PROTEUS INSTRUMENTS Proteus 3.5 Proteus Real Time Sensors User Manual
- July 5, 2024
- PROTEUS INSTRUMENTS
Table of Contents
- PROTEUS INSTRUMENTS Proteus 3.5 Proteus Real Time Sensors
- Specifications
- Product Usage Instructions
- FAQs
- List of Figures
- Background
- Instrument Specifications
- Communication Software
- Installation
- Maintenance
- Calibration
- Communication and Data Logging
- Appendix
- Glossary and Abbreviations
- References
- Read User Manual Online (PDF format)
- Download This Manual (PDF format)
PROTEUS INSTRUMENTS Proteus 3.5 Proteus Real Time Sensors
Specifications
- Product: Proteus Multiprobe
- Version: V2.2
- Release Date: February 2021
- Manufacturer: Proteus Instruments Ltd
- Address: Canalside, Harris Business Park, Hanbury Road, Stoke Prior, Bromsgrove, B60 4DJ, United Kingdom
- Website: www.proteus-instruments.com
- Email: info@proteus-instruments.com
- Phone: +44 1527 433221
Product Usage Instructions
1. General Warnings:
Before operating or installing the Proteus Multiprobe, ensure all hazards are acknowledged and preventive measures are understood.
2. Setup:
Follow the provided setup instructions to assemble the Proteus Multiprobe correctly.
3. Calibration:
Refer to section 6.9 for site-specific calibration instructions and section 6.10 for calibrating other sensors.
4. Operation:
Power on the Proteus Multiprobe and use the control software interface as shown in Figure 9. Navigate through the menus using the provided guidance in Figures 10, 11, and 12.
5. Maintenance:
Regularly clean and inspect the Proteus Multiprobe to ensure proper functioning. Refer to the user manual for maintenance tips.
FAQs
- Q: How do I contact technical support?
- A: You can reach technical support at +44 1527 433221 or via email at support@proteus-instruments.com.
- Q: Can I change the specifications of the Proteus Multiprobe?
- A: Proteus Instruments reserves the right to change specifications without notice to improve products and services.
“`
Proteus User Manual
V2.2 February 2021
Proteus Instruments Ltd, Canalside, Harris Business Park , Hanbury Road, Stoke Prior, Bromsgrove, B60 4DJ, United Kingdom www.proteus-instruments.com | info @proteus-instruments.com | +44 1527 433221
© 2021 Proteus Instruments Ltd. E & O E. All rights reserved. Patented GB2553218 | Version 2.2
Foreword
The material presented in this manual is designed to give the user a better
understanding of the operation and maintenance of the Proteus multiprobe.
Proteus Instruments advises all users to read the manual thoroughly before
operating and deploying their probe.
Any suggestions that would help improve the clarity of the information
presented in this manual or additional information that would enhance
understanding and operation is welcomed.
Proteus Instruments is committed to the improvement of its products and
services therefore reserve the right to change instructions, specifications
and schematics without notice.
Contact Information
Technical Support/Customer Service:
Tel: Email:
+44 1527 433221 support@proteus-instruments.com (Technical Support) info @proteus-instruments.com (Sales/General Enquiries)
Other Correspondence:
Address:
Proteus Instruments Ltd, Canalside, Harris Business Park, Hanbury Road, Stoke Prior, Bromsgrove, B60 4DJ, United Kingdom.
I
General Warnings:
Before operating or installing this equipment, it is important that all
hazards are acknowledged and potential preventive measures are fully
understood. In addition to site specific hazards related to location and
application type, take heed of the following general warnings:
Each fluorometer houses an ultra-violet LED. DO NOT LOOK DIRECTLY AT THE LED
WHEN THE PROTEUS IS CONNECTED TO POWER. Exposure to UV light can cause damage
to eyes. When looking at the optical window, use appropriate safety googles.
This product should be kept away from children, pets and other animals. DO NOT
MANUALLY FORCE ROTATE THE WIPER ARM. Pay attention and adhere to all local and
international regulatory and legal requirements regarding the safe handling
and disposal of calibration fluids, batteries and any other materials you use
in connection with the Proteus. Avoid hazardous practices when
operating/installing this instrument. If used in any way not specified in this
manual, protection provided by the instrument may be impaired.
List of Figures
Figure 1: Example of quinine sulphate molecules in tonic water emitting blue light when exposed to high
energy (UV) light.
2
Figure 2: Schematic representation of a simple fluorometer design.
2
Figure 3: An Excitation Emission Matrix (EEM) with key peaks highlighted.
3
Figure 4: Typical Proteus Equipment Overview; please note: this varies depending on individual
requirements.
4
Figure 5: Optional Proteus Transport case.
4
Figure 6: Direct comparison of Proteus with IBP (foreground) and Proteus without IBP (Background).
5
Figure 7: An example of a Proteus set-up using solar power and transmitting data via to the outpost
cloud server.
7
Figure 8: Flow Cell.
8
Figure 9: Proteus control software interface screen.
10
Figure 10: Overview of Proteus Control software hot buttons. Please note, the numbers are for guidance
only and do not appear on the actual interface.
10
Figure 11: Overview of PC menu on Proteus Control Software.
11
Figure 12: Overview of Proteus Menu on Proteus Control Software.
11
Figure 13: Sensor and Parameter list from Proteus Control Software.
12
Figure 14: PCI Connection command prompt.
12
Figure 15: PCI before connection to probe.
12
Figure 16: PCI with Proteus connected. 6. The Turb Port’ should always show
3′ if it doesn’t, disconnect
the Proteus and restart the process from Step 1.
13
Figure 17: Successful coefficient upload message.
13
Figure 18: Custom parameter creation dialogue box.
14
Figure 19: Installation of Proteus in open water with Sensor Guard and support structure.
15
Figure 20: Installation of Proteus in perforated stilling tube.
15
Figure 21: Proteus Flow cell with barbed connectors.
15
Figure 22: (a) Location of set screw for removing the wiper (b) brush arm with wiper pad and brush
highlighted (c) Diagram of the turbidity sensor, grub screw and Allen key.
17
Figure 23: Reference electrode and pH electrolyte solution (provided in maintenance kit).
18
Figure 24: Proteus Calibration Parameter List.
20
Figure 25: Proteus calibration window.
20
Figure 26: An example line from a Proteus calibration log showing a 0-turbidity calibration.
23
Figure 27: Sensor Response Factor Pop-Up.
24
Figure 28: Proteus instruments default low range relationship (turbidity and
temperature-corrected tryptophan).
25
Figure 29 – Calibration set-up for fluorometer calibration.
26
Figure 30: Temperature-compensated TLF of a laboratory standard.
27
Figure 31: Change in fluorescence signal with turbidity.
28
Figure 32: Schematic of a site-specific calibration procedure.
29
Figure 33: Proteus Sensor Identification.
30
Figure 34: Set Date and Time command prompt.
31
Figure 35: Set BP command prompt.
31
Figure 36: Changing of IBP batteries.
37
Figure 37: Connection of an EBP to a Proteus probe.
38
Figure 38: Proteus connected via BBP to a Bluetooth enabled laptop.
39
List of Tables
Table 1: Key for Figure 4
4
Table 2: Proteus Specifications
5
Table 3: LED Colour Guide
7
Table 4: Information on Calibration standards. NB: `BP’ stands for Barometric Pressure
21
Table 5: Guidance on average BOD ranges
26
Table 6: Approximate battery life of different Proteus sensor configurations
36
V
Background
The Proteus is a unique, patented and scientifically proven multi-parameter water quality probe. It can be fitted with up to 12 different sensors which can measure a multitude of different parameters simultaneously. Included in this list of sensors are an array of cutting-edge fluorometers that enable the previously unachievable real-time monitoring of:
·
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
BOD is a measure of the amount of oxygen that is used by bacteria and other microorganisms during
the aerobic decomposition of organic matter.
·
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)
COD is a measure of the amount of oxygen that is required to dissolve both organic and inorganic
matter with the water.
·
Total Organic Carbon (TOC)
A measure of the total amount of carbon present in organic compounds in a water source.
·
Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC)
A subset of TOC, dissolved organic carbon is the fraction of TOC which can pass through a 0.22 –
0.7µm pore size filter.
·
Total Coliforms, Faecal Coliforms and E. coli coliforms
Coliforms are rod-shaped, gram negative bacteria. Total coliforms (TC) include all coliform bacteria
that are present within the water source.
Faecal coliforms, a subset of TC, are a group that are classified by their presence in the gut and faeces of warmblooded mammals. FC are considered a more specific indicator of faecal contamination than TC.
Escherichia coli (E. coli) coliforms (EC) are the major species in the FC subset. E. coli is the only species in the FC group that does not grow and reproduce in the natural environment and therefore can only come from faecal origin. As such, it is considered the best indicator of faecal pollution and by extension, the presence of pathogens.
For a comprehensive list of all the parameters that can be measured by the Proteus, please refer to the product datasheet.
1
1.1 What is Fluorescence?
Fluorescence is a form of luminescence (i.e. the emission of light not
attributed to thermal radiation) that occurs over very short time scales (10-9
10-7s). The first fluorescent substance to be observed and recorded was
quinine sulphate (a key ingredient in tonic water). In Figure 1 we can see
fluorescence in action the quinine sulphate molecules absorb ultra-violet
light (short wave radiation) from the laser pen and then emit blue light
(longer wavelength radiation). Molecules that exhibit this property are termed
fluorophores. For fluorescence to be observed and quantified, a light emitter
and detector is required with some optical components for isolating specific
wavelengths of light. There are two types of fluorometers: (i) filter based,
or (ii) monochromator diffraction grating (Figure 2), these differ in the way
excitation and emission light is isolated from the wider spectrum.
Monochromator based fluorometers are generally restricted to the laboratory,
while filter based units are used for field applications. Briefly, the light
from the excitation source is directed through a series of lens and filters.
When it reaches the sample, the light is absorbed and some of the molecules in
the sample fluoresce. The fluorescent (emission) light passes through a second
series of lens and filters/monochromator and reaches a detector (usually a
photodiode). This photodiode is normally located at 90° to the incident light
beam to reduce the potential for spurious readings Figure 1: Example of
quinine sulphate molecules due to stray excitation light reaching the
detector.
in tonic water emitting blue light when exposed to high energy (UV) liight.
Figure 2: Schematic representation of a simple fluorometer design.
2
1.2 Measuring Organic matter using Fluorescence
A significant proportion of Chromophoric (light absorbing/coloured) organic
matter is fluorescent when excited by light in the UV region. Using laboratory
fluorometers that scan the full spectrum of excitation and emission
wavelengths (Excitation Emission Matrix spectroscopy; EEM), distinct
fluorescent peaks have been identified (Fig. 3). These are related to certain
`types’ of organic matter, for example, humic-like fluorescence (Peaks A and C
on Fig. 3) can be traced back to terrestrial production by vascular plants,
while protein – like fluorescence (Peaks T and B; Figure 3) is largely related
to in-stream production by algae and bacteria. Strong relationships between
conventional water quality parameters and fluorescence peaks have been
identified of particular interest are the correlations between: (i) dissolved
organic carbon and humic-like fluorescence (A and C) and (ii) biochemical
oxygen demand (BOD) and tryptophan-like fluorescence (Peak T).
Figure 3: An Excitation Emission Matrix (EEM) with key peaks highlighted.
3
Instrument Specifications
2.1 Instrument
2 1
3
9 5
4
7 8
6 Figure 4: Typical Proteus Equipment Overview; please note: this varies
depending on individual requirements.
Table 1: Key for Figure 4
1. Sensor Guard 2. Sensor Array 3. Proteus Body/Housing 4. Marine cable with
Comms Connector 5. Calibration Cup
6. Proteus Manager 7. Comms Cable 8. Serial USB Adaptor 9. Internal Battery Pack
Figure 5: Optional Proteus Transport case
4
Table 2: Proteus Specifications
Dimensions Weight Temperature operating range Depth Rating
Supply Voltage Signal Outputs
OD 114.0mm, L530 mm
4-7kg
-5° C to +50° C (non-freezing)
200m (except ISE sensors = 10m, TDG/Low Range Depth = 25m*)
5-15vdc
Native RS232 or optional internal integrated Modbus 485/SDI-12. Optional
external convertor for RS232 to SDI12. (SDI12/RS485/Modbus optional)
Communications
Sample Rate Internal Memory Warranty
RS232, Modbus 485, SDI-12 & Optional Bluetooth Module 1Hz 4MB; >1,000,000
readings 24 months (options to extend)
*depending on specification purchased
If you require individual sensor specifications, please contact us directly.
Figure 6: Direct comparison of Proteus with IBP (foreground) and Proteus
without IBP (Background).
5
2.2 Applications and User Modes
2.2.1 Real-time manual data collection
Manual Data collection, also referred to as profiling, surveying, spot
measurements etc., means the user is present at the monitoring site and uses a
data display for observing measurements. This allows the user to make
informed, data-based decisions in real-time in the field. The data display for
the Proteus can be read through a variety of mediums such as on a compatible
laptop via a data cable/marine cable and USB adaptor or using the Amphibian2
display (purchased separately). Real-time data to a laptop will be displayed
on the Proteus Manager and can be `snapshotted’ at user defined intervals to a
csv file. The Proteus data can also be accessed using a compatible Bluetooth
enabled tablet and/or smartphone; this requires an additional purchase of the
Bluetooth battery module.
2.2.2 Unattended Logging
Unattended logging enables the Proteus to be deployed and then left unattended
for the required amount of time to collect the desired data. The Proteus has
an optional Internal Battery Pack (IBP) that can be used for unattended
logging. The IBP can power the Proteus for a number of weeks/months depending
on sensors and logging frequency. Alternatively, the Proteus can be connected
to an external battery or other DC power supply and be powered indefinitely.
The Proteus can store over 1,000,000 readings which can be downloaded at your
convenience to a compatible PC/laptop or Bluetooth enabled device.
2.2.3 Telemetry
The Proteus can be connected to a variety of telemetry devices while it is deployed. The Proteus is designed as telemetry agnostic, allowing it to use a variety of communication protocols to interface with different telemetry systems.
These protocols include:
·
RS232 (native)
·
Modbus 485 (optional integrated)
·
SDI12 (optional integrated or external)
The optional Proteus supplied telemetry system uses a cloud server and mobile phone network to transmit and store data with extensive options to integrate datasets via API/REST/FTP/Email connectivity.
Most telemetry systems can both display data and communicate with the Proteus to enable actions such as a trigger a wipe cycle. Telemetry can be used to view data in near real-time as well as track long-term trends while identifying optimal times for probe maintenance.
2.2.4 Online, Real-time Monitoring
Online monitoring allows the Proteus to report data in real-time while being
integrated into an existing online network such as PLC or SCADA-based systems.
Often referred to as process control monitoring, the data from the Proteus
will enable the user or system to make water-quality-based decisions in real-
time.
The Proteus can connect using SDI-12, RS232 or Modbus 485; please specify your
preference at the time of purchase. Below is an example of a portable
telemetry system within a Pelicase (with/without solar panel) that can be
deployed quickly in the field.
6
Figure 7: An example of a Proteus set-up using solar power and transmitting data via to the outpost cloud server.
2.3 Status Indicator Lights
The Proteus and the external SDI-12 adaptor (see section 6.5) have three light-emitting diodes (LEDs) mounted on the circuit board top. They are visible from the outside through the transparent housing of the SDI 12 converter and on the top of the sensor housing in the stainless model. These LED lights indicate the instrument’s operating status and can be used to troubleshoot problems.
Table 3: LED Colour Guide LED COLOUR Green
Yellow
Red/Blue
PROTEUS
Blinks every second when unit is receiving adequate operating voltage. Blinks
when the sensor is receiving RS232 communications. Red light blinks during
power up.
EXTERNAL SDI-12 CONVERTER Pulses when the converters CPU is ready.
Used for factory diagnostics.
Blue light remains on when powered up.
7
2.4 Accessories
The Proteus be supplied with a flow cell that is sized depending on your application requirements. Flow cells can be used where it isn’t possible to deploy the Proteus directly into the water source. They also can be designed as a dilution solution, when specific parameters exceed thresholds.
We recommend using a dilution system in instances where Turbidity regularly exceeds 400 NTU as the optical sensors cannot achieve a clear reading.
Flow cells can be used either under the influence of gravity or have water
pumped in using a peristaltic pump. If pumping is required, sample lines
should be limited to 15psi/1 bar/10m H2O, in order to protect the flow cell
and sensors from damage. The external diameter of the barb connector thread is
10mm.
If you have any questions about a potential set-up, please get in touch with
us.
Figure 8: Flow Cell
2.4.1 Proteus High Range Dilution Sampling System
Dilution systems are recommended for environments where BOD/COD is likely to
be consistently in excess of 350/700 mgl-1 respectively. We can provide a high
range dilution sampling system which uses a peristaltic pump to move water
samples to and from the flow cell. The system is supplied with a kiosk and
wall mounting plate for easy installation. Ratio rates can be controlled by
sizing peristaltic pumps and their flow rates for ratios up to 1:40. This
means that potential monitoring ranges can be up to 14000/28000mgl but do
require a drinking water supply. The sampling system can be pulsed or
continuous. In continuous mode, a new sample is being continually provided to
the flow cell whereas a pulsed sample may be a 1-minute sample every 15
minutes. The later has the advantage of saving power in low power applications
and also wear & tear on moving parts.
Our flow cells are cut to size depending on your requirements; please get in
touch with us for more details.
2.4.2 Remote Telemetry Systems
For remote applications, Proteus Instruments has designed a range of telemetry
options to suit a variety of equipment set-ups. The telemetry relay can be
housed in a custom-built Pelicase (Figure 6) or outstation. Both options are
identical and include a GPRS telemetry unit (SDI-12) with relay switch,
internal fuse terminal block, 12V 6A charge regulator and a 20W rigid solar
panel; the only difference is the physical housing.
We also provide an outstation option with a mains AC input (including the
AC/DC transformer for sensors) if solar power is inappropriate for the
application.
8
Communication Software
3.1 System Requirements
The Proteus Manager runs on MS Windows and does not require a large amount of
space or RAM for it to function fully. Ensure the software is fully installed
before connecting your Proteus for the first time.
3.1.1 Proteus Manager and Serial Adaptors
Within the box there will be a memory stick containing the program for
install. If you have misplaced the memory stick, please get in touch with us
for a software link. The Proteus connects and communicates with your PC using
a USB Serial adaptor. Installation of the USB driver should be automatic
following plug-in and acceptance of install. Once the Proteus is plugged in
via the adapter to your PC, start the Proteus Manager. If you have a highly
specified Proteus or with a long cable length (>30m) you may need the
auxiliary power supply that connects into the USB adaptor. The Proteus Manager
will scan all available ports for the Proteus every 30 seconds. Once it has
been detected the program will identify the port on the bottom left bar and
within a few seconds the data will start scrolling (Figure 9).
3.1.2 Trouble Shooting
If the Proteus isn’t detected by the software, check all cable connections or
use a different USB port. If the issue persists, close the software and
disconnect the Proteus and wait 20 seconds before re-attempting. Ensure all
USB drivers on your machine are up to date; this may require administration
privileges from your IT supervisor.
9
3.2 Interface Screen
When the Proteus is plugged into a computer via the USB connector and the
Proteus Manager is started the interface screen below (Fig. 9) will appear.
Initially the software will search for the Proteus on available COM ports,
after about 20 -30 secs the connection will be completed and readings will
start to scroll down the page.
Figure 9: Proteus Manager interface screen.
3.3 Hot Buttons
Figure 10: Overview of Proteus Manager hot buttons. Please note, the numbers
are for guidance only and do not appear on the actual interface.
1. Informs the Proteus that logging mode is enabled/disabled. To activate
unattended logging, the switch plate on the Proteus must also be moved into
the `on’ position (Figure 32).
2. Switches the circulator on/off. The circulator is seldom used unless you
have specifically requested an electrode DO sensor, the Proteus is almost
always equipped with an optical DO sensor (HDO), as optical sensors are far
more accurate and efficient.
3. Triggers a wipe cycle of the turbidity sensor. 4. Used to save the most
recent line of data (displayed in the yellow band) to your snapshot file
location with any annotation. 5. Used to save the most recent line of data
(displayed in the yellow band) to your snapshot file
location without any annotation. 6. Scans for and lists any Bluetooth enabled
Proteus probes. 7. Clears all data from the screen but does not disable
scrolling; the screen will re-populate with data
until the Proteus is disconnected.
10
3 .4 Drop Down Menus
The Proteus Manager has two Drop-Down Menus; PC’ and
Proteus’. Within these
two menus all the software settings and calibration tools can be accessed.
3.4.1 PC Menu
Figure 11: Overview of PC menu on Proteus Manager.
8. Used to change the time interval for the lines of data displayed on the
software screen
9. The Snapshot’ refers to the storing of a single line of data and
location’ refers to where on your device the `snapshot’ is stored. The
Snapshot Location is displayed at the bottom of the screen for your
convenience.
10. This option enables the Proteus to log and store the data in your chosen
location automatically. Data is logged at the same interval as your scroll
interval.
11. Displays the data in a graphical format. 12. The Proteus will
automatically scan COM ports
for connected Proteus probes but this option allows COM ports to be selected
manually. This is more applicable if you have multiple units connected. 13.
Displays the control software version.
3.4.2 Proteus Menu
Figure 12: Overview of Proteus Menu on Proteus Manager.
14. Enables access to files stored on the Proteus allowing viewing, deletion
and saving to PC.
15. Changes the logging settings and existing log files. The active log file
name is displayed on the bottom line of the main screen.
16. Displays the calibration log. 17. Displays the sensor and parameter list
(Figure 13).
Parameters with a tick next to them are displayed on the main interface in the
order shown on the list. 16. Displays the calibration log. 17. Displays the
sensor and parameter list (Figure 13). Parameters with a tick next to them are
displayed on the main interface in the order shown on the list.
18. Opens separate menu of parameters for calibration. This list includes
every possible parameter a Proteus can have, but you can only calibrate for
parameters where you have the corresponding sensor. For more information on
calibration procedure, see Section 6.
19. Opens the Proteus Control Interface only compatible with Proteus units
manufactured after September 2020. For instructions see Section 3.4.3.
20. Displays the firmware version the Proteus is using. 21. Opens a dialogue
box for the creation of a custom parameter (See Section 3.4.3). 22. Enables
the deletion of a custom parameter.
11
Figure 13: Sensor and Parameter list from Proteus Manager.
WARNING: This order is also maintained in any logging files and snapshot
files, as well as being the setting on the native RS232 and SDI-12 outputs. If
you reorder the parameters but do not re-program the communication protocols,
they will be improperly indexed and the output data will be mis-matched with
the parameters. This also affects telemetry systems.
For more information, please refer to the separate RS232 manual which is
available on request.
3.4.3 Proteus Control Software
The Proteus Control Interface (PCI) is software that enables the user to
download the algorithm coefficients directly to their Proteus multiprobe. Each
Proteus is sent with the relevant stock coefficients, the PCI can be used to
change these to different environments or to load site-specific coefficients
based on client sampling. Once you have submitted data for analysis to our
engineers, you will be emailed once your coefficients are on the server and
available for download via the PCI.
PLEASE NOTE, THIS SOFTWARE IS ONLY COMPATIBLE WITH PROTEUS UNITS MANUFACTURED
AFTER SEPTEMBER 2020. IF YOU HAVE A UNIT MANUFACTURED BEFORE SEPTEMBER 2020,
COEFFICIENTS STILL HAVE TO BE CHANGED MANUALLY BY OUR ENGINEERS.
To use the PCI software: 1. Connect your Proteus to your laptop/PC as normal
using the comms cables and launch the Proteus
Manager. Your laptop/PC must have an internet connection. 2. On the Proteus
Manager, open the Proteus Menu (Figure 12) and select Proteus Control Interface’. 3. The Proteus Manager window will shut and a prompt (Figure 14) will show, click
ok’. 4. Figure 15 will display; the Proteus Port will
automatically detect which COM port the Proteus is
plugged into click connect’ to make the connection. 5. Enter the licence key into the
key’ field manually. This will have been emailed to you by a
technician.
If you cannot find your key, email support@proteus-instruments.com.
Figure 14: PCI Connection command prompt.
Figure 15: PCI before connection to probe.
12
6. A successful connection will produce the following (Figure 16).
A. The serial number of the unit will show here. If it doesn’t appear automatically, you can type it in manually.
B. Click this button to download all available parameter coefficients; ensure licence key is entered first.
C. Use this dropdown menu to select the parameter to upload. Please note the parameters shown here are only the ones purchased with that Proteus.
D. This box shows all the variations of the selected parameter. If you are uploading your site calibration, select `custom’.
Figure 16: PCI with Proteus connected. 6. The Turb Port’ should always show
3′ if it doesn’t, disconnect the Proteus and restart the process from Step
- 7. Once you have used
C’ and
D’ to select the desired parameter, click the `Upload Selected to Proteus’ button.
8. Once successful, a message will show to confirm. The parameters can be overwritten at any time, as many times as required. If you are unsure which parameter algorithm coefficients you have loaded, simply overwrite them with the desired selection.
Figure 17: Successful coefficient upload message.
3.4.4 Custom Parameters
Usually, custom parameters, such as TSS, are normally requested at time of
purchase and programmed by Proteus technicians. However, they are relatively
straightforward for the user to self-programme.
To create a Custom Parameter: 1. Following option selection, a dialogue box
(Fig 14) will open which needs to be filled. 2. For name’ include both the parameter name and the units it will be reporting in e.g. TSS (mg/L) 3. For the equation, ensure you enclose the whole expression in parentheses () and use your keyboard keypad, if you have one. 4. If a
parameter creation successful’ message is
shown:
a) Close the software b) Disconnect the USB cable from the laptop c) Wait 10
seconds d) Reconnect USB cable to Laptop (commits commands to CPU) e) Start
the software f ) Open the Sensor and parameter list in the drop-down menu and
check TSS mg/L is listed. When selected this should then be added to the
scroll interface.
13
Unique multiplication factor (Based off of site sampling and data analysis).
Usint TSS as an example, the equation would appear as follows:
((TURB_NTU)*2.0135)
Parameter already in existence as it appears on the Proteus scrolling interface and parameter list. [spaces] should be filled with an underscore [ _ ].
Figure 18: Custom parameter creation dialogue box.
Trouble shooting: · Occasionally the message returned may read `parameter not
created’.- Ensure Proteus is connected and software open
– Press
Note: Be sure to include the negative symbol (-) and I = The letter I as in
Indigo, not numerical 1. – Press
shown as “TSS ((TURB_NTU)*2.0135)”. If not, Click “X” to close this dialog and
try creating the parameter again.
· Parameter creation can be unsuccessful for the following reasons: – Spaces
have been used in the formula. – Forbidden characters have been used in the
formula (full list on help tab). – More than 6 characters have been used in
the name of the custom parameter. – Too many decimal places have been used
(maximum should be two decimal places).
·
If a successful creation message is shown but the parameter does not appear in the list, cycle
the power by closing the software and disconnecting the Proteus, then waiting 10 seconds
before reconnection.
·
If it shows in the parameter list but cannot be added to the interface then delete the parameter
and create the parameter from scratch.
·
If the parameter fails to be deleted, cycle the power by closing the software and disconnecting
the Proteus, then waiting 10 seconds before reconnection.
Due to the versatility of the Proteus, it is possible to use the Proteus for a range of applications spanning a variety of water environments (natural engineered). In this section, installation recommendations are outlined for the two most commonly encountered applications. The Proteus has internal logging capabilities or can be connected to an external data logger (Section 6). If internal logging is required, ensure logging has been activated via the control software interface (Section 3), then connect the external battery pack to the Proteus; for internal battery packs, flip the ON/OFF switch plate to ON. Logging will continue until power (external battery pack) is removed/ depleted or the switch plate is set to OFF.
14
Installation
Due to the versatility of the Proteus, it is possible to use the Proteus for a
range of applications spanning a variety of water environments (natural
engineered). In this section, installation recommendations are outlined for
the two most commonly encountered applications. The Proteus has internal
logging capabilities or can be connected to an external data logger (Section
6). If internal logging is required, ensure logging has been activated via the
Proteus Manager interface (Section 3), then connect the external battery pack
to the Proteus; for internal battery packs, flip the ON/OFF switch plate to
ON. Logging will continue until power (external battery pack) is removed/
depleted or the switch plate is set to OFF.
4.1 Open Water Installations
A vertical clearance of 75mm (provided by the Sensor Guard) is required for
optical sensors (fluorometers, turbidity and DO) as backscatter can cause
spurious data. The sensor should always be installed with the Sensor Guard
securely fastened and, whenever possible, with the multiprobe in the vertical
position (Figure 15). In larger streams and rivers where highly variable flows
are anticipated, the multiprobe should be adequately protected from floating
debris. We advise installing the sensor in a perforated stilling tube (Figure
16), to both protect the sensor and reduce ambient light interference. To
secure the multiprobe use large cable ties attached to at least two points on
the multiprobe (avoid using clamps as this can damage the instrument). Avoid
installation in locations where deposition of sand/silt is likely.
Figure 19: Installation of Proteus in open water with Sensor Guard and support structure.
Figure 20: Installation of Proteus in perforated stilling tube.
4.2 Flow Cell Installation
An alternative installation option involves non submersible deployment,
usually associated with a peristaltic pump through or process applications. If
this is desirable attach the flow-cell (Figure 17) to the Proteus in place of
the sensor guard and attach the feed line to the barbed connectors.
Ensure all connections and hoses including barbed connectors (Figure 17) have the correct pressure rating and does not exceed 15 psi/1 bar/10mH20. It is recommended that any debris is filtered from the feed line using a mesh screen in line; 250 – 500 µm is normally sufficient for this purpose.
Figure 21: Proteus Flow cell with barbed connectors.
15
Maintenance
For cleaning main body and sensors use warm water mixed with mild detergent
and a soft bristled brush if appropriate. Do not use industrial cleaners,
acetone or abrasives. Rinse well with deionized water; if this is not
available then tap water will suffice. The sensor guard can be removed for
cleaning but be careful with the sensors when handling the Proteus without the
guard in-place.
DO NOT LOOK DIRECTLY AT THE LED WHILE THE PROTEUS IS ON.
5.1 Routine Maintenance and Cleaning
To ensure accurate and reliable data during longer term installations, regular
cleaning of the multiprobe and sensors is recommended. We suggest that if
routine calibration of the sensors is also required that this coincides with
your cleaning regime. See Section 6 for more details on calibration.
To a large extent, the integrated wiper will keep the optical windows clear
and prevent the build-up of dirt on sensors. However, especially in heavy
soiling applications, periodic additional cleaning is recommended to ensure
your probe remains in optimal condition. For the first deployment, the
instrument should be inspected a minimum of once a week to monitor soiling
frequency which should be used to devise a maintenance schedule.
5.2 Turbidity Sensor and Wiper Arm
Turbidity sensors require minimal regular maintenance as the sensor has an
automatic wiper for cleaning. The rubber wiper pad and bristles can be
replaced, but this is only required every 6-12 months or when the wiper/brush
becomes ineffective or worn out. They should be checked for effectiveness as
part of routine maintenance; Grit and silt can build-up risking damage to
sensor windows. However, regular checks are recommended to ensure the optical
window has not been damaged. Generally, occurrence of damage is low with
correct use of the sensor guard. An additional copper gauze can be purchased
if biofouling on the sensor is likely to be an issue.
If the lens has become stained and the cause is known, the sensor can be
rinsed using a weak acid (0.05M sulphuric acid). This can occur in systems
were dosing with chemicals such as ferric-based solutions are common practice.
If staining occurs with no known cause, do not attempt to remove it until you
are sure of its origin. Occasionally individual bristles can become trapped
between the wiper and the turbidity sensor, simply straighten them or
carefully trim the overhanging bristles to remedy this. The wiper can
deteriorate over time or clog with debris (algae, silt, etc.). The wiper is
also supplied with an extended brush arm for cleaning the window of the other
optical sensors.
DO NOT MANUALLY FORCE THE WIPER ARM
To Change the Rubber Wiper Pad: 1. Use the hex key provided to loosen the
small set screw on the wiper arm (Fig 18). 2. Remove the wiper pad from the
wiper arm and replace the pad. 3. Replace the wiper arm on the motor shaft so
that the set screw faces the flat spot on the motor shaft. 4. Gently press the
wiper pad against the face of the probe until the pad is compressed to roughly
three quarters of its original thickness. It is important that the wiper arm
does not make contact with the probe face only the pad should be in contact.
A gap of 0.5 mm between the wiper arm and the probe face is typical when a new
pad has been installed. Another way of setting the pad gap is to place the pad
such that you can slide a small piece of paper under the pad, but snug enough
that the pad will hold the paper. 5. Tighten the grub screw. 6. Use the first
Allen key from your wiper kit to remove the standard turbidity sensor wiper.
Use the other Allen key to install the brush arm. Notice that the Allen grub
screw seats on the flat side of the wiper motor shaft.
16
Figure 22:(a) Location of set screw for removing the wiper (b) brush arm with
wiper pad and brush highlighted (c) Diagram of the turbidity sensor, grub
screw and Allen key.
5.3 Fluorometer Maintenance
Fluorometers should be rinsed or soaked in fresh deionized water following
each deployment, until it is completely clean. The optical window should be
visually inspected after each deployment following a soaking in fresh water;
ensure the sensor is turned off as you should never look as the LED is on. If
cleaning is needed, use optical tissue to clean the window with soapy water,
then rinse thoroughly with deionized water. If the lens has become stained and
you are aware of the cause, the sensor can be rinsed in a weak acid (e.g.
0.05M Sulphuric Acid). If the cause of staining is unclear, do not attempt to
remove it until it has been discovered. NB: The fluorometer should NOT come in
contact with any organic solvents (i.e. acetone, methanol) or strong acids and
bases.
17
5.4 Maintenance of Other Sensors
All sensors should be monitored throughout deployment to ensure they do not
become soiled thereby impairing their ability to take readings. Simple rinsing
and removal of debris during deployment should be sufficient to maintain
sensor health. Following deployment, the sensors can be cleaned by submerging
them in a bucket of deionized water or tap water. Use a soft cloth, or soft
bristle brush so remove debris from in-between sensors being careful not to
damage the sensor housings or faces. Often simply rinsing the instrument using
a bucket of water will suffice but, if you are using a hose, never direct the
jet towards the sensors as it can damage the sensor housing and the sensor
tips. Generally, you should avoid using pressure washers for this reason; the
warranty will not cover damage caused by inappropriate cleaning methods. Do
not use pressure washers or similar equipment for this reason; the warranty
will not cover damage caused by inappropriate cleaning methods. Use cotton
buds/q tips to clean smaller gaps. Following any cleaning, rinse the sensors
thoroughly in deionised water.
5.4.1 Reference Electrode
Reference electrodes are included with Probes which have pH, ORP or some types
of ISE. The reference electrode is filled with electrolyte fluid (KCl
saturated with silver chloride), which should be replaced as part of the
maintenance procedure. On every occasion the cap is replaced, all reliant
sensors must be recalibrated. 1. Remove the reference cap, also known as the
Teflon junction, by unscrewing it from the reference
sleeve and discard the old reference electrolyte fluid (Figure 19). 2. Fill
the sleeve completely with fresh pH reference electrolyte; tap the Proteus
gently a few times to
dislodge any bubbles. 3. Screw the reference cap back on to the sleeve. As you
screw the sleeve into place, both air and
excess electrolyte should be forced out of the sleeve through the reference
junction (the white, porous circle at the end of the sleeve). This both purges
any bubbles and removes any dirt build-up in the sleeve.
Figure 23: Reference electrode and pH electrolyte solution (provided in
maintenance kit).
18
Calibration
6.1 Basics of Parameter Calibration
Calibration is the process by which the individual sensors on the Proteus are
`taught’ to equate the matter it is sensing to a number. The raw sensor output
for all sensors is millivolts (mV) which is then converted by Proteus into the
specified units.
The following is a general procedure for calibration, although it will vary between sensors. Before starting any calibration procedure, ensure all fluids involved have been handled according to Manufacturer’s instructions and warnings on MSDS are observed. Correct PPE and disposal methods should also be utilised where applicable.
Calibration should be as thorough and precise as physically possible. The better the calibration is, the more reliable the data reported will be.
1. Cleaning.
·
If the unit is being returned following a deployment, it should be cleaned thoroughly before
attempting calibration.
·
See Section 5 for details.
2. Rinse with Deionised water.
·
Fill the calibration cup with a small amount of lab grade deionised water and invert the Probe
several times to rinse the sensors thoroughly.
·
Once completed, discard the fluid.
3. Rinse with calibration standard.
·
Fill the calibration cup with a small amount of the desired calibration standard and invert the
Proteus several times, ensuring the sensor to be calibrated is thoroughly rinsed in the fluid.
·
Once completed, discard the fluid.
·
Repeat this step at least twice to reduce the chance of accidental dilution.
4. Fill with calibration standard.
·
Fill the cup with the desired calibration standard, ensuring the top of the sensor being calibrated
is covered by the standard.
·
This can be done by either inverting the Proteus, or laying it on its side.
5. Exceptions.
·
The turbidity sensor must be submerged so that there is a minimum fluid blanking distance above
the optical window of 40 mm.
·
Fluorometers cannot be calibrated using the calibration cup as they require a minimum blanking
distance of 10 cm. Please refer to Section 6.8 for calibration specifics.
·
Some ISEs and the pH sensor also require the reference electrode to be submerged during
calibration.
·
For Custom Parameter calibration, see Section 3.4.3.
19
6.1.1 Calibration step-by step guide
1. Select parameter to calibrate by navigating to the Proteus menu Calibrate
Select parameter from drop down list. NB: This list shows all the possible
parameters that are available for Proteus, however, you can only calibrate
those sensors fitted to your Proteus.
Figure 24: Proteus Calibration Parameter List.
2. A pop up will open; enter the calibration value and wait for the reading
to stabilise
Figure 25: Proteus calibration window.
3. If the calibration has more than one point, the software will prompt you
to continue or accept.
20
6.1.2 Calibration Troubleshooting
·
Some sensors require longer to stabilise than others. Particular care should be taken to minimise
stabilisation time with turbidity and fluorometer calibrations as the matter will settle out which can
harm the accuracy of the calibration. In contrast, ISE sensors should be left for a minimum of 5 minutes
·
If you press `Quit’ at any point in the process, none of the data will be saved and the calibration will
have to be started again.
·
Upon accepting the final calibration point, the reading in the software will automatically refresh and
the newly calibrated reading will appear after the pop-up is closed.
·
Some sensors will also show a Sensor Response Factor (SRF) after acceptance but before the window
is shut, see Section 6.4 for more details.
6.2 Choosing Calibration Standards
To achieve the best accuracy in the field, a standard should be used which is
close to the expected field value. This is easiest to do if there is pre-
existing data for the site of interest however there are also widely available
standards if there is no data available. For example, parameters such as
Specific conductance (1-point calibration) have various fixed standards which
are environment specific (Table 4).
If you are using the Proteus across multiple environments it is recommended
that you recalibrate to accommodate the change in environmental
characteristics. For example, if you are moving the Proteus between a WWTW
inlet and final discharge, the turbidity calibration should be altered to
reflect the two different environments. As previously mentioned, re-
calibration should be considered every 6-12 months regardless to mitigate
potential drift within sensors.
21
Table 4: Information on Calibration standards. NB: `BP’ stands for Barometric Pressure.
Sensor
Temperature Reference Electrode
Depth
pH/pH reference ORP Conductivity
Standard Method of Calibration
Never requires calibrating Never requires calibrating
Adjust for BP
2/3 point 1 Point 1 Point
Turbidity Optical DO (HDO)
Ion Selective Electrodes Ammonium (NH4+) Chloride (Cl-)
2 Point Calibrate at 100% saturated water
2 Point 2 Point
Nitrate (N03-)
2 Point
Sodium (Na+)
2 Point
Calcium (Ca2+)
2 Point
Bromide (Br-)
2 Point
Fluorometers Tryptophan-Like Fluorescence
2 Point
Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM)
2 Point
Chlorophyll
2 Point
Rhodamine
2 Point
Blue Green Algae
2 Point
(Phycocyanin and Phycoerythrin)
Refined Oil Crude Oil Fluorescein Dye Optical Brighteners
2 Point 2 Point 2 Point 2 Point
Available Calibration Solutions
Additional Comments
Replace pH electrolyte solution during routine maintenance.
N/A
Adjust at deployment site for
best accuracy
pH 4, pH 7, pH 10
pH 7 and pH 10 most common
ORP standard 200 mV
CD Standard, 0.5 Molar, 58670 µS Brackish/saltwater
CD Standard, 0.1 Molar, 12856 µS Borderline brackish
CD Standard, 0.01 Molar, 1413 µS Freshwater- very pure
CD Standard, 0.001 Molar, 147 µS Fresh/glacial
0 NTU, 10 NTU, 100 NTU, 400 NTU
Calibrate near expected value
DI water shake vigorously to oxygenate
Set BP before calibrating, recalibrate at deployment site for best accuracy
Ammonia Monitor Standard 5ppm and 50ppm CD Standard 147 µS CD Standard 1412 µS
Nitrate Monitor Standard 4.62 ppm and 40.62 ppm. KNO3 based standard. Sodium
Standard Solution 5ppm and 50ppm Calcium Calibration Standard
Bromide Calibration Standard
Use most applicable calibration standard range.
Enter 34.3 mg/L during low end calibration and 319.3 mg/L for high end
calibration
Use most applicable calibration standard range.
Use most applicable calibration standard range.
Use most applicable calibration standard range.
Use most applicable calibration standard range.
Synthetic Tryptophan stock solution of desired concentration. DI water
Quinine sulphate standard 100 µg/l Or PTSA Standard
Details in Section 6.2.1
Quinine sulphate standard composed of Quinine Sulphate dihydrate and 0.05M
sulphuric acid
Secondary solid or liquid standard or lab sample
Secondary solid standard or Rhodamine WT Rhodamine WT (RWT)
PTSA Lab standard NDSA Lab Standard NDSA Lab Standard NDSA Lab Standard
Blue excitation can be calibrated using Rhodamine WT 400 ppb = 40 µg/L
Phycocyanin (PC) 200 ppb RWT = 260 ppb PC Phycoerythrin (PN) 50 ppb RWT = 500
ppb PN
22
6.2.1 Tryptophan Stock Solution
The Tryptophan stock solution can be used to calibrate the tryptophan
fluorometer. Each stage must be carried out carefully to ensure accuracy.
Please note, the stock solution must be diluted before calibration, it cannot
be used at the concentration it is made; see Section 6.8 for instructions.
Equipment Required:
·
1 x 1 litre volumetric flask
·
1 x 2 litre beaker (Borosilicate recommended)
·
1 x Magnetic stirrer or other automatic stirrer
·
1 x Synthetic L-Tryptophan powder (laboratory grade)
·
1 x 1 litre of Lab grade, ultra-pure deionised water
·
Precision weighing scales, capable of 0.001g accuracy.
Method: 1. Accurately weigh out 0.2g of L-Tryptophan Powder. 2. Add the L-Tryptophan powder to an empty and clean 1 litre Volumetric flask.
TIP: Use a squeezy bottle filled with Ultra-Pure Deionised Water to rinse the Tryptophan powder from the boat and inner surfaces of the flask neck, ensuring all powder enters the main bulb of the flask.
3. Accurately fill the flask to the 1 litre mark with Ultra-Pure Deionised
water. 4. Place the flask on the magnetic stirrer. Carefully add the stirring
bean and switch on the stirrer to
fully dissolve the powder in the water. This may take 20mins.
Add the bean after the flask has been filled with water in stage 3 to account for displacement.
This 1Ltr of stock solution has a Tryptophan concentration of 200mg/L or 200,000 ppb.
Where: 100mg (0.1g) L-Tryp powder in 1 litre = 100mg/L or 100,000ppb Therefore: 200mg (0.2g) L-Tryp powder in 1 litre = 200mg/L or 200,000ppb
This Stock solution should be kept refrigerated and can expect to last 1 week
Making smaller volumes requires very small amounts of powder which will significantly increase the risk of error in the final concentration value.
CDOM Stock solution can be made using the exact same method, simply substitute L-Tryptophan powder for Quinine Sulphate Dihydrate.
6.3 The Calibration Log
Every Proteus has a dedicated internal data file called`CAL LOG’, located via the Proteus drop down menu (Figure 9). The CAL LOG records every calibration that your instrument has accepted. The full information provided in the CAL LOG can be seen in Figure 22, and the log will include both successful and unsuccessful calibrations. The CAL LOG can be used effectively to understand sensor behaviour and rate of drift (if applicable).
Date
Time
Sensor SN
Units
RV
Old
New
SRF
04/30/19 18:22:33 TURB
4193730 NTU
2.21E-02 -1.56
0
100
Figure 26: An example line from a Proteus calibration log showing a
0-turbidity calibration. SN = Serial number, RV = Raw voltage, Old’ refers to the reading pre-calibration and
New’ to the reading post calibration.
23
6.4 Sensor Response Factor (SRF)
Also included in the Calibration Log is a Sensor Response Factor (SRF) (Figure
23). The SRF is a numerical value that is provided by the instrument to
indicate how well the sensor is responding. An SRF between 80 and 120 is good.
If the SRF falls between 60 to 140 it should be investigated for sensor
functioning but may still be acceptable. If your SRF is outside those limits,
check your standard value and the maintenance condition of your sensor. In
addition, each sensor calibration’s Sensor Response Factor (SRF) is
automatically logged into the CAL LOG with the details of that calibration;
this can also be checked if you are concerned about the SRF reported to
compared to previous calibrations.
Figure 27: Sensor Response Factor Pop-Up
6.5 Units/Conversion Factors
Fluorescence: the units reported are ppb (ppb = µg/l). However, the raw
fluorescence output is preferred (i.e. mV) then this can be provided as an
additional parameter. Temperature: the units reported are °C (°F=°C x 1.8
+32:K = °C + 273.15). BOD equivalent: the units reported are mg/L. COD
equivalent: the units reported are mg/L. DOC/TOC: the units reported are mg/L.
Coliforms (all types): units reported at cfu/100ml.
24
6.6 Factory Calibration for Derived Parameters
The sensor is initially programmed with a 2-point factory calibration for both the turbidity sensor and any fluorometers present. Coefficients are then applied to achieve the derived parameters; the coefficients are generic based on most similar application which is why they should be followed up with a site-specific calibration to achieve maximum accuracy. For full details on site calibrations, see Section 6.9.
For turbidity, and other parameters where applicable, custom calibrations can be provided upon request. You
may wish to consider a custom calibration under the following conditions:
·
A larger range is required than typically offered or more calibration points across a specified range.
·
A calibration using a matrix water dilution series.
·
A calibration with user specified standard material, for example, the turbidity sensor is typically
calibrated using Formazin standard but could also be calibrated with polymer beads.
Figure 28: Proteus instruments default low range relationship (turbidity and
temperature-corrected tryptophan).
6.7 Turbidity Calibration
Turbidity is measured as the fraction of an infrared light beam that is
scattered at 90° to that beam. The more particles that are in the water cause
more light to be scattered, and therefore the turbidity reading increases. The
turbidity sensor cannot distinguish between particles in the water and any
that have accumulated on the sensor window. Therefore, the in-built wiper
should be triggered before each reading to ensure a clear optical window.
DO NOT MANUALLY FORCE ROTATE THE WIPER ARM.
Turbidity uses a two-point calibration; one point is zero turbidity and the
other point should be a standard approximating the maximum turbidity of the
water you intend to monitor. Make sure you use enough calibration standard to
cover the sensor’s “optical volume” a distance of >70mm is adequate.
Calibration should be undertaken in a dark, non-reflective container. Ensure
the sensor is properly rinsed with the fluid before starting calibration and
follow the on-screen instructions guidance provided in Section 6.1.
25
6.8 Fluorometer Calibration
Calibration of the fluorometers requires a slightly different procedure to the
other sensors as they need to be calibrated in darkness to avoid light
interference. In addition to the procedure detailed in Section 6.1, the
following considerations should be noted: Fluorometers must be calibrated in
the dark, in a non-reflective container. Avoid using plastic as this can
fluoresce, a glass beaker wrapped in a black cloth on all sides will be
suitable. There must be a minimum blanking distance of 10cm (vertical) and 10
cm (horizontal) between the sensor and the sides of the container to prevent
light reflection. See Figure 25. The Proteus must be suspended in direct
contact with the liquid, without the calibration cup or sensor guard. The
Proteus must be suspended perfectly vertically as any degree of tilt can cause
readings to fluctuate, potentially resulting in an inaccurate calibration.
There should be no bubbles in the fluid or on the optical lens of the
fluorometer.
Figure 29 – Calibration set-up for fluorometer calibration. The Proteus can be
suspended in solution via a clamp or by using eyebolts if equipped (inset
image). The image does not depict the required black covering around the
container to allow for other features to be communicated. The black, non-
reflective covering should be used on all sides.
If you are using the stock solution recipe (Section 6.2.1.), use a pipette to
dilute 1ml of stock solution into 2l of Ultra-pure deionised water; this
produces a calibration solution of 100 ppb. We have individual calibration
SOPs available on request. You can also watch our video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YNuPSZqT4EY&t=14s
26
6.8.1 Typical Tryptophan Ranges and respective BOD
Below is an advisory guide as to different environment’s typical TLF
concentration and the respective average BOD ranges.
Table 5: Guidance on average BOD ranges.
HABITAT Rivers
TRYPTOPHAN-LIKE FLOURESCENCE
20-60ppb
Treated effluent and polluted rivers 20-1500ppb
Primary/Secondary effluent Raw municipal sewage
Contaminated industrial effluent
50-6000ppb 100-12000ppb
800->10000ppb
BOD5 0-5 mg/L-1 5-60 mg/L-1
40-300 mg/L-1 100-600 mg/L-1 400-6000 mg/L-1
6.8.2 Temperature Compensation
Fluorescence is a temperature sensitive measurement as at higher temperatures
the signal is `quenched’ or attenuated (see figure 26 for example). The
fluorescence signal is also corrected for temperature quenching allowing the
user to measure uncompensated and compensated fluorescence.
The Proteus is placed in the solution to be measured and warmed and cooled
across the range expected during field monitoring (usually 5 – 25 °C).
Readings are then logged and the readings are then used to create a regression
relationship between temperature and tryptophan like fluorescence. The ratio
of the slope: intercept () has been shown to be relatively constant regardless
of fluorophore concentration and thus provides a robust temperature
compensation coefficient.
Figure 30: Temperature-compensated TLF of a laboratory standard.
27
6.8.3 Tryptophan Turbidity Compensation
As with any optical measurement the accuracy of the measurement is dependent
on the clarity of the sample volume. In the case of tryptophan like
fluorescence we observe both amplification and attenuation of the signal
depending on the number of particles suspended in the water column. At very
high concentrations of suspended particles (i.e. turbidity > 300NTU)
attenuation of the signal becomes significant whilst amplification is most
pronounced between 30-100 NTU (Figure 27). Proteus Instruments have developed
and patented robust laboratory-based compensation algorithms that can be
employed to correct for influence of turbidity. However, as particle size can
influence the response the fluorescence sensor exhibits it is important to
know some information about the sediment dynamics in your study catchment.
Alternatively, a site specific, field-based calibration can be constructed
between BOD and tryptophan like fluorescence can be established (See Section
6.9). This compensation factor is optional and is advised when highly variable
fluorescence dynamics are anticipated or when the fluorescence signal is of
interest rather than the calibrated BOD reading.
Figure 31: Change in fluorescence signal with turbidity.
6.8.4 Verification and Calibration
The optical sensors in the Proteus should display minimal drift, however we
recommend routine verification with a blank in the field.
28
6.9 Site-specific Calibration
For accurate and repeatable measurement of any of the derived parameters, a
site-specific calibration is recommended. This should ideally encapsulate a
high flow event when rapid changes in turbidity (sediment concentrations) and
organic matter loadings are likely to occur. Proteus Instruments can offer
rental of refrigerated pump samplers (ISCO Avalanche) for storm sampling.
These samples have to be taken simultaneously with the Proteus readings in the
same location. Collected samples can then processed at an accredited
laboratory. If you require additional information regarding correct sampling
procedures, we can provide instructions. We require a minimum of 15 paired
samples (2 x 15 samples = 30 samples total) across the entire measurement
range of the conditions expected. For example, if you are monitoring coliforms
where the day-to-day average is 1-3 cfu/100 ml, but during storms this
increases to 100+ cfu/100 ml, you should aim start sampling before a
forecasted storm and continue to sample through the rising limb to the point
at which coliforms peak. You can, of course, sample beyond this but as a
minimum, the entire range must be covered. Alternatively, a generalised
relationship between temperature/turbidity corrected tryptophan-like
fluorescence (or other fluorescence) and the derived parameters can be used.
However, it is important to note that these have been derived from studies on
a subset of all possible applications so will act as more of an indicator of
organic enrichment rather than a quantitative measurement of the derived
parameter. See below (Figure 28) for the generalised relationships based on
samples collected from agricultural and urban river systems.
Figure 32: Schematic of a site-specific calibration procedure. A. Displays the
components of a storm hydrograph. To ensure a good calibration it is important
to sample at a range of points in time across the hydrograph to get a wide
range of TLF values and turbidity readings. B. Displays the automatic pump
sampler Proteus Instruments can provide for sampling storm events. C. If users
do not have access to lab facilities Proteus Instruments can arrange for BOD
sample bottles to be delivered and collected after sampling and analysis then
conducted in an accredited laboratory. D. A site specific BOD- TLF
relationship can be established and real-time continuous measurements of BOD
can be provided.
29
6.10 Calibration of other Sensors
In the following section there is a description of the remaining sensors
available to purchase with a Proteus and their calibration procedure. Please
be aware, temperature is not listed as it does not require calibration. To
access the parameters:
Proteus Drop-down Menu Calibrate Select parameter from list.
Figure 33: Proteus Sensor Identification.
30
6.10.1 Setting Time, Date and Barometric Pressure (BP)
The time and date are typically set to a default. You can change this to the
local time-zone either manually or using the synch to PC option’ (Figure 30). Note: The date is displayed in the American format of Month/Day/Year. Figure 34: Set Date and Time command prompt. Barometric Pressure is required if you have a Dissolved Oxygen sensor. The BP can be entered in two ways, either in mm/Hg (if known) or by entering the elevation above sea level, and the software will calculate the approximate BP based on this. Entering the mm/HG is preferred as it has a greater accuracy; the information can usually be obtained using local weather forecasts. Note: Whichever field is filled, the other will auto-calculate based on the provided values. If your Proteus is equipped with an un-vented depth sensor, you can also automatically set the BP by using
Get BP’ (Figure 31). To do this,
simply remove the calibration cup and have the Proteus steady on a workbench
or similar, ensuring the depth sensor is exposed to air. The correct values
will then populate the BP and altitude fields.
Figure 35: Set BP command prompt.
31
6.10.2 Dissolved Oxygen (HDO)
The optical dissolved-oxygen sensor comprises of a blue-light source, a
sensing surface and a red-light receiver. The sensing surface is an oxygen-
active compound stabilized in an oxygen-permeable polymer, usually silicone.
When the sensing surface is exposed to water (or air), oxygen diffuses into
the sensing surface according to the amount (partial pressure) of oxygen in
the water. The oxygen active compound fluoresces under the blue light,
emitting red light which is then detected by the receiver. In each measurement
cycle, the blue light is first turned on and then turned off. The red-light
receiver measures the time it takes after the blue light is turned off for the
fluorescence to cease. The resultant value is proportional to dissolved
oxygen.
The sensor output is corrected for the temperature and salinity of the water.
NB: Salinity correction is dependent on an Electrical Conductivity sensor also
being fitted.
Optical dissolved-oxygen sensors generally have very low drift rates (compared
to the electrode method), so experience will define how often your optical
sensor needs calibrating.
The tip of the optical dissolved oxygen sensor (HDO) must be replaced
periodically, typically once every 4 years. If your SRF reports less than 100%
or if you notice that the sensor’s readings are getting noisy (i.e. the data
is fluctuating beyond the normal range), this is typically indicative of the
tip requiring changing. The tip is simple to replace though unscrewing the old
tip and replacing with the new tip. Calibration is required with each new
sensor tip. Proteus is an advocate of the “air-saturated water” calibration
method as opposed to the “water saturated air” calibration.
It should be noted that the sensor appears on all lists as HDO’, the
H’ is
in reference the original sensor manufacturer.
Procedure for Air-saturated calibration of DO sensor:
1. Ensure BP has been set and is accurate. 2. Fill a 1l container with 0.5
litres of water, fix on the lid and shake vigorously for approximately 1
minute. 3. Remove the lid and let the container stand for approximately 5
minutes, letting the air bubbles float
out. 4. Affix the Proteus calibration cup to the main housing and invert the
probe so the sensors are facing
upwards. 5. Fill the cup with the water from the container until the DO cap is
submerged by ~1cm. Leave for 1-2
minutes for the temperature to equalise. 6. Follow the on-screen instructions
for DO calibration remember to select % Sat from the parameter
list not mg/L.
Additional Guidance
We do not recommend that a zero-point DO is calibrated however, the Proteus software does support a zero
calibration. We do recommend that the sensor’s zero response should be monitored infrequently using one
of the following methods:
·
The simplest way to check zero response is with nitrogen gas (N2 (g)). Wrap the sensor-end of your
Proteus with a plastic bag and feed nitrogen gas into the bag. Ensure there is a second outlet at the
opposite end of the bag for the air to escape. If you’re using a high-pressure gas bottle, please use a
two-stage regulator.
·
Dissolve a few grams of sodium sulphite and a pinch of cobalt chloride in a half-litre of tap water.
This solution can be purchased pre-made but be careful not to aerate the solution by pouring it
numerous times.
·
Prepare zero-oxygen water by bubbling nitrogen through water. Use bottled gas and an aquarium-
type air stone. After bubbling the gas through a litre of water for 10 minutes it should produce an
acceptable zero solution.
32
6.10.3 Electrical Conductivity/Specific Conductance
Proteus uses the four-electrode method to determine water conductivity; two
pairs of graphite electrodes are situated in a stable geometry. A constant
voltage is applied to one of each electrode pair and the amount of current
required to maintain that voltage is measured. As the conductivity of the
water increases, the current increases.
The zero point for the sensor is set electronically and can be verified by
testing the sensor in air. The reading should return 0 and therefore a one-
point calibration for the “slope” point is adequate.
To calibrate the `slope’ point: 1. Fill the calibration cup with your
conductivity standard to cover the conductivity sensor. Tap gently
on the cup to make sure there aren’t bubbles trapped in the conductivity
sensor. 2. Follow the Control Software’s calibration instructions.
The Proteus reports Specific Conductance as standard i.e. Conductivity of
water standardised to 25°C. Conductivity has other forms including Total
Dissolved Solids (TDS) and Salinity.
TDS and Salinity are calculated using conductivity and therefore cannot be
directly calibrated for, it needs to be done through the conductivity
calibration. They can be calibrated for by adjusting the calibration point of
the conductivity sensor. Enable either TDS or Salinity using the sensor and
parameter list, and then calibrate conductivity as above using the appropriate
TDS or Salinity Standard; accept the calibration when your chosen parameter is
reading as expected.
6.10.4 pH
pH is measured as the voltage drop across the glass membrane of a pH
electrode. A reference electrode is used to complete the voltage measuring
circuit. The pH glass is specially formulated to absorb water so that ions
(particularly H+ and OH-) in the water are attracted to the glass to offset
the ionic constituency of the pH electrode’s internal electrolyte. As a
result, there is a charge separation across the glass and that’s the voltage
we measure. pH readings are automatically compensated for temperature.
As before, pH can be calibrated using either two or three points, with a two-
point calibration including pH 7 (neutral). If your target monitoring
environment has an average pH that fluctuates both above and below 7, a three-
point calibration is more beneficial.
To calibrate pH, use the process outline in Section 6.1 and follow the on-
screen instructions from the Proteus Manager.
6.10.5 Oxidation-Reduction Potential (ORP)
ORP is measured as the voltage drop across the platinum membrane of an ORP
electrode. The actual ORP sensor is the 1 mm silver-coloured dot you can see
when looking down at the pH sensor if your Proteus has ORP. A reference
electrode is used to complete the voltage-measuring circuit. Because platinum
does not react with ions in the water, it won’t give or take any electrons
from those ions unless they are very persuasive. The potential (voltage)
created by this refusal is what you’re actually measuring as ORP.
ORP, displayed as ORP_mV in the calibration drop-down menu, uses a one-point
calibration. Follow the steps outlined in Section 6.1, ensuring both the ORP
sensor and reference electrode are submerged within your calibration standard.
33
6.10.6 Depth and Vented Depth (Gauge)
Depth is measured by a strain-gauge transducer as hydrostatic water pressure;
as depth increases so does pressure. Proteus depth sensors are usually inside
the instrument, with a small pressure port that can be seen on the outside of
the Proteus bottom cap.
Depth calibration should be carried out `in-air’, following the on-screen
instructions on the Proteus control Manager.
The Depth sensor cannot distinguish between water pressure and the air
pressure exerted on the water (i.e. barometric pressure). After you have
zeroed the sensor, any change in barometric pressure will be measured as a
change in water pressure. Water is 10x heavier than air so any error
introduced by barometric pressure changes is small.
If increased accuracy is required the Vented Depth, or Gauge sensors are
available. Vented Depth uses the same transducer as the Depth, except that
there’s a tiny hole in the back of the transducer. A vented cable is required,
one with a small hollow tube running through it. Atmospheric pressure is
sensed by the transducer via the little hole down the vent tube. Changes in
barometric pressure will therefore not affect the depth reading. Vented-Depth
cables have a desiccant-filled housing at their surface end. The desiccant
keeps water from condensing in the vent tube by letting vapor escape through a
small Gortex patch. The housing should be kept clean and desiccants replaced
every year or when the colour change indicates so. The vent tube should not be
blocked.
6.10.7 Ion Selective Electrodes (ISEs)
ISE’s are traditionally used in the laboratory at a constant, moderate
temperature, with ionic strength adjusters added to each sample so that the
sample and calibration solution have roughly the same ionic strength. ISE’s
can provide valuable information in the field, for instance in watching short-
term trends, but their calibration requirements, stability and accuracy are
not nearly as simple and reliable as those for DO, conductivity, turbidity,
etc. For field use, Proteus makes several theoretical and empirical
corrections to elicit the best possible field performance.
ISE’s operates much like a pH electrode except that the pH glass is replaced
by a membrane that is selective for the analyte of interest (ammonium,
chloride, nitrate, sodium). The electrode’s filling solution contains a salt
of the analyte and the difference between that salt’s concentration and the
analyte concentration in your water produces a charge separation. That charge
separation is measured, relative to the reference electrode, as a voltage that
changes predictably with changes in the analyte concentration in the water
adjacent the membrane.
When not deployed, ISE tips should be stored with a small amount of water in
the calibration cup to ensure it doesn’t dry out. The sensing elements (tip)
for Nitrate and Ammonium ISE’s have service lifetimes of ~90 days, after this
the tip must be replaced. Tips are easily replaceable by simple removing the
expired tip and screwing a new tip on. If your Proteus is equipped with more
than one ISE, use care when replacing tips so that you don’t put a tip on the
wrong sensor (for example put a Nitrate on the Sodium sensor). Each sensor
body is programmed for a specific ISE; the ISE is identified by a series of
rings or dots. One ring or dot means the sensor body is programmed for a
Chloride ISE; two = Calcium, three = Nitrate, four = Ammonium, five = Bromide
and six = Sodium.
Note that the Ammonium ISE senses ammonium, but at pH’s higher than 8 the
ammonium (NH4+) is mostly converted into ammonia gas (NH3). Proteus’s software
uses the pH, Conductivity and Temperature of the sample water to calculate
Ammonia (as mg/L-N). You can also display Total Ammonia; the sum of Ammonia
and Ammonium.
34
Ammonium, Nitrate and Sodium ISE’s suffer from interference in the presence of
positive ions. All three are sensitive to potassium ions while Sodium can be
affected by ammonium ions and Ammonium and Nitrate are sensitive to Sodium
ions. The Chloride ISE is generally unaffected by the presence of other ions.
Note that the Sodium ISE has a plastic membrane with a wider pH range (pH 3
10) and less pH interference than the traditional sodium ISE’s (which are made
with glass membranes). This sensor is specified to have a 10 second response
time and a range of 0.05 2,300 mg/L Na+. The Sodium ISE can be immersed to
15 meters of water without damage, but there may be a pressure effect on the
reading. Although testing on a limited sample size showed this error to be
within our ±20% accuracy specification, we recommend that users check the
performance of their particular sensors under actual field conditions. Note
that that the Sodium ISE has a slow response to changes in temperature and may
take many minutes to reach a final reading when the temperature changes
significantly. Calibration of ISEs are usually 2-point, based on chosen
standard. Follow the guidance in Section 6.1, with the exception of allowing
the reading a minimum of three minutes to stabilise before accepting it.
Ensure the ORP sensor and reference electrode are also submerged during
calibration.
6.10.8 Total Dissolved Gas (TDG)
The TDG sensor is a pressure transducer attached to a “membrane”. This
membrane is a long piece of thin-wall, silicone tubing whose job is matching
gas partial pressures inside the tube with those of the surrounding water. The
sum of those partial pressures is measured by the transducer to give the TDG
of the water. If the membrane becomes soiled or damaged, the membrane assembly
must be replaced. Simply unscrew the old membrane and screw on a new membrane.
Screw it on finger-tight, plus 1/4 turn. Silicone rubber is chosen for the
membrane material because gases pass through silicone readily. This means that
response time for silicone is much faster than if the membrane were, say,
Teflon. However, if the membrane is soaked in water for more than a few hours,
the silicone absorbs just enough water to slow the gas transfer considerably.
This is not usually a problem for unattended monitoring applications (the TDG
doesn’t change very quickly) but can be annoying if you are doing daily spot-
checks. In that case, it’s best to dry out the membrane between stations by
using only a few drops of water in the storage cup instead of a full cup.
6.10.9 PAR
The PAR sensor comes equipped with its own manual and cannot be calibrated by
the end user. If you require additional information, please contact info
@proteus-instruments.com.
35
Communication and Data Logging
When unattended data capture is required the “snapshot” function is not
suitable as it requires a hard-wired connection to a laptop or desktop
computer. The Proteus offers a variety of logging and telemetry options to
suit a wide range of field set-ups.
7.1 Internal Data Logging
Internal data logging has to be enabled via the computer software (Section 3)
and also using the ON/OFF” switch plate on the IBP. If your probe does not come with an IBP, enable logging through the software. The LED indicator lights will confirm that logging is enabled and that sufficient voltage remains in the batteries. The Proteus automatically synchronises logging times using the nearest hour, for example if logging with an interval of 15 minutes is set at 10:05, the first reading will be taken at 10:15 and then every 15 minutes thereafter. After enabling logging, the Proteus will continue logging at the set interval until either the switch plate is turned to
Off’ or the
external power source is removed. NB. For more detailed information on
managing data logging refer to Section 3.
7.2 Internal and External Battery Packs
The Proteus can be built with an Internal Battery Pack (IBP) or can be
connected to an External Battery Pack (EBP). In addition, the Proteus can be
powered using a secondary DC power source such as a solar-recharged storage
battery. If you have an IBP/EBP and a secondary power source attached, the
Proteus will use power coming from the secondary power source as long as its
voltage is sufficient. If the Proteus cannot find adequate voltage in the
Marine Cable, it will use the IBP or EBP.
7.2.1 Battery Life
If the battery runs out during deployment, logging will simply cease until the
batteries are recharged or replaced. As there are many combinations of sensors
for a Proteus, individual battery life will vary however Table 6 has some
rough guidelines. Battery length will also be affected by operating
temperature, and type of cell if using an EBP; as standard, the IBP takes 6
C-cell batteries.
Table 6: (Next Page) Approximate battery life of different Proteus sensor
configurations.
36
Model
Sensors
Logging Interval Approximate Battery Life (with IBP Alkaline C cells)
Proteus 3.5″ 1 x Temperature 1 x Turbidity 1 x Fluorometer
15 mins 60 mins
17.9 Days 61.8 Days
Proteus 3.5″ 1 x Turbidity,
15 mins
1 x Temperature,
2 x Fluorometers,
1 x pH/ORP
1 x Reference Electrode
1 x Conductivity
60 mins
1 x Depth
1 x ISE
13.7 Days 48.7 Days
Proteus 4.0″ 1 x Temp
15 mins
1 x Turbidity
3 x Fluorometers
1 x Dissolved Oxygen
1 x pH/ORP
1 x Reference Electrode
1 x Conductivity
60 mins
1 x Depth
2 x ISEs
10.0 Days 36.6 Days
Approximate Battery Life (with IBP Lithium C cells) 26.2 Days 89.9 Days 20
Days
71.2 Days
14.6 Days
53.4 Days
7.2.2 Changing the IBP batteries
Before changing the IBP batteries, please do the following:
·
Ensure all dirt, grit and other debris has been cleared and the probe thoroughly dried as sealing
surfaces will be exposed.
·
Ensure all batteries are changed at the same time and use the same brand of battery.
To change the batteries: 1. Grasp the eyebolt on top of the battery housing
(Figure 32) and unscrew until the cap moves free of
the housing. 2. Remove the spent batteries, paying close attention to any
ensure all the batteries are in-tact on removal. 3. Clean any debris or dirt
off of the exposed O-ring surfaces. 4. Add a small amount of silicone grease
to the O-rings and the inside of the battery sleeve where the
batteries sit. 5. Replace the batteries (6 x C cell), paying careful attention
to the polarity diagram on the outside of
the sleeve (Figure 32). 6. Replace the cap and screw the eyebolt to secure it.
7. If activating logging, move the switch bolt (Figure 32) into the `ON’
position (activation via the
software must be done prior to this). The red light will flash 5 times to
confirm logging has been successfully activated, followed by a single green
flash to confirm adequate voltage is being received.
Figure 36: Changing of IBP batteries
37
7.2.3 Installing and Removing the EBP
All Proteus models can utilize the optional, removable External Battery Pack, a watertight housing with a cassette for batteries Most EBP’s are used when logging, but they can also be used to power the Proteus while it is connected to a Data Display if the Data Display cannot provide sufficient power.
The EBP screws into the top of the Proteus housing, where the marine cable would usually connect (Figure 27). The EBP is installed immediately prior to deployment and later removed for data upload or calibration.
Prior to installing the EBP:
·
Ensure the top of the Proteus housing is clear of any dirt, grit or debris and dry.
·
Remove any cable that is attached to the Proteus marine connector.
·
Clean the connector pins on both the EBP and the Proteus and add silicone grease, if required. Please
Note: the Proteus pins have a gap in the outer circle
To install the EBP: 1. Align the white dot on the bottom of the EBP with the
gap in the Proteus pins and gently push the
EBP onto the Proteus. This action requires minimal force, if you experience
significant resistance, do not force it as they haven’t lined up correctly. In
this instance, remove the EBP and try again. 2. Once in place, grasp the EBP
locking sleeve (Figure 33) and the Proteus, and rotate the locking sleeve and
it will screw into place, creating a water tight seal. 3. Tighten the EBP
firmly.
Figure 37: Connection of an EBP to a Proteus probe.
The Proteus will begin logging automatically, confirmed by five red light
flashes and a single green light flash, as long as it has been enabled on the
Proteus Manager (Section 3.3).
7.2.4 Changing the EBP Batteries
The procedure for changing the batteries is identical to the IBP (Section
7.2.1). As there is no switch plate on EBP, logging is activated solely using
the Proteus Manager.
38
7.3 Direct Connection with Amphibian
For applications where the Proteus is connected directly to a desktop/laptop
computer via a data cable, the Proteus will log directly to the computer hard
drive (outlined in Section 3.4). It can also be connected to an Amphibian
display (purchased separately) via the following procedure: 1. Power-on the
Amphibian Data Display. 2. Connect the Proteus and Underwater Cable to the
Amphibian using the nine-pin connector on the
bottom end of the Amphibian2. 3. On the lower right corner of the start-up
screen, select “Amp_2_2_X or Proteus_2_2_X” to launch the
Proteus control software. 4. You should see scrolling data from the Proteus
7.4 Bluetooth
The Bluetooth Battery Pack (BBP) can be used to communicate wirelessly between
the Proteus and a computer, while also supplying power to the Proteus. The BBP
contains a Bluetooth transmitter and receiver, an on/off switch and a
rechargeable battery with a life of 6-8 hours. The BBP connects directly to
the Proteus via a data cable and then a compatible device is connected to the
module via Bluetooth.
Figure 38: Proteus connected via BBP to a Bluetooth enabled laptop.
The Bluetooth Battery’s Bluetooth address is shown on a label on the battery
itself. For smartphones/tablets, the app is downloadable from the Google Play
Store under `Manta Control Software’.
39
7.4.1 Connecting to Compatible Tablets and Smartphones
The Proteus app is provided free of charge with all BBP purchases, and can be
downloaded onto as many devices as required.
To connect to the app: 1. Switch the BBP using the on/off button and open the
Proteus Bluetooth app on your device.
NB: The BBP LED will flash to indicate the BBP has been switch on, if no
flashing occurs the unit needs charging. 2. Follow the usual steps you would
take to pair the BBP to your device. 3. Once paired, select the correct
Proteus from the app home screen, where the ID on the BBP will be visible. 4.
When requested for a password, the default password set is 1234′. 5. Following password acceptance, the data will start scrolling. 7.4.2 Connecting to Amphibian For connecting the Amphibian using Bluetooth for the first time follow procedure below: 1. Switch the BBP using the on/off button and open the Proteus Bluetooth app on your device. NB: The BBP LED will flash to indicate the BBP has been switch on, if no flashing occurs the unit needs charging. 2. Enable Bluetooth (BT) on the Amphibian by pushing the BT ICON on the start-up screen. Make sure the BT ICON turns green and says “Discoverable”. 3. On the Amphibian Home Page select “Settings”, then “Connections” and then select the “Bluetooth” ICON (not the BT COM ICON). Delete any BT devices listed by pressing and holding, then select delete. 4. Select “Add New Device”, select the Bluetooth ID of your Proteus BT when it appears, then select “Next”. 5. Enter the password “1234”and select
Next” and the display will connect to your Proteus BT.
Select the Proteus BT device and put a checkmark on the serial port and then
select “Save”. 6. Now select “COM Ports” at the top of the screen. Next select
“New Outgoing Port”, then your Proteus BT will show up highlighted. Select
“Next” from the bottom and use the pull-down menu to select an available COM
port, such as COM5. Once selected, select “Finish” and then “OK”. Select “X”
to return to Home Page. 7. On the Home Page, select “Amp_2_2_X” to launch the
Proteus control software. Upon connection, the blinking light on the Proteus
BT will turn solid. Once the software is running and the Amphibian is
connected via the Proteus BT, you should see data scrolling. 8. From now on
when the Amphibian is on, with Bluetooth enabled and the Proteus BT Battery is
switched “ON”, the Proteus will be found on the previously-selected COM port,
unless you change the settings.
40
Appendix
8.1 Additional Trouble shooting
Throughout the manual, various troubleshooting has been suggested however
there is some more information below which you may find useful in the rare
event of encountering difficulties.
8.1.1 Communication with Computer
If your Proteus is unable to communicate with your computer, please try the
following: 1. Check all cable connections for loose or un-matched connections.
If nothing seems amiss, disconnect and reconnect all cables and restart the
software, to resolve the issue. 2. Ensure both your computer drivers and
software used is up to date please note this can include operating system
updates as, if they are overdue, can disrupt how your computer works. 3. Check
that the COM port being used by the USB adaptor matches the COM port detected
in the Proteus Control software this is more applicable when you have
multiple units connected but select a different COM port for the Proteus if it
is not being detected. 4. Once connected, check if the LED at the top of the
Proteus housing is flashing green (indicative of satisfactory voltage); if it
is not flashing (or you get a brief red LED flash), the Proteus is not
receiving enough power to operate and should be connected to an additional
power supply. You can connect an auxiliary power supply into the side of the
USB-RS232 adaptor. 5. If none of the above works, and you have more than one
Proteus or cable, try another to see if the issue can be isolated.
If you have checked all of the above and the problem still has not resolved,
it is possible the CPU board needs to be replaced or repaired; please contact
support@proteus-instruments.com.
8.1.2 Measurement Values are Unrealistic
If the measurement values being recorded by your Proteus are `unrealistic’,
please try the following: 1. Check all sensors are correctly calibrated – You
can do this by calling up the cal log (Section 3.4.2),
referencing your calibration certificate and by putting the probe into known
standards. Also check the SRF factor is within limits for the most recent
calibration. 2. Check all the sensors are in good working order and regular
maintenance has been carried out Maintenance guidance is presented in Section
5, and should be carried out at regular intervals to ensure the sensors stay
in optimal working order. You can observe how a lack of maintenance may have
affected your probe by looking at the long-term data record as it will show if
any sensors have drifted from their baseline as a result of insufficient
maintenance. 3. Check units are displayed correctly for example are you
expecting a reading in oF which is actually being reported in oC? 4. Is there
any obvious damage or water leaks? For suspected water damage, you should
immediately disconnect the Proteus from its power source until a more thorough
diagnosis can be reached. The submersible cables should be checked carefully
for cuts, kinks or compression damage. 5. If a reading is linked to an optical
sensor (Turbidity, DO, Fluorometers, Derived Parameters), trigger a wipe cycle
to clear the sensor. If the issue persists, remove the Probe and wipe clean
the optical window. NB: It is good practice to set-up the Proteus so a wipe
cycle is triggered before each reading.
If you have attempted all of the above and the issue has not been resolved,
please get in touch with support@proteus-instruments.com with details of your
particular issue. Please include your Proteus serial number, screenshot of
your calibration log and specific details of the problem.
41
8.2 Frequently Asked Questions
8.2.1 Sensors
How do I work out a maintenance schedule for my sensors? There is no
definitive rule for this, it is simply guided by judgement over the deployment
period. You should start by checking frequently to get an idea of how long it
takes for (if ) any detrimental soiling to occur and devise a plan from there.
If you are practicing unattended logging with intermittent data downloads,
maintenance should be scheduled with when the data is collected from the
Proteus.
Why should the Electrical Conductivity sensor be first tested in air? A well-
dried Conductivity sensor should produce a zero reading in air. This lets you
know that a one-point calibration is adequate.
How do I get the barometric pressure reading for the dissolved oxygen
calibration? do I need to check it to a certified barometer? Using any of the
methods outlined in Section 6.10.1.
How often should the pH electrolyte solution be changed? Electrolyte solution
generally lasts for a minimum of two months, usually longer. However, it is
dependent on the environment. If you are using unattended logging or
monitoring in very low conductivity environments, the solution should be
changed with each recalibration. Over time you can alter this by using your
data to guide you.
How often does the turbidity wiper and brush need to be changed? The wipers
are extremely hard wearing, with only the bristles and pads requiring
replacement (Section 5.2). The wiper should be replaced if it has become
visibly damaged or has become stiff; It should be inspected as part of your
maintenance regime. We advise they are replaced every 12 months.
The brush is also hard wearing but the service life is more dependent on the
environment it is deployed in. We advise changing every 6 months as standard,
however you may require more frequent changing in heavy soiling environments.
Can I customize the Proteus with different configurations of sensors? The
Proteus can house up to 12 physical sensors on one probe, and these can be
retrofitted so do not all need to be purchased at the time of the initial
order. Some sensors such as fluorometers can be swapped out like for like, for
example replacing Tryptophan with Refined Oils this will still require
recalibration and potentially changing of coefficients which we can advise you
on.
NB: Adding sensors/parameters will change the order in any logging files and
snapshot files, as well as the settings of the native RS232 and SDI12 outputs.
If you add parameters but do not re-program the communication protocols, they
will be improperly indexed and the output data will be mis-matched with the
parameters. This also affects telemetry systems
What is the operational life of ISE tips? ISE tips usually have an operational
life of six months from the point of installation; however, this be both
shorter and longer. Plan to change tips every six months and monitor your data
to ensure you do not need to change them more frequently.
42
8.2.2 Calibration
How do I know when I need to calibrate my sensors? Simply put, the more
frequently you calibrate, the more accurate your data will be. The more
meticulous you are with the calibration process, the more accurate your data
will be. Sensors differ in their capacity to drift, so regular reviewing of
your data is required in order to understand when the sensors require
calibrating.
How do I choose calibration standards? You should select standards based on
the range of values you would expect to see in the field. Some parameters have
defined standards, for example Electrical Conductivity (Section 6.2) whereas
others it can be based either of off previous observations or generic ranges.
If you are intending to move your Proteus through different environments, you
should re-calibrate between each one where necessary.
What is an SRF? The SRF is a numerical value that is provided by the
instrument to indicate how well the sensor is responding (Section 6.4).
For example, if a Conductivity sensor should report 100 A in a 1413 S/cm
standard and your particular Conductivity sensor also reports 100 A in that
same calibration solution, then your SRF is 100%. If your response is 80 A,
your SRF would be 80%. When you click the OK button to accept a calibration,
the Proteus automatically accepts your calibration if the SRF is between 60%
and 140%. If the SRF falls outside that range, you will be cautioned to check
your standard value, make sure the sensor is clean, make sure the reading has
stabilised, etc. But you can elect to accept any SRF.
Some parameters, such as pH, have a more complex SRF calculation, and wouldn’t
be based on 100 but the effect is the same.
Can I use a Calibration solution more than once? We do not advise that you re-
use solutions as this risks cross-contamination.
What is the difference between calibrating Dissolved Oxygen to % Saturation
and mg/L? Percent saturation tells you how much oxygen you have compared to
how much you would have if the water were saturated with oxygen. Milligrams
per litre tells you how many milligrams of oxygen are dissolved in one litre
of water.
For instance, if your Proteus was reading 6.0 mg/L and the saturation tables
told you that at that temperature, salinity and barometric pressure the
saturation value was 8.0 mg/L, then your % sat would be 6/8 = 75%. You can use
either measurement, or both, but % sat is helpful during DO calibration
because it should always be 100%.
What is the difference between the AMCO Clear Turbidity standard and Stablcal?
AMCO Clear is made of polymer beads while StablCal is a Formazin compound.
Most people require their turbidity measurements referenced to the Formazin
standard and so use Formazin or StablCal for calibration purposes. The polymer
beads are lower cost and more stable, but you must know the equivalent
Formazin value for any polymer bead standard. You cannot rely on what’s
written on the polymer-bead label; you must check it with your own instrument
after it has been calibrated with Formazin or StablCal.
43
8.2.3 Communication and Software
What is the range of the Bluetooth? Typically, 10m but this varies depending
upon the device. How long does the BBP take to charge? We recommend charging
the BBP overnight, but partial charges can be obtained within a 1-2 hours.
What is the top yellow line of data scroll on the Control Software? The data
displayed in the top, yellow highlighted line on the control software is your
most recent line of data collected.
8.2.4 Deployment and Actions
How long will the batteries last? This changes between IBP/EBP and the type of
battery used as well as the sensor configuration of your instrument. Some
rough guides are given in Section 7.2.1. At what Voltage will the Proteus
cease logging? There isn’t a hard threshold however when voltage drops below 5
VDC, it may no longer be sufficient to power the Proteus properly. Can I hang
the Proteus by the cable? Yes, when properly attached the cable can support
20kg without using an additional bail kit. If the load is going to exceed
20kgs, you will require a bail kit.
44
Glossary and Abbreviations
BP BBP BOD BOD5
Calibration Cup
COD Derived Parameters EBP IBP Tryptophan-like Fluorescence
Humic-like fluorescence
PCI
Proteus Manager
Barometric Pressure
Bluetooth Battery Pack
Biochemical Oxygen Demand
Biochemical Oxygen Demand measured using the 5-day incubation method where a
sample is incubated for 5 days at 20 degrees to determine oxygen consumption.
The screw on, plastic cup that comes with every new Proteus multiprobe. The
cup screws onto the end of the Proteus and has a black rubber stopper on the
opposite end which can be removed to add calibration fluids.
Chemical Oxygen Demand
Refers to any/all of the parameters which are calculated using one or more
fluorometers e.g. BOD, COD, TOC, DOC, Coliform types.
External Battery Pack
Internal Battery Pack
Often abbreviated to TLF, Tryptophan-like fluorescence is the fluorescence
primarily identified through the amino acid `Tryptophan’ and other organic
matter that excites and emits on the same wavelengths. It can be used as a
proxy for microbial activity.
Often abbreviated to HLF, Humic-like fluorescence it the fluorescence
primarily identified as a result of humic substances such as soil, peat and
coal as well as other organic matter that excites and emits on the same
wavelengths. It can be used as an indication of organic carbon loadings.
Proteus Control Interface the software used to upload coefficients for
derived parameters to the Proteus multiprobe (those models manufactured after
September 2020)
Standard computer software used to calibrate, set logging and receive data
when the Proteus is connect to a laptop/PC.
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Proteus Instruments Ltd, Canalside, Harris Business Park , Hanbury Road, Stoke Prior, Bromsgrove, B60 4DJ, United Kingdom www.proteus- instruments.com | info@proteus- instruments.com | +44 1527 433221
© 2021 Proteus Instruments Ltd. E & O E. All rights reserved. Patented
GB2553218 | Version 2.2
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References
- Computer Instruments | Home
- Proteus Instruments - real-time sensors for BOD, COD, TOC, DOC & Faecal Coliforms