FW-02 CLIO USB Interface

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Product Information

Specifications

• Product Name: CLIO Software Release 13
• Manufacturer: AUDIOMATICA
• Edition: 13.00
• Release Date: 2024/03

Product Usage Instructions

1. Installation

1.1 Minimum PC Configuration

Ensure your PC meets the minimum requirements specified in the
manual.

1.2 FW-02 Drivers Installation

Follow the instructions provided for installing the FW-02
drivers.

1.3 Software Installation

Install the CLIO software following the steps outlined in the
manual.

1.4 Running CLIO for the First Time

When running CLIO for the first time, ensure all components are
connected properly and follow the on-screen instructions.

2. Basics of CLIO

Learn about the basic functionalities of CLIO including getting
help, navigating the desktop, and using the main toolbar and
menu.

3. System Operations and Settings

Understand how to operate the system, manage settings, and work
with different file extensions and submenus.

4. Common Measurement Interface

Familiarize yourself with the display interface to interpret
measurements accurately.

5. Signal Generator

Explore how to use the signal generator, save signal files, and
control panel settings.

FAQ

Q: How do I troubleshoot if CLIO software does not start?

A: Check if all components are properly connected, restart your
PC, and reinstall the software following the installation
instructions.

Q: Can I use CLIO with a Mac computer?

A: CLIO software is designed for Windows OS, but you may explore
virtualization options to run it on a Mac.

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ELECTRICAL & ACOUSTICAL TESTS
CLIO Software Release 13
Version Quality Control User’s Manual
AUDIOMATICA

© Copyright 1991­2024 by AUDIOMATICA SRL
All Rights Reserved Edition 13.00, 2024/03
IBM is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corporation. Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation.

CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………. .9
1.1 ABOUT THIS MANUAL…………………………………………………………………9 1.1.1 WHAT THIS USER MANUAL DOES COVER………………………………….. .9
1.2 GENERAL CONDITIONS AND WARRANTY………………………………………….9
2 THE CLIO SYSTEM……………………………………………….. .13
2.1 THE FW-02 USB INTERFACE……………………………………………………… .14 2.1.1 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS………………………………………………. .14
2.2 THE MIC-01, MIC-02 AND MIC-03 MICROPHONES…………………………… .15 2.2.1 THE MIC-01 MICROPHONE………………………………………………….. .15 2.2.2 THE MIC-02 MICROPHONE………………………………………………….. .15 2.2.3 THE MIC-03 MICROPHONE………………………………………………….. .15 2.2.4 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS………………………………………………. .16 2.2.5 THE MIC-01 (OR MIC-02) FREQUENCY CALIBRATION DATA…………….16 2.2.6 THE MIC-04 MICROPHONE………………………………………………….. .16
2.3 THE PRE-01 MICROPHONE PREAMPLIFIER…………………………………….. .17 2.3.1 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION………………………………………………… .17 2.3.2 USE OF THE PREAMPLIFIER…………………………………………………..17
2.4 THE QCBOX MODEL 5 POWER AMPLIFIER, SWITCHING AND TESTING BOX 18 2.4.1 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS………………………………………………. .19
3 CLIO INSTALLATION……………………………………………. .21
3.1 MINIMUM PC CONFIGURATION………………………………………………….. .21 3.2 FW-02 DRIVERS INSTALLATION…………………………………………………. .21 3.3 FW-02 DRIVERS INSTALLATION UNDER WINDOWS XP……………………… .24 3.5 SOFTWARE INSTALLATION……………………………………………………….. .26 3.6 RUNNING CLIO FOR THE FIRST TIME…………………………………………….28
3.6.1 THE ‘CLIO BOX’ AND CLIO SERIAL NUMBER…………………………….. .28 3.6.2 THE FIRST RUN……………………………………………………………….. .29 3.6.3 INITIAL TEST MEASUREMENT………………………………………………. .29 3.7 SYSTEM CALIBRATION………………………………………………………………31 3.7.1 CALIBRATION VALIDATION…………………………………………………. .34 3.8 CLIO SERIAL NUMBER AND DEMO MODE………………………………………..36 3.9 TROUBLESHOOTING CLIO INSTALLATION………………………………………..36
4 CLIO BASICS………………………………………………………. .37
4.1 INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………….. .37 4.2 GETTING HELP………………………………………………………………………..37 4.3 CLIO DESKTOP……………………………………………………………………… .38 4.4 MAIN TOOLBAR & MAIN MENU…………………………………………………… .39
4.4.1 FILE SUBMENU………………………………………………………………… .39 4.4.2 MEASUREMENT ANALYSIS BUTTONS & SUBMENU………………………..39 4.4.3 CONTROLS SUBMENU……………………………………………………….. .41 4.4.4 CALIBRATION…………………………………………………………………….. .41 4.4.5 AUTOSCALE……………………………………………………………………. .41 4.5 HARDWARE CONTROLS TOOLBAR………………………………………………. .42 4.5.1 INPUT CONTROL………………………………………………………………..42

4.5.2 INPUT/OUTPUT LOOPBACK……………………………………………………43 4.5.3 GENERATOR CONTROL………………………………………………………. .43 4.5.4 MICROPHONE CONTROL…………………………………………………….. .44 4.5.5 HARDWARE CONTROLS SUBMENU………………………………………… .45 4.5.6 SAMPLING FREQUENCY……………………………………………………… .46 4.5.7 TEMPERATURE…………………………………………………………………..46 4.6 QCBOX & PORTS CONTROLS……………………………………………………….47 4.6.1 DEDICATED CONTROL OF THE PARALLEL PORT…………………………. .47 4.6.1 DEDICATED CONTROL OF THE QCBOX MODEL 5…………………………48 4.7 CONTROLLING TURNTABLES……………………………………………………….49 4.7.1 TURNTABLES OPTIONS DIALOG……………………………………………. .51 4.8 BASIC CONNECTIONS…………………………………………………………….. .56 4.8.1 CONNECTING THE CLIO BOX…………………………………………………56 4.8.2 CONNECTING A MICROPHONE……………………………………………… .58 4.8.3 CONNECTING THE CLIOQC AMPLIFIER & SWITCHBOX………………… .59
5 SYSTEM OPERATIONS AND SETTINGS…………………….. .61
5.1 INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………….. .61 5.2 REGISTERED FILE EXTENSIONS…………………………………………………..61 5.3 FILE SUBMENU……………………………………………………………………… .63
5.3.1 LOADING AND SAVING FILES………………………………………………. .63 5.3.2 AUTOSAVE SETTINGS………………………………………………………….65 5.3.3 EXPORTING ASCII DATA…………………………………………………….. .67 5.3.4 EXPORTING GRAPHICS………………………………………………………..68 5.3.5 NOTES ABOUT MEASUREMENT…………………………………………….. .68 5.3.6 PRINTING………………………………………………………………………. .69 5.4 CLIO OPTIONS……………………………………………………………………… .70 5.4.1 GENERAL…………………………………………………………………………70 5.4.2 UNITS CONVERSION…………………………………………………………. .71 5.4.3 GRAPHICS……………………………………………………………………… .74 5.4.4 HARDWARE………………………………………………………………………74 5.5 DESKTOP MANAGEMENT………………………………………………………….. .75 5.6 STARTUP OPTIONS AND GLOBAL SETTINGS…………………………………….76 5.6.1 SAVING MEASUREMENT SETTINGS……………………………………….. .76
6 COMMON MEASUREMENT INTERFACE……………………….77
6.1 INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………….. .77 6.2 UNDERSTANDING THE DISPLAY IN FRONT OF YOU………………………….. .77
6.2.1 STEREO MEASUREMENTS DISPLAY………………………………………….78 6.2.2 COLLAPSING MARKERS……………………………………………………… .79 6.2.3 DIRECT Y SCALES INPUT……………………………………………………. .79 6.3 BUTTONS AND CHECKBOXES………………………………………………………80 6.4 HOW TO ZOOM……………………………………………………………………….81 6.5 SHORTCUTS AND MOUSE ACTIONS…………………………………………….. .81 6.6 THE MLS TIME DOMAIN DISPLAY……………………………………………….. .82
7 SIGNAL GENERATOR……………………………………………. .83
7.1 INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………….. .83 7.2 SINUSOID……………………………………………………………………………..83 7.3 TWO SINUSOIDS…………………………………………………………………… .85 7.4 CEA BURST………………………………………………………………………….. .86 7.5 MULTITONES………………………………………………………………………… .87

7.6 WHITE NOISE…………………………………………………………………………88 7.7 MLS…………………………………………………………………………………… .89 7.8 CHIRPS………………………………………………………………………………. .90 7.9 PINK NOISE…………………………………………………………………………. .92 7.10 ALL TONES…………………………………………………………………………. .94 7.11 SIGNAL FILES……………………………………………………………………….96
7.11.1 SAVING SIGNAL FILES……………………………………………………….97 7.12 THE GENERATOR CONTROL PANEL………………………………………………98
8 MULTI-METER…………………………………………………… .101
8.1 INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………… .101 8.2 MULTI-METER CONTROL PANEL………………………………………………… .101
8.2.1 TOOLBAR BUTTONS…………………………………………………………..102 8.3 LCR METER…………………………………………………………………………..106 8.4 INTERACTION BETWEEN THE MULTI-METER AND FFT……………………… .107 8.5 MULTI-METER SHORTCUTS……………………………………………………… .107 8.6 MULTI-METER FILE TYPES…………………………………………………………107
9 FFT, RTA AND “LIVE” TRANSFER FUNCTION…………….109
9.1 INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………… .109 9.2 FFT ANALYZER CONTROL PANEL……………………………………………….. .109
9.2.1 TOOLBAR BUTTONS…………………………………………………………..110 9.3 FFT SETTINGS…………………………………………………………………….. .114
9.3.1 DEDICATED `LIVE’ SETTINGS AND TOOLBAR FUNCTIONS…………….115 9.4 FFT AND MULTI-METER………………………………………………………….. .116 9.5 FFT AND Leq ANALIZER…………………………………………………………. .116 9.6 FFT SHORTCUTS………………………………………………………………….. .118 9.7 FFT FILE TYPES……………………………………………………………………..118 9.8 FFT ASCII TEXT EXPORT………………………………………………………… .118
10 MLS & LOG CHIRP……………………………………………. .119
10.1 INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………. .119 10.2 MLS & LOG CHIRP CONTROL PANEL…………………………………………. .120
10.2.1 TOOLBAR BUTTONS……………………………………………………….. .120 10.3 MLS & LOG CHIRP SETTINGS…………………………………………………. .123 10.4 IMPULSE RESPONSE CONTROL PANEL………………………………………. .124 10.5 MLS & LOG CHIRP POST-PROCESSING TOOLS…………………………….. .125 10.6 MLS & LOG CHIRP SHORTCUTS………………………………………………. .126 10.7 MLS & LOG CHIRP FILE TYPES………………………………………………….126 10.8 MLS & LOG CHIRP ASCII TEXT EXPORT…………………………………….. .126
11 SINUSOIDAL…………………………………………………… .127
11.1 INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………. .127 11.2 SINUSOIDAL CONTROL PANEL……………………………………………….. .127
11.2.1 TOOLBAR BUTTONS……………………………………………………….. .127 11.2.2 SINUSOIDAL SETTINGS DIALOG……………………………………….. .130 11.3 SINUSOIDAL POST PROCESSING TOOLS……………………………………..133 11.4 SINUSOIDAL SHORTCUTS……………………………………………………….134 11.5 SINUSOIDAL FILE TYPES………………………………………………………. .134 11.6 SINUSOIDAL ASCII TEXT EXPORT……………………………………………..134

12 DIRECTIVITY & 3D BALLOON…………………………….. .135
12.1 INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………. .135 12.2 DIRECTIVITY & 3D BALLOON CONTROL PANEL……………………………. .137
12.2.1 COMMON TOOLBAR BUTTONS AND DROP DOWN LISTS……………..137 12.3 DIRECTIVITY MODE…………………………………………………………….. .137 12.3.1 DIRECTIVITY SPECIFIC CONTROLS……………………………………….. .137
12.3.2 DIRECTIVITY SETTINGS………………………………………………….. .138 12.3.3 DIRECTIVITY OPERATION………………………………………………… .139 12.4 3D BALLOON MODE…………………………………………………………….. .139 12.4.1 3D SPECIFIC CONTROLS………………………………………………………140 12.4.2 3D SETTINGS………………………………………………………………. .141 12.4.3 3D OPERATION…………………………………………………………….. .142 12.5 EXPORT 3D BALLOON DATA…………………………………………………… .144 12.6 SHORTCUTS……………………………………………………………………… .147 12.7 FILE TYPES……………………………………………………………………….. .147
13 THIELE & SMALL PARAMETERS…………………………….149
13.1 INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………. .149 13.2 T&S PARAMETERS CONTROL PANEL…………………………………………. .149
13.2.1 GLOSSARY OF SYMBOLS…………………………………………………. .151 13.3 T&S STEP BY STEP……………………………………………………………… .152 13.4 T&S SHORTCUTS………………………………………………………………… .155 13.5 T&S FILE TYPES…………………………………………………………………. .155 13.6 T&S ASCII TEXT EXPORT………………………………………………………. .155
14 LINEARITY & DISTORTION…………………………………157
14.1 INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………. .157 14.2 LINEARITY & DISTORTION CONTROL PANEL…………………………………157
14.3 LINEARITY & DISTORTION SETTINGS DIALOG…………………………..158 14.4 LINEARITY & DISTORTION SHORTCUTS…………………………………….. .161 14.5 LINEARITY & DISTORTION FILE TYPES……………………………………… .161 14.6 LINEARITY & DISTORTION ASCII TEXT EXPORT…………………………… .161
15 ACOUSTICAL PARAMETERS…………………………………163
15.1 INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………. .163 15.2 THE ACOUSTICAL PARAMETERS CONTROL PANEL………………………….163
15.2.1 TOOLBAR BUTTONS……………………………………………………….. .164 15.2.2 INTERACTION WITH THE A.P. CONTROL PANEL……………………….165 15.3 ACOUSTICAL PARAMETERS SETTINGS………………………………………. .166 15.4 THE CALCULATED ACOUSTICAL PARAMETERS………………………………167 15.5 NOTES ABOUT ACOUSTICAL PARAMETERS MEASUREMENT……………….169 15.6 STI CALCULATION………………………………………………………………. .169 15.7 DIRECT STIPA MEASUREMENT TOOL………………………………………… .172 15.8 A.P. SHORTCUTS………………………………………………………………… .174 15.9 A.P. FILE TYPES……………………………………………………………………174 15.10 A.P. ASCII TEXT EXPORT……………………………………………………….174
16 Leq LEVEL ANALYSIS………………………………………….175
16.1 INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………. .175 16.2 THE Leq CONTROL PANEL……………………………………………………… .175

16.2.1 TOOLBAR BUTTONS AND CONTROLS…………………………………….176 16.2.2 INTERACTION WITH THE Leq CONTROL PANEL………………………..177 16.3 Leq SETTINGS…………………………………………………………………… .178 16.4 Leq SHORTCUTS…………………………………………………………………..179 16.5 Leq FILE TYPES………………………………………………………………….. .179 16.6 Leq ASCII TEXT EXPORT…………………………………………………………179
17 WOW AND FLUTTER…………………………………………. .181
17.1 INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………. .181 17.2 WOW & FLUTTER CONTROL PANEL…………………………………………….181
17.2.1 TOOLBAR BUTTONS……………………………………………………….. .181 17.3 FEATURES………………………………………………………………………… .182 17.4 WOW & FLUTTER SHORTCUTS………………………………………………… .184 17.5 WOW & FLUTTER FILE TYPES…………………………………………………. .184 17.6 WOW & FLUTTER ASCII TEXT EXPORT………………………………………. .184
18 TIME-FREQUENCY ANALYSIS………………………………185
18.1 INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………. .185 18.2.1 TOOLBAR BUTTONS AND DROP DOWN LISTS………………………… .185 18.3 CSD AND ETF MODE…………………………………………………………..187
18.5 TIME-FREQUENCY ANALYSIS OPERATION…………………………………….190 18.5.1 CSD AND ETF OPERATION……………………………………………….. .190 18.5.2 WAVELET OPERATION…………………………………………………….. .191 18.5.3 CYCLE-FREQUENCY WAVELET ANALYSIS………………………………..192
18.6 TIME FREQUENCY SHORTCUTS…………………………………………………194 18.7 TIME FREQUENCY FILE TYPES………………………………………………… .194
19 QUALITY CONTROL…………………………………………….195
19.1 INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………. .195 19.2 THE QC CONTROL PANEL………………………………………………………..196
19.2.1 TOOLBAR BUTTONS……………………………………………………….. .196 19.2.2 QC PANIC KEYWORD……………………………………………………… .200 19.2.3 KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS………………………………………………….. .200 19.3 QC REGISTERED FILE EXTENSIONS…………………………………………. .201 19.4 QC SESSION WINDOWS LAYOUT…………………………………………….. .202 19.5 THE QC GRAPH REPORT WINDOW…………………………………………… .204 19.6 DEDICATED QC FEATURES AND CONTROLS………………………………….205 19.6.1 QCBOX & PORTS CONTROLS………………………………………………205 19.6.2 CONTROLLING WAVE AUDIO DEVICES………………………………… .206 19.6.3 CLIO OPTIONS > QC……………………………………………………… .209 19.6.4 CLIO OPTIONS > OPERATORS & PASSWORDS……………………….. .211 19.6.5 DIGITALLY SIGNED QC FILES……………………………………………..213 19.7 QC SCRIPT SYNTAX REFERENCE……………………………………………… .214 19.7.1 KEYWORDS FOR GENERAL SETTINGS…………………………………. .214 19.7.2 KEYWORDS FOR MEASUREMENTS SETTINGS………………………… .219 19.7.3 KEYWORDS FOR AUXILIARY TESTS AND MATH OPERATION…………223 19.7.4 KEYWORDS USED IN LIMITS FILES………………………………………224 19.7.5 KEYWORDS FOR CONDITIONAL EXECUTION…………………………. .230 19.7.6 KEYWORDS FOR GRAPH REPORT WINDOW MANAGEMENT………….235 19.7.7 KEYWORDS FOR HARDWARE CONTROL……………………………….. .237 19.7.8 KEYWORDS FOR CONTROLLING WAVE AUDIO DEVICES…………….239 19.7.9 KEYWORDS FOR BLUETOOTH SUPPORT…………………………………240

19.7.10 KEYWORDS FOR QC TCP/IP SERVICES………………………………. .241
ON-LINE RESOURCES……………………………………………. .243
VIDEO TUTORIALS……………………………………………………………………….243
BIBLIOGRAPHY……………………………………………………. .245
NORMS…………………………………………………………………247

1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 ABOUT THIS MANUAL
This User’s Manual explains the CLIO system hardware and CLIO 13 software.
All software versions are covered, please note that CLIO 13 software is designed to operate in conjunction with the supplied PC hardware. If the hardware is absent or the serial numbers do not correspond then CLIO 13 will operate in demo mode only.
1.1.1 WHAT THIS USER MANUAL DOES COVER
The CLIO System is a complete electro-acoustic analyzer. There are thousands of books on many of the topics that CLIO handles as a measurement system. The simple definition of Frequency Response could be extended to a book itself. This User Manual is intended only as a guide to allow the user to quickly become efficient in using the CLIO system, its user interface, its hardware features and limits.
There is an important reference [1], ‘Testing Loudspeakers’ by Joseph D’Appolito, which, in our opinion, is the perfect complement of what is covered here. Anyone who feels that WHY and HOW is strongly related should seriously consider buying this wonderful book.
1.2 GENERAL CONDITIONS AND WARRANTY
THANKS
Thank you for purchasing your CLIO system. We hope that your experiences using CLIO will be both productive and satisfying.
CUSTOMER SUPPORT
Audiomatica is committed to supporting the use of the CLIO system, and to that end, offers direct support to end users. Our users all around the world can contact us directly regarding technical problems, bug reports, or suggestions for future software enhancements. You can call, fax or write to us at:
AUDIOMATICA SRL VIA MANFREDI 12 50136 FLORENCE, ITALY PHONE: +39-055-6599036 FAX: +39-055-6503772
AUDIOMATICA ON-LINE
For any inquiry and to know the latest news about CLIO and other Audiomatica’s products we are on the Internet to help you:
AUDIOMATICA website: www.audiomatica.com E-MAIL: [email protected]

1 INTRODUCTION

9

AUDIOMATICA’S WARRANTY
Audiomatica warrants the CLIO system against physical defects for a period of one year following the original retail purchase of this product. In the first instance, please contact your local dealer in case of service needs. You can also contact us directly as outlined above, or refer to other qualified personnel.
WARNINGS AND LIMITATIONS OF LIABILITY
Audiomatica will not assume liability for damage or injury due to user servicing or misuse of our product. Audiomatica will not extend warranty coverage for damage of the CLIO system caused by misuse or physical damage. Audiomatica will not assume liability for the recovery of lost programs or data. The user must assume responsibility for the quality, performance and the fitness of Audiomatica software and hardware for use in professional production activities.
The CLIO SYSTEM, CLIOfw, CLIOQC and AUDIOMATICA are registered trademarks of Audiomatica SRL.

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1 INTRODUCTIONCLIO 13 QC – USER’S MANUAL

REGISTRATION CARD
AUDIOMATICA REGISTRATION CARD (EMAIL OR FAX TO US)
CLIO SERIAL NUMBER: __ SOFTWARE VERSION: PURCHASE DATE: ____ NAME: ____ JOB TITLE: ____ COMPANY: ____ ADDRESS: ____ ZIP OR POST CODE: ____ PHONE NUMBER: FAX NUMBER: _____ E-MAIL:

1 INTRODUCTION

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2 THE CLIO SYSTEM
Depending on the hardware options that have been purchased, the CLIO system consists of the following components: ­ The FW-02 USB interface ­ The MIC-01 or MIC-02 or MIC-03 or MIC-04 microphones ­ The PRE-01 microphone preamplifier ­ The QCBox Model 5 power amplifier, switching and testing box In the next few pages we will describe each component and give its respective technical specifications. NOTE: Audiomatica reserves the right to modify the following specifications without notice.

2 THE CLIO SYSTEM

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2.1 THE FW-02 USB INTERFACE

The FW-02 USB Interface sets new hardware precision standards for the CLIO System. The FW-02 unit has been designed to be a complete two channels professional A/D D/A audio front-end for your PC; it is connected to the computer using a USB 2.0 port giving you maximum performances. The FW-02 performances (24 bit @ 192 kHz) represent state-of-the-art measurement capabilities for any audio device or acoustical test. The FW-02 is equipped with an instrument grade balanced input and output analog circuitry with an exceptionally wide range of output attenuation and input gain that allows an easy interface to the outer world; the input and output loopback capability with the internal ultra stable voltage reference permit a simple and precise calibration of the whole instrument. A switchable phantom power supply lets you directly connect an Audiomatica MIC-01, MIC-02, MIC-03 or MIC-04 as well as any other standard balanced microphone to any of the FW-02 input.
2.1.1 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
GENERATOR Two channels 24 Bit sigma-delta D/A Converter Frequency range: 1Hz- 90kHz Frequency accuracy: >0.01% Frequency resolution: 0.01Hz Output impedance: 660Ohm Max output level (Sine):17dBu (5.5Vrms) Attenuation: 0.1 dB steps to full mute THD+Noise(Sine):0.008% Digital out: SPDIF ANALYZER Two channels 24 bit sigma-delta A/D Converter Input range: +40 ÷ -40dBV Max input acceptance: +40dBV (283Vpp) Input impedance: 128kOhm (5.6kOhm mic) Phantom power supply: 24V PC SYSTEM RESOURCES One free USB 2.0 port MISCELLANEOUS Sampling frequencies: 192kHz, 96kHz and 48kHz. Connections: analog 2 XLR combo in, 2 XLR plus 2 RCA out, 1 RCA digital out Digital connection: USB type B Power supply: External 12V DC (AC adapter supplied) Dimensions :16(w)x17(d)x4(h) Weight: 0.8 kg

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2 THE CLIO SYSTEMCLIO 13 QC – USER’S MANUAL

2.2 THE MIC-01, MIC-02 AND MIC-03 MICROPHONES

2.2.1 THE MIC-01 MICROPHONE
The MIC-01 microphone is an electret measuring microphone that is particularly well suited to being used in conjunction with the other components of the CLIO system. It is furnished with a 2.7m cable, a stand adapter, a 1/2″ calibrator adapter and a calibration chart reporting the individually measured sensitivity, all fitted in an elegant plastic case. Its long and thin shape renders it ideal for anechoic measurements. Because its frequency response is very flat over the entire audio band, no particular correction is usually needed.
2.2.2 THE MIC-02 MICROPHONE
The MIC-02 microphone is functionally identical to MIC-01. It differs only in the fact that its length is 12 cm instead 25 cm. The MIC-02 is more practical to handle and to work with, and is ideal for measurements in a reverberant environment.
2.2.3 THE MIC-03 MICROPHONE
The MIC-03 microphone is functionally identical to MIC-01. It differs only in the fact that its length is 7 cm instead 25 cm. The MIC-03 is more convenient where space saving is a must.

2 THE CLIO SYSTEM

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2.2.4 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

MIC-01 Type: Accuracy:
Maximum level: Dimensions: Accessories: MIC-02: MIC-03: Polar Response:

Condenser electret ±1 dB, 20 Hz to 10 kHz ±2 dB, 10 kHz to 20 kHz (direct field) 130 dB SPL 8 mm diameter, 25 cm long case, 2.7 m cable, stand adapter, 1/2″ calibrator adapter Same as MIC-01, but 12 cm long. Same as MIC-01, but 7 cm long.

MIC-01-MIC-02-MIC-03
2.2.5 THE MIC-01 (OR MIC-02) FREQUENCY CALIBRATION DATA

The microphones MIC-01 and MIC-02 can be furnished, at a separate cost, with a frequency calibration certificate. This document, along with numerical data on disk, is released by Audiomatica and specifies the frequency behavior of the single microphone under test. The data can be used with the CLIO software (5.4.2).
2.2.6 THE MIC-04 MICROPHONE
It is possible to get the same characteristics of our range of microphones in a particular housing, rugged and space savings, for production line QC application.

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2 THE CLIO SYSTEMCLIO 13 QC – USER’S MANUAL

2.3 THE PRE-01 MICROPHONE PREAMPLIFIER

The microphone preamplifier PRE-01 has been designed to match Audiomatica’s microphones MIC-01, MIC-02, MIC-03 or MIC-04. It is particularly useful when the microphone has to be operated far from the analyzer or when weighted measurements are needed. PRE-01 powers the microphone connected to its input with an 8.2V phantom supply and adds a selectable weighting filter (A or B or C); also available there is a 20 dB gain stage. The unit is operated with one standard 9V battery or with an external DC power supply.

2.3.1 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION

Frequency response: Weighting filter: Phantom power supply: Gain: Input impedance: Output impedance: Maximum output voltage (@1kHz): THD (@1kHz): Input noise (@20dB gain): Drive capability: Batteries duration: Size: Weight:

7Hz÷110kHz (-3dB) A, B, C (IEC 651 – TYPE I) 8.2V (5600 Ohm) 0 & 20dB (INTERNAL SETTINGS) 5600 Ohm 100 Ohm 25 Vpp 0.01% 7uV LIN, 5.3uV A ±7mA >24h (alkaline cell) 12.5(w)x19(d)x5(h)cm 900g

2.3.2 USE OF THE PREAMPLIFIER

The MIC-01 or MIC-02 or MIC-03 or MIC-04 microphone cable should be connected to the preamplifier input while the preamplifier output requires connection to the analyzer input. The unit is switched on with the POWER switch, while the TEST push-button controls the state of the unit. Correct operation of the unit is indicated by the led light being illuminated, if the LED fails to illuminate then either the batteries are low or the external power supply is not connected. The FILTER switch inserts the weighting filter. To choose the desired weighting filter type and to set the amplifier gain you have to modify the unit settings with the dip switch operated from the back panel.

NOTE: if the 20 dB gain stage is inserted the overall sensitivity (microphone

• pre) is 10 times higher. For example if your microphone has a sensitivity of 17.1 mV/Pa and you amplify it by 20 dB then you get a sensitivity of 171 mV/Pa.

2 THE CLIO SYSTEM

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2.4 THE QCBOX MODEL 5 POWER AMPLIFIER, SWITCHING AND TESTING BOX
The QCBOX Model 5 power amplifier, switching and testing box is of invaluable help when configuring an automatic or manual quality control setup, or even in everyday laboratory use. It can be configured, under software control via USB, to assist frequency response and impedance measurements or to perform DC measurements. Between its features is the possibility of internal switching that permits the measurement of the impedance and frequency response of the loudspeaker connected to its output sockets without changing the wiring to the speaker; it is also possible to route one of four inputs for the response measurements; these input have powering for a microphone (0÷24V variable). An internal ADC measures the DC current into the voice coil; an over current limiter is available to a predefined threshold. Thanks to an internal software controlled voltage generator the speaker can be driven with a superimposed DC voltage (±20V max), allowing for measurements of large signal T&S parameters. Two ADC converters with a ±2.5V and ±5V are available at inputs 3 and 4 to measure the displacement with a laser sensor or any other DC signal. A dedicated output, ISENSE, allows impedance measurements in constant voltage mode as well as voice coil current distortion analysis. A 5 bit in – 6 bit out digital port is available to interface the QCBOX with external hardware or line automation. An ulterior dedicated input permits an external foot pedal switch to be connected and trigger QC operations.

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2 THE CLIO SYSTEMCLIO 13 QC – USER’S MANUAL

MECHANICAL ASSEMBLIES 19″ RACK MOUNT ASSEMBLY Using the Rack QC panel it is possible to assemble the QCBOX Model 5 together the FW-02 Audio Interface so that they can be mounted in a standard 19″ rack frame.
FW PANEL MOUNT ASSEMBLY Using the FW panel it is possible to assemble the QCBOX Model 5 together the FW02 Audio Interface in a convenient way for laboratory use.

2.4.1 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Inputs:
Outputs: Functions: DC measuring:
Power output stage: THD (@1 kHz): Dimensions: Weight: AC:

Four line/microphone inputs with selectable phantom power supply (0÷24V variable) One TTL input for external trigger 5 digital lines Isense 6 digital lines USB controlled internal switches for impedance and DC measurements Isense current ±2.25 A DC IN 3 ±2.5 V DC IN 4 ±5 V 50W (8Ohm) with current sensing and overcurrent protection Possibility of superimposing a DC voltage (±20 V) 0.004 % 23(w)x23(d)x4(h)cm 1.4kg 90÷240V

2 THE CLIO SYSTEM

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3 CLIO INSTALLATION
3.1 MINIMUM PC CONFIGURATION
The CLIO FW-02 USB interface running the CLIO 13 software can be installed in any personal computer with the following minimum system requirements: ­ Processor: single-core @ 2GHz clock or dual-core (suggested) ­ One free USB 2.0 port ­ 1024×786 video adapter ­ Microsoft Windows XP, Vista, 7, 8, 10 or 11
BE SURE TO HAVE ADMINISTRATIVE RIGHTS WHEN INSTALLING!
3.2 FW-02 DRIVERS INSTALLATION
To install the FW-02 drivers in your computer you should follow the instructions presented below:

1. Connect the FW-02 to a free USB 2.0 port on your PC and power it with its 12V supply. You should hear the classical sound of plug and play devices. NOTE: ClioXP is the nickname of the FW-02 device seen by Windows.

2. After the initial automatic driver detection only one device should be found amd properly installed by Windows, the USB Composite Device; two more devices, named ClioXP will need to be installed manually. Open Device Manager (type devmgmt.msc from Run prompt or click Control Panel>System>Device Manager); you should find this situation:

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3. Insert the CLIO 13 installation CD-ROM in the PC.

4. Right-Click on each ClioXP device under Other Devices and choose Update Driver Software. At the successive prompt:

5. Browse your computer and point to the folder inside the installation CD where the proper drivers are located (for example Driver10).

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Ignore any Microsoft’s warning message about Digital Signature or Publisher and reach the end of the wizard.

6. Inspecting again the Device manager confirms you the proper ClioXP Control and ClioXP Stream entries under USB controllers category:

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Your driver installation was successful! 3.3 FW-02 DRIVERS INSTALLATION UNDER WINDOWS XP 1) Connect the FW-02 to a free USB 2.0 port on your PC and power it with its 12V
supply. You should hear the classical sound of plug and play devices. NOTE: ClioXP is the nickname of the FW-02 device seen by Windows. 2) The Found New Hardware Wizard detects the CLIO XP device:
As the CLIOXP drivers are unknown to Windows you will be prompted with this search window:

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3 CLIO INSTALLATIONCLIO 13 QC – USER’S MANUAL

3. Insert the CLIO 13 installation CD-ROM in the PC. Search in the proper CD folder (for example DriversXP)

4. Do not stop to Microsoft Warning about Windows Logo testing.

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6. Open Device Manager (type devmgmt.msc from Run prompt or click Control Panel>System>Device Manager); you should find this situation:

Your driver installation was successful!

3.5 SOFTWARE INSTALLATION

This paragraph deals with software installation.

Be sure to have administrative rights when installing CLIO.

The CLIO software is provided either on its own CD-ROM, SD card or, in electronic

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format, as a single, self-extracting, executable file.
To install the CLIO 13 software in your computer you should follow the instructions presented below:

1. Insert the CLIO 13 CD ROM in the computer.

2. Choose CLIO 13 installer to start installation.

The procedure is completely automatic and will only request you to accept the Software End User’s License Agreement and input some information in order to correctly install CLIO 13; the software installer will also check your operating system version.
After successfully completing this procedure take note of the installation directory of CLIO (usually C:Program FilesAudiomaticaCLIO13 or C:Program Files (x86) AudiomaticaCLIO13 ).

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3.6 RUNNING CLIO FOR THE FIRST TIME If you have completed the preceding installation procedure, you are ready to run CLIO! 3.6.1 THE ‘CLIO BOX’ AND CLIO SERIAL NUMBER A few words about the FW-02 USB interface.
This unit is needed to correctly interface analog signals to your PC; it is also important as it has an internal reference used to calibrate the system and also stores the system’s serial number inside its internal EEPROM; Figure below shows where is located your CLIO system serial number.

The CLIO serial number is very important and should be mentioned each time you get in contact with Audiomatica, either for technical support or for software upgrade. Also the CLIO system accessories have their serial numbers; keep track of those but mention to technical support ONLY UPON REQUEST.
When using your CLIO system you will normally use the FW-02 front connectors. As you’ll become extremely familiar with this hardware unit we are going to give it a nickname: from now on we will call it ‘the CLIO Box’. Also the CLIO software refers to it with this nickname.

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3.6.2 THE FIRST RUN The following steps will guide you through a complete verification of the system performance and operation. From the Start Menu choose Programs, then CLIO 13 and click on the CLIO icon.
The program should start smoothly and present the main desktop.

If the system is not calibrated, as the first time you run it, you will receive the following message.

Should CLIO display an error message take note of it and go to the troubleshooting section.
3.6.3 INITIAL TEST MEASUREMENT
Let’s now execute our first test measurement – play and capture a 1kHz sinusoid. First of all click on the In-Out Loop button for channel A; in this way the CLIO Box connects output A with input A with an internal relay. This connection is very important as it lets you capture and analyze a signal generated by CLIO without the need for an external connecting cable. Then click on the generator icon to play the 1kHz sinusoid (1031.25Hz to be exact; more on this later, it’s the default signal). Then press the F4 keystroke to invoke the Multi-Meter as in Figure.

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If everything is OK you should obtain a reading of circa 1V, variable between a minimum of 0.95V and a maximum of 1.05V, which is the mean output level of a sinusoidal signal when the system is not calibrated.
Now press the FFT button (or CTRL-F), then press the Oscilloscope button and finally the GoButton.

The result you should obtain is an FFT analysis of the 1kHz sinusoid (one spectral line @ 1kHz at 0dBV) and its time representation given by its oscillogram.
Both Multimeter and FFT results must present stable and repeatable; the oscillogram should display a sinusoid without spikes or drops of any kind.
IMPORTANT NOTE: Only if these two initial tests gave correct results, as described, go to the following paragraph and execute the system calibration; if you are not able to obtain these results and they seem in any way corrupted do not execute calibration and contact technical support.

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3.7 SYSTEM CALIBRATION This section describes how to perform the system calibration. Be sure that, any time you perform a calibration, the system has warmed up for, at least 15-20 minutes. Select Calibration from the Main menu ;
Leave the CLIO Box front plugs unconnected.
Answer OK to the initial prompt; this will run an automatic procedure that will last several minutes. The calibration procedure is completely automatic and several progress indicators will accompany all the executed measurements. At the end of it your CLIO system should be calibrated and ready to carry out measurements.
Software won’t allow calibration if internal temperature lies outside a predetermined range (between 30 to 45 degrees). So it is normal to receive a message like:
It is also normal to receive the following message:

This is normally due to the calibration parameters that do not match the internally stored parameters that have been measured at Audiomatica laboratory and that ensure the highest precision of the instrument. In such a case either wait to repeat calibration if instrument is too cold for it to warm, or wait for the device to cool if too hot.

At the end of the calibration process it is always mandatory to verify the calibration itself; this is done by two simple measurements as described in the following

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paragraph 3.7.1 CALIBRATION VALIDATION. Only if this message appears consider to take proper action:
Calibration is a computer system resources demanding task. If you fail to perform calibration please follow procedures given in 3.9 TROUBLESHOOTING CLIO INSTALLATION to get in contact with Audiomatica technical support. CLIO has been designed to give the user a high degree of precision, while maintaining ease of use thus ensuring confidence in the measurements taken. Calibration check plays a key role in all this. Note that, as calibration needs to be performed under controlled conditions, calibration should be attempted the least times possible; calibration, on the other side, should be verified as needed or requested all the times the user desires, following instructions given in the next 3.7.1 paragraph; verification, not calibration, of your hardware gives maximum confidence when taking measurements. IMPORTANT COMPUTER SETTINGS FOR FLAWLESS OPERATION Your computer would be best operated at High Performance level:

To set the High Performance power plan or scheme the easiest way is to open a Command Prompt with administrative privileges and execute the following command:
powercfg /SetActive 8c5e7fda-e8bf-4a96-9a85-a6e23a8c635c

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To verify if High Performance plan is active execute: powercfg /list
When using a notebook never run on batteries, always hook it to AC mains, as power saving schemes greatly reduce performances. As ultimate resource these are Recommended Advanced Power Settings, i.e. set 100% the Minimum processor state:

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3.7.1 CALIBRATION VALIDATION
To verify the calibration, first check that the generator output level is set to 1V (refer to chapter 4 for details).

Press the channel A In-Out Loop button .

Then click on the MLS&LogChirp button to invoke the MLS&LogChirp control

panel. Press the Go

button to execute a LogChirp frequency response

measurement; after about 1 second you should obtain the desired result, a

straight line (black) as in Figure. You can click on the graph and inspect the

amplitude of the measured signal: you should obtain a reading around 0dBV, this is

the correct output level of the LogChirp signal with the generator output set to 1V.

Now click on the Sinusoidal button to invoke the Sinusoidal control panel as in

Figure. Press the Go

button to execute a Sinusoidal frequency response

measurement; after about 3 seconds you should obtain the desired result, again a

straight line (black) as in Figure. You can click on the graph and inspect the

amplitude of the measured signal: you should obtain a reading around 0dBV.

To ensure a 100% correct calibration you also need to inspect the phase responses of both measurements. To do this press the phase button and verify that you obtain a straight line (red curves) the readings in this case should be around zero degrees in both cases.
As a final test click on the In-Out Loop button for channel A; then click on the In-Out Loop button for channel B; then be sure that both input sensitivity are at 0dBV; click on the generator icon to play the 1kHz sinusoid; at last press the F4 keystroke to invoke again the Multi-Meter; the expected result is shown now.

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3.8 CLIO SERIAL NUMBER AND DEMO MODE
Each CLIO system has its own serial number which plays an important role since the CLIO software is hardware protected and relies on a correct serialization in order to run.
Refer to 3.6 to identify your system’s serial number.
If the CLIO software doesn’t find a CLIO Box with a correct serial number it gives a warning message and enters what is called DEMO mode; in this way it is possible to run CLIO in a PC where the CLIO hardware is not installed while still allowing you to perform post-processing and other off line jobs.
3.9 TROUBLESHOOTING CLIO INSTALLATION
To receive assistance please contact Audiomatica at [email protected] or connect to our website www.audiomatica.com.
NEVER FORGET TO SIGNAL PROPER SERIAL NUMBER OF YOUR CLIO!
When getting in contact with us please always send, as attachment to your email, the System Info file of your CLIO system.

To create this file choose MainMenu>Help>SystemInfo. If your system has not completed calibration create the system info file right after the calibration has failed.

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4 CLIO BASICS
4.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter gives you the basic information about CLIO and the related hardware and how to connect and operate it, while the following chapters explain in more detail the individual measurements available to users of CLIO. Chapter 5 deals with other general functionality of CLIO.
Here you will find information about: – Help – Main desktop, toolbars and menu – Shortcuts – Generator, Input and Output, Microphone – Amplifier & SwitchBox, Turntables – Connections
4.2 GETTING HELP

To request the CLIO on-line help press F1. The CLIO manual will be open by the default pdf reader.

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The CLIO help can be invoked also from outside CLIO; to do this go to the Start Menu, then Programs, then CLIO13 and then click on ‘CLIO Help’.
Another way to obtain help is through the Help Submenu which gives you the possibility to view the on-line resources available in the Audiomatica and CLIO websites.
Finally there are the dedicated buttons on the main toolbar.
Invokes the Help control panel.
Invokes the Internet On-Line Help.
4.3 CLIO DESKTOP
The CLIO desktop presents itself as in figure and gives you access to the (upper) main toolbar and the (lower) hardware controls toolbar.

Inside the main toolbar and the hardware controls toolbar you can locate several distinct functional areas as shown in the above figure. Now follows a description of the Main Menu and all the controls inside the two toolbar.

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4.4 MAIN TOOLBAR & MAIN MENU
The Main Menu is accessible clicking on the dedicated button on the main toolbar or with the ALT-M shortcut.

From top to bottom it gives you access to the File Submenu, Analysis Submenu, Controls Submenu, Window Submenu and Help Submenu.
Then it displays a list of Recently Opened Files, there is the Calibration choice and, finally Exit from the program.
4.4.1 FILE SUBMENU
Please refer to Chapter 5 for information about the File Submenu and its shortcuts.
4.4.2 MEASUREMENT ANALYSIS BUTTONS & SUBMENU
By clicking on these toolbar buttons it is possible to interact and display each measurement control panel. Once the toolbar button is clicked the appropriate panel will be opened or reactivated. Any currently active panel will automatically be deactivated on activation of the new one.

Enters the MLS&LogChirp Analysis control panel.

Enters the Directivity&3D Balloon control panel.

Enters the Time Frequency Analysis control panel.

Enters the Acoustical Parameters control panel.

Enters the FFT&RTA Analysis control panel.

Enters the Sinusoidal Analysis control panel.

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Enters the Multimeter control panel. Enters the Thiele&Small Parameters control panel. Enters the Wow&Flutter control panel. Enters the Leq control panel. Enters the Linearity&Distortion control panel. Enters the Loudness Rating calculator. Enters the Quality Control Processor. The same functionality will be obtained with the relative shortcuts or by making a selection inside the Analysis Submenu.

CTRL+M Enters the MLS&LogChirp Analysis control panel.

CTRL+W Enters the Directivity&3D Balloons control panel.

SHIFT+CTRL+W Enters the Time Frequency Analysis control panel.

CTRL+A Enters the Acoustical Parameters control panel.

CTRL+F Enters the FFT&RTA Analysis control panel.

CTRL+S

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Enters the Sinusoidal Analysis control panel.
F4 Enters the Multimeter control panel.
CTRL+T Enters the Thiele&Small Parameters control panel.
CTRL+Alt+W Enters the Wow&Flutter control panel.
CTRL+L Enters the Leq control panel.
CTRL+D Enters the Linearity&Distortion control panel.
CTRL+R Enters the Loudness Rating calculator.
CTRL+Q Enters the Quality Control Processor.
4.4.3 CONTROLS SUBMENU
Refer below to Hardware Controls.
4.4.4 CALIBRATION
This option will perform a calibration of your CLIO hardware. Please refer to chapter 3 and follow the procedure described.
In order to determine, at any given time, if it is necessary to calibrate CLIO do the following: – Let the system warm up – Proceed to perform the verification described – Consequently decide whether or not to calibrate
The result of the measurement may vary in some way from the time we calibrated because of many small changes in measurement conditions, including changes in the atmospheric conditions, the season, and the mains voltage.
Note: the CLIO hardware is highly precise and stable and, under normal operating conditions, does not require frequent calibrations. Always perform a calibration if: – CLIO asks for it showing the “System Not Calibrated” message – You reinstalled CLIO in a different computer – You installed a software upgrade
4.4.5 AUTOSCALE
Enables autoscale. When autoscale is active the software, during measurements, determines the optimum Y-scale settings.

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4.5 HARDWARE CONTROLS TOOLBAR Hardware controls are accessible either from the Hardware Controls Toolbar or Submenu. The Toolbar is described in detail starting from left to right controls; the Submenu is described when the keyboard shortcuts are needed. 4.5.1 INPUT CONTROL
channel A input peak meter Constantly monitors channel A input signal level vs.full digital input scale.
Controls channel A input polarity. channel A input sensitivity display & control buttons

Displays the actual input A sensitivity (in dBV) of the instrument, i.e. the voltage level beyond which the hardware saturates. It is possible to modify it in 10dBV steps choosing it or pressing the (F9) and/or (F10) buttons.

channel B input peak meter Constantly monitors channel B input signal level vs.full digital input scale.
Controls channel B input polarity.
channel B input sensitivity display & control buttons Displays the actual input B sensitivity (in dBV) of the instrument, i.e. the voltage level beyond which the hardware saturates. It is possible to modify it in 10dBV steps choosing it or pressing the (F9) and/or (F10) buttons.
Links input channels sensitivity controls. If this button is pressed the two channel sensitivities are set equal and channel A controls act also on channel B.
Selects the Autorange mode. When in autorange mode the input sensitivity is automatically adjusted by the instrument to achieve the optimum signal to noise ratio.

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4.5.2 INPUT/OUTPUT LOOPBACK
The CLIO Box features an internal loopback which is very useful for performing self tests.

Connects channel A output to channel A input with an internal relay.

Connects channel B output to channel B input with an internal relay.

4.5.3 GENERATOR CONTROL

CLIO’s generator can be controlled from the dedicated toolbar buttons and dialogs; for a reference about the possible kind of signal you may generate please see chapter 7.

output level display & control buttons Displays the actual output level (usually in Volts) of the internal generator. This level is valid for both output channels. It is possible to modify it in 1dB steps

pressing the (F7) and

or (F8) buttons. If the Shift key is pressed

simultaneously then the steps are of 0.1dB increments.

It is also possible to input a numeric value directly with the following dialog

which pops up when you click on the output level display.

In this case (manual input) the output level will be approximated with a 0.01dB precision. If you right-click on the output level display you invoke the out units pop up from which it is possible to select the output level unit among dBu, dBV, V and mV.

Checking the Unbalanced option the output level display is referred to the unbalanced outputs of the Clio Box. When this mode is selected the generator output level display is shown in white with black background.

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Checking the QCBox option the output level display is referred to the unbalanced outputs of the QCBox. When this mode is selected the generator output level display is shown in black with red background.
When one of the output is muted (see below the associated shortcuts CTRL+F7 and SHIFT-CTRL+F7) this is reflected by a red color inside the Out box aside the level display. If both output are muted the Out box background is totally red.
Switches on and off the generator. Use the ESC key to immediately kill the generator . If you wish to receive a confirmation message before playing the generator then check the appropriate box in the CLIO Options>General tab (chapter 5).

ALT-G It is possible to switch on the generator with this particular hot key; see 5.4.1 GENERAL settings.
generator drop down menu Clicking on the small arrow beside the generator button will invoke the generator drop down menu, from there it is possible to choose the output signal type to be generated. The default signal at startup is a 1031.25Hz sinusoid. Refer to Chapter 7 Signal Generator for a detailed description of all the features of the generator.
4.5.4 MICROPHONE CONTROL

Switches Channel A 24V phantom power on and off. This supply is capable of operating any balanced microphone and also to operate Audiomatica’s microphones MIC-01, MIC-02, MIC-03 or MIC-04.

Switches Channel B 24V phantom power on and off. This supply is capable of operating any balanced microphone and also to operate Audiomatica’s microphones MIC-01, MIC-02, MIC-03 or MIC-04.

To enter the microphone sensitivity please refer to CLIO Options>Units

Conversion (chapter 5).

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4.5.5 HARDWARE CONTROLS SUBMENU
Within this submenu we learn all the keyboard shortcuts associated with the controls described up to now.

ESC Immediately kills the generator. Equivalent to releasing
F7 Decreases the output level of 1dB. Equivalent to
SHIFT+F7 Decreases the output level of 0.1dB. Equivalent to SHIFT+
F8 Increases the output level of 1dB. Equivalent to
SHIFT+F8 Increases the output level of 0.1dB. Equivalent to SHIFT+
CTRL+F8 Opens the Generator Input Level dialog.
CTRL+F7 Mutes/Unmutes channel A.

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SHIFT+CTRL+F7 Mutes/Unmutes channel B.
F10 Increases channel A input acceptance of 10dBV. If the Link Button then decreases also channel B input acceptance of 10dB.
SHIFT+F10 Increases channel B input acceptance of 10dBV. If the Link Button then increases also channel B input acceptance of 10dB.

is pressed is pressed

F9 Decreases channel A input acceptance of 10dBV. If the Link Button then decreases also channel B input acceptance of 10dBV.

is pressed

SHIFT+F9
Decreases channel B input acceptance of 10dBV. If the Link Button then increases also channel B input acceptance of 10dBV.

is pressed

CTRL+P Swithces channel A microphone power supply on and off. Equivalent to

CTRL+ALT+P Swithces channel B microphone power supply on and off. Equivalent to

SHIFT+F4 Enters the QCBox and LPT control panel. Equivalent to

CTRL+F4 Enters the Turntables Controls panel. Equivalent to

F6 Enables/disables autoscale. Equivalent to 4.5.6 SAMPLING FREQUENCY

Indicates the current sampling frequency of the instrument. To change it simply click on it and refer to CLIO Options>Hardware (chapter 5).
4.5.7 TEMPERATURE

Indicates the current internal temperature of the instrument.

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4.6 QCBOX & PORTS CONTROLS Enters the QCBox & Ports Controls dialog box.

This control panel helps you when you are operating the CLIOQC Amplifier & SwitchBox. You may choose the Amplifier & SwitchBox model and set its functions. These controls are self-explanatory and are also covered in the unit’s user’s manual; along this manual we will refer to it as the Amplifier & SwitchBox or simply QCBox.
Depending on software version there are other tabs that allow direct controls over different external hardware like parallel port bits.
4.6.1 DEDICATED CONTROL OF THE PARALLEL PORT
TTL bits from a standard LPT port can be used to control an external device like a turntable.
You can set the proper PC parallel port (LPT):

Note: Parallel Port (LPT) legacy drivers are available only for 32-bit Windows; they are not furnished with the CLIO software but are freely available for download from Audiomatica.

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4.6.1 DEDICATED CONTROL OF THE QCBOX MODEL 5
With this dialog box it is possible to access to the QCBox 5 enhanced features.
It is possible to: -Set the output current protection threshold in the range 0÷10A -Add a DC voltage (±20 V) on the amplifier output -Set the input power supply (to operate a microphone) in the range 0÷24V -Measure the output current -Measure the load connected to output -Measure DC voltage at IN 3 and IN 4 (and refer it to displacement when a laser is connected). -Set output bits of the Digital IO port -Read input bits of the Digital IO port -Read Pedal input bit

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4.7 CONTROLLING TURNTABLES
This control panel allows the control of one or two turntables. The control of two turntables is available only with the QC software version. Using two turntables it is possible to measure the loudspeaker response in three dimensions, i.e. the software can send commands to the turntables to aim the loudspeaker under test in a given direction.

Reset turntable position to angle 0 by clockwise rotation (degrees up) Reset turntable position to angle 0 by counterclockwise rotation (degrees down) Set turntable reference angle (0 degrees) Goto angle by clockwise rotation (degrees up) Goto angle by counterclockwise rotation (degrees down) Step angle by clockwise rotation (degrees up), note that the step size is a turntable setting that cannot be accessed from CLIO Step angle by counterclockwise rotation (degrees down) Stop the turntable rotation

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connect turntables and link the turntable
49

positions to the measurements
Display turntable current angle (top) and next angle (bottom), while the turntable is rotating the bottom background is highlighted in red.
Open the Autosave Settings dialog Reset turntable angles according to Autosave Settings Open the Turntables Option dialog Start an MLS Autosave measurement set Halt an MLS Autosave measurement set Resume an MLS Autosave measurement set

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4.7.1 TURNTABLES OPTIONS DIALOG With this dialog it is possible to choose which model of turntable to use for each rotating axis (polar and azimuth). The software can take full control of the Outline ET250-3D, the LinearX LT360, the FangBo FT360 turntables, the Four Audio ELF robot or Audiomatica Open Source Turntable (CLIO Open). It supports also (limited to the polar rotation) a TTL pulse control (using the Digital IO of the QCBox Model 5 or, if present, the Parallel Port of the PC) which can be used to trigger the Outline ET/ST turntable or any other device. Using the combo box it is possible to choose which turntable model to use and its settings.
Outline ET250-3D The Outline ET250-3D uses an Ethernet connection, please refer to the manufacturer documentation to setup the device. In the option dialog it is necessary to input the turntable IP and TCP/IP port.
Note: In order to work properly the basert.dll file must be present into the CLIO installation directory. LinearX LT360 The LinearX LT360 turntable uses an USB or COM connection, please refer to the manufacturer documentation to setup the device. In the option dialog it is needed to input the communication port to be used.

Some turntables settings, such as the rotation speed and the velocity profile must be managed using the software supplied with the turntable. For correct operations with CLIO software the “Display Readout Polarity” setting of the LT360 turntable must be set on “Unipolar”.

Note: In order to work properly the lt360lib.dll file must be present into the CLIO installation directory.

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FangBo FT360 The FangBo FT360 turntable uses a COM connection, please refer to the manufacturer documentation to setup the device. In the option dialog it is needed to input the communication port to be used.
Four Audio ELF The Four Audio robot uses a COM connection, please refer to the manufacturer documentation to setup the device. In the option dialog it is needed to input the communication port to be used. To work properly both turntable settings must be manually set to the same COM port that controls the robot.
The delay parameter (in milliseconds) puts the software in a wait state after the completion of the turntable rotation, this can be useful in a non anechoic space to let the energy in the room to decay between measurements.

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CLIO Open The Audiomatica Open Source Turntable uses a COM connection, please refer to our website and follow instructions on setup of the device. In the option dialog it is needed to input the communication port to be used.

The delay parameter (in milliseconds) puts the software in a wait state after the completion of the turntable rotation, this can be useful in a non anechoic space to let the energy in the room to decay between measurements.
TTL pulse control (Outline ET/ST Turntable) Selecting TTL pulse it is possible to control a turntable using a TTL signal. This is valid only for the polar angle and with this selection it is not possible to use two computer controlled turntables. In this case the second turntable can be only selected as “Manual”.

The TTL pulse control uses the digital IO output port of the QCBox model 5 or, if available, a Parallel Port (LPT) of the PC.
Note: Parallel Port (LPT) drivers are available only for 32-bit Windows. In case of 64-bit Windows use a QCBox Model 5.
The information given next apply to the control of the Outline ET/ST Turntable; they can be adapted to any other device.

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Using a QCBox Model5: the control is achieved with Bit 5 of the QC Box digital I/O port, the turntable should be connected to the QCBox 5 output port by means of a cable (DB25 female to DB9 female) connecting the following pins:

QCBox5 connector (DB25 male) Pin 6 <———————–> Pin 14 <———————–> All other pins unconnected

ET/ST connector (DB9 male) Pin 2 Pin 4

Using a Parallel Port (LPT): the control is achieved with Bit 7 of the output bits, as shown in figure. The turntable should be connected to the parallel port of the computer by means of a cable (DB25 female to DB9 female) connecting the following pins:

PC connector (DB25 male) Pin 9 <———————–> Pin 22 <———————–> All other pins unconnected

ET/ST connector (DB9 male) Pin 2 Pin 4

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The cable should be connected as in the following figure.
Fig.4.9 Outline ET/ST Turntable connections
Inside the Turntable Option panel it is possible to set its Step value (in degrees) and Speed (in rotations per minute); the combination of these settings give the software an indication about how much time to wait after the controlling pulse is output. Manual For the azimuth angle only is it possible to choose the “Manual” turntable. This means that the azimuth rotation of the loudspeaker under test must be managed manually. Instead of automatically control the turntable, the software display a pop-up message to the operator and wait for the completion of the manual rotation. Please refer to chapter 12 for further information on polar measurement sets.

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4.8 BASIC CONNECTIONS

4.8.1 CONNECTING THE CLIO BOX

In order to correctly interface CLIO with the outside world you should always keep in mind the following electrical specifications:

MAXIMUM INPUT VOLTAGE: +40 dBV (283 V peak-to-peak)

MAXIMUM OUTPUT VOLTAGE: +18dBu (6.156Vrms) (sine)

INPUT IMPEDANCE:

128 kOhm

OUTPUT IMPEDANCE:

660 Ohm

The CLIO system is stereo and can simultaneously process two balanced analog I/O channels which are named channel A and B.

INPUT CHANNELS

The CLIO Box input uses two XLR Combo female connectors. These particular connectors accept also a 6.3mm standard jack.

Using a standard 6.3mm MONO jack is the easiest way to input unbalanced signals to CLIO.

Two 6.3mm mono jacks are supplied in each CLIO system package.

OUTPUT CHANNELS

The CLIO Box output uses two XLR male connectors. In parallel you also find two RCA plugs that are used to take the output signal unbalanced.

Please note that there it will always be a 6 dB difference between the CLIO balanced and unbalanced outputs.

By default the Output Level display is referred to the balanced output, in this case the unbalanced output level is 6 dB lower. In order to display the unbalanced output level is necessary to select the proper option in the Output Level display; in this case the balanced output is 6dB higher than the unbalanced one.

The output of channel B is usually driven in parallel with channel A output.

As generator controls suggest all internally generated signal are ‘mono’, so they are

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played. The easiest way to have different output per channel is to play a stereo .wav file with desired content in each channel.
INPUT-OUTPUT SCHEMATIC AND LOOPBACK
The following schematic illustrates the input-output structure of one channel:

To be noted the internal analog loopback that can be activated with the relative buttons described earlier.
REAR PANEL CONNECTIONS
On the rear panel you also find an RCA connector for digital SPDIF output.
SPDIF output of CLIO fw-02 is derived directly from the digital signal generated by the software before reaching the device’s DAC. To effectively manage the large dynamic range provided by CLIO without losing resolution after the conversion by the DAC, digitally controlled analog output gain stages are used. While the SPDIF output is a digital replica of the analog output, its output level does not directly follow the generator output level.
No controls are available on this data stream, check the output level of your DAC connected to the SPDIF output before connecting a device under test.

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4.8.2 CONNECTING A MICROPHONE
For acoustical measurements, the microphone (optionally followed by a preamplifier or power supply) requires to be connected to CLIO’s input channel.
When using a MIC-01, MIC-02, MIC-03 or MIC-04 microphone it is possible to connect it directly to CLIO’s input; remember, in this case, to switch the phantom voltage on by pressing the phantom button . It is good practice to wait a few seconds before taking measurements as the microphone’s output stabilizes.
If the measuring point is far from the PC, always lengthen the connection between the preamplifier and CLIO. Make sure that you never use microphone cable that is longer than the one that has been supplied.
In figure we see the typical test setup for performing acoustical measurements of a loudspeaker. Please note that in this schematic diagram the output of the power amplifier is connected to the loudspeaker with an inversion in the cables polarity; this compensates the fact that microphones are usually phase inverting ; when making polarity measurements always treat the measuring chain in this respect considering that the CLIO hardware itself is NON-INVERTING and that all calibrations are usually made under this assumption: any external device like amplifiers, microphones, accelerometers, preamplifiers etc. has to be carefully checked.
It is possible to achieve the same result, via software, simply clicking on the input polarity button in the hardware controls toolbar.

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4.8.3 CONNECTING THE CLIOQC AMPLIFIER & SWITCHBOX The CLIOQC Amplifier & SwitchBox is the natural companion of the FW-01 Audio Interface to carry out your measurements. There are two distinct mechanical assemblies that enhance the final result as: -They create the best possible ground connection between cases. -The assembly forms a single instrument and is more convenient to use For fixed installations in standard 19″ rack housings; perfect for Quality Control production lines.
Compact, space saving solution; perfect for laboratory use.

The figures below show the connections of a CLIOQC Amplifier & SwitchBox to CLIO. Refer also to the unit’s user’s manual for details.

The unit has its internal switcher set for response measurements.

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These are the connection for impedance measurement in ISense Mode.

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5 SYSTEM OPERATIONS AND SETTINGS
5.1 INTRODUCTION This chapter completes the introduction to CLIO started in Chapter 4. Here you will find information about: – Files extensions – File operations and shortcuts – Exporting data – Exporting graphics – Printing – Software option – Desktop control – Calibration of CLIO – Startup options – Measurements settings 5.2 REGISTERED FILE EXTENSIONS During its installation CLIO registers several file extensions which will let you easily find a file done during your work. Browsing your hard disk you will then encounter the icons that we are going to describe.
MLS&LogChirp data files.
MLS&LogChirp process files.
2D Directivity & 3D Balloons data files.
Time Frequency data files.
Acoustical Parameters data files.
FFT and RTA data files.
Sinusoidal data files.
Sinusoidal process files.
Multi-meter data files.
T&S parameters data files.
Wow&Flutter data files.

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Leq data files.
Linearity&Distortion data files.
Multitone definitions files.
Autosave definitions files.
Desktop snapshot files.
CLIO setup files.
OLD CLIO Signal files; not used but supported.
OLD MLS&LogChirp impedance data files; not used but supported.
OLD Sinusoidal impedance data files; not used but supported.
OLD Waterfall,Directivity & 3D data files; not used but supported.
OLD Wavelet data files; not used but supported.
When you find a CLIO data file it is possible to invoke the program simply clicking on the file itself; if CLIO is open it will load the file in the appropriate menu and display it, if it is closed it will be launched then the file opened. If you click on a Desktop snapshot file you will recall a saved work session comprising open menu and data (see below).

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5.3 FILE SUBMENU The figure shows the File Submenu and the shortcuts active.

F3 Saves a measurement file relative to the active control panel.
F2 Loads a measurement file relative to the active control panel.
ALT+F2 Enters the Autosave Settings dialog box.
SHIFT+F2 Enters the ASCII exports dialog.
CTRL+F2 Enters the Graphics exports dialog.
ALT+P Prints the active measurement.
5.3.1 LOADING AND SAVING FILES

Loads a CLIO measurement file or compatible file.

It is important to note that, usually, it is possible to load more than one data file.

You can select the desired file type from the ‘Files of type’ drop down inside the Open dialog box.

When choosing ‘All CLIO measurements files’ then the Open dialog will display all

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available files otherwise they can be filtered by type like MLS Files (.mls, .mlsi).

A measurement file can be opened also simply dragging it onto CLIO Desktop using the mouse.
Recalls the Save As Dialog to save current measurement data in a binary measurement file relative to the active control panel. It is important to note that the following menu save more than one data file type: -MLS saves frequency response files (.mls) or impulse response as wave files (.wav) -FFT and Leq save measured binary files (.fft or .leq) and captured data wave files (*.wav)

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5.3.2 AUTOSAVE SETTINGS
Invokes the Autosave Settings dialog. It is possible to define the autosaving rules that will be followed by the measurements capable of this feature (MLS and Sinusoidal). There are three different Autosave modes: TimeStamp, 1-D and 3-D. 3-D mode is available only in QC version.
TimeStamp:

Path defines the folder where the file will be saved; it is possible to choose it clicking on the browse for folder button . In figure we see path defined as C: UsersaudiomaticoDocuments
Root File Name defines the part of the file name that will not change during Autosave; in figure it is ‘Test’.
It is possible to save in the standard binary file format (Bin) and/or to export in text format (Txt). The MLS Export Size button:

selects the number of export data points for MLS ASCII files. The above settings are shared with the other Autosave modes.

In this mode the file name is automatically created using the current date/time following the format: ‘ YYYYMMDDHHMMSSm’.

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1-D mode: Start defines the initial number appended to the root. This number will always be multiplied by 100 to give space for two decimals management. Numbers are appended with spaces. In figure start is -180; this will define the first autosaved file name as ‘C:UsersaudiomaticoDocumentsTest -18000’
Increment defines the increment to be given to the autosaved file names. In the example of figure the second autosaved file will be named ‘C:Users audiomaticoDocumentsTest -17500’and so on
Total Number defines the number of autosaved files after which the process is automatically ended

3D mode (ONLY in QC version): Polar Start defines the polar angle start Polar Step defines the polar angle step Polar Stop defines the polar angle stop Azimuth Start defines the azimuth angle start Azimuth Step defines the azimuth angle step Azimuth Stop defines the azimuth angle stop Please refer to chapter 12 for the definition of polar and azimuth angles.

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Smart Scan is an option which reduces the scan time and possible cable jams during 3D measurement sessions. If selected forces a scanning path which alternates clockwise and counter-clockwise polar turntable rotation.

It is possible to save Definition file (*.asd).

and load

5.3.3 EXPORTING ASCII DATA

the above definitions in an Autosave

CLIO is able to export the currently active measurement in an ASCII file (*.txt).

Upon performing this choice you will be prompted by the Export dialog.

To File Depending on the measurement menu you are working with, it will be possible to choose different data to export to a file on disk.

To Clipboard ASCII data will be copied to Windows Clipboard.

Also XLS In parallel to the ASCII file it is created also an Excel spreadsheet with the same

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filename and .xls extension. TAB Delimited
Uses TAB instead of spaces as delimiter. 5.3.4 EXPORTING GRAPHICS
CLIO is able to create enhanced metafiles (.emf), bitmaps (.bmp), portable network graphics (.png), JPEG (.jpg) or GIF (*.gif) of the currently active measurement. The graph is drawn using the same colors and settings of printouts; you can define them with the CLIO Options>Graphics dialog.
Black&White Check the box to discard color information.
Optimal Settings CLIO chooses graphics settings for you overriding system defined ones.
To Clipboard Graph will be copied to Windows Clipboard.
5.3.5 NOTES ABOUT MEASUREMENT Enters the Notes dialog where it is possible to input comments to be saved with the actual measurement and inspect other measurement information. Check boxes enable printing notes and exporting notes to graphics files.

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5.3.6 PRINTING
Prints the current active measurement. The definition of printing colors and font settings is done with the CLIO Options>Graphics dialog.

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5.4 CLIO OPTIONS
Opens the CLIO Options dialog box
5.4.1 GENERAL
Opening this tab you can define the following: – The Company Name which will appear in all printouts. – Some On Exit settings regarding when the program has to prompt and if you want to autosave and reload the measurement session. – The Signal Generator and Multimeter settings. – The location of the Hardware Controls Toolbar. – The behavior of the graph on file load. – The style and behavior of the graphic curve display.

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5.4.2 UNITS CONVERSION
Opening this tab you can define the following: – Enter the microphone sensitivity and the microphone response correction. – Enter all other transducers sensitivity and reference levels.

MICROPHONE SENSITIVITY
When taking acoustical measurements, the readings and the scales will be in Pascals (Pa, dBSPL, dBPa or dBPa/V). In this case, the software will assume that you are measuring a pressure quantity and it therefore needs to know a conversion factor that defines the voltage produced by the microphone when it is measuring a certain pressure. This conversion factor is usually the sensitivity of the microphone (as found in the microphone’s calibration chart) or the sensitivity of the microphone + preamplifier chain of equipment.
If you are working with the CLIO system standard accessories there are two possible cases:
a) you may use a microphone MIC-01, MIC-02, MIC-03 or MIC-04 directly connected to FW-01; as the FW-01 powers the microphone with 24V while sensitivity is factory checked at 8.2V it is necessary to input the given sensitivity of the microphone (in mV/Pa) increased of 3.3dB i.e. multiplited by 1.465.
b) you are using the PRE-01 preamplifier, it is necessary to know its internal gain; if it is 0dB then input the microphone sensitivity, if it is +20dB then input the microphone sensitivity multiplied by 10.
NOTE: It is necessary to input two separate sensitivities, one for channel A and one for channel B.

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Please also refer to chapter 8 for a description of the controls useful to capture the sensitivity of the microphonic chain when using an acoustic calibrator capable of producing a known pressure.
CORRECTING THE MICROPHONE RESPONSE
By checking the Frequency Correction check boxes the software will correct the measured curve according to the data stored in two text files, which you have to provide.
Note: microphone correction will affect the measured curve only if dBSPL (or dBPa or dBPa/V) is selected as Y Scale unit.
The microphone correction files, if present, must be placed inside the installation folder (usually c:program filesaudiomaticaclio13).
These text files containing the correction data must have .CAL extension; the default names are “MICA.CAL” (for input channel A) and “MICB.CAL” (for input channel B) but you may use any.
To instruct CLIO which file to use you may load from disk clicking on the file name:

You have to load separately one correcting file per each channel you want to correct.

GUIDELINES TO REALIZE .CAL FILES

Note: The maximum number of correcting points allowed is 100.

The example below shows a sample text file created to store the microphone frequency response:

Freq 1000 4000 8000 10000 15000 20000

dB 0 0.25 0.33 0.5 1.75 2.5

Phase 0 0 0 0 0 0

USING CALIBRATION FILES FURNISHED BY AUDIOMATICA

If your microphone came with frequency calibration data supplied by Audiomatica (see chapter 2) you can find the correction file inside the furnished disk.

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The file is stored with the name serialnumber.cal; for example in the disk given with the microphone with serial 5213431204 you will find the “5213431204.CAL” file.
To use it (for channel A) you must: 1) Copy it inside the CLIO installation folder 2) Load it as described above 3) Check the Frequency Correction box
Looking at the calibration chart you will also find sensitivity data:

In the picture below it is displayed the final situation provided you have also set the proper mic sensitivity (in this example 14.69*1.465=21.52 mV/Pa).

DISPLACEMENT, VELOCITY, ACCELERATION, CURRENT, POWER
Set the sensitivity for each of these units where used in the program.
dBREL REFERENCE
Sets the voltage reference for the unit dBRel.
dBPa/V REFERENCE
When measuring with dBPa/V it is possible to use as reference level: – the dBRel reference voltage – CLIO output level (balanced) – CLIO output level (unbalanced) – QCBox Output – Output of any amplifier of a given gain in dB connected to the balanced output

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5.4.3 GRAPHICS
Opening this tab you can define the following: – Screen Colors – Print (and graphics export) colors – Screen line width – Print (and graphics export) line width and font size.

Apart from the Default color scheme, which is not changeable, it is possible to load and customize up to 6 different color schemes: Classic (for old CLIO users), User1, User2, User3, User4 and Printing. The Printing color scheme, as the name implies, will affect your printouts (and exported graphic files) and, if selected, will let you preview how they appear on your screen.
Default button When defining a color scheme you may press the Default button which will load the Default scheme for your reference. If you are modifying the printing color scheme it will load the default printing colors.
5.4.4 HARDWARE
Within this tab you can select the sampling frequency of the FW-01 unit. It is possible to choose either 48kHz, 96kHz or 192kHz.

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5.5 DESKTOP MANAGEMENT
Desktop management is a powerful feature that lets you save your work at a certain point and reload exactly as it was.
It is possible to do this automatically when exiting CLIO; at successive startup the program will automatically reload from where you left; to do this activate the Save measurement session from CLIO Options>General.
Load a previously saved measurement session (.sna files).
Takes a snapshot of current measurement session and saves it to disk (.sna files).
If pressed clears current measurement desktop i.e. closes and resets all measurement menu. It is also possible to clear one single measurement selectively opening and choosing from the associated drop down menu.

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5.6 STARTUP OPTIONS AND GLOBAL SETTINGS
You can start CLIO directly clicking on the CLIO.exe executable that is saved in the installation directory (usually C:Program FilesAudiomaticaCLIO13 or C: Program Files (x86)AudiomaticaCLIO13); you may also access CLIO either from Start Menu>Programs>CLIO13 or creating a shortcut on your Desktop.
A second way to run CLIO is to click on a registered file; in this way you will not only run the program but also load the file into the appropriate measurement menu.
CLIO creates a temporary folder named Temp for several uses. This folder is located under the Common Application Data folder that has the following path (Windows XP): C:DocumentsAndSettingsAllUsersApplicationDataAudiomaticaCLIO13 or (Windows Vista, 7, 8 and 10): C:ProgramDataAudiomaticaCLIO13
CLIO relies, during startup, on a configuration file named CLIOXP.stp which resides in the temporary folder. This file is written each time the program ends and saves several settings that will be reloaded and reconfigure your system.
Among them we find (see chapters 4 and 5): – program Options – generator output level – input sensitivity – phantom power supply state – autorange state – microphone settings – CLIOQC Amplifier & SwitchBox – color scheme and other setup settings – main window state – global reference level – autoscale state
Note: It is possible to return the system to its initial default state (after installation) by deleting the CLIOXP.stp file.
5.6.1 SAVING MEASUREMENT SETTINGS
Measurements settings can be saved from within the various measurement menu; to do this simply check the Save Settings box in the Settings dialog of each menu; refer to specific menu chapters for details on settings.

Settings are saved in the mls.stp (MLS&LogChirp), sin.stp (Sinusoidal), fft.stp (FFT), d3d.stp (Directivity), tfa.stp (Time Frequency), acp.stp (Acoustical Parameters) , lin.stp (Linearity&Distortion) , leq.stp (Leq) files inside the temporary folder. Upon finding one of these files at startup, CLIO will reset the corresponding menu to the saved settings.

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6 COMMON MEASUREMENT INTERFACE
6.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter deals with the graphical user interface which is used to display and manage the measured curves within all CLIO frequency measurement menus. In particular this Common Measurement Interface (CMI) is used by the FFT, MLS and Sinusoidal menu. The understanding of CMI behavior and capabilities is very important to use CLIO at its best.
6.2 UNDERSTANDING THE DISPLAY IN FRONT OF YOU
Fig.6.1 explains the main objects found in a frequency response measurement display.

Figure 6.1
Inside the graph you find the main curve A which reflects an executed (or loaded from disk) measurement; up to nine overlays curves which are stored by the user and can be controlled interactively, the two markers which are activated by clicking on the respective buttons.

Above the graph itself we find several buttons and checkboxes which divide into three main categories: Y scales controls, main curve, zoom and overlays management.

Each overlay can be displayed, hidden or selected with the relative checkbox.

Marker A reads curve A; marker B has a twofold operation: it reads the selected overlay, if present, otherwise reads again curve A.

Aside and below the graph we find the Y Scales, the Frequency (or Time) Scale and Marker Indicators. The Y scale is of the same color of the main curve selected.

The objects described may, from case to case, not all be present at the same time,

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as in the case of Time Data display in the FFT menu. The frequency (or time) scale may be logarithmic or linear. A particular representation is the MLS time domain which will be discussed later in 6.6. It is possible to have two graphs in the same control panel (see FFT). In this case one is referred as active after you have clicked on it.
To change the colors of the screen, main curve and overlays refer to section 5.4.
6.2.1 STEREO MEASUREMENTS DISPLAY
Fig.6.2 shows the differences that are present when a stereo measurement is taken or loaded from disk.

Figure 6.2
Now you find two main curves A and B with two appropriate checkboxes to control them; you may display, hide or select each of the main curves. By selecting a main curve the relative Y scale is activated and scale controls operate on it. If no overlay is present and selected marker B reads the main curve B, otherwise it reads the selected overlay.

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6.2.2 COLLAPSING MARKERS If you hold the SHIFT key pressed while moving the markers with the mouse you will obtain that the two markers collapse into a single one reading the same frequency point.
6.2.3 DIRECT Y SCALES INPUT

It is possible to direct input of the Y scales values; to activate the input boxes simply click on the scale extremes.

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6.3 BUTTONS AND CHECKBOXES Moves (shifts) the selected curve upward. Moves (shifts) the selected curve downward. Expands (magnifies) the selected curve; it also changes the Y scale respectively. Compresses (reduces) the selected curve; it also changes the Y scale respectively. Zooms the curve in; it is possible to execute multiple zoom in actions. Zooms out the curve completely i.e. returns to the default initial zoom state.
Switches the main curve A on and off. In case of stereo measurements displays, hides or selects the main curve A.
If present, for stereo measurements, displays, hides or selects the main curve B Stores the main curve selected into overlay 1. It also displays overlay 1. Stores the main curve selected into overlay 2. It also displays overlay 2. Stores the main curve selected into overlay 3. It also displays overlay 3. Stores the main curve selected into overlay 4. It also displays overlay 4. Stores the main curve selected into overlay 5. It also displays overlay 5. Stores the main curve selected into overlay 6. It also displays overlay 6. Stores the main curve selected into overlay 7. It also displays overlay 7. Stores the main curve selected into overlay 8. It also displays overlay 8. Stores the main curve selected into overlay 9. It also displays overlay 9.
Displays, hides or selects the respective overlay. It also shows its color. Enables marker A. Enables marker B.

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6.4 HOW TO ZOOM

1. Click on the Zoom+ button.
2. Position the mouse and PRESS the left mouse button at the beginning of your selection and keep the mouse button pressed. Don’t just click otherwise you get a warning message!
3. With the mouse button pressed move the mouse until the second selection point.
4. Only now release the left mouse button.
   Be careful: you must have the button pressed from point 2) to point 4)!
   It is possible to zoom by direct input of the frequency extremes of the scale; to activate the input boxes simply click on the scale extremes.

6.5 SHORTCUTS AND MOUSE ACTIONS

The following keystrokes and mouse actions are active:

up arrow equivalent to

on the active graph

Shift+up arrow equivalent to

on the active graph

down arrow equivalent to

on the active graph

Shift+down arrow equivalent to on the active graph

mouse click activates the graph; useful when more than one graph is present (see FFT)

mouse left down activates the marker

mouse left drag moves the marker

mouse wheel up equivalent to

mouse wheel down equivalent to

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6.6 THE MLS TIME DOMAIN DISPLAY When entering the MLS&LOG CHIRP (but also Waterfall or Acoustical Parameters) time domain you will find a different display (Fig. 6.2).
Figure 6.2
In this case there is only one overlay. It is also possible to select a portion of the main curve by means of three particular buttons. The selected portion of the main curve is identified by a start and stop point and is drawn in a different color from the unselected portion.
Defines the start point of the selection. Before clicking with the button activate Marker A and position cursor to the desired point. Defines the stop point of the selection. Before clicking with the button activate Marker A and position cursor to the desired point. Returns the curve to a completely unselected state.

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7 SIGNAL GENERATOR
7.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter deals with the programmable signal generator of CLIO. Each paragraph explains a type of signal, its settings and gives a time frequency analysis obtained with the FFT narrowband analyzer (see chapter 9).
Refer also to chapter 4 for all hardware and software controls associated with the signal generator.
Clicking on the generator button drop down you access the signal generator menu.

7.2 SINUSOID
It is possible to generate sinusoids of given frequency. Select the Sin choice in the generator menu.

The sinusoid can be continuous; leave the two inputs Time On and Time Off at zero.

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Or it can be bursted; input the desired values in the Time On and Time Off inputs.
Select FFT Bin Round if you desire that the frequency is approximated to the nearest FFT bin (with respect to the actual FFT size setting).
The time envelope of the burst can also be shaped with an Hanning tapering window (see also later CEA Burst).
The following figure shows a 1031.25Hz continuous sinusoid.

The following figure shows a 100Hz bursted sinusoid.

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7.3 TWO SINUSOIDS It is possible to generate two sinusoids of given frequencies and amplitudes. Select the TwoSin choice in the generator menu.
The following figure shows a signal consisting of a 1031.25Hz and 2062.5Hz of same amplitude (50% each).

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7.4 CEA BURST It is possible to generate a particular burst signal useful for conducting the power test described in CEA-2010/CTA-2034 norms.
It is possible to define the number of cycles of the sinusoids and the repetition time of the burst. Note that Cycles resolution is up to half sinusoid (6.5 in the example).

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7.5 MULTITONES
It is possible to generate multitones (mutiple sinusoids signals). Select the Multitone choice in the generator menu.

The following figure shows a multitone signal consisting of 31 sinusoids each with frequency corresponding to the center frequencies of the standard 1/3rd of octave bands from 20Hz to 20kHz and same amplitude.

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7.6 WHITE NOISE
It is possible to generate a white noise. Select the White choice in the generator menu.
The following figure shows the white noise signal.

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7.7 MLS
It is possible to generate MLS (maximum length sequences) of given length. Select the MLS choice in the generator menu.
These signals are the same used in the MLS analysis menu and should be used to test them.
The following figure shows a MLS signal of 32k length.

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7.8 CHIRPS It is possible to generate Chirps (sinusoids with frequency continuously variable with time between two extremes) in two different ways. You may generate full spectrum Logarithmic Chirps of given length selecting the LogChirp choice in the generator menu. These signals are the same used in the LogChirp analysis menu and should be used to test them. You may instead define Chirps of given length, frequency extremes and kind (linear or logarithmic) selecting the Chirp choice in the generator menu.
The following figure shows a 20Hz to 20 kHz Log Chirp.

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The following figure shows a 20Hz to 20 kHz Lin Chirp.

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7.9 PINK NOISE
It is possible to generate Pink noises of given length. Select the Pink choice in the generator menu.
The following figure shows a Pink Noise signal of 32k length measured with the FFT narrowband analyzer.

Pink noise signals are used normally to execute Octave bands analysis with the RTA menu due to the flat reponse they produce when analyzed with fraction of octave filters.

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The following figure shows the same Pink Noise signal of above measured with the RTA analyzer.

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7.10 ALL TONES
It is possible to generate All Tones signals of given length; an All tones contains a sum of sinusoids of frequencies corresponding to each frequency bin with respect to their length and sampling frequency. Select the All choice in the generator menu.
The following figure shows an All Tones signal of 32k length measured with the FFT narrowband analyzer.

All Tones signals are used with the FFT narrowband analyzer due to the flat reponse they produce.

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For comparison with Pink noises the following figure shows the same All Tones signal of above measured with the RTA analyzer.

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7.11 SIGNAL FILES As a last possibility it is possible to play signal files saved on disk. Standard .wav’ Windows Wave files are supported (.sig’ CLIO Signal files are supported for compatibility with older versions of the software). Choose File within the generator menu. The default extension lets you select a CLIO signal file.
The following figure shows the IMPULSE(POSITIVE).WAV signal file.

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The generator menu also keeps track of the recently generated signal files giving you instant access to them.
7.11.1 SAVING SIGNAL FILES
The generator menu allows you also to save the current signal present in memory to file. To do this choose Save Current Signal; the format supported is .wav.
Note: during MLS&LogChirp and Sinusoidal menu operation this function saves current MLS, Chirp or Sin sweep.
It is possible to generate .wav files also from the FFT, MLS&LogChirp and Leq measurement menu using the SaveAs function; FFT saves last captured time data, MLS&LogChirp saves impulse response, Leq saves all captured data.

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7.12 THE GENERATOR CONTROL PANEL
All the above capabilities of generating and playing signals can be controlled with an handy stay-on-the-top panel, the Generator Control Panel.

It is possible to switch between signal on the fly by simply clicking on the dedicated buttons.

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There are also two buttons to hi-pass and low-pass the generated signal with selectable edge frequency; here you see an all tones signal high pass filtered @200Hz.
The filtering applies also to MLS and Sinusoidal menu

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There is a third interactive feature of the Generator Control Panel not available elsewhere. The Sweep tab opens a three bands continuous sweeper that can be operated with the associated slider.
The normal Coarse control (over the entire frequency band) can be changed
(pressing Ctrl) to a Fine tuning of ±1% centered around actual frequency.

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8 MULTI-METER
8.1 INTRODUCTION
The Multi-meter is an interactive, real-time, measuring instrument.
It gives CLIO the functionality of a: – Sound level meter (dBSPL, dBA, dBC) – Millivoltmeter (V, dBV, dBu, dBr) – Laser displacement meter (m, dBmeter) – Laser velocity meter (m/s, dBm/s) – Acceleration meter (m/s², g, dBm/s²) – Frequency counter (Hz) – Distortion meter (THD, THD+N, IMD) (%, dB) – Power meter (W) – Current meter (A, dBRe1A) – L-C-R bridge (H, uF, Ohm)
Recallable simply pressing F4, the Multi-meter has the capability of capturing the global reference level and the microphone sensitivity;it is rare that you enter CLIO and don’t use the Multi-meter, the information and controls available here are of invaluable importance during the normal operation of the whole instrument.
8.2 MULTI-METER CONTROL PANEL

Figure 8.1 Multi-meter control panel 8 MULTI-METER

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8.2.1 TOOLBAR BUTTONS Starts the measurement.
Log option
When checked data acquisition is logged as an ASCII table. Permits execution with the control panel in a minimized state. Only a small stayon-the-top display remains visible showing the main parameter measured.
Stops the measurement. If data logging is active user is prompted to save log data. If pressed displays all measured parameters. Beyond the main parameter the multimeter monitors some other quantities as displayed in Fig.8.1. These are : – THD – Frequency – IMD – IMD2 – IMD3 – Crest Factor (ratio between peak and average value) – AB interchannel phase (when in stereo operation)

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parameter

Selects the main parameter to be measured. unit
Selects the measurement unit. Depends on the selected main parameter. detector
Selects the detector kind among RMS, AVG, Peak, PeakToPeak. Not applicable to the LCR meter.

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Captures, when pressed, the actual reading of the Multi-meter as the global reference level, or microphone sensitivity if Pressure reading is active. See also CLIO>Options>Units Conversion. Clicking on its side drop-down menu you inspect its important settings:
or, if Pressure is selected

channel

Control the scale of the meter bar graph.

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Selects the input channel. Not applicable to the LCR meter. integration
Selects between Fast (125ms) and Slow (1s) integration. Not applicable to the LCR meter. filter
Enables Lo-pass and/or Hi-pass brickwall frequency filters on acquired data. Clicking on the drop-down menu it is possible to choose the filter type and appropriate cutoff frequencies by means of dedicated menu option.

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8.3 LCR METER
When either Resistance, Capacitance or Inductance is selected as main parameter to be measured, the Multi-meter enters what is called LCR Meter state. The LCR Meter is a particular operating mode of the Multi-meter that gives you the possibility of measuring inductors, capacitors and resistors. This measurement is an impedance measurement and is carried out in Internal Mode (see chapter 12 for details). The LCR Meter takes control of the generator and, when the measurement is started, outputs a series of sinusoids of variable frequency in order to find the best frequency to carry out the measurement. The output frequency can be displayed (with the magnifier button) together with the measured parameter. The LCR Meter operates only on channel A, @48kHz sampling.

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8.4 INTERACTION BETWEEN THE MULTI-METER AND FFT
The Multi-meter uses the same capture and processing units as the FFT control panel. To perform a measurement it programs the FFT routines (changing FFT settings to match its needs) and then effectively starts an FFT measurement in background.
The two panels can be opened and can work together but FFT always acts as the master while Multi-meter as the slave. In this situation the Multi-meter window’s title is changed to ‘Multi-Meter (FFT slave)’ to reflect this new state; the Go and Stop buttons are disabled as you operate the slave panel from inside FFT, starting and stopping the reading with the FFT’s Go and Stop buttons; the input channel follows the FFT one while the integration setting become meaningless; this is because the user has control over FFT averages which precisely define the measurement integration. Nevertheless, during slave operation, it is possible to select the displayed parameter and its unit.
During slave operation it is not possible to select LCR operation as the LCR meter uses different measurement capabilities.
As soon as the FFT control panel is closed it releases Multi-meter from the slave state; then the Multi-meter is then ready to operate in a stand-alone capacity and is fully functional as described above.
8.5 MULTI-METER SHORTCUTS
G Starts a multimeter measurement.
T Stops current measurement.
8.6 MULTI-METER FILE TYPES
The registered file extension for Multi-meter measurement data files is ‘.met’.
Met data file.

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9 FFT, RTA AND “LIVE” TRANSFER FUNCTION
9.1 INTRODUCTION
By selecting the FFT command from the main menu bar, it is possible to carry out Fourier analysis of the input signal to determine its frequency content using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT).
The ability to process two channels simultaneously, to select the appropriate sampling frequency and the possibility of triggering with respect to the generated signal make this control panel a flexible and valuable instrument. Finally, there is also a very useful facility to quickly and easily swap back and forth between the time and frequency domains.
The FFT processed data coming from the two input channels can be displayed as narrowbands, octave bands (turning the instrument into what is generally called a real-time analyzer or RTA) or, referencing one to the other, as live transfer function (you may also use music as stimulus).
9.2 FFT ANALYZER CONTROL PANEL

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9.2.1 TOOLBAR BUTTONS Starts an FFT measurement. Right-clicking on it you open the associated drop down menu
It is possible to select: -Continue. In this mode the measurement is not started from blank but accumulates with the previously stopped one. -Event Trigger. If selected the measurement is triggered by an input signal. Starts an FFT measurement. The icon becomes orange in case either Event Trigger or Internal Trigger are active. Stops the current measurement. Selects FFT Narrowband analyzer.

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Selects RTA (octave bands) analyzer.

Selects FFT “Live” Transfer Function analyzer.

Enters the FFT Settings dialog box.

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Enables the Time Data display. The second graph that is activated behaves as an oscilloscope and displays the captured waveform correspondent to the last FFT analysis.

Enables the Hold function. Depending on the setting entered in the FFT Settings dialog box, it is possible to hold either the minimum or maximum value per frequency point.
Moves the equal loudness curve up of 1phon.
Moves the equal loudness curve down of 1phon.
data window

Selects a weighting data window among the following: – Rectangular (no window) – Hanning – Hamming – Blackman – Bartlett (triangular) – FlatTop

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channel display
Selects the input channel to display among the following: – Channel A only – Channel B only – Channel A&B (both channels displayed in different graphs)
Y scale units

Selects the measurement units. Note:
– dBRel (with respect to the global reference level; see chapter 8) – dBSPL, dBPa (for acoustical measurements) – dBmeter, dBm/s (for laser measurements) – dBm/s2 (for acceleration measurements) – dBampere (for current measurements)
frequency smoothing Selects the frequency smoothing in fractions of octave from 1/48 to 1/2 of octave.
fraction of octave (RTA analyzer only) Selects between 1/1, 1/3 and 1/6 of octave analysis.
target averages Inputs the total number of averages. Averaging is controlled by the setting in the FFT Settings dialog.
number of averages display Displays the number of the actual average; this number increases during the measurement unless, while in exponential averaging, the target has already been reached.

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9.3 FFT SETTINGS

FFT Size Selects the number of samples acquired and processed by each FFT. It is possible to choose a size between 512 and 262144 points.
Overlap Select the overlap window for data processing.
Delay Permits the input of the desired processing delay (in ms) when in Internal Trigger mode.
Internal Trigger Enables the Internal Trigger mode. Each FFT acquisition is then started when the signal, internally generated by CLIO, begins. Event trigger, see above, instead triggers on the signal present at input.
Enable Frequency Calibration Enables frequency calibration to compensate for any hardware non linearity; frequency calibration, if enabled, takes place only when the generator is active.
Hold Function Selects either Min or Max hold function. This functionality is activated by the relative toolbar button.
Freq Axis Selects from linear or logarithmic frequency axis (valid only for FFT narrowband)
Enable Equal Loudness Contour Enables the display of the normal equal loudness level curves as defined in the ISO 226 standard. The curves are displayed only in FFT narrowband and RTA modes when dBSPL units are selected.

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Averaging Selects either linear or logarithmic averaging.
Enable Power Test Enables power test processing as per ANSI/CEA and ANSI/CTA norms.
Version Select which power test standard should be applied among ANSI/CEA 2010A, ANSI/CEA 2010B and ANSI/CTA 2034.
9.3.1 DEDICATED `LIVE’ SETTINGS AND TOOLBAR FUNCTIONS

Coherence Threshold Selects the coherence threshold to display measured data. If set to zero all data are displayed. Otherwise only FFT bins with coherence above it will be shown.
Smooth Coherence Curve Applies to the Coherence curve the same smoothing applied to the frequency response curve.
Multi Resolution Enables multiple FFTs (of decreasing length) to cover different frequency bands.

Phase

Coherence

Show relative curve

Compression Factor

Impulse Delay finder Get reference curve

Delay

Level Threshold

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Enables the Time Data display. The lower graph displayed is the impulse response.
Enables phase response to be displayed in the lower graph.
Enables coherence response. The coherence is displayed in the same graph of the transfer function magnitude and reads on the right displays scale.
Automatically evaluates the interchannel delay and sets it. The value of the delay is shown in the delay display.
Shows the difference between the measured curve and the reference curve.
Acquire the current response curve as a reference.
delay display Shows the delay correction, in ms, that is applied while processing the two channels.
level threshold display and control Sets the peak level versus input full scale of the reference channel below which the measurement is frozen. It is possible to modify the value using the dedicated spin buttons. Setting this threshold properly lets you measure only when the signal is present at the reference channel and avoid that inaccurate readings accumulates with the measure distorting it.
compression factor display Shows the difference, in dB, between the crest factors of the two input signals. The compression factor gives you a rough indication about how much the system under test is limited in its dynamic range. The more negative the compression factor more the system is limiting the input signal.
9.4 FFT AND MULTI-METER
There is a close interaction between FFT and Multi-meter operations. The two measurements share the same acquisition and processing core. Should they operate together the FFT control panel acts as the master while Multi-meter follows as the slave. In this situation, among other peculiarities, the Go and Stop buttons of the Multi-meter are disabled; if an FFT acquisition is started then the Multi-meter runs as well, the same when you stop the measurement.
9.5 FFT AND Leq ANALIZER
It is possible to execute FFT or RTA analysis while an Leq measurement is taking place. The following figure shows the analysis of a sample of speech done with Leq and RTA in parallel.

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Some limitations apply to FFT settings, in particular it is not possible to select an FFT size higher than 32768. See also chapter 16.

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9.6 FFT SHORTCUTS

G Starts an FFT measurement.

T Stops current measurement.

S Invokes Setting menu.

F

Enters FFT narrowband analyzer.

R Enters RTA analyzer.

L

Enters “Live” Transfer Function analyzer.

D Invokes Time Data (Oscilloscope) display.

H Invokes Hold function.

Page-Up Page-Dn Manually increase or decrease delay by 10ms.

Shift Page-Up Shift Page-Dn Manually increase or decrease delay by 1 sample.

9.7 FFT FILE TYPES

The registered file extension for FFT measurement data files is ‘.fft’.

FFT data file.
9.8 FFT ASCII TEXT EXPORT
The following data can be exported in ASCII files (see chapter 5):
Display Frequency Data The program will export the processed frequency data as they are displayed on the screen, with its internal resolution of 2048 points, regardless the current FFT size.
FFT Frequency Data The program will export the processed frequency data with the resolution of the current FFT size.
Last FFT Data The program will export the last calculated FFT frequency data with the resolution of the current FFT size.
Last Time Data The program will export the last captured time data with the resolution of the current FFT size.

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10 MLS & LOG CHIRP
10.1 INTRODUCTION
MLS&LOG CHIRP menu features two different techniques that yield to the final result, the complex transfer function of a generic device. They are MLS and LOG CHIRP Analysis. While the internal processing is quite different the result is the same and this justifies keeping them together.
MLS stands for Maximum Length Sequences, is a powerful well established technique that allows you to carry out analysis of linear systems recovering the Impulse Response of the device using a fast cross-correlation algorithm. It is therefore a time based analysis. Frequency domain information is obtained calculating the FFT of the Impulse Response.
LOG CHIRP analysis uses a log-swept sine chirp as stimulus. The Frequency Response is obtained with a deconvolution process and the Impulse Response with an inverse FFT of the Frequency Response.
With MLS&LOG CHIRP it is possible to measure:
– Impulse Response of any generic DUT – Complex Transfer Function – Group Delay – Quasi-anechoic Frequency Response of a loudspeaker – Room Acoustic Response – Step Response – Schroeder Decay – ETC (Energy Time Curve)
Within this Menu the user will be able to deal simultaneously with time and frequency domains using the powerful post processing tools CLIO provides. This allows the collection of very sophisticated and complete information of any electroacoustic device.

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10.2 MLS & LOG CHIRP CONTROL PANEL

10.2.1 TOOLBAR BUTTONS

Starts an MLS & LOG CHIRP measurement.

If pressed the measurements will be autosaved. The current autosave definitions apply (see chapter 5).

If pressed the measurements will be autostored in overlays.

Selects the Loop mode. When in Loop mode the MLS & LOG CHIRP measurement is automatically repeated until the user presses a keystroke or releases the button. If Autosave is active the loop mode ends after the total files to be autosaved are done.

When an MLS & LOG CHIRP measurement is taken, it automatically applies the selected post-process.

Enters the MLS & LOG CHIRP Process dialog box.

Enters the MLS & LOG CHIRP settings dialog box.

Shows Time domain.

Shows Frequency domain.

Shows both Frequency & Time domains.

Displays phase.

Set wrapped or unwrapped phase

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Displays group delay.
By right clicking either on phase can be selected:

or group delay

button the kind of calculation

Normal displays the measured phase (group delay) curve referring to the selected time domain data.
Minimum calculates and displays the phase (group delay) curve, related to the current modulus curve, in the assumption of minimum phase behavior (i.e. the Hilbert transform of the log magnitude).
Excess calculates and displays the phase (group delay) curve as the difference between the Normal and the Minimum ones. Displays Impulse Response. Displays Step Response. Displays Schroeder Decay. Displays Energy Time Curve (ETC).
channel display
Selects the input channel to display among the following: – Channel A only – Channel B only
Y scale units

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Selects the measurement units among the following: – dBV – dBu – dBRel (with respect to the global reference level; see chapter 8) – dBSPL (for acoustical measurements) – dBPa (for acoustical measurements) – dBmeter (for laser measurements) – dBm/s (for laser measurements) – dBm/s2 (for acceleration measurements) – dBampere (for current measurements)
smoothing Activates a frequency smoothing of the active curve. This smoothing effect will allow a better appreciation of the general features of the response curve. The smoothing algorithm that is employed averages all values within a fraction-ofoctave band surrounding each analysis frequency.
Automatic delay capture. Based on the current impulse response finds and mathematically removes the impulse delay. The delay found is displayed in the nearby box, inside the Impulse Response control panel it also activates Marker B showing the delay.

The delay can also be fine tuned or set manually: – clicking the dedicated buttons (in 0.01ms steps) – with Page-up and Page-dn keys (in 0.01ms steps) – with Shift Page-up and Shift Page-dn keys (in 0.1ms steps) – with Ctrl Page-up and Ctrl Page-dn keys (in 0.001ms steps)

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10.3 MLS & LOG CHIRP SETTINGS

size Selects the size of the MLS & LOG CHIRP sequence. Log Chirp size spans from 4k to 2M samples (1M and 2M size are uncalibrated as are meant to be used for Room Acoustic response measurements) . MLS size spans from 4k to 512k samples.
window Selects the appropriate kind of window for analyzing time data. It is possible to select between a rectangular, Hanning or Blackman window; the last two can be full or half size. NOTE: These windows are applied to the time portion to be transformed with FFT. If the start point is near the impulse, full windows will null the most important part of the time response (due to their rise time). To evaluate the effects of a data window refer to Chapter 9, and FFT measurements in general.
stimuli Selects the kind of stimulus, either MLS or Log Chirp used for the measurement.
averages Controls the averaging mode of operation. The measurement will be repeated and averaged the number of times set, therefore obtaining a better signal-tonoise ratio at the expense of reduced measurement speed. Continuous performs the number of averages in the shortest time without waiting. Manual waits the user to press any key between each measure; it is useful, for example, in averaging different microphone positions.
impedance Set how Impedance is calculated and displayed. When taking impedance measurements refer either to the Internal impedance mode or to QC Box Select (the hardware setting of the QC Box determines directly the Impedance Mode, refer to 4.6). When checking Ohm Right Scale the impedance is referred to the right Y scale

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10.4 IMPULSE RESPONSE CONTROL PANEL
The following buttons inside the measurement area are particular to this control panel. See Chapter 6 for other general information.
Selects the starting point of the measurement window. Selects the end point of the measurement window. Restores the default state of the measurement window thus selecting all the acquired points for analysis.
Stores and displays one impulse response overlay curve Activates marker A and B

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10.5 MLS & LOG CHIRP POST-PROCESSING TOOLS

Loads an MLS & Log Chirp process.
Saves an MLS & Log Chirp process.
Adds a data value or compatible file to the current measurement.
Subtracts a data value or compatible file to the current measurement.
Multiplies the current measurement by a data value or compatible file.
Divides the current measurement by a data value or compatible file.
Shifts the current measurement by a dB value.
Multiplies the current measurement by complex frequency.
Divides the current measurement by complex frequency.
Uses a reference measurement file taken at speaker terminals to calculate 1m sensitivity in dBSPL/W. The reference file should have dBV Y units while the one in memory should be in dBSPL.
Process the current measurement with an octave band filter. It is possible to input the mid-band value and the filter bandwidth.
Temporally shifts the current measurement by a ms value. Affects phase response.
Merges the current measurement with the part below the selected transition frequency of a selected compatible file.
Combines the actual measurement and the selected file to obtain a constant current impedance measurement. Both files should be in dBV.
Combines the actual measurement and the selected file to obtain a constant voltage impedance measurement. Both files should be in dBV.

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10.6 MLS & LOG CHIRP SHORTCUTS

G Starts a MLS & Log Chirp measurement.

Esc Stops current measurement.

S Invokes Setting menu.

F

Shows Frequency Response.

T Shows Time Response.

P Shows Phase (in Frequency Response). Shows Step Response (in Time Response).

D Shows Group Delay (in Frequency Response). Shows Schroeder Decay (in Time Response)

I

Shows Impulse.

E Shows ETC.

10.7 MLS & LOG CHIRP FILE TYPES

The registered file extension for MLS & Log Chirp measurement data files is ‘.mls’.

The registered file extension for MLS & Log Chirp process files is ‘.mpro’.

MLS & Log Chirp data file.

MLS & Log Chirp process file.
10.8 MLS & LOG CHIRP ASCII TEXT EXPORT
The following data can be exported in ASCII files (see chapter 5):
Display Frequency Data The program will export the frequency data as they are displayed on the screen, with resolution variable from 256 to 2048 points, regardless the current MLS size.
FFT Frequency Data The program will export the frequency data with the resolution of the current MLS size.
Time Data The program will export the acquired impulse response or active post process.

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11 SINUSOIDAL
11.1 INTRODUCTION
Within Sinusoidal, it is possible to carry out simultaneous analysis of: – Frequency Response – Impedance – Distortion (THD plus harmonics up to 10th, THD+N) – Rub&Buzz.
As should be obvious the stimulus used is a sinusoidal signal, stepped or continuously swept within user defined frequency limits. Although sinusoidal steady state analysis is among the oldest and more traditional kind of measure, CLIO merges the reliability of this well known technique with the power of advanced DSP.
The completely programmable Gating feature allows the user to add quasianechoic acoustical frequency response capability.
Simultaneous, two channels, stereo measurements can be performed.
11.2 SINUSOIDAL CONTROL PANEL

11.2.1 TOOLBAR BUTTONS

Starts the sinusoidal measurement.

If pressed the measurements will be autosaved. The current autosave definitions apply; see chapter 5 for details.

If pressed the measurements will be autostored in overlays.

Automatically applies the defined post-process after the measurement has been taken.

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Enters the Sinusoidal Post-Process Dialog, described below.
When a stereo measurement is done divides channel A by channel B and shows result.
Displays the phase response instead of modulus response.
Enters the Sinusoidal Setting Dialog, described in detail below. It is the heart of the whole menu and should be thoroughly understood before pressing Go. Harmonic Distortion Selection

If the distortion products have been calculated, interactively selects the one to be displayed.
Displays the selected distortion product, risen the dB defined in the Settings Dialog.
Displays Fast-Track Rub&Buzz, risen the amount of dB defined in the Settings Dialog. Note: Fast-Track Rub&Buzz is available only in QC software version.
Set output level equalize mode; after a sinusoidal measurement has been taken it is possible to refer to the acquired frequency response in order to generate a colored output that flattens out the subsequent response.

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The above example illustrates a measured pressure response (red) that has then been equalized to obtain a flat output (black) from the same loudspeaker. input channel
Selects the input channel (CHA or CHB). Choose CHA&B for a stereo measurement when the two channels are measured and processed simultaneously. Y Scale units

Selects the measurement Y scale unit. Possible choices are dBV, dBu, dBRel as voltage, dBSPL, dBPa, dBPa/V as pressure, dBmeter as displacement, dBm/s as velocity, dBm/s2 as acceleration, dBampere as current and Ohm as impedance. Refer to CLIO Options>Units Conversion dialog for reference sensitivities. Ohm switches the system to convert the measurements in Ohm basing the conversion on the Impedance Mode Settings available in the Settings Dialog. In stereo measurements both channels share the same unit, with one exception: when a stereo measurement is taken and the sinusoidal setting “Ohm Right Scale” is selected, then channel B measures impedance sensing current (usually from the dedicated QCBox ISense output).

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Smoothing
Allows the user to select a frequency smoothing of the active curve. The smoothing algorithm averages all the value within the selected fraction of octave band, surrounding each analysis frequency. It is a non destructive post process that can be applied or removed at any moment after the measurement has been taken. Note: Smoothing is not active for Ohm scale and for Rub&Buzz. 11.2.2 SINUSOIDAL SETTINGS DIALOG

Sweep Settings
Stepped Check Box Allows the user to choose between continuous or stepped Logarithmic Sweep. Continuous sweep is faster; the user should have clear how this may affect the measurements.
Speed Drop Down Lets the user choose between Slow (max accuracy), Fast (optimized for FastTrack Rub&Buzz) or Normal measurement speed. The resulting sweep time length in seconds may be read in the sinusoidal control panel status bar.
Resolution Drop Down Lets the user choose between seven different frequency resolutions up to 1/192th of octave. It affects the measurement execution time, whatever the other settings are.
Freq Max Edit Box Lets the user define the highest Frequency of the Sweep. This is also the starting measurement Frequency. The highest value accepted is 22388 Hz. The value should also be one octave higher than the Minimum Frequency.

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Freq Min Edit Box Lets the user define the lowest Frequency of the Sweep. This is also the end measurement Frequency. The lowest value accepted is 10 Hz. The value should also be one octave lower than the Maximum Frequency.
Gating (Acquisition) Settings
Gated Check Box Lets the user enable the gating acquisition mode. Checking it will automatically check Stepped Check Box. That is, Gated Measurements are always carried out in Stepped Mode.
Delay Edit Boxes Lets the user define the delay, separately for each input channel, in ms, applied between the signal generation and its acquisition. When different than 0, gating is active, even when gating or Stepped check boxes (but not both) are not checked. Typical gated use is quasi-anechoic Frequency Response analysis where it removes the time delay of the sound leaving the speaker and reaching the microphone. Alternative use, with gated not checked, might be removing the delay between the play and recording head in a three heads tape recorder as well as any digital processor that introduces delay in the signal path. The highest Delay value accepted is 1000ms.
Auto Delay Check Box & Auto Delay Frequency Edit Box If Auto delay is checked, when delay is used (see above) CLIO tries, using the Frequency value entered, to determine the delay automatically. The value found is displayed in the Delay edit box; reopening the Settings dialog after the measurements has been taken allows to you to view the automatically chosen delay time. The highest Delay value can be limited with the Max[ms] input to avoid wasting measuring time.
Impedance Settings Set how Impedance is calculated and displayed. When taking impedance measurements refer either to the Internal impedance mode, to QC Box Select mode (the hardware setting of the QC Box determines directly the Impedance Mode, refer to chapter 4) or 2 Channels mode.
Ohm Right Scale If selected the impedance scale will be activated on the right of the graph. When a stereo measurement is taken, then channel B measures impedance sensing current (usually from the dedicated QCBox ISense output).
Distortion Settings
R&B Enabled Enables Fast-Track Rub&Buzz calculation. Available only in QC software version.
THD Enabled Enables THD and Harmonics calculation.
THD+N Enabled Enables THD+N calculation. This enables also THD calculation, disables Stepped, Gated and Speed options. Please note that the sweep signal generated when THD+N is enabled has a duration which, depending on settings, might exceeds by one order of magnitude the usual CLIO Sinusoidal sweep.

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% Reading Sets distortion or R&B curves unit to % instead of dB.
Rise [dB] Value, in dB, used by the graphical routines to raise the display of the distortion curves. Only the display of the curve is affected. The marker readings continue to display the real value which, if the rise value is different than 0, differs from the curve position.

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11.3 SINUSOIDAL POST PROCESSING TOOLS
The Sinusoidal Processing Tools dialog gives access to very powerful mathematical tools that, once defined, can be saved, reloaded and automatically be applied to every executed measurement.

Loads a Sinusoidal process.
Saves a Sinusoidal process.
Adds a data value or compatible file to the current measurement.
Subtracts a d

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