AIEMERY BK145 Backhoe User Manual

BK145 Backhoe
User Manual

Please Note
Make sure all potential operators of this equipment review this manual and all safety messages contained within.
This safety symbol indicates important safety messages in this manual. When you see this symbol, carefully read the message that follows and be alert to the possibility of personal injury or death.

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

SAFETY
Understand that your safety and the safety of other persons are measured by how you service and operate this Backhoe. Know the position and operations of all controls before you they to operate. Make sure you check all controls in all safe area before starting.
Read this manual completely and thoroughly and make sure you understand all controls. All equipment has a limit. Make sure you are aware of the stability and load characteristics of this Backhoe before you begin operation.
The safety information given in this manual does not replace any safety codes, insurance needs, federal, state and local laws. Make sure your machine has the correct equipment required by your local laws and regulations.
CAUTION
This safety alert symbol indicates important safety messages in this manual. When you see this symbol, carefully read the message that follows and be alert to the possibility of personal injury or death.
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
Before starting the engine of your tractor, make sure all operation controls are in park lock or neutral position.
Operate controls only when seated in the operator’s seat.
Equip your tractor with a ROPS cab or frame for your protection. See your tractor operator’s manual for correct Seat belt usage.
A frequent cause of personal injury or death is persons falling off and being run over. Do not permit others to ride on your tractor. Only one person, the operator, should be on the machine when it is in operation.
Before leaving the tractor, stop the engine, put all controls in neutral, engage the parking brake and remove the key from the ignition.
When using remote hydraulic tractor valves on some tractors, the Backhoe’s cylinders will continue moving unless the control levers are manually returned to neutral, or until relief pressure is reached at the ends of piston strokes. Observe the bucket movement and maintain control with the control levers.
Stop the backhoe arms gradually when lowering or lifting loads. Stay off of slopes too steep for safe operation. Shift down before you start up or down a hill with a heavy load. Avoid “free wheeling”.
Travel speed should be such that complete control and machine stability is maintained at all times. Where possible, avoid operating operation near ditches, embankments and holes. Reduce speed when turning, crossing slopes, and on rough, slick or muddy surfaces.
Never use your hand to check for suspected leaks under pressure. Use a piece of cardboard or wood for this purpose. Escaping hydraulic oil or diesel fuel leaking under pressure can have sufficient force to penetrate the skin and cause infection or other injured by leaking fluid , seek medical attention immediately.
To prevent personal injury, relieve all pressure before disconnecting fluid lines.
Before applying hydraulic pressure, make sure all hydraulic connections are tight and components are in good condition.
Contact with overhead power lines can cause severe electrical burn or death from electrocution. Make sure there is enough clearance between raised equipment and overhead power lines.
Add recommended rear tire liquid weight or rear wheel weights for increased stability.
A backhoe attachment should be transported in a low position at slow ground speeds. Make turns slowly and use the tractor brakes cautiously. A loaded attachment in the raised position alters the center of gravity location of the machine and increases the possibility of mishaps.
Do not stand, walk or work under a raised backhoe or attachment unless it is securely blocked or held in position. Accidental movement of a control lever or leak in the hydraulic system could cause the backhoe to drop, or attachment to dump, causing severe injury.
Make sure all parked backhoes on stands are on a hard level surface with all safety devices engaged to prevent backhoe from falling and being damaged or injuring someone.
When using a backhoe, be alert of bucket, boom and arm position at all times.

SAFETY DECALS

Safety Decal Locations
Important: Warning decals are visible when getting on backhoe. Refer to the left and right hands used in this manual, It’s the position of the operator when seated in the operating position of backhoe.
Care of safety decals.

1. Keep safety decals clean and free of obstructing material.
2. Clean safety decals with soap and water and dry with a soft cloth.
3. Replace damaged or missing safety decals with new decals from your Aiemery Dealer.
4. If a component with a safety decal(s) affixed is replaced with a new part, make sure new safety decal(s) are attached in the same location(s) as the replaced components.
5. Mount new safety decals by applying on a clean dry surface and pressing air bubbles to outside edges.

BACKHOE SPECIFICATIONS

INTRODUCTION

The purpose of this manual is to assist you in maintaining and operating your BK215 backhoe. Read it carefully, it furnishes information and instructions that will help you achieve years of dependable performance. Some information may be general in nature due to unknown and varying conditions. However, through experience and these instructions, you should be able to develop operating procedures suitable to your particular situation.
“Right” and “Left” as used throughout this manual are determined by facing the direction the machine will travel when in use.
The photos, illustrations and data used in this manual are current at the time of printing, but due to possible in-line production changes, your machine may vary slightly in detail. The manufacturer reserves the right to redesign the machine as may be necessary without notification.
Important:
Illustrations used in this manual may not show all safety equipment that is recommended to ensure safe operation of tractor and backhoe. Refer to the Safety Precautions section of this manual for information concerning safety. Consult your dealer for further information.
Warranty Registration
The Delivery and Warranty Registration forms must be filled out and signed to validate your warranty protection. The items on the form under “I hereby Acknowledge” should be read and understood. The terms and conditions of the warranty on this machine are specified in the front of this manual.
Serial Number and Location
The serial number is important information about the machine and it may be necessary to know it before obtaining the correct replacement part. The serial number is located on the right side of backhoe mainframe. The serial number should be recorded on the Delivery and Registration form and also below for your reference.

TRACTOR PREPARATION

Rear Counterweight
CAUTION
Do not exceed the manufacturer’s rating for maximum gross vehicle weight. Refer to Operator’s Manual or ROPS serial plate provided with tractor.
Certain specific conditions may not permit safe use of backhoe at backhoe rating or may require more careful restricted operation at the rated load.
ROPS System
The tractor must be equipped with an approved ROPS System to ensure adequate operator’s protection.
CAUTION
The tractor/backhoe must only be operated with all safety equipment properly installed.
Tire Inflation
Front tires must be maintained at the maximum recommended inflation to maintain normal tire profile with the added weight of backhoe/material.
Rear tires must be maintained at equal pressure within the recommended tire inflation range. Unequal rear tire inflation can prevent backhoe attachment from contacting the ground across its full width.
Wheel Tread Settings
Tractor front wheel tread setting must be restricted to wheel tread spacing recommended in the tractor Operator’s Manual.

BACKHOE OPERATION

BACKHOE OPERATION
CAUTION
The tractor/backhoe should only be operated with all safety equipment properly installed. Keep assistants or by standers a safe distance from the equipment operating area.
Precautionary Notes

• Check below items before operating for your safety.
• Read and understand this manual to avoid accidents.
• Check the hydraulic fitting lines to be correct and set tightly.
• Maintain and repair (if it is needed) the parts or assemblies, check bolts and pins to be sure they are positioned tightly.
• Check tractor with the tractor operator’s manual that it can be prepared for operating.
• Warm up and operate the tractor and backhoe carefully. Purge any air in the hydraulic lines and cylinders by fully cycling all cylinders several times.
• Check hydraulic level in the tank. It should be full (Refer to the Tractor Operator’s Manual).
• Do not operate the hydraulics when not seated in the back-hoe operator’s seat.
• Keep all assistants out of area of operation.
• Do not operate rapidly.
• Do not allow riders other than the operator to be on the tractor while operating.

Important:
Use tractor engine speed that your experience permits. At first set PTO RPM of the tractor to slow.
Important:
Practice quickly turning off the engine or stopping the backhoe immediately in case of an emergency situation.
Important:
Do not operate while the rear tractor wheels are off the ground by stabilizer. It is dangerous to operate the backhoe while rear wheels are off the ground.
Position vehicle so that the backhoe is as near to the pile as possible and in such a direction as to minimize the amount of tractor turning required to dump.
Keep the unit clean and perform regular service. Observe safety messages whenever cleaning, servicing, or lubricating.
We urge you to follow this advice:

1. Read and understand this manual as well the Tractor Operator’s Manual.
2. Remember and observe the Safety Precautions brought to your attention in this manual, the tractor manual and on the machinery itself.
3. Use good common sense in the everyday operation of this unit. Safety recommendations can never be all-inclusive and you are responsible for watching out for and avoiding unsafe conditions.
4. Never exceed the limits of a piece of machinery. If its ability to do a job, or to do so safely, is in question, don’t try it.
5. Don’t hurry the learning process or take the unit for granted. Ease into it and become familiar with your new backhoe and tractor.

CAUTION
When lowering a heavy load, ease it downward slowly. Never drop a loaded attachment and “catch it hydraulically”. Stopping a load after it has gained downward momentum places undue strain on the unit and may cause unnecessary damage to the backhoe or tractor or even worse, personal injury.
Before disconnecting hydraulic lines, relieve all hydraulic pressure. Escaping hydraulic oil under pressure can have sufficient force to penetrate the skin causing serious personal injury. If injured by escaping hydraulic oil, seek medical attention immediately.
CAUTION
Do not operate the backhoe if the fittings are leaking or if the hoses are damaged. A sudden line burst would cause the boom, or bucket to drop suddenly, causing damage to the tractor or backhoe or injury to personnel.
Initial Backhoe Operation
Before operating the backhoe, fully raise and lower the boom, arm, swing and stabilizers two or three times. Then raise the bucket above the ground and cycle the bucket cylinders three times. Lower the bucket to the ground.
Check the tank oil and the correct oil level.
CAUTION
Before leaving the machine, stop the engine, remove the key, place all controls in neutral, and either set the parking brake or place tractor in park as equipped.
Always keep cylinders in a retracted position when the backhoe is not in use to guard against rust and contamination which may cause damage to the cylinder rods or hydraulic system. Also, lock the swing and boom while tractor is moving and storing for an extended period of time.
Cold Weather Operation
For smooth operation in cold weather, let the tractor warm up. Slowly cycle all of the cylinders several times to warm the oil in the hydraulic system. The backhoe may operate erratically until the hydraulic oil has warmed to operating temperatures.
CAUTION
Operate controls only when seated in the operator’s seat.
Left and Right stabilizer controls

Left and Right Stabilizer controls

Push the left hand inner control lever, left stabilizer lowers. And pull up the lever, left stabilizer raises. Push the right hand inner control lever, right stabilizer lowers. And pull up the lever, right stabilizer raises. Do not dig near the stabilizers to avoid possible accident. Do not lift the tractor rear wheels by stabilizers. Also, be sure the stabilizers are seated on hard ground to support.
The backhoe /tractor.
Crowd and Swing controls

Push the left hand outer control lever, arm (dipperstick) moves toward the operator, and pull back the lever, arm (dipperstick) moves away from operator.
Move the left hand outer control lever to the left, boom swings moves to the left. Move lever right, boom swing moves to the Right.
Bucket and Boom controls

Push the right hand outer control lever, boom moves down, and pull back the lever, boom moves up.
Move the right hand outer control lever to the left, bucket curls in. Move lever right, bucket extends out from operator.
These two levers (Crowd and swing control lever, Bucket and Boom control lever) provide four simultaneous operations. Both experience and practice are needed to eliminate excess motion and increase operating efficiency.

Swing Lock and Boom Lock When transporting or dismounting backhoe, you must lock the backhoe’s swing and boom. Position boom straight back and drop pin through holes in swing frame and boom. When not in use, store pin in hole provided on swing frame and boom. Observe the following safety warnings when working with your new backhoe/tractor.
CAUTION
When using a backhoe, be aware of bucket and boom location at all times. When raising an arm (dipperstick) with bucket rolled forward, material can spill onto non target area causing injury to assistant or damage other objects.
Do not dig near stabilizers. Ground under stabilizers could collapse. Make all movements slow and gradual when practicing operation.
Operate from backhoe operator’s seat only. Pay attention: be ready to stop, immediately in case of an emergency.
To help prevent roll-over, adjust the rear wheels to their widest setting to maximize stability.
Refer to your Tractor Operator’s Manual for recommendations.

BACKHOE MOUNTING

Attach the backhoe to the tractor’s 3 point linkage and adjust the bracket that will prevent the tractor hitch from moving.
Connect the pump unit with multiplier to the tractor PTO. Use the locking device supplied with the machine to prevent the pump from rotating. Verify the oil level inside the multiplier.
It is possible to use the stabilizers of the machine to lift and stabilize the machine at the height (300 mm).
In order to do this the hydraulic pump must first be connected to the PTO.

BACKHOE REMOVAL

BACKHOE REMOVAL
CAUTION
Move the backhoe to flat, firm and wide place to remove the equipment.
Do not allow to be removed without bucket and stabilizers. Also, Dump the remaining material from the bucket to empty.
Use other lifting equipment to remove when the backhoe has damage.
STEP 1. Move the tractor to backhoe storage place.
STEP 2. Use the inner two levers to lower the stabilizers until they contact to the ground. Use the boom and dipperstick control lever to raise the boom & dippers-tick completely.
STEP 3. Center the boom and then lock the swing with lock pin.
STEP 4. Using the control levers, position the dipperstick vertically, curl the bucket until its bottom is level with the ground, and lower the boom until bottom of the bucket rest on the ground.
STEP 5. Remove pins that secure the backhoe. Subframe in the mounting brackets on the tractor.
CAUTION
Remove the backhoe on firm level ground. Also, Do not allow the other person in the area.
Be careful to avoid injury during removal of the backhoe.
The hydraulic oil is dangerous for skin or eyes. Wash the skin and seek medical service if it is necessary.
STEP 6. Using both the stabilizer and boom control, set the backhoe subframe horizontally to relieve the weight of the backhoe from the mounting brackets of the tractor.
STEP 7. Move the tractor forward slowly until the backhoe subframe disengages of the mounting brackets.
STEP 8. Lower the backhoe mainframe to the ground by raising stabilizers and boom. Use the wood plate or block if necessary.
STEP 9. Turn off the tractor engine. Relieve hydraulic pressure by actuating all the control levers in each direction, then remove the pump from the tractor.

LUBRICATION AND MAINTENANCE

LUBRICATION AND MAINTENANCE

Manual
Tire Inflation| Check| Weekly/50 hours
Backhoe Pivot Points| Lubricate| Daily/10 hours
Backhoe Hydraulic Lines, Hoses, Connections| Check for leaks, wear| Daily/10 hours
Boom, Arm, Swing and Bucket cylinder rod packing| Check for seepage, service as needed| Daily/10 hours
Pivot pin bolts and dust covers| Check, replace if missing| Daily/10 hours
Friction of All pins| Check, replace if necessary| Daily/10 hours
Backhoe mount hardware| Check visually| Daily/10 hours
Bolts and Nut release| Re-tight| Every 25 hours

CAUTION
Do not perform service or maintenance Operations with backhoe raised off the ground. For additional access to tractor components remove backhoe.
Important:
Lower the backhoe to the ground and relieve pressure in backhoe hydraulic lines prior to performing any service or maintenance operations on the tractor or backhoe.
CAUTION
Escaping fluid under pressure can have sufficient force to penetrate the skin, causing serious injury . Before disconnecting lines, be sure to relieve all pressure. Before applying pressure to the system, be sure all connections are tight and that lines, pipes and hoses are not damaged. Fluid escaping from a very small hole can be almost invisible. Use a piece of cardboard or wood rather than your hands to search for suspected leaks. If injured by escaping fluid, seek medical attention immediately. Serious infection or reaction can develop if correct medical treatment is not administered immediately.
Refer to “Lubrication and Maintenance Chart” for quick reference to Maintenance Operations.
CAUTION
Do not operate the backhoe if the fittings are leaking or if the hoses are damaged. A sudden line burst could cause the boom, dipperstick or bucket to drop suddenly, causing damage to the tractor or backhoe or injury to personnel.
Operate the backhoe from the operator seat only.
Do not stand or walk under a raised backhoe. Accidental movement of control lever or leak in hydraulic system could cause boom or dipperstick to drop, causing severe injury.
Check the tractor hydraulic system as outlined in the Tractor Operator’s Manual.
NOTE
When checking hydraulic system oil level, the backhoe should be on the ground and bucket fully retracted (all cylinders in retracted position).
Grease all backhoe pivot points daily (10 hours). Refer to Tractor Operator’s Manual for lubricant recommendations.
Inspect hydraulic hoses, connections, control valve and cylinders for evidence of leakage.
Tractor tires should be maintained at maximum recommended inflation to maintain normal tire profile with added weight of backhoe/material. Unequal rear tire inflation can result in bucket not being level to the ground.

TROUBLE SHOOTING

TROUBLE SHOOTING
This Trouble Shooting Chart is provided for reference to possible backhoe operational problems. Determine the problem that best describes the operational problem being experienced and eliminate the possible causes as listed by following the correction procedures.

connections
Hydraulic hoses to/from control valve blocked| Check for damage (kinked) hoses, etc
Backhoe control valve or tractor main relief valve stuck open| Check system pressure. Repair or replace relief valve. Refer to the Tractor Operator’s Manual
Low system pressure supplied from hydraulic pump| Check system pressure. Repair or replace pump
Control valve linkage broken| Inspect. Repair as required
Quick disconnect coupler(s) are not fully connected or “Flow Check”| Check coupler connections. Replace coupler(s) if necessary
Hydraulic hose or tube line blockage| Check for evidence of damage to hoses or tube lines that would block flow of oil between cylinders and control valve
Cylinder piston assembly defective (not sealing)| Check cylinders for internal leakage as described in service section under cylinder leakage tests.
Control valve blockage| Inspect for blockage. Disassemble valve if necessary.
Cylinders operate in wrong direction relative to control valve lever position| Hydraulic hoses connected incorrectly| Correct hydraulic hose connections
Slow or erratic movement of Cylinders (Noisy operation of cylinders)| Low hydraulic fluid level.| Check and replenish hydraulic fluid
---|---|---
Cold hydraulic fluid| Allow hydraulic system to warm up to operating temperature
Hydraulic Oil viscosity too heavy or Incorrect oil| Check oil number and viscosity, Refill correct hydraulic oil
Engine R.P.M. too slow (hydraulic pump R.P.M. too slow)| Increase engine speed to obtain satisfactory backhoe operation
Excessive weight in bucket. Material weight exceeds maximum specified backhoe capacity| Reduce material load. (Digging load)
Control valve linkage binding/defective| Check control valve linkage and repair if worn/defective.
Aeration of hydraulic fluid| Refer to “Aeration of Hydraulic Fluid”
Quick disconnect coupler restriction or coupler “Flow checks”| Check coupler connections. Repair or replace
Hydraulic hose or tube line restriction (hoses/tube line) kinked or pinched| Check hoses and tube lines for evidence of restriction
| Boom, Dipperstick or Bucket cylinder piston assembly leakage| Check cylinders for leakage. Repair as needed
---|---|---
Relief valve erratic or set below specifications| Check and reset relief valve. Setting as needed.
Control valve leaking internally.(hypassing fluid within valve).| Replace control valve and recheck operation.
Inadequate lifting capacity| Engine R.P.M. too slow.| Increase engine R.P.M
Excessive load. Material loading exceeds specified backhoe capacity| Reduce Load
Relief valve setting below specifications| Check and reset relief valve setting as needed.
Bucket, Boom and Dipperstick cylinder piston assembly leakage| Check cylinders for leakage. Repair as needed
Control valve leaking internally| Replace control valve and recheck operation
Hydraulic pump defective| Refer to “Hydraulic Pump Capacity Inadequate”.
Aeration of Hydraulic Fluid(Generally indicated by foamy appearance of fluid)| Low hydraulic fluid level| Check and refill hydraulic system to proper level.
Air leaking into suction side of hydraulic pump.| Check for loose or defective connections between reservoir and hydraulic pump
Hydraulic fluid foaming due to improper hydraulic oil usage| Refer to Tractor Operator’s Manual and replace hydraulic oil using recommended hydraulic oil.
System relief valve squeals.| Cold Hydraulic Fluid| Allow hydraulic fluid to warm up to operating temperature
---|---|---
Hydraulic Oil viscosity too heavy or Incorrect oil| Check oil number and viscosity, Refill correct hydraulic oil.
Excessive load in bucket. Loading exceeds specified backhoe capacity| Reduce load
Relief valve setting below specifications| Check and reset valve setting as needed
Hydraulic hose, tube line or quick disconnect coupler restriction| Check for evidence of restriction in hydraulic oil flow. Repair or replace defective components
Backhoe drops with valve spool in “centered” position (no external oil leakage evident)
Note: A gradual drop over an extended period of time is a normal condition.| Cylinder piston assembly leakage| Check cylinders for leakage
Control valve internal leakage| Replace control valve and recheck
Control valve spool(s) will not return to centered position| Control lever linkage binding| Determine origin of binding and repair
---|---|---
Control valve spool centering is broken| Replace centering spring
Control valve spool binding in valve body spool bore| Disassemble valve for inspection and repair.
External hydraulic fluid leakage| Loose hydraulic connection| Tighten loose connections
Defective hydraulic hose, tube line, adapter fitting or adapter fitting O-ring| Check for origin of oil leak and replace defective part.
Control valve O-rings defective| Replace defective O-rings
Control valve spool or body damaged or worn| Replace control valve
Cylinder rod packing set leakage| Check cylinders for leakage. Repair as needed
Hydraulic pump capacity inadequate| Cold hydraulic fluid| Allow hydraulic fluid to warm up to operating temperature
Engine R.P.M. too slow| Increase engine R.P.M
Low hydraulic fluid supply| Refer to Tractor Operator’s Manual for service recommendations
Hydraulic hose restriction| Check for evidence of restriction in hydraulic hoses
Hydraulic pump defective| Refer to Tractor Operator’s Manual for recommended service procedures. Replace hydraulic pump if determined to be defective
Cylinder rod bend when cylinders extended| Excessive shock load on cylinders during transport| Replace defective parts. Review and observe proper and safe operational practices

PART ILLUSTRATIONS

Documents / Resources

| AIEMERY BK145 Backhoe [pdf] User Manual
BK145 Backhoe, BK145, Backhoe
---|---

Read User Manual Online (PDF format)

Read User Manual Online (PDF format)  >>

Download This Manual (PDF format)

Download this manual  >>