PRIMEINVERTER LI-PSC 12V Pure Sine Wave Power Inverter User Manual

PRIMEINVERTER LI-PSC 12V Pure Sine Wave Power Inverter

Specifications

• Overload capacity: up to 300% of rated power for 2 seconds
• Charging current: Maximum 90A, adjustable from 0% to 100%
• Conversion time: Maximum 10ms
• Bypass capacity: 30A/40A
• Inverter Topology: Full Bridge Topology
• AC Charger Topology: Isolated Boost Topology
• Peak efficiency: 88%

Product Usage Instructions

Safety Information:
Read and follow all safety precautions outlined in the manual to ensure safe installation and operation.

Installation:
Connect the inverter following the provided operation diagrams for 1-3KW and 4-6KW configurations.

Features:

• Energy-saving mode for maximum efficiency
• Intelligent charging management system with power factor correction
• Supports 8 battery types with battery activation function
• Intelligent remote control functionality
• Low battery voltage start and bypass function

Electrical Performance:
The inverter uses Full Bridge Topology while the AC Charger utilizes Isolated Boost Topology for efficient charging.

Important safety information

WARNING: This manual contains important instructions for all inverter/charger models, which should be followed during the installation and maintenance of the inverter.

General Safety Precautions

1. Do not expose the Inverter to rain, snow, spray, bilge, or dust. To reduce the risk of hazard, do not cover or obstruct the ventilation openings. Do not install the Inverter in a zero-clearance compartment. Overheating may result. Allow at least 30CM(11.81 inches) of clearance around the inverter for airflow. Make sure that the air can circulate freely around the unit. A minimum airflow of 145CFM is required.

2. To avoid a risk of fire and electronic shock. Make sure that existing wiring is in good electrical condition; and that wire size is not undersized. Do not operate the Inverter with damaged or substandard wiring.

3. This equipment contains components that can produce arcs or sparks. To prevent fire or explosion do not install in compartments containing batteries or flammable materials or in locations that require ignition-protected equipment. This includes any space containing gasoline-powered machinery, fuel tanks, joints, fittings, or other connections between components of the fuel system.
   See Warranty for instructions on obtaining service.

4. Do not disassemble the Inverter/Charger. It contains no user-serviceable parts. Attempting to service the Inverter/Charger yourself may result in a risk of electrical shock or fire. Internal capacitors remain charged after all power is disconnected.

5. To reduce the risk of electrical shock, disconnect both AC and DC power from the Inverter/Charger before attempting any maintenance or cleaning. Turning off controls will not reduce this risk
   CAUTION: Equipment damage
   The output side of the inverter’s AC wiring should at no time be connected to public power or a generator. This condition is far worse than a short circuit. If the unit survives this condition, it will shut down until corrections are made.
   Installation should ensure that the inverter’s AC output is, at no time, connected to its AC input. Warning: Limitations On Use
   SPECIFICALLY, PLEASE NOTE THAT THE HC/HP SERIES INVERTER/CHARGER SHOULD NOT BE USED IN CONNECTION WITH LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS OR OTHER MEDICAL EQUIPMENT OR DEVICES.

6. Precautions When Working with Batteries

7. If battery acid contacts skin or clothing, wash immediately with soH and water. If acid enters the ye, immediately flood the ye with running cold water for at least 20 minutes and get medical attention immediately.

8. Never smoke or allow a spark or flame in vthe vicinity of bthe battery or engine.

9. Do not drop a metal tool on the battery. The resulting spark or short-circuit on the battery of another electrical causeway causes an explosion.

10. Remove personal metal items such as rings, bracelets, necklaces, and watches when working with a lead-acid battery. A lead-acid battery produces a short-circuit current high enough to weld a ring or the like to metal, causing a severe burn.

11. To reduce the risk of injury, charge only rechargeable batteries such as deep-cycle lead acid, lead-antimony, lead calcium gel cell, absorbed mat, NiCad/NiFe, or Lithium battery. Other types of batteries may burst, causing personal injury and damage.

Introduction

General Information

• This Series Pure Sine Wave Inverter is a combination of an inverter, battery charger, and AC auto-transfer switch into one complete system with a peak conversion efficiency of 88%.
• It is packed with unique features and it is one of the most advanced inverter/chargers in the market today. It features power factor corrected, sophisticated multi-stage charging, and pure sine wave output with unprecedentedly high surge capability to meet the demanding power needs of inductive loads without endangering the equipment.
• For the regular model, when utility AC power cuts off(or falls out of acceptable range), the transfer relay is de-energized and the load is automatically transferred to the Inverter output. Once the qualified AC utility is restored, the relay is energized and the load is automatically reconnected to the AC utility.
• The This Series Inverter is equipped with a powerful charger of up to 110Amps (depending on model).
• The overload capacity is 300% of continuous output for up to 20 seconds to reliably support tools and equipment longer
• Another important feature is that the inverter can be easily customized to Battery priority via a DIP switch, this helps to extract maximum power from battery in renewable energy systems.
• Thus, the Pure Sine Wave Inverter is suitable for Renewable energy systems, Utility, RV, Marin, and Emergency appliances.
• To get the most out of the power inverter, it must be installed, used, and maintained properly. Please read the instructions in this manual before installing and operating.

application

• Power tools– circular saws, drills, grinders, sanders, buffers, weed and hedge trimmers, air compressors. Office equipment – computers, printers, monitors, facsimile machines, scanners.
• Household items – vacuum cleaners, fans, fluorescent and incandescent lights, shavers, sewing machines. Kitchen Appliances – coffee makers, blenders, ice markers, toasters.
• Industrial equipment – metal halide lamp, high–pressure sodium lamp.
• Home entertainment electronics – television, VCRs, video games, stereos, musical instruments, satellite equipment.

Product Structure

1-3KW Operation diagram

4-6KW Operation diagram

Connect all battery packs as the below chart

feature

1. Overload capacity up to 300% of rated power (for 2 seconds).
   “Energy-saving mode” features low no-load current and minimal losses for maximum energy efficiency.

2. Three-stage intelligent charging management system with power factor correction function.

3. Supports 8 battery types and includes a battery activation function.

4. Maximum charging current of 90A, adjustable from 0% to 100%.

5. Maximum conversion time of 10ms to ensure uninterrupted power supply.

6. Intelligent remote control functionality.

7. Power restoration delay of 5 seconds when AC power resumes.

8. Low battery voltage start and bypass function.

9. Bypass capacity of 30A/40A.

Electrical performance

Inverter

Topology
The inverter/charger utilizes a Full Bridge Topology for its inverter design.

AC Charger: Isolated Boost Topology
Utilizing high-efficiency MOSFETs, a 16-bit, 4.9MHz microprocessor, and heavy- duty transformers, the AC charger achieves a peak efficiency of 88%.

Overload Capacity
The HC series inverters are designed to handle demanding loads with various overload capacities:

• For 110% < Load < 125% (±10%), no audible alarm for 14 minutes, then beeps for 0.5s every second in the 15th minute and shuts down (Fault) after the 15th minute.
• For 125% < Load < 150% (±10%), beeps for 0.5s every second and shuts down (Fault) after 1 minute.
• For 150% < Load ≤ 300% (±10%), beeps for 0.5s every second and shuts down (Fault) after 20 seconds.

AC charger

• The series is equipped with an active PFC (Power Factor Correction) multi-stage battery charger. The PFC feature controls the power used to charge the batteries, achieving a power factor as close as possible to 1.

• Unlike other inverters where the maximum charging current decreases with lower input AC voltage, this charger maintains maximum current output as long as the input AC voltage is within 164-243VAC
  (95-127VAC for the 120V model) and the AC frequency is within 48-54Hz (58-64Hz for the 60Hz model).

• The inverter provides a robust charging current of 120A (for 4KW, 12V models), and the maximum charge current can be adjusted from 0% to 100% using a linear switch located to the right of the battery type selector. This feature is particularly useful when using a powerful charger with a small-capacity battery bank, as the linear switch can effectively reduce the maximum charging current to 20% of its peak.

• Setting the battery type selector to “0” will disable the charging function.

• There are three main charging stages:

• Bulk Charging: This is the initial stage of charging. During Bulk Charging, the charger supplies the battery with a controlled constant current. The charger will remain in Bulk Charging until the Absorption charge voltage (determined by the Battery Type selection) is achieved. A software timer measures the time from AC start until the battery charger reaches 0.3V below the boost voltage, then takes this time as T0 and calculates T1 as T0 × 2.

• Absorb Charging: This second charging stage begins once the absorb voltage has been reached. Absorb Charging provides the batteries with a constant voltage and reduces the DC charging current to maintain the absorb voltage setting. During this period, the inverter starts a T1 timer. The charger will maintain the boost voltage in Boost CV mode until the T1 timer expires. The voltage then drops to the float voltage. The T1 timer has a minimum duration of 1 hour and a maximum of 12 hours.

• Float Charging: The third charging stage occurs at the end of the Absorb Charging time. During Float Charging, the charge voltage is reduced to the float charge voltage (determined by the Battery Type selection). In this stage, the batteries are kept fully charged and ready for use by the inverter. If the AC is reconnected or the battery voltage drops below 12Vdc/24Vdc/48Vdc, the charger will reset the cycle described above. Additionally, if the charger remains flat for 10 days, it will deliberately reset the cycle to protect the battery.

Table 2.5.1 Battery Charging Processes

Table 2.5.2 Battery Type Selector

De-sulphation

• The de-sulphation cycle on switch position 8 is marked in red because it is a very dangerous setting if not used correctly. Before attempting to use this cycle, you must thoroughly understand its function, proper usage, and appropriate circumstances for its application.
• What causes sulphation? Sulphation can occur with infrequent use of the batteries or if the batteries have been discharged so low that they will no longer accept a charge. This cycle utilizes a very high voltage charge designed to break down the sulfated crust that prevents the plates from accepting a charge. This process helps clean the plates, allowing them to accept a charge once again.

Charging depleted batteries

• The inverter allows startup and pass-through power with depleted batteries.
• For the 12VDC model, if the battery voltage drops below 10V but remains above 2V, and the switch is kept in the “ON” position, the inverter remains connected to the battery. In this state, the inverter can charge the battery once qualified AC input is available.
• Before the battery voltage drops below 9VDC, charging can be activated by turning the switch to “Off” and then back to “ON”.
• If the battery voltage falls below 9VDC and the switch is accidentally turned to “OFF” or the inverter is disconnected from the battery, the inverter will not be able to charge the battery again. This occurs because the CPU loses memory during this process.

Table 2.5.3 AC Charging Current for model

• The charging capacity will reach its peak within approximately 3 seconds. This rapid increase may cause a generator to drop frequency, prompting the inverter to switch to battery mode.
• To prevent this, it is recommended to gradually apply the charging load to the generator by adjusting the charging switch from minimum to maximum.
• Choose the optimal charging current of 0.2C, where “C” represents the battery capacity.

Transfer

While in Standby Mode, the AC input is continuously monitored. Whenever AC power falls below the VAC Trip voltage (154 VAC for 230VAC systems, 90VAC for 120VAC systems, default settings), the inverter automatically switches back to Invert Mode with minimal interruption to your appliances, provided the inverter is turned on. The transfer from Standby Mode to Inverter Mode occurs in approximately 8 milliseconds, the same time required to switch from Inverter Mode to Standby Mode.
Although it is not designed as a computer UPS system, this transfer time is typically fast enough to keep your equipment powered.

There is a 15-second delay from the moment the inverter senses continuously qualified AC at the input terminals to when the transfer is made. This delay allows time for a generator to spin up to a stable voltage and prevents relay chattering. The inverter will not transfer to the generator until it has locked onto the generator’s output. This delay also helps avoid frequent switching when the input utility is unstable.

Automatic frequency adjustment
The inverter features an Auto Frequency Adjust function. The factory default configuration is 50Hz for 220/230/240VAC inverters and 60Hz for 100/110/120VAC inverters. The output frequency can be easily changed when a qualified frequency is applied to the inverter. To switch a 50Hz inverter to 60Hz, simply input 60Hz power, and the inverter will automatically adjust the output frequency to 60Hz, and vice versa.

Automatic voltage regulatio n
The automatic voltage regulation function is available for the entire series of Pure Sine Wave Inverters/Chargers. Instead of simply bypassing the input AC to power the loads, the inverter stabilizes the input AC voltage within a range of 230V/120V ±10%.
When connected to batteries, the inverter functions as a UPS with a maximum transfer time of 10 ms. With all the unique features our inverter provides, it ensures long-term, trouble-free operation beyond your expectations.

Function Introduction

Table 2.5.5 Input Voltage Transfer Points

Power saving mode

• There are three different working statuses for this inverter: “Power Saver Auto,” “Power Saver Off,” and “Power Off.”
• When the power switch is in the “Unit Off” position, the inverter is powered off.
• When the power switch is turned to either “Power Saver Auto” or “Power Saver Off,” the inverter is powered on.
• The power saver function is designed to conserve battery power when AC power is not frequently required by the loads. In this mode, the inverter pulses the AC output to detect an AC load (e.g., an electrical appliance). Whenever an AC load greater than 25 watts is turned on, the inverter recognizes the need for power, automatically starts inverting, and the output goes to full voltage. When no load (or a load less than 25 watts) is detected, the inverter automatically returns to search mode to minimize energy consumption from the battery bank. In “Power Saver Auto” mode, the inverter primarily draws power during sensing moments, significantly reducing idle consumption.
• The inverter is factory-set to detect load for 250ms every 30 seconds. This cycle can be customized to 3 seconds by turning SW3 on the DIP switch.

Note: The minimum power of a load required to take the inverter out of sleep mode (Power Saver On) is 25 watts.
When in search sense mode, the green power LED will blink, and the inverter will make a ticking sound. At full output voltage, the green power LED will light steadily, and the inverter will produce a steady humming sound. When the inverter is used as an uninterruptible power supply, the search sense mode or “Power Saver On” function should be disabled.

Exceptions:
Some devices cannot be detected by the load sensor when scanned. Small fluorescent lights are the most common example (try altering the plug polarity by turning the plug over). Some computers and sophisticated electronics have power supplies that do not present a load until line voltage is available. When this occurs, each unit waits for the other to begin. To drive these loads, either a small companion load must be used to bring the inverter out of its search mode, or the inverter may be programmed to remain at full output voltage.

Protect
This series inverter is equipped with extensive protection against various harsh situations and faults. These protections include:

• AC Input Over Voltage Protection / AC Input Low Voltage Protection
• Low Battery Alarm / High Battery Alarm
• Over Temperature Protection / Load Protection
• Short Circuit Protection (1s after fault)
• Back Feeding Protection

When over temperature or overload conditions occur, after the fault is cleared, the master switch must be reset to restart the inverter. The inverter will enter over-temperature protection mode when the heat sink temperature reaches ≥105ºC and will go to fault (shutdown output) after 30 seconds. The switch must be reset to reactivate the inverter.

The inverter has back feeding protection to prevent AC voltage from being present on the AC input terminal in Invert mode.
After the fault is cleared, the inverter must be reset to resume operation.

LED indicator and LCD

Interface operation instructions

Interface Introduction

Operating area
Select the mode to view information using the short press and long press of the ESC, Up, Down, and ENT buttons.

Status area
Show the working status of the inverter in real-time.

Introduction to Symbols

Audible alarm

Control panel

WARNING: Never cut the communication cable when it is attached to the inverter and the battery is connected to the inverter, even if the inverter is turned off. Cutting the cable can short-circuit it, which will damage the remote PCB inside the inverter.

a running
For 1-3KW inverters, there is a temperature-controlled DC fan that operates according to the following logic. For 4-6KW inverters, two temperature- controlled DC fans operate under the same logic. Therefore, when the inverter is in energy-saving mode, the fans are controlled by the following logic on the DC terminal side (see Table 2.5.9).

Table 2.5.9 Fan operation

Allow at least 30 cm of clearance around the inverter for proper airflow. Ensure that air can circulate freely around the unit.
Variable speed fan operation is required in both inverter and charge modes. This should be implemented to ensure high reliability and safe operating temperatures for the unit and its components, even in ambient temperatures up to 50°C.

• Speed should be controlled smoothly as a function of internal temperature and/or current.
• The fan should not start or stop suddenly.
• The fan should run at the minimum speed needed to cool the unit.
• The target noise level for the fan is less than 60 dB at a distance of 1 meter.

Table 2.5.10 DIP switch function setting

SW1:Solar/AC Priority:
Our inverter is designed with AC priority by default. This means that when AC input is present, the battery will be charged first, and the inverter will transfer the input AC to power the load. If the AC input remains stable for a continuous period of 15 days, the inverter will initiate a battery inverting cycle to protect the battery. After one cycle, normal charging and AC throughput will be restored.

The AC Priority and Battery Priority switch is SW1. When you select battery priority, the inverter will draw power from the battery despite the presence of AC input. Only when the battery voltage reaches the low voltage alarm point (10.5V for 12V systems), the inverter will switch to AC input, charge the battery, and then switch back to battery power once the battery is fully charged. This function is primarily intended for wind/solar systems using utility power as a backup.

SW2:AC Input Range:
Different acceptable AC input ranges are available for various types of loads.
For relatively sensitive electronic devices, a narrow input range of 184-253VAC (100-135V for the 120VAC model) is required to protect them.
For resistive loads that can operate within a wide voltage range, the AC input range can be customized to 154-264VAC (90-135V for the 120VAC model). This helps to power the loads with the most AC input power without frequent switches to the battery bank.

SW3:Power Saver Auto Setting :
The inverter is factory defaulted to detect load for 250ms in every 5 seconds. This cycle can be customized to 3 seconds through the SW3 on the DIP switch.

Other features
Battery voltage recovery start
After a low battery voltage shut off (10V for 12V models, 20V for 24V models, 40V for 48V models), the inverter can restore operation once the battery voltage recovers to 12VDC, 24VDC, or 48VDC respectively (with the power switch still in the “On” position). This function helps users avoid the extra labor of reactivating the inverter when the battery voltage returns to an acceptable range in renewable energy systems. The built-in battery charger will automatically reactivate as soon as the city/generator AC has been stable for 15 seconds.

WARNING: Never leave the loads unattended, as some loads (such as heaters) may cause accidents in such cases. It is safer to shut everything down after a llow-voltagetrip rather than lleaveyour loads on, due to the risk of fire.

Conformal Coating
The entire line of inverters has been processed with a conformal coating on the PCB, making them resistant to water, rust, and dust. While these units are designed to withstand corrosion from salty air, they are not splash-proof.

Install

Location
Follow all local regulations when installing the inverter.

• Install the equipment in a location that is dry, clean, cool, and well-ventilated.
• Working temperature: -10°C to 40°C
• Storage temperature: -40°C to 70°C
• Relative Humidity: 0% to 95%, non-condensing
• Cooling: Forced air

DC Wiring recommendation
It is recommended to keep the battery bank as close as possible to the inverter. The following table provides a suggested wiring option for a 1-meter DC cable.
Please refer to the minimum wire size listed below. If the DC cable length exceeds 1 meter, increase the cross-section of the cable to reduce power loss.

Please note that if obtaining a 90mm² cable is problematic, you can use 2 x 50mm² or 3 x 35mm² cables instead. While a single cable is always best, what matters is the total cross-sectional area of the copper. It does not matter if it is one cable or ten cables, as long as the total square area adds up. The performance of any product can be improved by using thicker cables and shorter runs. If in doubt, round up the cable size and keep the length as short as possible.

AC Wiring
We recommend using 10-5 AWG wire to connect to the AC terminal block. There are three different ways to connect to the terminal block, depending on the model. All wiring methods are CE-compliant. If you are unsure about how to wire any part of your inverter, please call our tech support for assistance.

WARNING

• The output voltage of this unit must never be connected to its input AC terminal, as this may result in overload or damage.
• Always switch on the inverter before plugging in any appliance.

Troubleshooting

The troubleshooting section contains information on how to address possible error conditions while using the Inverter & Charger. The following chart is designed to help you quickly pinpoint the most common inverter failures.

Indicator and Buzzer

Indicator and Buzzer

The reason for the noise from the transformer and/or case
When in inverter mode, the transformer and/or case of the inverter may sometimes vibrate and make noise. This noise is typically generated by the transformer.
According to the characteristics of our inverter, there is one type of load that is most likely to cause transformer rattles: the half-wave load. A half- wave load uses only a half cycle of the power (see Figure 1). This tends to cause an imbalance in the magnetic field of the transformer, reducing its rated working frequency from 20kHz to, for example, 15kHz (the exact frequency varies depending on the load). Consequently, the frequency of the noise falls into the range (200Hz-20kHz) that the human ear can detect.

The most common load of this kind is a hair dryer.

If the noise comes from the case:
When loaded with inductive loads, the magnetic field generated by the transformer can cause the steel case to vibrate at a specific frequency, which may also produce noise. Reducing the load power or using an inverter with a larger capacity will usually resolve this issue. This noise does not harm the inverter or the loads.

Product parameter

The specifications in this manual are subject to change without notice。

Base installation

more information

• PrimeInverter by Litio Store srl (VAT Nr.: IT03894170541)
• Contact number: +39 3884463884
• email: info@primeinverter.com
• Address : Prime Inverter Litio Store – Via Giotto, 2, 06028, Sigillo, Perugia – Italy

Frequently Asked Questions

• Q: What types of batteries are recommended for use with the PrimeInverter?
  • A: Rechargeable batteries such as deep-cycle lead acid, lead-antimony, lead calcium gel cell, absorbed mat, NiCad/NiFe, or Lithium batteries are recommended to reduce the risk of injury.
• Q: Can the inverter be customized to Battery priority?
  • A: Yes, the inverter can be easily customized to Battery priority via a DIP switch to extract maximum power from the battery in renewable energy systems.

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