FLUKE 5904 Metal Freeze Point Cell User Guide

FLUKE 5904 Metal Freeze Point Cell

Product Information

Specifications

• Model Numbers: 5904, 5905, 5906, 5907, 5908, 5909
• Product   Type: Metal Freeze Point Cell
• Year: 2004
• Revision: 1

Introduction

The Metal Freeze Point Cell is designed to provide precise freezing points for the calibration of standard platinum resistance thermometers.

Usage Instructions

Defining Metal Freezing Points

The table provides the assigned temperatures and resistance ratios for different metal freezing points used in calibration:

Fixed Point| Assigned Temperature T90 (K)| Pressure Effect of Fixed Points (dt/dP)| dWr/dt (x 0.001)
---|---|---|---

Calibration Subranges

Calibration requires different freezing points for various subranges as outlined in Table 2:

Metal Freezing Point Cell Components

The Metal Freeze Point Cell consists of essential components for accurate calibration as shown in Figure 1.

FAQ

Q: What is the warranty coverage for the Metal Freeze Point Cell?

• A: Fluke offers a limited warranty covering refund, repair, or replacement of defective products returned within the warranty period.

Q: Are there any limitations to the warranty?

• A: The warranty excludes special, indirect, incidental, or consequential damages and may have limitations based on specific jurisdictions.

Introduction

• The International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90) is based on a series of defining fixed points. At temperatures above 273.16 K, most of the fixed points are the freezing points of specified pure metals.
• Pure metals melt and freeze at a unique temperature through a process involving the absorption or liberation of the latent heat of fusion.
• A metal freezing point is the phase equilibrium between the liquid phase and solid phase of a pure metal at a pressure of one standard atmospheric pressure (101.325 kPa).
• The freezing points of indium, tin, zinc, aluminum, silver, gold, and copper are the defining fixed points of the ITS-90.
• The temperature values of these freezing points assigned by the ITS-90, the pressure effect constants, and the resistance ratios of the ITS-90 reference function (10a) are listed in Table 1.

Table 1. The Defining Metal Freezing Points of the Resistance Ratios

 | Pressure Effect of Fixed Points|
---|---|---
Fixed Point| Assigned Temperature

T 90 (K)              t 90 (°C)

| dt/dP (10-8 K/Pa) [1]| dt/dh (10-3 K/m)| We (T90)| dW r /dt ( x 0.001)
FP In| 429.7485| 156.5985| 4.9| 3.3| 1.60980185| 3.801024
FP Sn| 505.078| 231.928| 3.3| 2.2| 1.89279768| 3.712721
FP Zn| 692.677| 419.527| 4.3| 2.7| 2.56891730| 3.495367
FP Al| 933.473| 660.323| 7.0| 1.6| 3.37600860| 3.204971
FP Ag| 1234.93| 961.78| 6.0| 5.4| 4.28642053| 2.840862
FP Au| 1337.33| 1064.18| 6.1| 10| —| —
FP Cu| 1357.77| 1084.62| 3.3| 2.6| —| —
[1] Equivalent to millikelvins per standard atmosphere.

• All of these fixed points are intrinsic temperature standards according to the definition of the ITS-90. Under controlled conditions, these freezing points are highly reproducible.
• The variance among different realizations of a freezing point should be well within 1.0 mK for the freezing points of indium, tin, and zinc; and within a few millikelvin for the freezing points of aluminum, silver, gold, and copper.
• For your convenience, Fluke has developed a sealed cell design and a new technique for the realization of the freezing points, which has made it easy to realize these fixed points.
• These freezing points are indispensable for the calibration of a standard platinum resistance thermometer (SPRT). Different sub-ranges require different sets of freezing points, as summarized in Table 2.

Table 2. Subranges of the ITS-90 and Freezing Points Required for Calibration

Before You Start Symbols Used

Table 3 lists the International Electrical Symbols. Some or all of these symbols may be used on the instrument or in this manual.

Safety Information

• Use this instrument only as specified in this manual. Otherwise, the protection provided by the instrument may be impaired.
• The following definitions apply to the terms “Warning” and “Caution”.
• Warning” identifies conditions and actions that may pose hazards to the user.
• Caution” identifies conditions and actions that may damage the instrument being used.

Warning To avoid personal injury, follow these guidelines:

• DO NOT use this instrument for any application other than calibration work.
• DO NOT use this instrument in environments other than those listed in the Users Guide.
• Follow all safety guidelines listed in the Users Guide.
• Avoid leaving a PRT installed for an extended time which can cause the PRT handle to become hot.
• Calibration Equipment should only be used by trained personnel.
• Use the Product only as specified, or the protection supplied by the Product can be compromised.
• Do not use and disable the Product if it is damaged.
• Use this Product indoors only.
• Have an approved technician repair the Product.

Caution To avoid possible damage to the instrument, follow these guidelines:

• Keep the cell clean and avoid contact with bare hands, tap water, or contaminated PRTs. If there is any chance that the cell has been contaminated, clean the quartz with reagent-grade alcohol before inserting it into a furnace.
• Use the product in the vertical orientation only.

How to Contact Fluke

• To contact Fluke, call one of the following telephone numbers.
• Technical Support USA: 1-877-355-3225
• Calibration/Repair USA: 1-877-355-3225
• Canada: 1-800-36-FLUKE (1-800-363-5853)
• Europe: +31-40-2675-200
• Japan: +81-3-6714-3114
• Singapore: +65-6799-5566
• China: +86-400-810-3435
• Brazil: +55-11-3759-7600
• Anywhere in the world: +1-425-446-6110
• To see product information and download the latest manual supplements, visit Fluke Calibration’s website at www.flukecal.com.
• To register your product, visit http://flukecal.com/register-product.

Specifications

Table 4. The Specification of Metal Freezing Point Cells

Model Number| 5904| 5905| 5906| 5907| 5908| Contact Fluke| 5909
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---
Fixed Point| FP In| FP Sn| FP Zn| FP Al| FP Ag| FP Au| FP Cu
Reproducibility| (0.15 to 0.3)

mK

| (0.2 to 0.4)

mK

| (0.2 to 0.4)

mK

| (0.6 to 1.0)

mK

| (1.0 to 2.0)

mK

|  | (2.0 to 4.0)

mK

Expanded

Uncertainty, k = 2

| 0.7 mK| 0.5 mK| 0.9 mK| 1.3 mK| 2.4 mK|  | 10.1 mK
Metal Purity| 99.99995 %| 99.99995 %| 99.9999 %| 99.9999 %| 99.9999 %| 99.9999 %| 99.9999 %
Quantity of Metal| 0.97 kg| 0.96 kg| 0.95 kg| 0.35 kg| 1.35 kg|  | 1.13 kg
Outer Diameter of the Cell| 48 mm| 48 mm| 48 mm| 48 mm| 48 mm| 48 mm| 48 mm
Overall Height of the Cell| 282 mm| 282 mm| 282 mm| 282 mm| 282 mm| 282 mm| 282 mm
Inner Diameter of the Well| 8 mm| 8 mm| 8 mm| 8 mm| 8 mm| 8 mm| 8 mm
Total Immersion Depth[1]| 195 mm| 195 mm| 195 mm| 195 mm| 195 mm| 195 mm| 195 mm
[1] The distance from the bottom of the re-entrant well to the upper surface of the metal

Description

• A typical Fluke Metal Freezing Point Cell is shown in Figure 2. An appropriate quantity of metal (see Table 4 for details) with a purity of 99.9999 % is melted into a graphite crucible with a graphite lid and re-entrant well. Industry sometimes refers to the 99.9999 % purity as “a purity of 6N”. The impurity in the graphite is less than 3 ppm. All of the graphite parts are subjected to a high-temperature, high-vacuum treatment before loading the metal sample.
• It is important to avoid any possible contamination of the surface of the graphite parts during the manufacturing process.
• The assembled graphite crucible, with the high-purity metal, is then enclosed in a quartz cell and connected to a high vacuum system.
• The cell is drawn down to a proper pressure at a temperature near the freezing point for several days. During this period the cell is purged with high-purity argon repeatedly to remove any contaminants.
• Finally, the cell is filled with 99.999 % pure argon and permanently sealed at the freezing point. The pressure of the argon in the cell at the freezing point is closely adjusted to 101.325 kPa and the actual value of the pressure is recorded.
• A small temperature correction for the pressure difference can be made using the information in “The Correction for the Pressure Difference” section.
• In providing the highest quality sealed cells on the market, Fluke’s experts carefully eliminate possible sources of error.
• For example, sand-blasting the outer surface of the central re-entrant quartz well of the sealed cell decreases the radiation losses along the well to a minimum.
• A long immersion depth of the thermometer into the liquid metal makes any error due to the thermal conductivity along the thermometer sheath and leads to negligible.

Care of Your Metal Freezing Point Cell General Information

• The metal freezing point cell is an extremely delicate device. Great care must be taken in handling, using, and transporting the cell.
• The quartz glass outer shell is easily broken. It is suggested that the cell be kept in the vertical position for safety, although putting a cool cell in the horizontal orientation for a short time will not cause any damage.
• To prevent damage to the cell, do not mail or ship the cell with a general freight carrier. The cell should be hand-carried from place to place.
• It is extremely important to keep the outer surface of the cell clean to avoid devitrification of the quartz glass.
• Never touch the cell with bare hands. Whenever you have to handle the cell, always wear clean cotton gloves or use clean paper.
• If there is any chance that the outside of the cell has been touched with bare hands, clean the quartz glass with alcohol before inserting it into a furnace.

Devitrification of Quartz Glass

• Devitrification is a natural process with quartz glass. The quartz glass is utilized in a glass state.
• The most stable state for quartz is crystalline. Therefore, devitrification is the tendency of the quartz to return to its most stable state. If the quartz is kept extremely clean and free of contamination, devitrification will occur only at high temperatures.
• The process occurs more rapidly at lower temperatures when the glass has become contaminated by alkaline metals (Na, K, Mg, and Ca). The alkalis found in normal tap water can cause the process to start.
• Removal of the devitrification is not practical as it requires drastic measures and is potentially dangerous to the instrument and/or the user.
• Devitrification starts with a dulling or opacity of the quartz. It develops into a rough and crumbling surface. Devitrification ultimately weakens the glass/quartz until it breaks or is otherwise no longer useful.
• The best cure for contamination and devitrification is prevention. Being aware of the causes and signs of contamination can help the user take the steps necessary to control the contamination of the cell.
• Keep your cell clean and avoid contact with bare hands, tap water, or contaminated SPRTs.

Realization of the Fixed Point

• As was mentioned in the Introduction, it is not difficult to realize a freezing point by using a Fluke-sealed metal fixed point cell. To get the highest possible accuracy, a general understanding of the freezing process of an ideal pure metal is helpful.

Background Information

• Theoretically, the melting and freezing temperatures for an ideal pure metal are identical. However, with the introduction of impurities in the metal, the melting and freezing equilibrium points are usually slightly lower. The freezing plateau of an ideal pure metal is conceptually flat. The only exception is during the supercool. Impurities in the metal generally introduce a slightly negative slope to the plateau. Most of the different types of impurities will cause a drop in the freezing plateau. For example, gallium impurities in tin will cause a drop in the freezing plateau.
• A few of the types of impurities can cause an increase in the plateau. For example, gold impurities in silver will cause the freezing plateau to increase. An extremely high purity metal, 99.9999 % or higher, behaves very closely to an ideal pure metal. Figure 3 shows the difference between a freeze of an ideal pure metal and a high-purity metal. The approximate effect of the impurity on the equilibrium point can be calculated using the first cryoscopic constant. This calculation is discussed in the Guidelines for Realizing the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90).
• For general uncertainty comparisons, the first cryoscopic constant, the metal purity requirement, and the difference in the liquidus point are outlined in Table 5. In a modern temperature standard laboratory using an SPRT, a temperature change as low as 0.01 mK (0.00001 °C) can be detected. Therefore, the best technique for realizing the freezing point with a real sample is one that measures a temperature nearest to the freezing point of the ideal pure metal. The beginning of the freezing curve of a high-purity metal is the closest temperature to the ideal freezing point which can be obtained in a modern temperature standard laboratory. A slow-induced freezing technique was found to fit the purpose best (details of the technique are described in the section Procedure for Realizing the Freeze). A very slow freeze allows enough time to calibrate many SPRTs in the beginning part of a single freeze.

Table 5. Summary of the First Cryoscopic Constants and the Estimated Effects of Impurities

Substance| 1st Cryoscopic Constant| Impurity Level| Deviation from Pure Liquidus Point
---|---|---|---
Indium| 0.00732/K| 99.99999%| -0.01 mK
Tin| 0.00329/K| 99.9999%| -0.3 mK
Zinc| 0.00185/K| 99.9999%| -0.5 mK
Aluminum| 0.00149/K| 99.9999%| -0.7 mK
Silver| 0.000891/K| 99.9999%| -1.1 mK
Gold| 0.000831/K| 99.9999%| -1.2 mK
Copper| 0.000857/K| 99.9999%| -1.2 mK

• The induced technique generates two liquid-solid interfaces in the cell. A continuous liquid-solid interface that, as nearly as is practical, encloses the sensor of the SPRT being calibrated.
• Another liquid-solid interface is formed on the wall of the graphite crucible. In such a situation, the outer interface advances slowly as the liquid continues to solidify. Ideally, this generates a shell that continues to be of uniform thickness surrounding the liquid, which itself surrounds the inner liquid-solid interface that is adjacent to the thermometer well (Figure 4).
• The inner interface is essentially static except when a specific heat-extraction process takes place.
• For example, the insertion of a cool replacement thermometer. It is the temperature of the inner liquid-solid interface that is measured by the thermometer.
• Sometimes the inner liquid-solid interface is called the defining temperature interface.
• It is extremely important for the process described here that there is a uniform, stable and controlled temperature environment enclosing the fixed-point cell.
• Fluke has developed several designs of fixed-point furnaces to satisfy these requirements. The Model 9114 furnace has three independent heaters and controllers designed to be used for a temperature range up to 680 °C as shown in Figure 5.
• The Model 9115A furnace with a sodium-in-Inconel heat pipe is designed for a temperature range from 500 °C to 1000 °C.
• Although the 9115A furnace can be used up to 1100 °C, the longevity of the heat pipe may be curtailed if used above 1000 °C for an extended period.
• The Model 9116A furnace (Figure 6) is designed for extended use above 1000 °C, or more specifically, the freezing point of copper (1084.62 °C).
• The furnaces and their temperature uniformities are listed in Table 6.

Table 6. The Furnaces for Fixed Points and Their Temperature Uniformity

• The cell should be placed into the cell containment vessel before insertion into any furnace. Ideally, each cell would be kept in its unique vessel.
• The cell containment vessel (basket) for the Model 9114 furnace is shown in Figure 7. A fused silica glass (quartz) basket is used to support and enclose the freezing point cell for the Model 9115A/9116A.
• Fiber ceramic insulation is placed in the bottom of the cell basket to protect the cell. Insulation is also placed on top of the cell for protection and to reduce heat loss.

Procedure for Realizing the Freeze (In, Zn, Al, and Ag Fixed Points)

• This is the procedure used in the Fluke metrology lab with the Fluke Sealed Fixed Point Cells. Other procedures are sometimes employed in the industry.
• All of the freezing points except tin are realized similarly.

1. Insert the cell with the cell containment vessel carefully into the furnace.

2. Set the temperature of the furnace about 10 °C higher than the freezing point. Allow all of the metal to melt completely.

3. After all metal is completely melted, the furnace is set at a stable temperature of 1 °C or 1.5 °C higher than the freezing point overnight.

4. The next morning, the furnace temperature is decreased slowly (0.1 °C to 0.15 °C). To monitor the metal sample temperature, a SPRT is inserted into the cell. The temperature of the metal sample decreases to less than the freezing point before recalescence. The amounts of supercool are different from metal to metal.

5. After recalescence the thermometer is removed from the furnace immediately and two cold
   (room temperature) quartz glass rods are inserted into the fixed point cell one by one, each for about five minutes.

6. The preheated SPRT to be calibrated is introduced into the cell, while the furnace is kept at a stable temperature of 0.5 °C below the freezing point.

• This procedure provides a very stable, long freezing plateau that typically lasts for more than ten hours. The changes in temperature in the first half of the plateau are usually within ±0.2 to 0.3 mK. A typical freezing curve is shown in Figure 9.
• Many SPRTs can be calibrated in a single freezing plateau. When multiple SPRTs are to be calibrated from a single freeze, we suggest that the SPRTs be preheated to a temperature slightly higher than the freezing point before inserting the SPRT into the furnace. As was mentioned earlier, the cold quartz glass rods inserted into the cell will generate a liquid-solid interface adjacent to the thermometer well (see Figure 4).

Realization of the Freezing Point of Tin (Sn)

• Since tin requires a 25 °C or more drop in temperature to achieve supercool, nucleation is achieved by additional cooling supplied by a cold gas flow.
• The procedure for the freezing point of tin is similar to that of the other fixed points, except for the need to compensate for the large temperature difference required for supercooling.
• Follow Steps 1 through 4 in the “Procedure for Realizing the Freeze (In, Zn, Al, and Ag Fixed Points)”.
• When the temperature indicated by a thermometer immersed in the tin sample reaches the freezing point, the Model 9114 furnace introduces a cold gas flow upward around the outer surface of the cell until recalescence.
• “Cold gas flow” means compressed air at an approximate rate of 5 to 20 liter/min. (0.2 to 0.7 CFM) and roughly 20 kPa (2.9 psi). After recalescence, shut off the cold gas flow.
• The furnace is kept at a stable temperature of 0.5 °C below the freezing point as with other metals. The Model 9114 furnace as shown in Figure 5 has a specially designed core for the realization of the freezing point of tin.

SPRT Care At High Temperatures

• Each SPRT calibrated at temperatures above 500 °C is subjected to a quenched-in vacancy defect effect when the SPRT is removed from the furnace. This quenched-in lattice vacancy defect effect must be removed before calibration at the triple point of water.
• Therefore, when the SPRT is removed from the cell, place it in an auxiliary furnace set at the same temperature as the fixed point. Slowly cool the SPRT at a rate of roughly 100 °C/hour above 500 °C. Once the SPRT has reached 500 °C, it may be removed directly to room temperature.

The Correction for the Pressure Difference

• This is the procedure used in the Fluke lab with the Fluke Sealed Fixed-point Cells. Other procedures are sometimes employed in the industry.
• Except for a few triple points, the values of temperature assigned to the defining fixed points by ITS-90 correspond to the temperatures at the standard atmospheric pressure: 101.325 kPa. The actual pressure in a cell may be not exactly the standard value.
• During the manufacture of a fixed-point cell, it is easier to seal the cell if the pressure in the cell is slightly lower than the room pressure.
• The actual pressure in the cell exactly at the fixed point was measured at Fluke. This actual argon pressure in the cell at the freezing point is provided on the Report of Test, or Certification, enabling calculation of correction for the pressure difference.
• During measurement at a fixed point, the sensor of an SPRT is usually placed at a height that is “h” meters lower than the upper surface of the pure metal and where the pressure is higher than that at the surface due to the static head.
• ITS-90 gives all of the necessary coefficients for the calculation of the correction caused by the pressure difference, which are summarized in Table 7.

Table 7. Coefficients for the Pressure Difference of Some Defining Fixed Points

Substance| Assigned Value of Equilibrium Temperature T Kelvin (K)| Temperature with Pressure, p K1; dT/dp (10 -5 mK/Pa)| Variation with Depth K2: dT/dh (mK/m)| Approximate dW/dt
---|---|---|---|---
Argon (T)| 83.8058| 25| 3.3| 0.004342
Mercury (T)| 234.3156| 5.4| 7.1| 0.004037
Water (T)| 273.16| –7.5| –0.73| 0.003989
Gallium (M)| 302.9146| –2.0| –1.2| 0.003952
rin0Indium (F)| 429.7485| 4.9| 3.3| 0.003801
Tin (F)| 505.078| 3.3| 2.2| 0.003713
Zinc (F)| 692.677| 4.3| 2.7| 0.003495
Aluminum (F)| 933.473| 7.0| 1.6| 0.003205
Silver (F)| 1234.93| 6.0| 5.4| 0.002841
Gold (F)| 1337.33| 6.1| 10| —
Copper (F)| 1357.77| 3.3| 2.6| —
(T) – Triple Point

(M) – Melting Point

(F) – Freezing Point

The correction of temperature caused by the difference in pressure can be calculated by using the following equation:

• Equation 1: Pressure Dependent Temperature Correction
• Δt = ( P − P0) × k1 + h × k2
• P: the actual pressure of argon in the cell exactly at the fixed point temperature
• P0: the standard atmospheric pressure. For example, 101.325 kPa
• k1 = dT dP
• k2 = dT dh
• h: the immersion depth of the midpoint of the sensor of a SPR T into the metal used for the fixed point
• The immersion depth of the midpoint of a SPRT sensor in a Fluke metal freezing point cell is approximately 0.17 m (the distance from the bottom of the central well to the surface of liquid metal is about 0.195 m).
• The actual pressure of the argon at the freezing point in the cell, p, is provided in the Report of Test. The temperature correction, Δt, can be calculated using Equation 1.

Example:

• The pressure of argon at the freezing point in the aluminum freezing point cell S/N 5907-5AL004 is 80,817 Pa as given in the Report of Test. k1 and k2 for the freezing point of aluminum can be found in Table 5, k1 = 7.0 * 10–5 mK / Pa and k2 = 1.6 mK / m. The average immersion depth is 0.17 m for most of the standard platinum resistance thermometers. Therefore, use Equation 1 to calculate Δt.
• Substituting values into Equation 1: (80,817Pa – 101,325 Pa) 7.0 x 10-5 mK Pa + 0.17 m 1.6 mK m = –1.44 mK + 0.27 mK
• Consequently: Δt = −1.164 mK
• Hence, the actual temperature of a sensor of an SPRT at the point of total immersion during a freezing plateau in the cell is calculated using Equation 2.
• Equation 2: Calculation of the Actual Temperature, t1

1 = t + Δt

• Therefore: t1 = 660.323 °C − 0.00117 °C = 660.32184 °C where t is the defining fixed point temperature. For example, 660 .323 °C for the freezing point of aluminum.
• The resistance ratio, WAl, for the particular cell exactly at the freezing point of aluminum can be calculated using the following equation. The value for dW/dt is taken from Table 7.
  Equation : Calculation of WAl for the exact defining fixed point temperature.

WAl = W(t1) − [Δt]dW dt

• Substituting values: 3.37600860 – (–0.001164) x (3.204971 x 10-3)
• Thus the WAl for the cell is: WAl = 3.37601233

Limited Warranty & Limitation of Liability

• Each Fluke product is warranted to be free from defects in material and workmanship under normal use and service.
• The warranty period is one year and begins on the date of shipment. Parts, product repairs, and services are warranted for 90 days.
• This warranty extends only to the original buyer or end-user customer of a Fluke authorized reseller and does not apply to fuses, disposable batteries, or any product that, in Fluke’s opinion, has been misused, altered, neglected, contaminated, or damaged by accident or abnormal conditions of operation or handling. Fluke warrants that the software will operate substantially by its functional specifications for 90 days and that it has been properly recorded on non-defective media. Fluke does not warrant that software will be error-free or operate without interruption.
• Fluke-authorized resellers shall extend this warranty on new and unused products to end-user customers only but have no authority to extend a greater or different warranty on behalf of Fluke. Warranty support is available only if the product is purchased through a Fluke-authorized sales outlet or Buyer has paid the applicable international price. Fluke reserves the right to invoice Buyer for importation costs of repair/replacement parts when a product purchased in one country is submitted for repair in another country.
• Fluke’s warranty obligation is limited, at Fluke’s option, to refund the purchase price, free of charge repair, or replacement of a defective product that is returned to a Fluke authorized service center within the warranty period. To obtain warranty service, contact your nearest Fluke-authorized service center to obtain return authorization information, then send the product to that service center, with a description of the difficulty, postage, and insurance prepaid (FOB Destination). Fluke assumes no risk for damage in transit. Following warranty repair, the product will be returned to the Buyer, transportation prepaid (FOB Destination). If Fluke determines that failure was caused by neglect, misuse, contamination, alteration, accident, or abnormal condition of operation or handling, including overvoltage failures caused by use outside the product’s specified rating, or normal wear and tear of mechanical components, Fluke will provide an estimate of repair costs and obtain authorization before commencing the work. Following repair, the product will be returned to the Buyer transportation prepaid, and the Buyer will be billed for the repair and return transportation charges (FOB Shipping Point).
• THIS WARRANTY IS BUYER’S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY AND IS IN PLACE OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. FLUKE SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSSES, INCLUDING LOSS OF DATA, ARISING FROM ANY CAUSE OR THEORY.
• Since some countries or states do not allow limitation of the term of an implied warranty, or exclusion or limitation of incidental or consequential damages, the limitations and exclusions of this warranty may not apply to every buyer.
• If any provision of this Warranty is held invalid or unenforceable by a court or other decision-maker of competent jurisdiction, such holding will not affect the validity or enforceability of any other provision.
• Fluke Corporation Fluke Europe B.V.
• P.O. Box 9090 P.O. Box 1186
• Everett, WA 98206-9090 5602 BD Eindhoven
• U.S.A. The Netherlands

References

• Fluke Calibration | Calibration Equipment & Standards, Calibration Software
• Fluke Calibration | Calibration Equipment & Standards, Calibration Software

Read User Manual Online (PDF format)

Read User Manual Online (PDF format)  >>

Download This Manual (PDF format)

Download this manual  >>