered historical as of the start of the job, as indicated
by date and time information in the top-right corner of the drive details
screen. This means that changes to drive information during the job (such as
reduced free space on the destination drive) will not be reflected and
browsing of any mounted filesystems is disabled. To see a live version of the
drive details and to be able to browse mounted filesystems (even during an
active job), use the drive tiles on the home screen to access the drive
details screens.
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Icons will appear on the job status screen drive cards to provide at-a-glance
indication of things like no detectable filesystem present , HPA/DCO/AMA in
place , or the presence of Tableau encryption (locked or unlocked) .
Note: An easy way to tell which destination drives are getting which type of
Duplication job output (clone or image) is to look for the `no filesystem’
icon in the top-right area of the destination drive cards on the job status
screen. Seeing that icon means that drive will be made a clone of the source
drive.
4.9.4 Files created during disk-to-file duplication
When performing an image-based duplication job, TD4 creates files (sometimes
called segments) on the destination drive that contain the data copied from
the drive.
Segments are written to the destination drive according to the following
convention (Ex01 output shown as an example):
[directory_name]/
[filename].Ex01
[filename].Ex02
.
.
.
[filename].Ex99
[filename].log.html
[filename].td4_packed_log
[directory_name] is defined in the Evidence File Path Directory setting. The
default value is /td4images/%d%t/, where %d is the current date and %t is
the current time at the start of the Duplication job.
[filename] is defined in the Evidence File Path Filename setting. The default
value is image.
[filename].Ex01 (or .E01 or, for dd/dmg outputs, .001) is the first segment or
portion of the data copied from the source drive. All other segments have
sequential standard segment names (for example, [filename].Ex02,
[filename].Ex03, and so on). Note that, for cancelled or failed jobs, there
may also be a [filename].Ex01.partial file in the output directory.
Note: The Max File Size system setting will determine the size of the output
segment files. The options are 2GB, 4GB, 8GB, and Unlimited. The information
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above regarding segment file naming conventions applies to all but the
Unlimited setting. For Unlimited, TD4 will capture all source drive data in
one large segment file on each destination with an extension of .EX01, .E01,
or, for dd/dmg, .001. Also, due to a FAT32 filesystem limitation, if any one
of the destination drives is formatted as FAT32, all destinations will get 2GB
segment files.
TD4 generates a [filename].log.html file for each image job. This is the
forensic log for each job. It also creates a [filename].TD4_packed_log file,
which can be used to do a standalone verification of the original image or to
restore an image file to the original drive format.
4.9.5 Pausing and resuming a duplication job
In certain situations, significant amounts of imaging time can be saved by
being able to pause and later resume a duplication job. And losing hours of
imaging time due to an unexpected power loss can be frustrating and
inefficient. TD4 has you covered, providing the means to pause and resume
imaging jobs with the following output file formats: e01, ex01, dd, and dmg.
To pause a running duplication imaging job, simply tap the Pause button near
the top of the active job status screen and confirm your desire to pause the
job. The job will be paused, as shown in the screenshot below.
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To resume a paused job, tap the Play button near the top of the job status
screen. If the job status screen of a paused job is not currently displayed,
it can be redisplayed by tapping on the paused job in the Job History list.
Note: If an imaging job has been paused and a new Duplicate job is started,
that new job will start from the beginning. To resume a previously paused job,
you must locate the paused job in the Job History list and tap on it to
display its job status screen before tapping the Play button.
If the Play button is grayed out on the job status screen of a previously
paused job, it likely means that the job conditions are not the same as before
the pause. This can include obvious conditions like the original source and
destination drives not being present. Another possible reason for an inactive
Play button is if the destination is full-disk encrypted and the unit was
power cycled after the initial pause, and the encryption was not unlocked
after the subsequent power up. In general, check to make sure that the job
conditions are exactly the same prior to attempting to resume a previously
paused job.
TX1 also supports resuming a job after a power loss. For the supported job
types (e01, -ex01, ¬dd, ¬dmg), if power is unexpectedly lost during an imaging
job (including manual shut down from power button long press), it can be
resumed
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after power is restored. To resume a job after a power loss event, make sure
the original drives are connected to TD4 before turning it back on. Then
locate the paused job in the Job History screen. Note that paused jobs will
show with a partially completed blue status bar. Tap on the paused job to view
its job status screen, and then tap on the Play button to resume the job.
The forensic logs for paused and resumed jobs will provide some specific and
unique information. The information differs slightly depending on the source
of the pause event (manually initiated or power loss). In the case of a manual
pause event, a line will be added to the log to indicate the date and time of
the event. Each subsequent pause (if manually initiated) and resume event is
logged, providing an accurate capture of how many pause/resume cycles occurred
during the job. When unexpected power loss is the cause of the pause, there is
no time for the system to log the pause time before shutting down, so that
information is unavailable and thus not included in the log. In that case, a
message is added to the log after the job is resumed to indicate that the
missing pause information is likely due to a power loss event, and the job’s
elapsed time is not calculated, since it cannot be accurately determined. The
following log sample shows a completed power loss paused/ resumed job. Note
that, had this been a manually paused/resumed job, the line with the possible
power loss warning would be replaced by a Paused field, with the date and time
of the pause event.
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4.10 Logical imaging
TD4 provides the ability to logically image source drive folders and files
from detectable filesystems. When used in conjunction with physical disk
imaging, logical imaging enables rapid acquisition of source file data,
providing TD4 users the ability to balance thoroughness with acquisition time
and effort for the demands of a given case.
TD4 logical imaging jobs will create industry standard Lx01 logical evidence
files, which are compatible with EnCase Forensic and other common digital
forensics investigation tools. Each logical imaging job will also create a
forensic log file, with a file extension of .log.html. For details on all
logical imaging output files, see “Files created during a logical image job”
on page 73.
TD4logical imaging acquires all files/folders on the source filesystem with no
opportunity to down select or target specific files/folders as is possible on
TX1. TD4 logical imaging is still considered a valuable option for time-
sensitive situations where acquiring a full physical image of the drive is not
possible or to get a jump on file analysis/triage while a secondary physical
image is being acquired.
Due to the fact that source file data compressibility is not determined prior
to starting a logical imaging job, it is not possible to determine with
certainty if the data from a source filesystem will fit on a destination
filesystem. As a result, TD4 only warns the user that a destination may be too
small when the used space of the source filesystem is larger than the
available space on the destination, and the job can still be started. However,
if the source data is highly incompressible (or if compression is disabled),
it is possible for the destination filesystem to become full, thus causing the
job to fail.
Note: Use caution when attempting to logically image from a source filesystem
to a smaller destination filesystem. If the source data is not compressible,
the job may fail due to lack of space on the destination.
Unlike a physical duplication job, the option of shelving a source drive
DCO/AMA (removing it and then re-applying it at the end of the job) does not
exist in logical imaging. The existence of a DCO or AMA will be obvious (per
warnings in multiple locations), but the DCO/AMA will need to be permanently
removed using the Remove HPA/DCO/AMA utility before gaining access to all
portions of the source media.
Filesystem read errors encountered during logical imaging jobs may result in
unpredictable acquisition behavior. When they occur, such errors are indicated
by a red warning message at the top of the Logical Image progress section of
the job status screen. TD4 will skip any file that results in a read error and
will attempt to read any remaining files. The CSV output will show an error
status for any files that were not acquired. If you encounter filesystem read
errors during a logical imaging job, we recommend that you clone or physically
image the drive (e01, ex01, dd, dmg) instead of trying to do a logical image.
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4.10. Logical imaging
4.10.1 Performing a logical image
To perform a logical image:
1. Follow the steps listed in “Connecting drives” on page 27 to connect the
source and destination drives.
2. Ensure that all destination drives have at least one mountable filesystem.
Destinations that have mounted filesystems will receive an Lx01 image file
output. Destinations that have no detectable filesystems will not receive any
outputs from a Logical Image job.
Note: Each destination drive used in a Logical Image job must have a
filesystem to store the resulting acquisition output files. If any of the
attached destination drives do not have a detectable filesystem, a warning
message will appear above the Start button indicating that destinations must
have filesystems. If there is at least one destination drive with a
filesystem, the Logical Image job may still be started, but only the
destinations that have mounted filesystems will receive the output evidence
files.
3. Expand the Logical Image function tile on the home screen. A summary of
the main job settings will be shown along with any pertinent warning messages
as can be seen in the screenshot below. Verify the settings, resolve any
blocking warnings, and then tap the Start button. If none of the settings are
set to prompt and there are no other job configuration issues that need to be
resolved, the job will start, and the job status screen will be displayed.
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If any of the job settings are set to Prompt, an advanced settings screen will
appear which will allow selection of the specific settings desired for the
impending job. The Prompt option is available for the following system
settings related to Logical Imaging: Hashes and Readback Verification.
If there are any issues with the Logical Image job setup/configuration that
TD4 considers to be blocking or of forensic significance, an advanced settings
screen will appear and provide information about the issue and the ability to
rectify it, if possible. An example of a blocking configuration issue is if
SHA-256 is selected in system settings. LX01 does not support SHA-256 hashing.
The screenshot below is an example of the advanced settings screen for a
Logical Image job with a Prompt setting (Readback Verification) and an issue
of forensic significance (SHA-256 selected). Note that the items that directly
caused the advanced settings screen to be displayed are shown as expanded but
that other, potentially related setting items will also appear in that screen
unexpanded.
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4.10. Logical imaging
Once all the advanced settings screen settings have been resolved/verified,
tap the Start button to begin the Logical Image job.
Note: As indicated by the informative message in the screenshot above (“This
is your system default”), whenever a setting is changed in an advanced
settings screen as part of the setup for a specific job, that is equivalent to
changing that setting in the main Settings menu.
4. After a Logical Image job is started, its job status screen will appear,
as shown below.
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The number of files found on the source filesystem along with the total size
of those files is shown just under the header section of the job status
screen, above the Logical Image progress bar. Note that TD4 logical imaging
acquires all files/ folders on the source filesystem with no opportunity to
down select or target specific files/folders as is possible on TX1.
You may cancel an active Logical Image job by tapping Cancel in the
bottomright corner of the job status screen. You may also Export the job log
from this screen (even for an in-progress job, if desired) by tapping the
Export button in the bottom-left corner and then selecting the desired
destination or accessory drive/filesystem.
The source and destination drives used in a Logical Image job are shown near
the bottom of the job status screen. These drive cards provide basic drive
information, such as the connected port name, the overall size of the drive,
and either the Evidence ID (if entered) or the drive’s make/model/serial
number. Icons will appear on these drive cards to provide at-a-glance
indication of things
like no detectable filesystem present , HPA/DCO/AMA in place , or the
presence of Tableau encryption (locked or unlocked) .
Note: The drive cards in the job status screen can be tapped to show detailed
drive information. However, when drive details are viewed from
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4.10. Logical imaging
this area, the information is considered historical as of the start of the
job, as indicated by date and time information in the top-right corner of the
drive details screen. This means that changes to drive information during the
job (such as reduced free space on the destination drive) will not be
reflected and browsing of any mounted filesystems is disabled. To see a live
version of the drive details and to be able to browse mounted filesystems
(even during an active job), use the drive tiles on the home screen to access
the drive details screens.
4.10.2 Files created during a logical image job
When performing a logical image on TD4, multiple different files may be output
to each destination depending on the job configuration, as follows:
· {image_name}.Lx01, {image_name}.Lx02, etc. are the forensic evidence files
for the operation. They contain all the data and metadata for each file and
folder acquired.
· {image_name}.csv is a comma-separated values file that contains certain
metadata for every file and folder acquired. This type of file can easily be
imported into many common data processing applications such as Microsoft
Excel. CSV file data contents and format information can be found in “Source
file metadata” on page 73.
· {image_name}.log.html contains the forensic log of the logical imaging job.
· {image_name}.TD4_packed_log contains a TD4 readable copy of the forensic log
that can later be used for standalone verification of the Lx01 file set.
4.10.3 Logical image verification
Verification of Lx01 files differs from verification of physical imaging
operations because, in an Lx01 file, there is no overall hash. Each file’s
data stored in the Lx01 has an associated hash that was calculated during the
original acquisition. The logical imaging verification function reads back the
file data from the Lx01 on the destination, calculates a new hash value for
each file, and compares that hash value to the originally stored acquisition
hash value. A failure of any one file to match the original acquisition hash
value will result in a verification failure.
4.10.4 Source file metadata
Logical imaging with TD4 includes source file metadata in the CSV output file,
as shown in the table below.
Column Path
Type
Content
Contains the full, filesystem-relative path for this entry. Example: /
users/charles/pictures.
Either contains “Directory,””Symlink,” or “File,” depending on what kind of
entry this row represents.
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Column Filesize Creation Date Accessed Date Modified Date Written Date MD5
Hash
SHA1 Hash
File Status
Content
The file size, in bytes, of the entry. This field is empty for directories.
The IS0 8601 UTC date/time string for the creation date of this entry. This
field is empty if the creation date is unavailable.
The IS0 8601 UTC date/time string for the accessed date of this entry. This
field is empty if the accessed date is unavailable.
The IS0 8601 UTC date/time string for the modified date of this entry. This
field is empty if the modified date is unavailable.
The IS0 8601 UTC date/time string for the written date of this entry. This
field is empty if the written date is unavailable.
The MD5 Hash of the entry. This field is empty for directories. It is also
empty if no MD5 hash was calculated, no MD5 hash was configured, or the entry
did not match the rules for acquisition.
The SHA1 Hash of the entry. This field is empty for directories. It is also
empty if no SHA1 hash was calculated, no SHA1 hash was configured, or the
entry did not match the rules for acquisition.
OK if there were no problems reading file data/metadata.
ERRORS if there were errors reading file data and/or metadata.
Matched Rules
This field is empty for directories.
“Y”if the file matched the acquisition’s rules for inclusion. For TD4, this
will always show a match as file/folder down selection/filtering is not
supported.
4.11 Hashing
Forensic practitioners may need to calculate the hash values, or fingerprints,
for a source drive without making a copy of the drive. The Hash function can
generate MD5, SHA-1, and SHA-256 hash values for a source drive, as determined
by the Hashes system setting.
1. Follow the steps listed in “Connecting drives” on page 27 to connect the
desired source drive.
Note: Since TD4 only allows one source drive to be used for any job, connect
only the desired hash source drive and ensure no other source drives are
attached. If any other source drives are attached, a warning will be provided
in the Hash function tile and the Start button will be inactive (grayed out).
2. Expand the Hash function tile on the home screen. A summary of the
pertinent job settings will be shown along with any applicable warning
messages. Verify the settings, resolve any blocking warnings, and then tap the
Start button. If none of the settings are set to Prompt and there are no other
job configuration issues that need to be resolved, the job will start, and the
job status screen will be displayed.
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4.11. Hashing
If the Hash system setting is set to Prompt, an advanced settings screen will
appear which will allow selection of the hash types for the job. Select the
desired hash types and then tap the Start button to begin the Hash job. 3.
After the Hash job is started, the job status screen will appear, as shown
below.
You may cancel an active Hash job by tapping Cancel in the bottom-right corner
of the job status screen. You may also export the job log from this screen
(even for an in-progress job, if desired) by tapping the Export button in the
bottom-left corner and then selecting the desired destination or accessory
drive/filesystem.
The source drive used in the Hash job will be shown near the bottom of the job
status screen. This drive card provides basic drive information, such as the
connected port name, the overall size of the drive, and either the Evidence ID
(if entered) or the drive’s make/model/serial number. Icons will appear on
these drive cards to provide at-a-glance indication of things like no
detectable
filesystem present , HPA/DCO/AMA in place , or the presence of Tableau
encryption (locked or unlocked) .
Note: The drive cards in the job status screen can be tapped to show detailed
drive information. However, when drive details are viewed from this area, the
information is considered historical as of the start of the job,
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as indicated by date/time information in the top-right corner of the drive
details screen. To see a live version of the drive details and to be able to
browse mounted filesystems, use the drive tiles on the home screen to access
the drive details screen.
4.12 Verifying
The standalone Verify function verifies the integrity of an existing image
file by reading back the data from the image file, calculating a hash value of
that data, and then comparing that calculated hash value with the value of the
original acquisition hash.
Note that, while the same Verify function can be used for standalone
verification of physical and logical images, the underlying mechanism is
different. This is because physical images contain whole disk acquisition hash
values and logical images contain file-based acquisition hash values. No
difference will be noticed during the verification job itself, but the source
image type will make a difference in how the results are reported. For a
physical image verification job, the drive-level readback hash values will be
reported in the forensic log. For a logical image verification job, a simple
pass/fail indication will be reported in the forensic log. A pass indicates
that all the file-based verification hashes match the original acquisition
file hashes. If any individual file in a logical image file fails to verify,
the entire verification job will show as failed.
1. Follow the steps listed in “Connecting drives” on page 27 to connect the
desired destination drive.
Note: Verification jobs use only destination or accessory drives as the source
of the verification inputs.
2. Expand the Verify function tile on the home screen, and then tap the Start
button.
3. In the advanced settings screen, tap the Select a log file button to
launch a browse modal. Browse to the appropriate destination/accessory drive
and filesystem, locate the desired .td4_packed_log file, and select that file
by tapping it once. Then tap the Select button.
Note: When browsing for packed log files, only files with an extension of
.td4_packed_log will be shown in the browse window.
4. Review the selected filesystem and file path information, and, if
accurate, tap the Start button to begin the verification job. The Verify job
status screen will appear.
You may cancel an active Verify job by tapping Cancel in the bottom-right
corner of the job status screen. You may also Export the job log from this
screen (even for an in-progress job, if desired) by tapping the Export button
in the bottom-left corner and then selecting the desired destination or
accessory drive/ filesystem.
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4.13. Restoring
The drive used in the Verification job will be shown near the bottom of the
job status screen. This drive card provides basic drive information, such as
the connected port name, the overall size of the drive, and either the
Evidence ID (if entered) or the drive’s make/model/serial number. Icons will
appear on these drive cards to provide at-a-glance indication of things like
no detectable filesystem present , HPA/DCO/AMA in place , or the presence of
Tableau encryption (locked or unlocked) .
Note: The drive cards in the job status screen can be tapped to show detailed
drive information. However, when drive details are viewed from this area, the
information is considered historical as of the start of the job, as indicated
by the date and time information in the top-right corner of the drive details
screen. To see a live version of the drive details and to be able to browse
mounted filesystems, use the drive tiles on the home screen to access the
drive details screen.
4.13 Restoring
The Restore function allows for recreation of the original drive format from a
previously created TD4 forensic image file. The uses for this feature are
varied but include the ability to use a restored drive as a system boot disk
and to simply create an archival copy of the evidence in its original format
for future case reference.
The Restore function works with all physical duplication image file types
(E01, Ex01, dd, dmg). It does not support restoration from a logical image
file set (Lx01).
It is best practice to wipe destination media before restoring to it as this
can help to identify potentially defective media and bad sectors, and it can
reduce the risk of cross-contaminating a restored drive with stale data.
Note that, at the beginning of a Restore job, TD4 prepares the destination
drive by wiping sectors 0, 1, and end-of-drive minus 1. This ensures there is
no stale partition table data on the drive which reduces the possibility of
drive detection issues at the end of the job.
Note: Because partition table information is relative to the sector size of
the source drive, restoring to a destination drive with a different sector
size is not allowed. TD4 will detect this sector size mismatch issue and warn
the user. This condition will need to be rectified before the Restore job can
be started.
To restore a drive from an image file:
1. Follow the steps listed in “Connecting drives” on page 27 to connect the
desired source and destination drives.
Note: Restore jobs use source drives as the source of the input files (packed
log file and image segment files). Also, a Restore job will effectively wipe
any destination drives that are attached/detected at the time the job is
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started. Make sure none of your destinations have critical files on them
before starting a Restore job.
2. Expand the Restore function tile on the home screen, and then tap the
Start button. The Restore Setup screen will appear.
3. In the Restore Setup screen, tap the Select a log file button to launch a
browse modal. Browse to the appropriate source drive/filesystem, locate the
desired .td4_packed_log file (the one from which you want to restore), and
select that file by tapping it once. Then tap the Select button.
Note: When browsing for packed log files, only files with an extension of
.td4_packed_log will be shown in the browse window.
4. Review the selected filesystem and file path information, verify any other
settings in the Restore Setup screen, and, if everything is set properly, tap
the Start button to begin the Restore job. The Restore job status screen will
appear.
Notes
· During the Restore job, hashes are calculated as data is extracted from the
source evidence file set and written out to the destination. These hashes are
considered source hashes and are thus captured in the source section of the
Restore job’s forensic log. Even if Readback Verification is not enabled for
the Restore job, these source hashes are compared to the original physical
image acquisition hashes and, if a mismatch is detected, the Restore job will
fail.
· If Readback Verification is enabled for a Restore job, the portion of the
destination drive that was written out during the Restore (which matches the
size of the original source drive) will be read back, and readback hash values
will be calculated and compared to the source hashes. If a mismatch is
detected, the verification portion of the Restore job will fail. These
readback hashes are captured in the destination section of the Restore job’s
forensic log. Note that if the readback hash values matched the source hash
values, they will be considered lower priority pieces of data in the HTML
forensic logs and thus hidden by default. These hashes can be viewed by
expanding the destination drive section(s) of the forensic log.
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4.14. Forensic logs
4.14 Forensic logs
TD4 generates a detailed log for all forensic jobs and most media utility
operations. The information captured during each job is used to create both
the job status screens seen in the user interface (available from the Job
History list) and the forensic job logs that can be exported to an external
drive. This section is specific to the exported forensic logs. For information
on the Job History list and job status screens, see “Job history” on page 37
and “Job status” on page 36.
The detailed information captured in the forensic logs will depend on the job
type. A summary of the information captured for an image-based duplication job
is shown below. See the sample logs at the end of this section for some
specific job log examples.
· Status: Overall job status (Incomplete, Ok, Error/Failed, Canceled),
date/time stamps, identification of TD4 as the acquisition system, and the
firmware version in use at the time of the acquisition. The following pieces
of optional information will also be included in this section: Examiner name,
Case ID, Case Notes, and Job Notes.
· Source: Source drive details, including overall drive information (Evidence
ID (if set), interface type, TD4 port, make/model number, firmware version,
serial number(s), protocol specific details (e.g., SCSI/USB info), HPA/DCO/AMA
related information, RAID and encryption information, size/layout information,
and the partition table type), partition details, and, if present and
supported by TD4, filesystem specific information.
· Acquisition Results: Details about the acquisition aspects of the job,
including block start and count numbers, acquisition hash values, and read
error information.
· Configuration: Job configuration information, such as the output file format
type, segment file size, and whether or not compression was enabled.
· Image Destination: Destination drive details, including readback
verification hash values (if enabled for the job), overall drive information
(interface type, TD4 port, make/model number, firmware version, serial
number(s), protocol specific details (e.g., SCSI/USB info), HPA/DCO/AMA
related information, RAID and encryption information, size/layout information,
and the partition table type), partition details, and filesystem specific
information.
· Failure Summary: If a failure occurred during the job, this section will be
shown and will include a failure reason and code. Note that the failure code
is not intended to be meaningful to the end user. In cases where customer
support is required to resolve a job failure situation, the failure code
should be noted and included in the incident report. This information will
help in determining the root cause of the failure.
To access the job logs stored on your TD4, expand the Job History function
tile on the home screen and then tap in the lower portion of the function
tile. A list of all the jobs stored on the unit will be displayed. Tapping on
a job will display its job status screen. Note that you cannot open and view
forensic logs files directly on TD4. job
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status screens show the key information about the job, but the job log will
need to be exported to a destination or accessory drive to be able to view the
forensic log file on a separate computer.
4.14.1 Sample logs
Two sample logs are shown below – one from a successful duplication and one
from a failed standalone verification. As shown in the HTML log samples, there
are up/ down arrows on the right side of each section header. A down arrow
indicates the section is collapsed; An up arrow indicates it has been
expanded. The sample HTML logs below are shown with all fields collapsed for
simplicity. Each piece of log information was categorized as critical or
supplementary, and only the critical information is shown when a section is
collapsed. When an exported log is viewed on a separate computer, each section
can be expanded to show the detailed, supplementary information. In that
expanded view, the critical information is highlighted with bold field
descriptions, while the supplementary information is shown in light gray. Note
that specific pieces of log information may be considered supplementary in one
situation but critical in another. For example, the encryption information for
a given source drive will be considered supplementary if the drive has no
encryption but will become critical if encryption is detected.
The initial state for any HTML log will be to show all fields collapsed with
only the critical information displayed. While individual sections can be
toggled between showing all the information or just a summary, there is a
button at the top right side of the HTML log screen that will allow all
sections to be expanded or collapsed.
Error messaging in the HTML logs has some unique functionality as well. Any
error conditions will show in red text as critical information in the
summarized view. Expanding the section with an error condition will show more
detailed information on the error status, including the cause of the error.
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Sample Log 1 Successful EX01 Duplication
4.14. Forensic logs
Note: All log sections are collapsed except for Acquisition Results.
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Note: All log sections are collapsed except for the Driv
References
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