DRYAD Silvanet AI Wildfire Detection

Specifications

• Product Name: Silvanet
• System Components: Silvanet Sensors, Silvanet Cloud, Mesh Gateways, Border Gateways
• Deployment Stages: Pilot stage (2-4 months), Live stage (10-15 years)
• Recommended Sensor Placement: Permanently attached to trees about 3 meters above the forest floor

Product Usage Instructions

Getting Started with Silvanet:

Wildfires cause significant environmental and economic damage. Silvanet offers protection by monitoring microclimates using a network of sensors.

Deployment Stages:

• Pilot Stage: Demonstrate core functionality and scalability, lasts 2-4 months.
• Live Stage: Large-scale deployment lasting 10-15 years across targeted forests.

Contact Dryad Sales to deploy Silvanet in your forests for protection.

Silvanet System:

The Silvanet System includes a network of sensors connected to the Silvanet Cloud via Mesh Gateways and Border Gateways. Sensors are placed on trees to send environmental data to the cloud.

Silvanet Suite Network:

If a sensor detects a fire, notifications are sent to authorized users through the Silvanet Mesh network and Cloud, providing information about the fire’s location.

Continuous Microclimate Monitoring:

Silvanet sensors monitor air quality and interact with each other to provide comprehensive data on environmental conditions.

Warning and Declarations:

Certain safety measures are implemented in the product to ensure safe volume levels and compliance with government standards.

FAQs

• Q: How high should the sensors be placed?
  • A: It is recommended to place the sensors about 3 meters above the forest floor, permanently attached to trees.
• Q: How long does the Pilot stage last?
  • A: The Pilot stage typically lasts between 2-4 months to demonstrate core functionality and scalability.

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SILVANET USER GUIDE
DECEMBER 20, 2023

Copyright © 2023, Dryad Networks GmbH, Eisenbahnstr. 37, 16225 Eberswalde, Germany.
All rights reserved.
Information in this document is subject to change without notice and describes the product defined in the introduction of this document. This documentation is for the user of Dryad Networks GmbH customers only for the purposes of the agreement under which the document is submitted, and no part of this document may be used, reproduced, modified, or transmitted in any form without the prior written permission of Dryad Networks. The documentation has been prepared to be used by professional and properly trained personnel, and the customer assumes full responsibility when using it. Dryad Networks welcomes customer feedback as part of the process of continuous improvement of the documentation. Dryad Networks will not be responsible for errors in this document or for any damages arising from the user of this document or the information contained therein.

Document Number: Document Revision Number:
Document Status: Issue Date;

3.1-1100-2.4 3.1
Released December 20, 2023

Getting Started with Silvanet

Learn how to setup and test a deployment of the Dryad SilvanetÔ Wildfire Detection System to provide ultra-early forest fire detection in public and private forests. Learn how the system sends Fire alerts to registered users if a smoldering fire is detected.
Wildfires cause up to 20% of global CO2 emissions, the same amount that traffic (all cars, aircraft and ships combined) put into the air. And human activity is responsible for about 80% of wildfires. Furthermore, wildfires have a devastating impact on biodiversity with more than 3 billion animals killed and they cause more than $140 billions of economic losses each year.
Dryad’s SilvanetTM provides ultra-early detection of forest fires, with large- area monitoring, real-time warning and reliable prevention. Our solar-powered sensors, which are placed directly into the forest, use ultra-sensitive gas sensors to monitor the composition of the air and detect fires using embedded artificial intelligence. The sensors then send an alert signal over our large- scale IoT mesh network. Our cloud monitoring platform collects this data which sends out alerts in case of a detected fire. Because a forest environment may cause interference with mobile network operator coverage, the SilvanetTM System uses our key innovation – our own wireless network infrastructure which is a solar powered mesh network architecture that enables large-scale, off- grid deployments.
We recommend two deployment stages – a small Pilot stage and a large Live stage. The Pilot stage demonstrates Silvanet’sTM core functionality and basic scalability of the system and has a duration of approximately 2-4 months. The Live stage is a large-scale deployment across the targeted forest and has a deployment duration of 10-15 years.

Ready to try SilvanetÔ?
Contact Dryad Sales to learn how Silvanet can be deployed in your forests to protect your forests and assets.
SilvanetTM System
The SilvanetTM System consists of a network of Silvanet Sensors connected to the Silvanet Cloud in a mesh network of Mesh Gateways and Border Gateways. The sensors are

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permanently attached to trees about 3 meters above the forest floor and send periodic messages about the environmental to the Silvanet Cloud.
Silvanet Suite network
Automatic notifications If a Dryad SilvanetTM sensor detects a smoldering fire within range of the sensor, automated notifications are immediately sent to authorized users via the SilvanetTM Mesh network, SilvanetTM Cloud and Internet. Users immediately receive information about the exact location of the sensor(s) that detected the fire through an email and on the Dryad Site Management app.

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Warning and Declarations
Corded and Wireless- North America
Please read through all applicable sections.
For your protection and comfort, GN Audio USA, Inc. (“GN”) has implemented protective measures in this product designed to maintain safe volume levels and ensure that the product operates in compliance with government safety standards.

GENERAL SAFETY INFORMATION

· Use of a headset will impair your ability to hear other sounds. Use caution when you are engaging in any activity that requires your full attention.
· If you have a pacemaker or other electrical medical devices, consult your physician before using this product.
· This package contains small parts that may be hazardous to children and should be kept out of reach from children. This product is not a toy ­ never allow children to play with this product. Always store the product out of reach from children. The bags themselves or the many small parts they contain may cause choking if ingested.
· Never try to dismantle the product yourself, or push objects of any kind into the product, as this may cause short circuits which could result in a fire or electric shock.
· None of the components can be replaced or repaired by users. Only authorized dealers or service centers may open the product. If any parts of your product require replacement for any reason, including normal wear and tear or breakage, contact your dealer.
· Avoid exposing your product to rain, moisture or other liquids to protect against damage to the product or injury to you.
· If the product has ear tips, the ear tips should rest against, but not enter the ear canal. · Keep all products, cords, and cables away from operating machinery. · Observe all signs and instructions that require an electrical device or RF radio product
to be switched off in designated areas such as hospitals, blasting areas, potentially explosive atmospheres, or aircrafts. · If the product overheats, if the product has been dropped or damaged, if the product has a damaged cord or plug, or if the product has been dropped in a liquid, discontinue use and contact GN Audio USA, Inc.

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· Never mount or store the product over any airbag deployment area, as serious injury may result when an airbag deploys.
· Do not use in areas where there are explosive hazards. · Unplug the product during extreme weather, or when the product is not used for long
periods of time. · Protect the cords from being damaged or pinched. · Dispose of the product according to local standards and regulations (see
www.jabra.com/weee).

MAINTENANCE

· Unplug the product or charger before cleaning · Clean the product by wiping with a dry or slightly damp cloth. The cord and charger
may only be dry dusted
DECLARATIONS
The Bluetooth® word mark and logos are owned by the Bluetooth SIG, Inc. and any use of such marks by GN Audio A/S is under license. Other trademarks and trade names are those of their respective owners.
For warranty information, please go to www.jabra.com.
FCC and IFETEL (wireless equipment):
This device complies with part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.
Users are not permitted to make changes or modify the device in any way. Changes or modifications not expressly approved by GN Audio USA, Inc. will void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.
This device and its antenna must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter. Non body-worn devices must be placed at least 8″ (20cm) away from the body.
FCC (corded equipment):

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This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation.
This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:
· Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
· Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
· Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.
· Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
Users are not permitted to make changes or modify the device in any way. Changes or modifications not expressly approved by GN Audio USA, Inc. will void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.
ISED (wireless equipment):
This device contains licence-exempt transmitter(s)/receiver(s) that complies with Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada licence-exempt RSS standard(s). Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause interference and (2) This device must accept any interference, including interference that may cause undesired operation of the device. The term «IC» before the equipment certification number only signifies that the Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada technical specifications were met. It does not imply that Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada approved the equipment. This device complies with RSS247 or/and RSS213 of Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada . ISED (Applies to Class B digital apparatus only)
This Class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.

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Avertissement et déclarations
Appareil sans fil et avec fil – Amérique du nord
Veuillez lire toutes les sections applicables.
Pour votre sécurité et votre confort, GN Audio USA,(« GN ») propose des mesures de protection permettant de sécuriser les niveaux de volume et de s’assurer que le produit est conforme aux normes de sécurité gouvernementales.
INSTRUCTIONS GÉNÉRALES SUR LA SÉCURITÉ
· L’utilisation d’un casque vous empêche d’entendre les sons environnants. Prenez les précautions nécessaires quand l’activité nécessite toute votre attention.
· Si vous portez un stimulateur cardiaque ou tout autre appareil médical électrique, consultez votre médecin avant d’utiliser cet appareil.
· Ce paquet contient de petites pièces qui peuvent représenter un danger pour les enfants; il doit donc être laissé hors de leur portée. Cet appareil n’est pas un jouet ­ ne laissez jamais un enfant jouer avec. Gardez toujours le produit hors de portée des enfants. Les sacs par eux- mêmes, ainsi que les petits éléments qu’ils contiennent, présentent un risque d’étouffement s’ils sont avalés.
· N’essayez jamais de démonter vous-même le produit ou d’y insérer des objets, car cela pourrait entraîner des courts-circuits et provoquer un incendie ou une décharge électrique.
· Aucun des composants ne peut être remplacé ou réparé par l’utilisateur. Seuls des distributeurs ou centres de service autorisés sont habilités à ouvrir le produit. Si des éléments de votre produit nécessitent d’être remplacés pour quelque raison que ce soit, y compris l’usure normale et le bris, communiquez avec votre distributeur.
· N’exposez pas le produit à la pluie, à l’humidité ou à d’autres liquides afin d’éviter tout risque de lésion pour vous ou de dommage pour le produit.
· Si le produit a des embouts, ils doivent être contre l’oreille mais pas dans le canal auditif.
· Gardez tous les produits, cordons et câbles à l’écart des machines en marche. · Respectez tous les panneaux et instructions qui exigent l’arrêt de tout appareil
électrique ou produit à radiofréquence dans certaines zones, notamment les hôpitaux, les zones de tir, les atmosphères potentiellement explosives ou les avions.

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· En cas de surchauffe, de chute ou d’endommagement du produit, ou si son cordon ou sa prise est en mauvais état, ou que le produit a été immergé dans un liquide, arrêtez de vous en servir et communiquez avec GN Audio, Inc.
· Ne montez jamais ou ne stockez jamais le produit sur la zone de déploiement d’un sac gonflable. En se déployant, le sac gonflable provoquerait de graves blessures.
· Ne l’utilisez pas dans des zones présentant des risques d’explosion. · Débranchez l’appareil quand les conditions météorologiques sont extrêmes, ou quand il
n’est pas utilisé pendant longtemps. · Faites en sorte que le cordon ne soit jamais endommagé ou pincé. · La mise au rebut de ce produit doit être effectuée conformément aux normes et
règlements locaux (voir www.jabra.com/weee).
ENTRETIEN
· Débranchez l’appareil ou le chargeur avant le nettoyage. · Nettoyez l’appareil en passant un chiffon sec ou légèrement humide. Le cordon et le
chargeur ne peuvent être dépoussiérés qu’à sec.
DÉCLARATIONS
Les logos et la marque Bluetooth® sont la propriété de Bluetooth SIG, Inc. et l’utilisation de telles marques par GN Audio A/S se fait sous licence. Les autres marques déposées sont celles de leurs propriétaires respectifs.
Pour en savoir plus sur la garantie, consultez le site www.jabra.com.
FCC et IFETEL (matériel sans fil) :
Cet appareil est en conformité avec la section 15 des règlements de la FCC. Son utilisation est sujette aux deux conditions suivantes : (1) Cet appareil ne devra pas être utilisé de manièr à causer des interférences nuisibles et (2) Cet appareil doit accepter les interférences reçues, incluant les interférences pouvant entraîner un fonctionnement non désiré.
Il n’est pas permis aux utilisateurs d’amener des modifications ou changements quels qu’ils soient à l’appareil. Les changements et modifications non approuvés de manière explicite par GN Audio USA, Inc. rendront annuleront l’autorité d’utilisation de l’équipement par l’usager.

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Cet appareil et son antenne ne doivent pas être colocalisés ou être utilisé en conjointement avec un autre transmetteur ou une autre antenne. Les dispositifs non portés sur le corps doivent être placés à au moins 8 po (20 cm) du corps.
FCC (matériel avec fil) :
Cet appareil a été testé et jugé conforme à la section 15 des règlements de la FCC en ce qui concerne les appareils digitaux de Classe B. Ces limites sont conçues pour fournir une protection raisonnable contre les interférences nuisibles dans un contexte résidentiel.
Cet appareil produit, utilise et émet de l’énergie radioélectrique et, s’il n’est pas installé et utilisé selon les instructions, peut entraîner des interférences nuisibles aux communications radio. Il est impossible de garantir l’absence d’interférences pour une installation particulière. Si cet appareil entraîne des interférences nuisibles à la réception radiophonique ou télévisuelle, lesquelles peuvent être déterminées en éteignant puis en mettant en marche un appareil, l’utilisateur peut tenter de rectifier le problème de la façon suivante :
· Réorientez ou relocalisez l’antenne de réception. · Éloignez encore plus l’appareil du récepteur. · Branchez l’appareil dans une prise d’un circuit différent de celui sur lequel le récepteur
est branché.
· Consultez le commerçant ou un technicien radio/télé expérimenté.
Il n’est pas permis aux utilisateurs d’amener des modifications ou changements quels qu’ils soient à l’appareil. Les changements et modifications non approuvés de manière explicite par GN Netcom, inc. rendront annuleront l’autorité d’utilisation de l’équipement par l’usager.
ISED (matériel sans fil) :
Cet appareil contient des transmetteur(s)/récepteur(s) sans licence qui sont conformes aux normes RSS sans licence du Développement Innovation, Science et Économie Canada. Son utilisation est sujette aux deux conditions suivantes : (1) Cet appareil ne devra pas être utilisé de manière à causer d’interférences et (2) L’appareil doit accepter les interférences, incluant les interférences pouvant entraîner un fonctionnement non désiré.
Le terme « IC » précédent le numéro de certification de l’appareil signifie seulement que les spécifications techniques du Développement Innovation, Science et Économie Canada sont respectées. Cela ne signifie pas que Développement Innovation, Science et Économie

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Canada a approuvé le matériel. Cet appareil est conforme aux normes RSS247 ou/et RSS213 de Développement Innovation, Science et Économie Canada. ISED (s’applique exclusivement à l’appareillage digital de Classe B). Cet appareillage digital de Classe B est en conformité avec l’ICES-003 canadien.
Quick start
This Quick start briefly explains how to build a deployment Packet assign it to a Silvanet user who deploys the Packet’s Silvanet sensors and gateways in a defined area of a forest. After the devices are deployed, a deployment test can be run.
Requirements
To do the steps in this tutorial, ensure you have the following: · Login credentials to the Silvanet Site Management app obtained from Dryad · Installed the Silvanet Dryad Deployment app on your smartphone
Deployment steps summary
· Build a deployment Packet using the Dryad Deployment app. · Assign the Packet to a user who will deploy the devices in the Packet. · Deploy the devices at the locations specified in the Packet. · Test the deployment.
Access Site Management app
The Site Management app is used to plan deployments and to monitor the devices in the site. It is connected to the Silvanet Cloud which receives data from the sensors via Mesh Gateways and Border Gateways. This data is then displayed in the Site Management app.
· Go to dryad.app and sign in using your username and password provided to you from Dryad.
Note: If this is the first-time logging in, you need to change your password. However, you cannot change your username.

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Open a Site
Sites are accessed on the Site Management dashboard. It displays all Sites to which you have been granted access. You may see one or more Sites on the dashboard, depending on your access level.
Info: A Site groups together sensor devices and gateways within a geographical area or with similar characteristics.
1. After logging in, the Site Management dashboard appears showing the sites assigned to you.
2. Select Open from the ellipsis menu in the header of a Site to open the Site dashboard. Alternatively, you can select a Site name link to open the Site.

Open a Site from the Site Management app
Build a Deployment Packet
Planning your deployment of Silvanet devices begins by building Deployment Packets. This is done using the Site Dashboard. The Site Dashboard shows any previously deployed gateways and sensors as well as the area covered by your Silvanet devices.

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Site Dashboard A Deployment Packet is a set of Silvanet devices (sensors and gateways) to be deployed in a Site. Each device in a Packet has its own GPS coordinates which are set during the building of the Packet. These GPS coordinates are used to find the location where the devices are to be deployed. Once deployed, the GPS coordinates are updated to the actual location of the device.
Info: Measurements in the Site Management app can be displayed in either square meters or square feet, depending on your account settings.
Add a new Packet
1. From the Site Dashboard, select Planning.
2. In the Packet dashboard, select Add Packet.
3. On the next page, give the packet a descriptive name.

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Add a new Packet using the Packet Dashboard 4. Center the map on the location where you plan to deploy the Silvanet Suite devices.
Tip: You can use the Search function to locate the area on the map.
Add Border Gateway to a Packet
1. From the Packet dashboard, select Add devices to packet to display the device options.
2. Select Border Gateway from the Choose device type dropdown, enter the amount of Border Gateways to add, then select Add.
3. Place the new Border Gateway on the map by first selecting the Border Gateways, then select Place on Map. The Border Gateway icon appears as a gray (inactive) icon on the map.
4. Select Save to save the Packet to the Silvanet Cloud.

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Add Border Gateways to Packet and place on map
Add sensors to the Packet
1. From the Packet dashboard, select Add devices to packet to display the device options.
2. Select Sensor from the Choose device type dropdown, enter the number of sensors to add, then select Add.
3. Place the new sensors on the map by first selecting the sensors from the list of devices, then select Place on Map. The sensors appear as gray (inactive) icons on the map.
4. Select Save to save the Packet to the Silvanet Cloud.

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Add sensors to Packet and place on map
Add Mesh Gateways to a Packet
1. From the Packet dashboard, select Add devices to packet to display the device options.
2. From the Choose device type dropdown, select Mesh Gateway, enter the amount of Mesh Gateways., then select Add.
3. Place the new Mesh Gateways on the map by first selecting the Mesh Gateways from the list of devices, then select Place on Map. The Mesh Gateway icons appear as gray (inactive) icons on the map.
4. Select Save to save the Packet to the Silvanet Cloud.

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Add Mesh Gateway to Packet and place on map
Place devices at planned locations
With the devices added to the map, you can now move the icons to their estimated final locations.

Moving devices to estimated final location
Tip: You can verify the distances between devices by enlarging to full screen mode and selecting a device icon. When selecting on a device icon on the map, the device’s distances to the three nearest devices are shown on connecting lines. This helps you determine the device’s distances to other devices.

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Placing devices at planned locations
Place the Border Gateway(s)
· Select a location in the Site where the device has access to a power supply and has internet connectivity. See Border Gateway deployments for deployment options.
· The Site Management app updates the planned GPS coordinates of the Border Gateway.
Place the sensors
· Use a grid pattern with approximately 100 meters between sensors. · Place the first sensor with line of sight to the Border Gateway. · Continue placing the sensors in a grid consisting of rows of sensors, ensuring each
device is approximately the same distance away from other sensors (for example, 100 m). · The Site Management app updates the planned GPS coordinates of the sensors.
Place the Mesh Gateways
· Ensure the Mesh Gateway is no more than 2-3 km from either a Border Gateway or other Mesh Gateways.
· Locate a position on the map where the Mesh Gateway provides access to sensors within a radius of 1 km. Depending on the number of sensors, more than one Mesh Gateway may be required to provide adequate coverage.

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· The Site Management app updates the planned GPS coordinates of the Mesh Gateways.
Save the Packet
1. Select Save to save the new Packet to the Silvanet Cloud. 2. Return to the Packet dashboard by selecting Back.
Assign Packet to a user
Assign the completed Packet to a registered user who deploys the devices. 1. From the Packet dashboard, select the Assign icon next to the new Packet. 2. From the list of available users, select a use, the select Assign.

Assign Packet
The Packet’s devices are now ready to be deployed in the forest.
Deploy devices
When the forestry worker enters the forest to deploy the sensors and gateways for a Site, the deployment location for each device can be found using the Dryad Deployment app which runs on a Smartphone.
Warning: Always work in teams of two when entering a forest to deploy the devices.

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Device IDs
Each device has its own Device Id. This is provided as a text string and a QR Code on a label attached to the device. When the device ID is automatically entered using the QR Code (or manually entered using the text string) prior to attaching it to the tree, the app updates the planned location of the device to its actual location.
Deploy the sensors
1. Register the deployment location of the sensor.
2. Install the sensor on a tree.
Register the deployment location
1. Open the Dryad Deployment app on your smartphone. All Packets assigned to you are shown.
2. Open the assigned Packet for the devices you are about to deploy.
3. Using the Dryad Deployment app, move towards the first sensor deployment location. Your location appears as a blue dot.

Current location

Sensors to be deployed

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4. When a location is found for the sensor based on the deployment guidelines, scan the QR Code of the sensor by selecting Install.
5. You can add notes about the deployment location in the Notes field. 6. Select the Camera icon to use the camera on the Smartphone to take a picture of the
Sensor ID label on the back of the device.
Sensor ID
GPS coordinates and additional notes Click Camera icon to capture a photo of the Sensor ID label
ID, GPS coordinates and photo of sensor 7. Save the changes by selecting Save. The sensor’s ID and actual location are saved to
the Silvanet Cloud.
Install the sensor on a tree
1. Find a location on the tree that is at least 3 meters above the forest floor and facing the sun at 12:00 noon.
2. If required, clear a small area of bark so the sensor sits flat and horizontal. 3. Attach the sensor to the tree using a tree nail (or crop wire) and spacer.

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Sensor attached using tree nail and spacer

Attached sensor using tree nail 4. Repeat the same procedure until all sensors have been deployed.
Deploy the Border Gateway
1. Scan the QR Code of the Border Gateway using the same procedure described for sensors.
2. Attach the Border Gateway and its solar panel to a tree or pole. Use tree nails, Uclamps, or crop wire to attach the gateway and solar panel.
3. Attach the antennas to the Border Gateway where the LoRa antenna on top, LTE-M antenna on bottom and SWARM satellite antenna on side.
Deploy the Mesh Gateways
1. Scan the QR Code of the Mesh Gateway using the same procedure described for sensors.
2. Attach the Border Gateway to a tree or pole using tree nails or crop wire.
Test the deployment
Once the devices have been deployed, run a test to verify the deployment. This test uses a controlled fire set in the middle of the sensors. The Silvanet System should respond to the smoke from the fire by sending Fire alerts to registered users via email and displayed in the Site Management app.

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Silvanet Suite
Dryad’s wildfire detection system, the Silvanet Suite, is a network of devices installed in a forest and a set of browser and smartphone apps connected to the Silvanet network through the Silvanet Cloud.

Silvanet Suite network

Silvanet Suite devices:
· Silvanet sensors detect forest fires during the early stages (even during the smoldering phase.
· Silvanet Mesh Gateways extends the Silvanet Network to allow for large-scale deployments of Silvanet sensors.
· Silvanet Border Gateways provides connectivity between the Silvanet Mesh Network and the Silvanet Cloud.
· Silvanet Cloud platform which receives messages via the Internet from the Silvanet devices deployed in the forest and provides the connection to the Silvanet Suite apps.
Silvanet Wildfire Sensor
The Silvanet Wildfire Sensor is designed to detect forest fires during the early stages (even during the smoldering phase, within the first 60 minutes) and to monitor the microclimate by measuring temperature, humidity and air pressure.

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Silvanet sensor
Key features
· Gas sensor
The sensor includes a gas sensor that combines ultra-low-power Air Quality sensing with a precise gas sensing mode. Hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and other gasses are detected at the ppm level with built-in artificial intelligence to reliably detect a fire and avoid false positives.
· LoRa/LoRaWAN connectivity
To connect with the Silvanet Network, the sensor uses a LoRA-integrated radio to connect to a robust LoRaWAN mesh network within a large forest environment. This allows the sensors to connect to distributed LoRaWAN-enabled Silvanet Mesh Gateways and Border Gateways.
· Solar powered
It can run maintenance-free for 10 to 15 years without the need of batteries, avoiding the use of lithium and other toxic materials. It obtains its energy source from a built-in solar panel. As a precaution against the device itself starting a fire, it stores its energy in supercapacitors rather than batteries. A loop allows it to be attached directly to trees using tree nails or crop wire (temporary use only).

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Dimensions and weight
The dimensions of the Silvanet sensor are (L x W x H) 19 cm x 9.11 cm x 1.34 cm. The sensor weighs 136g.

Silvanet sensor dimensions
Info Ingress protection of the housing is IP65. This means the housing is completely protected against dust and water resistance.
Sensor range
Silvanet sensors detect environmental air quality within a radius of 80 m to 100 m (260 ft to 320 ft) for 60 min detection of 2m x 2m fire. It can communicate with Mesh and Border Gateways that are 1 km away from the sensor, depending on topology.

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BME688 gas sensor
The Silvanet Wildfire sensor uses the Bosch BME688 Gas Sensor to monitor the microclimate of the forest. It is a low-energy hydrogen sensor that detects the presence of a smoldering fire over distances of up to 115m. The gas sensor detects the presence of Volatile Organic Compounds (VoCs) and Volatile Sulfur Compounds (VSC) and detects these compounds at <20 ppm.
Environmental detection
The BME688 sensor can detect CO (Carbon Monoxide), CO2 (Carbon Dioxide), H2, (Hydrogen), VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds), Temperature, Humidity and Air pressure.
The BME688 sensor monitors the microclimate of the forest by reading the following environmental values:
· Gas resistance: Outputs the IAQ (Index for Air Quality), VOC and CO2 equivalents (ppm). The gas scan result is a % value.
· Humidity: Outputs relative humidity · Air pressure: Outputs pressure in Pa · Temperature: Outputs temperature in Celsius
This gas sensor has built-in environmental sensing using Artificial Intelligence (AI) to generate a normalized value for the environment in which it has been placed.
Measurement conditions
In the Silvanet sensor, the BME688 sensor provides measurements under the following conditions:
· Pressure: 300 to 11000 hPa · Humidity: 0 to 100% · Temperature: -40 to 85°C

Power consumption
The Silvanet sensor has very low energy consumption which is provided by its built-in solar panel. As a precaution against the device itself starting a fire, the sensor stores its energy in supercapacitors rather than batteries.

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The two key components of the sensor that consume energy are the BME688 gas sensor and the LoRa radio. The gas sensor consumes ~3.9 mA in standard gas scan mode. The radio consumes 7W of energy to operate so it can continue to operate in a shaded location for ~6 hrs.
Power supply
The sensor requires sufficient energy to support continuous operation over a 24 hr. period while still having enough reserve power to support the heating and powering of the BME688 sensor and to send a burst of messages when a fire is detected.
Idle/active modes
Normally, the Silvanet Sensor Node is in idle mode. It activates every 60 seconds to read the air quality / gas sensor and every 2 hours to read the environment. It then sends a single packet to the Silvanet Server via the Mesh Gateway and Border Gateway. These data packets contain normal (non-fire detection) environmental data – temperature, pressure and humidity internal values. These values can be viewed in the Site Management app.
Built-in solar panel
The sensor includes on its front housing a 60mm x 60mm solar cell. It continuously generates energy during the daytime and recharges the device with sufficient power for the next 24 hours. After sunset, it begins to discharge until sunrise. After sunrise, it begins to recharge to 100% within about an hour.
Each day the solar panel harvests 7Ws in the constrained conditions of a forest. The required energy can be generated using a 60mm x 60mm solar panel.
Info
Sufficient ambient light is available in forests to provide sufficient light for the solar panel. Forests are never entirely dark during the day, even with a thick forest canopy.
Supercapacitor Energy Storage
The Silvanet sensor uses a set of supercapacitors to store energy for use by the radio and BME688 sensor and other components. It stores the energy for day-to-day tasks and has a reasonable amount of reserve power to operate the gas sensor and radio module in case a potential fire is detected. As supercapacitors have an expected lifespan of 10 years or

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more, the sensors are essentially maintenance free. This allows for an expected lifespan of the sensor between 10 and 15 years. Supercapacitors have a high capacity but a small maximum voltage of 2.7V so a series of capacitors are loaded to 4V. Capacitors are fully charged to 5.2V.
Info Power supply is stored in supercapacitors rather than rechargeable batteries as rechargeable batteries can ignite. Using batteries would defeat the purpose of a wildfire detection system.
Silvanet Mesh Gateway
The Dryad Silvanet Mesh Gateway extends the Silvanet Network to allow for large-scale deployments of Silvanet Sensors throughout large forested areas.

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Silvanet Mesh Gateway

Large deployments of standard LoRaWAN networks are typically beyond the reach of the standard single-hop direct connection between sensors and gateways. Messages from Silvanet sensors hop from Mesh Gateways to Mesh Gateways until messages reach the Silvanet Border Gateway(s). Consequently, Silvanet Networks can be extended to large deployments beyond the reach of the sensors.
The patent-pending architecture uses a multi-hop mesh network of Gateways interconnected with LoRa and each serving as a standard LoRaWAN gateway to Silvanet Wildfire Sensors and 3rd party sensors.
Key features
· Provides range extending capabilities by using the same LoRaWAN network as the sensors to receive and forward messages.
· Placed in the forest itself, forming a mesh network with a typical distance of 2-6 km depending on topology and physical placement of the Mesh Gateways.

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· Does not require direct 4G/LTE-M radio or Ethernet connectivity which ensures low power consumption supported by the built-in solar panel.
· Supports FUOTA (Firmware Update Over-the-Air) to allow its firmware to be updated remotely as required.
· The typical coverage area of a single Mesh Gateway is between 2 to 6 km, depending on the physical terrain, the density and type of forest.
· Each Mesh Gateway supports up to 100 sensors.
Info
As the Silvanet Mesh Gateway is proprietary to Dryad, the device is not open to 3rd party applications.
Connectivity
Each forest is unique. Different topology, difficult terrain, mountains, valleys, any feature that blocks transmissions are some of the many challenges facing quality connectivity.
However, the Mesh Network uses LoRaWAN (Long Range Wide Area Network) to overcome transmission obstacles within a forest. LoRaWAN is a technology built on top of LoRa, a patented frequency modulation ideal for low-power, wide area networks such as required by Dryad Silvanet.
Dimensions
The dimensions of the Silvanet Mesh Gateway are (LxWxH) 68 cm (87 cm with antenna) x 29 cm x 5 cm and weighs 2.8 kg.

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Range
The Silvanet Mesh Gateway can communicate with other Gateways (Mesh / Border Gateways) in a range of several kilometers. The actual range may vary depending on environmental conditions.

Mesh Gateway range

Power consumption
The Mesh Gateway has low power consumption which is supplied by its built-in solar panel to provide its daily energy needs. The power consumption is calculated to be 3997Ws.
Power supply
Due to the reduced power consumption compared to a Border Gateway, it requires a smaller solar cell size of 50 X 25 compared to the Border Gateway.
Connecting to Border Gateways
Mesh Gateways automatically register with the Silvanet Cloud during the deployment process.
Silvanet Border Gateway
The Silvanet Border Gateway provides connectivity between the Silvanet Mesh Network and the Silvanet Cloud. The Border Gateway communicates with the Silvanet Cloud through the Internet to relay messages from sensors via the Mesh Network.
It is typically placed at the edge of a forest and, ideally, near a power supply. However, these gateways are LoRaWAN compliant which means they can communicate directly with Silvanet sensors, if within range.

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Silvanet Border Gateway
Key features
· Connects to Mesh Gateways and sensors via a LoRaWAN mesh network. · Connects to the Internet using Mobile networks, Ethernet or SWARM satellite. · Wireless connectivity is provided by its built-in LTE-M radio (using 4G/LTE-M with
2G/GPRS fallback). · Wired connectivity is provided by its built-in Ethernet adapter. · For remote deployments without mobile network coverage and no access to mains
power, it has built-in support for connecting to the SWARM satellite network. Furthermore, it can operate on mains power or powered by a solar cell. · Supports FUOTA (Firmware Update Over-the-Air) to allow its firmware to be updated remotely as required. · The typical coverage area of a single Mesh Gateway is between 2 to 6 km, depending on the physical terrain, the density and type of forest. · Each Border Gateway can support the deployment of up to 20 Mesh Gateways. · Uses mains power supply through PoE (Power over Ethernet). If PoE is unavailable, the solar panel included with the device can also provide for its daily energy requirements.

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Dimensions
The dimensions of the Silvanet Border Gateway are (LxWxH) 27.5 cm (63 cm with antennas) x 46 cm (with SWARM antenna) x 4.5 cm and weighs 1.3 kg.

Border Gateway dimensions
Range
The Silvanet Border Gateway can communicate with other Mesh Gateways and Border Gateways in a range of several kilometers. The actual range may vary depending on environmental conditions.

Border Gateway ranges
Communication
Mesh Network connectivity
Using LoRaWAN, the Border Gateway communicates with Mesh Gateways and directly with sensors, if they are within range. The Border Gateway receives messages from sensors via one or more Mesh Gateways and forwards them to the Silvanet Cloud via the Internet.

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Internet Connectivity
The Border Gateway provides Internet connectivity to the Silvanet Cloud through either LTE-M, Ethernet and Satellite.
· Ethernet (wired – recommended)
We recommend using the Border Gateway’s built in Ethernet connectivity which requires access to a router. The Gateway supports Power over Ethernet (PoE).
· LTE-M/2G (mobile)
The Border Gateway provides built-in support for LTE-M, which requires access to a 4G network with 2G fallback (GPRS). LTE-M (Cat-M1) is suitable for IoT. An LTE-M antenna is provided to connect to a 4G network.
· SWARM Satellite (backup)
Should Ethernet and LTE become unavailable or if the Border Gateway is deployed in a remote location, a SWARM antenna is provided for Satellite uplink using the SWARM satellite network. Messages sent by SWARM are only Alerts. Dependence on a Satellite uplink should only be used for remote deployments where there is no mobile network coverage AND no access to mains power.

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LoRa antenna

Satellite antenna

LTE-M antenna
Silvanet Border Gateway antennas
Firmware updates (FUOTA)
The Border Gateway supports FUOTA (Firmware Update Over the Air) with high flexibility. Large file transfers are successfully made securely and reliably even with eventual interruptions of the power supply and, consequently, sensor operation.
Firmware is updated using a chunked image transfer (no compression). All Silvanet sensors in a Site are updated at the same time using Multicast. To do this the LoRaWAN Network Protocol is temporarily switched to Class B which allows two-way communication.
To cope with low power and the various regional regulatory requirements, both the downlink fragment size as well as the periodicity are highly configurable allowing for stretching a FUOTA process even to a week.

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Power Consumption
The Silvanet Border Gateway requires an increased power supply compared to the Silvanet Mesh Gateway. All components of the Border Gateway are assumed to be always on as it needs to listen to any messages sent by Mesh Gateways and/or sensors. To be always on it needs a constant power supply, either through a mains power supply or using its external solar panel.
Power supply
Continuous (24 hour) operation of the Border Gateway requires a power supply of 5415Ws. We recommend providing a power supply using PoE (Power over Ethernet) connected to a mains power supply. If PoE is unavailable, the solar panel included with the device can also provide for its daily energy requirements.
Solar Panels
The Border Gateway includes an external solar panel that is 45cm by 45cm and is permanently connected to the Border Gateway. This provides a continuous power supply to charge the supercapacitors.
The solar panel ensures charging capabilities. This guarantees a power supply to the Border Gateway should a power outage occur for an extended period, such as ten hours or even two days.
Supercapacitors
The Silvanet Border Gateway uses supercapacitors to provide the 5415Ws power supply (5415Ws). This type of capacitor provides a large amount of power for a short duration and is continuously recharged using an external power supply, either Mains (directly or via a PoE) or solar panel.
If the solar panel is the main source of power, the supercapacitors allow the device to continue receiving power for several hours if the solar panel loses generating capacity (no sunlight) or if a power outage occurs in the case of mains power supply.
Info
Power supply is stored in supercapacitors rather than rechargeable batteries as rechargeable batteries can ignite. This would defeat the purpose of a wildfire detection system.

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Silvanet Cloud Platform
The Silvanet Cloud platform captures data served by the Silvanet Mesh Network and received from the Silvanet sensors. It connects with the Site Management app, which is a web application, as well as the Deployment app which is run on a Smartphone. Data that is captured and served by the Silvanet Cloud is accessible wherever a user has Internet access.

Silvanet Cloud Platform
Each Dryad customer is provided with their own username and password to access the Silvanet Cloud. Dryad currently manages access to the Silvanet Cloud. Each new user must be added by request to Dryad only.
From the user’s perspective, this gives registered users access to a client which is a collection of Sites, where each Site is scalable to allow for adding more Silvanet devices as well as additional users. Typically, a customer has only one Site, but customers can request multiple sites that are geographically dispersed.
Info
Sites are currently added by Dryad internal Admins. In the future, a Site Admin will be allocated to specific users who will be able to create sites for clients and to create users.

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Silvanet Suite Apps
A user interacts with the Silvanet Cloud Platform and by extension their deployed sensors and gateways using two Silvanet Suite apps, one web-based and the other an app running on the user’s Smartphone:
· The Site Management app (dryad.app) is accessed through a browser and is used to plan deployments and view environmental data from all sensors in a Site. It also shows if any device is active, inactive or has detected a fire.
The name of a Site can be changed as required. Also, settings can be changed, such as Metric/Imperial unit systems, date format and time format.
· The Dryad Deployment app is used to deploy Silvanet sensors and gateways in the planned location of these devices.
Site Management app
The Site Management app is used to plan deployments and to monitor the devices in the site. It is connected to the Silvanet Cloud which receives data from the sensors via Mesh Gateways and Border Gateways. This data is then displayed in the Site Management app.

Site Management app
A Site is the geographical area where a network of Silvanet sensors and gateways are deployed to monitor the forest. The Site Management app (dryad.app) displays all Sites

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that Dryad has created and administered for you. Using your username and password, you are granted access to all Sites to which you are registered.
Accessing Site Management
Accessing the Site Management app requires a user to be registered with Dryad. After registration, a registered user is provided with login credentials. The user enters their credentials in the log in page, then is required to change their password.
Info This section assumes you have been registered with Dryad and have access rights to the Site Management app. Contact Dryad if you have not received your access credentials.
To access the Site Management app: 1. Ensure you are a registered user with Dryad and have the required user credentials. 2. Go to dryad.app, then select Login.

Site Management login
3. In the Sign in form, enter your username and password provided to you by Dryad, then select Sign In.

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Enter your username and password to sign in
4. If this is your first log in, you are required to change your password. You cannot change your username.

Update password 5. After logging in, the Site Management Dashboard appears showing the Sites view.

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Site Management dashboard 6. All sites that you have access to are displayed on this page.
Views
The Site Management dashboard provides access to three view options: a Sites view, a Maps view and a Devices view.
Sites view
The Sites view displays all Sites that a user has rights to administer and manage. Selecting the name of a Site opens the Site Dashboard.

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Sites dashboard
The Site dashboard allows a user to drill down and view the current readings from a sensor, including Air Pressure (hPa), Temperature (°C), Humidity (%) and Air Quality. It also shows the current Energy Level of the sensor superconductors (%).

Sensor readings

Map view
The Map view provides a convenient view for selecting sites. If many sites are managed, this allows for a quick selection of the site based on a map location. Displaying a site
shows the status of each deployed device.

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Map view
The Map view also provides an overlay of temperatures sourced from Google Maps which shows areas of higher levels of fire risk.

Map View with fire risk overlay
Device view
The Device view provides a quick search function to find specific sensors or gateways using the device ID. Searches can be filtered by device or by site.

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Selecting a sensor displays in a sidebar the current data from the sensor. You can select a data time range showing values over 5, 7, 12 or a 24-hour timescale.

Device View
Change user settings
You can change the units displayed in the Site Management app, as well as the Date and Time formats.
To change user settings:
1. Hover over the login name on the upper right corner of the app to reveal a menu, then select Settings.

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2. Change settings as required.

User settings menu

User settings 3. Select the Dryad logo to return to the main dashboard.

Edit a Site name
If required, you can change the name of a Site. To edit a Site’s name: 1. From the Site Management homepage, select the Site ellipsis menu, then select Edit. 2. In the Edit Name field, rename the Site.

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3. Select Submit.
Silvanet Deployment App
The Silvanet Deployment app displays Packets assigned to users who use this app to locate the planned deployment location (GPS coordinates) of the sensors and gateways. Once located, the user scans the QR Code of the device into the app to provide the exact GPS coordinates (longitude and latitude) of the sensor or gateway in the app.
Info The Silvanet Deployment app is available on both Apple App Store and on Google Play.
To install the Deployment app: 1. Search for Dryad on your Smartphone’s App Store or Google Play.

Silvanet Deployment app 2. Install the app on your Smartphone. 3. Select Login to continue.
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Click Login 4. Enter your registered email address and password.

Enter login credentials 5. The Packets page appears listing Packets that have been assigned to you.

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Packets page
6. After opening a Packet and locating the deployment location, the forest worker adds the Device ID, GPS coordinates, notes and a picture of the device’s label in the app. These details are then saved to the Silvanet Cloud.

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Deployment planning
Deploying the Silvanet devices in a forest location require significant planning to achieve effective fire detection. Take time to read the topics in this section to learn how to plan your deployments of the Dryad Silvanet Suite.
Deployment guidelines
To plan for a successful deployment of the Dryad Wildfire Detection System, ensure the correct ratio of devices, determine sensor deployment density and carefully follow the Mesh Gateway and Border Gateway guidelines.
Device ratios / ranges
This section describes the ratios and ranges of Silvanet sensors, Mesh Gateways and Border Gateways in a typical Silvanet System deployment. Device ratios and ranges can be illustrated as follows:

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Device Ratios
A single Mesh Gateway can support up to 100 Sensors while a single Border Gateway can support up to 20 Mesh Gateways.
When planning Pilot or Live installations, we recommend the following ratios:

Devices

Ratio

Description

of sensors to Mesh Gateways

100:1

Sensors: Mesh Gateway

of Mesh Gateways to Border Gateways

20:1

Mesh Gateways: Border Gateways

Device ranges
When determining the location of devices in a site, ensure sensors and gateways are well within range for sending and receiving messages.

Info
Range values are dependent on the Site topology such as hills, valleys, density of trees and structures in the forest deployment locations.

Device ranges are listed in the following table.

Devices Border Gateway to Mesh Gateways Mesh Gateway to Mesh Gateway Sensor to Mesh Gateway Sensor gas detection

Range 2 km to 3 km 2 km to 3 km 1 km 80 m to 100 m

Sensor density
Sensor density is based on the level of human activity near a forest. This can include hiking paths, rail lines, roads, bridges, homes, or other locations where it is

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expected humans have interactions (or not) with a forested area. Density can be determined by Density values per hectare.

Deployment density example
Human activity level
When planning sensor deployments, the amount of human activity in an area determines the distances between sensors for that area:
· High human activity: 80-100m
Dense deployment of sensors in high-risk areas. In areas with increased human interaction, plan for a dense deployment of sensors. We recommend a short distance between sensors – approximately 80 to 100m between sensors.
· Low human activity: 400 to 500m
Sparse deployment of sensors in remote locations. In areas with little to no human activity, the distance between sensors can be increased to approximately 400 to 500m between sensors.
With this approach of variable density, the overall system cost can be reduced while maintaining an overall good wildfire detection time and rate.
Additionally, sensor deployment density determines location guidelines for Mesh Gateways and Border Gateways.

Density values per hectare
More than 80% of wildfires can be attributed to human activity, depending on the region. In remote areas, natural events such as lightning strikes usually cause wildfires.

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Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) is a location where “burnable structures are interspersed within wildland fuels”. A broader term is “Wildland Industrial Interface” where industrial infrastructure (such as roads, powerlines and railways) intermingles with wildland fuels (source: Canada Wildfire). WUI as defined by the United States Fire Administration:
The WUI is the zone of transition between unoccupied land and human development. It is the line, area or zone where structures and other human development meet or intermingle with undeveloped wildland or vegetative fuels.
Based on WUI, we recommend the following density values:
· Dense: 0.7 devices per hectare (0.7/ha).
Dense deployment of sensors next to roads, campsites or parking lots.
· Sparse: 0.1 devices per hectare (0.1/ha).
Sparse deployment of sensors in remote locations such as deep within forests.

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Mesh Gateway guidelines
Use the following guidelines when planning the deployment of Mesh Gateways in your Site.

Item

Guideline

Description

Device ratio

1 Mesh Gateway to 100 sensors

See Device ratios/ranges.

Location

Maximum 1 km radius from sensors

Place Mesh Gateways in locations that enable them to cover nearby sensors in a radius of approximately 1 km.

Range

Several kms distance from other Mesh Gateways/Border Gateways, depending on topology.

Mesh Gateways can communicate over longer ranges than sensors. Depending on the topology and type of forest, Mesh Gateways can communicate from 2 km to 3 km from other Mesh Gateways/Border Gateways

Sunlight

Install on a hillside or sunny location

Install Mesh Gateways on a hillside or sunny location. It needs to be installed facing the sun at 12:00 noon (northern or southern hemisphere). If installed ong a tree, it should not be covered by branches. To receive maximum sunlight, it is best installed on a pole, if possible.

Height on trees 3 m from forest floor

To protect the Mesh Gateway from human or animal interference and to give a better line of sight to other Getaways within range, install the device 3m above the forest floor.

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Border Gateway guidelines
When planning Border Gateway deployments, consider how you plan to provide the device with a reliable power supply and continuous access to the Internet. This section provides recommendations and types of deployment scenarios to assist you.
Planning guidelines
The LTE-M radio in the Border Gateway uses a reasonable amount of power so the power supply needs to be addressed when locating a site to mount the device. Ideally, it should be installed in a location with mains power.
Use the following guidelines when planning the deployment of Border Gateways in your Site.

Item

Guidelines

Description

Location

Several kms distance from Mesh Gateways, depending on topology

Place the Border Gateway in a location no more than 2-3 km from Mesh Gateways. Also, due to its connectivity to the internet, it requires more energy and the location should be chosen carefully. Ideally, it should be placed in a location with access to a reliable power supply (mains power) but it can also be powered by its pre-connected solar panel in off-grid locations.

Power supply

Reliable access to a power supply

Due to Internet connectivity and always-on requirements, the Border Gateway needs a reliable power supply. It can also be powered by its pre-connected solar panel in off-grid locations.

POE Requirements

Voltage range: 36V57V

The Border Gateway requires a PoE Injector (Adapter) that provides a voltage range of between 36V and 57V. The PoE must be IEEE 802.3af compliant. |

Solar panel deployment

Towards sun at 12:00 (northern or

The pre-connected solar panel acts as a backup to charge the device’s internal energy storage

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Item

Guidelines
southern hemisphere)

Description
(supercapacitors). If a loss of power occurs, the solar cell will keep the system running, thus keeping the Silvanet Network functioning. Select a location with direct sunlight (such as a hillside) and keep it free from branches that obscure direct sunlight. Ideally, it should be placed on a tree or pole away from other trees in the forest.

Internet connectivity

Use Ethernet for Internet connectivity (recommended)

The Border Gateway should be connected to the Internet using a fixed-Internet connection (Ethernet) but it can also be connected to the Internet using its built-in wireless connectivity (4G/LTE-M with 2G/GPRS fallback).

Maximize range

Place on a hillside to maximize range and sunlight (recommended)

The Border Gateway should be installed on a hill to maximize the range. If the Border Gateway is to be powered by solar, select a sunny location with direct sunlight. If it is installed on a tree, the solar panel should not be covered by branches.

Satellite connectivity

Provide a clear line of site for SWARM Satellite backup

For satellite connectivity, the Border Gateway provides a SWARM antenna to connect the Silvanet Network to the Internet. It therefore needs a clear line of sight to connect to a satellite.

Backup

Provide a backup Border Gateway (recommended)

For larger deployments (greater than 1000 sensors) provide a backup Border Gateway.

Deployment scenarios
Depending on the availability of electricity and Internet, the following sections describe the possible scenarios for Border Gateway deployments.

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Setup with a PoE-ready router
In a setup with a Power over Ethernet (PoE)-ready router, the Border Gateway obtains a power source from an Internet router that includes PoE. A separate PoE Injector is not needed.
This setup includes the following:
· Border Gateway connection: Connected to the router with a single Ethernet cable. · Router type: Cable or ADSL router that includes support for PoE

Feature
Internet connectivity
Power supply

Setup with a PoE-Ready Router
Description
The Border Gateway is connected to the Internet router using an Ethernet cable.
The Border Gateway uses the PoE and an Internet connection provided by the router. In this setup, a separate PoE Injector is not needed.

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Feature Backup

Description
In case of power failure or loss of Internet connectivity through Ethernet, the Border Gateway can use its built-in 4G/LTE-M (or 2G/GPRS) mobile radio or its SWARM Satellite connectivity. In case of a power failure, backup power is provided by the solar panel.

Setup with a router but does not support PoE
In a setup with a router that does not support PoE, the Border Gateway is connected to an Internet router such as a cable or ADSL router.
Note
The Border Gateway requires a PoE Injector (Adapter) that provides a voltage range of between 36V and 57V. The PoE must be IEEE 802.3af compliant.
This setup uses the following:
· Border Gateway connection: Connected to the LAN-port of the POE injector with an Ethernet cable
· PoE Injector: (PoE Adapter) plugged into a mains power supply. · Router: Connected to the LAN-port of the PoE Injector with an Ethernet cable.

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Feature

Setup with a Router (No PoE) Description

Internet connectivity

The Internet router connected to the PoE Injector to provide Internet connectivity.

Power supply

The PoE Injector plugged in to the mains provides the power supply for the Border Gateway.

Backup

In case of power failure or loss of Internet connectivity through Ethernet, the Border Gateway can use its built-in 4G/LTE-M (or 2G/GPRS) mobile radio or its SWARM Satellite connectivity. In case of a power failure, backup power is provided by the solar panel.

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Info
When using the built-in Ethernet connection, this setup is supported only in combination with a PoE Injector. The solar panel does not provide enough energy to support Ethernet connectivity of the border gateway.
Setup without router but with mains power
In this setup, the Border Gateway is deployed in a location without a fixed- line Internet connection (without a router) but does have mains power.
This setup uses the following devices:
· Border Gateway connection: Connected to the LAN port of the PoE Injector with an Ethernet cable.
· PoE Injector: Plugged into the mains power supply.

Setup without router but with mains power

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Feature

Description

Internet connectivity

Provided by the Border Gateway’s built-in 4G/LTE 2G/GPRS radio.

Power supply Powered by the PoE Injector plugged into a mains power supply.

Backup

In case of power failure or loss of Internet connectivity through Ethernet, the Border Gateway can use its built-in 4G/LTE-M (or 2G/GPRS) mobile radio or its SWARM Satellite connectivity. In case of a power failure, backup power is provided by the solar panel.

Setup without router and without mains power
Often Internet connectivity and a mains power source is unreliable in remote locations. Border Gateways deployed in these types of locations have neither fixed-line Internet connectivity or a reliable power supply. However, the Border Gateway can use its solar panel and a SWARM Satellite uplink to send Fire alert signals to the Silvanet Cloud.
This setup uses the following devices:
· Border Gateway: No connection to any router or mains power supply.

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Feature

Setup without router and without mains power Description

Internet connectivity

Provided by the Border Gateway’s built-in LTE-M 2G/GPRS mobile radio if a mobile tower is accessible. Otherwise, it uses a SWARM Satellite uplink.

Power supply

Powered by the solar panel which charges the Border Gateway’s internal energy storage. However, depending on the amount of sunlight, data transfer might be limited.

Backup

In case of power failure or loss of Internet connectivity through Ethernet, the Border Gateway can use its built-in 4G/LTE-M (or 2G/GPRS) mobile radio or its SWARM Satellite connectivity. In case of a power failure, backup power is provided by the solar panel.

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Backup setup
Normally, as a fallback, the Border Gateway supports several methods to ensure uninterrupted Internet connectivity:

Loss

Backup

Loss of mains power supply

The Border Gateway is connected to the Internet router using an Ethernet cable.

Loss of Internet connectivity (Ethernet)

Due to loss of power or network failure, the mobile data connection (4G/2G) is used.

Loss of Internet connectivity (Ethernet and Mobile)

SWARM satellite uplink functions as an emergency backup. In this situation, only Fire alarms are sent. As the system runs in power saving mode, no other sensor data can be transmitted.

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Backup setup
Warning
Should the installation location of the Border Gateway have neither a mains power supply nor access to a mobile network (LTE-M 2G/GPRS), the Border Gateway can still transmit minimal messages to the Swarm Satellite. However, messages are restricted to Fire Alerts only. This scenario is applicable, for example, where natural disasters like thunderstorms or earthquakes bring down Internet connectivity.

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Deployment types
Dryad recommends using two types of deployments to help you plan for and implement the Dryad Wildfire Detection System:
· Pilot Deployment: Consists of 400 sensors and a minimum of 6 Mesh Gateways and 1 Border Gateway. This type of deployment is used to validates the scalability of the Silvanet System in a realistic environment.
· Live Deployment: Result of a Pilot deployment is used to determine the required number of sensors and gateways to effectively cover the entire forest location of the Site.
Pilot deployments
A Pilot deployment validates the scalability of the Silvanet System in a realistic environment. 400 sensors and at least 6 Mesh and Border Gateways are used to monitor an area of about 400 to 500 hectares.
The following shows an example Pilot deployment with the Border Gateway on the edge of the forest and sensors connected via Mesh Gateways to the Border Gateway.

Example Pilot deployment
The Pilot Deployment typically includes the following devices with the required treenails and other accessories:
400 Silvanet sensors (installed using treenails or crop wire) 5 Silvanet Mesh Gateways (additional Mesh Gateways can be added depending on
topology)

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1 Silvanet Border Gateway (an additional Border Gateway is recommended for redundancy)

Guidelines
Use the following guidelines when planning Pilot deployments.

Guidelines Understand the terrain of the Site area Sensor spacing
Number of Mesh Gateways
Border Gateways requirements
Preparing a deployment plan

Description
As the Pilot uses Mesh Gateways, the deployment area can be hilly, rocky and beside roadways. However, we recommend line of sight between Mesh Gateways and Border Gateways.
Sensor spacing can be 80 to 100 m between the sensors. Additionally, the sensors can be temporarily attached to trees using crop wire rather than permanently using tree nails.
A Pilot deployment uses from 4 to 8 Mesh Gateways for an area of 400 to 500 hectares, depending on the terrain and RF signal propagation conditions. Hilly areas need more Mesh Gateways. Less dense and relatively level forest floors need less Mesh Gateways where 4 should be sufficient.
We recommend powering the Border Gateway using a reliable power supply and where it can have Ethernet Internet connectivity. It is also possible, but not recommended, to power the Border Gateway using only its solar panel.
Consider how the deployment teams must traverse the forest so they can efficiently use the time. With such a large deployment area, several teams of two workers may be required to deploy all the sensors. Ensure you prepare one site Packet per team, considering how the team must navigate through the forest. Ideally, create one Packet for one day’s worth of work for a single team.

Important

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To deploy 400 sensors and Gateways, a team of 2 people can deploy 20 to 50 devices a day. However, this depends entirely on the difficulty of the terrain and state of the forest floor. In general, deployment is achieved quicker when more teams are available to deploy the devices.

Live deployments
Large-scale Live deployment takes into consideration the results of a Pilot deployment which is used to determine the required number of sensors and gateways to effectively cover the entire deployment location.
Treenails are used to permanently attach the sensors to trees rather than crop wire.

Guidelines
The scale and scope of the deployment determine the planning parameters such as device location and targeted detection time:
The scale and scope of the deployment determine the planning parameters such as device location and targeted detection time.

Parameter Site dimensions
Human activity
Number of devices
Internet connectivity
Build and assign Packets

Description
How many hectares will be protected with the Silvanet System? This determines the number of devices to be deployed.
Does the area have a high density of human activity or is it a mixture of high- and low-density human activity? This determines the density of sensor deployments per area
How many sensors are required to cover the Site area and how many Mesh Gateways and Border Gateways would be needed? This is determined by the Site dimensions and human activity.
Does the Border Gateway have Ethernet connectivity or only LTE-M mobile connectivity? This determines the location of the Border Gateway in the Site.
Once these parameters have been determined, the Site Management app is used to plan the deployment and assign Packets for users to deploy the devices in the target area of a forest.

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Number of devices
When planning Live deployments, follow the guidelines for device ratios / ranges:
Number of Sensors to number of Mesh Gateways: 100 to 1 Number of Mesh Gateways to number of Border Gateways: 20 to 1
Density guidelines
Following the guidelines for sensor deployment density:
· Areas of high human activity, distance between sensors should be no further than 100 m between devices.
· Areas of low human activity, distance between sensors can be from 400 m to 500 m between devices.
Additionally, planning for large-scale deployments requires following the location guidelines for Mesh Gateways and the deployment setup of Border Gateways.

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Packet preparation
The Site Management app (dryad.app) provides a convenient way to plan the deployment locations of sensors and gateways. The result of this planning is a Site Packet.
Site Packets are prepared in the Silvanet Site Management app based on the Planning deployment guidelines and deployment types.
Once built, the new packet is assigned to a registered user who accesses this Packet in the Silvanet Deployment app installed on a Smartphone. The devices indicated in the Packet are then ready to be deployed in the locations set in the Packet.
Note
Several Packets can be created within each Site. Each Packet can consist of the devices expected to be deployed per day / per forest worker.
Preparing Site Packets involves the following steps:
1. Opening a Site in the Site Management app
2. Building a Packet of sensors and gateways and mapping the location of each device
3. Assigning Packets to registered users for deploying devices in the forest location
Info
A Packet defines the Silvanet sensors and gateways that are to be deployed in a Site. The Site Management app is used to build and assign Packets to registered users. It is also used to monitor the deployed sensors and gateways of the Site.

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Open a Site
The first step in preparing Site Packets is to select a Site from the Site Management app. To open a Site: 1. Log in to dryad.app. The Site Management app appears.

Site Management dashboard 2. From a Site, select the ellipsis menu on a Site, then select Open.

Open a Site
3. The Site’s dashboard appears. If devices have already been deployed to this Site, a map of the Site and the number of currently active gateways and sensors appears.

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Site dashboard 4. Select Planning to open the Packet planning page. Any existing Packets appear here.

Packet planning page 5. Begin building a Packet for the Site.

Info
Sites are currently added by Dryad internal Admins. In the future, a Site Admin will be allocated to specific users who will be able to create sites for clients and to create users.

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Build a Packet
After opening a Site in the Site Management app, begin planning the deployment of Silvanet devices. This is done by building one or more Packets that define the number and planned GPS coordinates (latitude and longitude) of Silvanet Sensors and Gateways to be deployed in a Site.
Tip You can create as many Packets as are required for the Site. For example, you can create several Packets for one day’s deployment for multiple teams.
Building a Packet involves the following steps: 1. Create a new Packet. 2. Use the Map tools to search for the Site location. 3. Add the required number of devices. 4. Place the device icons on the map to determine planned GPS coordinates. 5. Save the Packet.
Info This section assumes you have selected a Site from the Site Management homepage. For more information, see Opening Sites.
Guidelines
When building Packets, consider the following guidelines: · Human activity and Site topology to determine density of sensors in various parts of
the Site, as described in Sensor density. · Location of sensors in the WUI and in deep forests to determine the density value per
hectare, as described in Density value per hectare. · Ratio of sensors to Mesh Gateways / Border Gateways, as described in Ratios. · Distance between sensors and range between sensors and Gateways, as described in
Device ranges.

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Create a new Packet

To create a new Packet:
1. From the Site dashboard select Planning. The Packet planning page appears. Other Packets may appear on this page.

Packet planning page
2. Select Add Packet to begin building the Packet. The Packet building page appears with a default location shown in the map (if you allow the application to determine your location, otherwise no map appears).

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3. In the Search field enter a location to center the Map on the planned location for the deployments. Use the Map tools to zoom in or out on the location.

Search Site location 4. Enter a name for the Packet, then select Add devices to packet.

Enter Packet name
5. Select Save to save your changes to the Packet (you may need to scroll down to see the Save button).
6. Begin adding devices to the Packet. See the following sections for details.

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Note The order of adding devices to Packets is entirely arbitrary. The following example show Border Gateways added first but sensors could equally be added first.
Add Border Gateways
A deployment needs 1 Border Gateway for every 20 Mesh Gateways. We recommend a backup Border Gateway for larger deployments.
Choose amount of Border Gateways
To add one or more Border Gateway(s) to the Packet: 1. Ensure the map is centered on the deployment location. 2. Select Add devices to packet. 3. From the Device Type dropdown menu, Select Border Gateway. 4. Enter the amount of Border Gateways to add to the Packet, then select Add.

Add a Border Gateway to Packet
5. Select Save to save your changes to the Packet (you may need to scroll down to see the Save button).

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Note If the approximate location of the Border Gateway(s) is not known beforehand, you can save the Packet by selecting Save.
Determine Border Gateway GPS coordinates
Placing the Border Gateway on the map generates the GPS location for the device. To place a Border Gateway on the map: 1. Select the Border Gateway(s), then select Place on Map. 2. The Border Gateway appears on the map as an icon centered in the view. 3. Using drag and drop, move the Border Gateway icon to the approximate location of the
planned deployment. The GPS coordinates of the planned location appear next to the device in the list.
Tip You can switch to full screen mode to view a larger map when placing the Border Gateway.

Placing Border Gateway on the map
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4. Select Save to save your changes to the Packet (you may need to scroll down to see the Save button.
Add sensors
Before adding sensors, you need to know the number of sensors you plan to deploy. Consider deployment density when placing sensors on the map.
Choose amount of sensors
To add sensors to the Packet: 1. Ensure the map is centered on the deployment location. 2. Select Add devices to packet. 3. From the Device Type dropdown, select Sensor. 4. Enter the number of sensors to add to the Packet.

Adding sensors to Packet
Note If the approximate location of the sensors is not known beforehand, you can save the Packet by selecting Save.

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Determine sensor GPS coordinates

Placing sensors on the map generates the GPS location for each sensor. Ensure the map is centered on your Site location before continuing.
Note
Plan for sensors to be deployed away from paths and streets. Place the sensors a meter or so away from a path or street to prevent the device from damage due to vandalism.
To place the sensors on the map:
1. Select the sensors, then select Place on map. The sensors appear on the map centered in a default location. The current GPS coordinates of the sensors appear next to the devices.

Placing sensors on the map
2. Using drag and drop, arrange the sensors on the map according to sensor deployment guidelines.
Note
You can view the map in full screen mode for easier placement. Use the standard map tools to move around the map. Distances between devices appear when moving icons.

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Arranging sensors on the map 3. Select Save to save your changes to the Packet (you may need to scroll down to see
the Save button.
Add Mesh Gateways
A deployment needs 1 Mesh Gateway for every 100 sensors. More Mesh Gateways may be required depending on the topology of the forest.
Choose amount of Mesh Gateways
To add Mesh Gateway(s) to the Packet: 1. Ensure the map is centered on the deployment location. 2. Select Add devices to packet, 3. From the Device Type dropdown menu, select Mesh Gateway. 4. Enter the number of Mesh Gateways to add to the Packet.

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Add Mesh Gateways
Note If the approximate location of the Mesh Gateway(s) is not known beforehand, you can save the Packet by selecting Save.
Determine Mesh Gateway GPS coordinates
To place Mesh Gateways on the map: 1. Select the Mesh Gateways, then select Place on Map. 2. The Mesh Gateways appear on the map as icons. 3. Using drag and drop, arrange the Mesh Gateway icon(s) on the map according to
deployment guidelines.

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Placing Mesh Gateways 4. Select Save to save your changes to the Packet (you may need to scroll down to see
the Save button.
Finish up
With the devices added to the Packet and placed on the map, the packet needs to be assigned to a user. To finish up: 1. Once the Packet has been saved, select Back to return to the Packet Overview page.

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2. The Packet now needs to be assigned to a registered user of the Silvanet System.

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Assign Packets
Once a Packet has been built, the deployment of the devices in the forest is assigned to a registered user of the Deployment app. The assignment process delegates the deployment work to a specific person, such as a forest worker who will install the devices.
Important Before a Packet is assigned, the person who will deploy the devices needs to be registered with the Site Management app, preferably using their names. Contact Dryad for details.
To assign a Packet to a registered user:
1. In the Build Packet page, ensure the new Packet has been saved.
2. Select the Back button to return to the Packet Overview page.
3. Your new Packet appears in the list of Packets but is unassigned.

4. Select the Assign icon.

Packet finished

Assign button 5. The Assign dialog appears showing a list of registered users.
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6. Choose a user, then select Assign. 7. Packet information is now assigned to the user. 8. The new Packet now appears in the Silvanet Deployment app on the Smartphone of
the assigned user. 9. The Packet can now be used to deploy the devices in the Site’s forest locations.
Sensor GPS coordinate updates
If a sensor has been relocated (for example, moved to another tree), the new GPS coordinates (latitude and longitude) of the sensor need to be updated in the Site Management app. To update a sensor’s longitude and latitude values:

1. Using a Smartphone’s map app, find your current location. 2. Make a copy of your current latitude and longitude. 3. Open the Site in the Site Management app and click the Sensors tab in the Site
   Management dashboard. 4. Find the sensor that needs its coordinates updated.
2. Hover over the sensor name to display the options, then select Edit.

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Select sensor 6. In the Edit view, select the Location tab. 7. Enter the new latitude and longitude coordinates, then select Submit.
Update the latitude and longitude values for the device 8. The changes will be reflected in the Site dashboard.

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Device deployment
After building one or more Packets for a Site, the users assigned to the Packets can begin deploying the devices in the forest. The Silvanet Deployment app installed on a Smartphone is used to deploy the Silvanet devices.
We recommend creating a deployment plan before entering the forest based on the Packets that have been built. This means knowing where you plan on deploying the Border Gateway, the Mesh Gateways and the sensors.
Preparation guidelines
Before entering the forest to begin the deployment, prepare a plan to deploy the sensors in the forest. Prepare your walk through the forest beforehand to install the sensors in the most efficient manner.
Warning When installing the devices, always work in teams of at least two people when walking through the forest to locate the planned GPS coordinates of the devices and while using ladders to install devices on trees. Ensure the ladder is safely leaned against the tree and is stable. Have a helper securely hold the ladder.
Note Besides routine precautions when entering a forest, make sure that the battery of the used smartphone is fully charged (we recommend bringing a power bank).
Prepare a plan to deploy the sensors in the forest. Prepare your walk through the forest beforehand to install the sensors in the most efficient manner.

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Guideline
Smartphone
Install the Silvanet Deployment app.
Start the Dryad Deployment app while you have a good wireless connection.
Cache the Map page to the Deployment app
Ensure you have the correct number of devices.
Be prepared to install devices at the correct height and direction.

Description
Ensure you have a Smartphone fully charged with working GPS and a backup charger like a power bank.
Ensure you have installed on the Smartphone the Silvanet Deployment app and have one or more Packets assigned to you.
Before you enter the forest, ensure you have downloaded your assigned Packets to the Deployment App while you have good mobile connection. This allows the app’s local database to be updated with the device information such as GPS coordinates in your assigned Packets.
While connected to the mobile network, load the Map page to cache the map to ensure you have access to the Map view should a mobile connection become unavailable (offline usage).
Before going to the forest, ensure you have the correct number of devices, spacers, treenails and crop wire (if required) for deploying your Packet. Use a waterproof box with a handle to keep the devices safe and dry while in the forest.
All devices (sensors and gateways) must be installed at a correct height, which is at least 3 meters above the forest floor. They also need to face in a southerly direction for maximum irradiation on the solar panels. This means bringing a ladder high enough for this purpose.

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Required deployment tools
You may need one or more workboxes, depending on how many devices are planned for a day’s deployment.
You need a 16-foot (5 meter) ladder. A folding ladder makes carrying it through the forest easier.

16ft (5m) ladder
Use waterproof boxes for devices and tools. The following is an example good quality toolbox.

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Example waterproof toolbox
Use a waterproof toolbox for carrying sensors and the following for the sensors:
· Knife and shears (or snips) for cutting branches and crop wire (if required) · (optional) Crop wire for temporarily deploying devices · Bring several rolls of reflective bands, tape or some other method for identifying trees
with installed sensors.

Toolbox ready with (select) tools for deploying sensors
Use a second waterproof toolbox containing the following tools:
· Compass (analogue or digital) · Cordless drilling machine · 10 mm wood drill bit (an optional 6mm drill bit to begin drilling into hardwood trees) · Hammer · Pencil

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· 17mm wrench (for U-clamps) · Small Phillips screwdriver · Small axe
Tip When drilling into a hardwood tree, start with a smaller drill bit then drill the final hole with the 10mm drill bit. Also, ensure you are using a drill bit for wood.

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Navigating to Site location
After your preparations are ready to deploy a Packet’s devices, use the Silvanet Deployment app to navigate your way to the deployment area. To locate the deployment area of the forest: 1. Open the Silvanet Deployment app on your Smartphone. 2. In Your Packets, select the Packet that has been assigned to you.

Assigned Packets
3. The Packet shows the current task and list of devices. Expanding a device item shows the planned geographical coordinates for that device.

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List of sensors to be deployed
4. Scroll to the bottom of the list of devices and select Map to open the Map view. The Map view contains the planned position of every device in the map. Your current location appears on the map as a blue icon.

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Map view of planned deployment location
5. Find the planned GPS location (a tree) using the Map view. A 20m overlay appears around the planned location. You can locate an appropriate tree within this radius.

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Deployment location
6. Once you have found the location of the Site, you can now begin installing a sensor or gateway.

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Deployment guidelines
This section provides guidelines which you should follow when deploying sensors in a Site location.
Important
Read this section carefully to ensure you are deploying devices, including sensors, to achieve effective fire detection. Failure to follow these guidelines will result in the system not working as designed.

Warning AFTER SENSORS HAVE BEEN DEPLOYED, CALIBRATED AND SETTLED, DO NOT INTERACT WITH THE SENSORS AS THIS WILL CAUSE ERRORS WITH SENSOR VALUES AND COULD ALSO RESET THE SENSOR CALIBRATION. .
General guidelines
When planning sensor deployments, we recommend the following:

Item Location
Range

Guideline

Description

80 m to 100 m apart from other sensors

Install sensors to detect environmental air quality in a radius of 80 m to 100 m.

1 km from Mesh or Border Gateways

Install sensors no further than 1 km from either a Border Gateway or Mesh Gateway.

Sunlight
Height on trees

Install in the direction where the sun would be at 12:00 noon

Sensors need to be installed facing the sun at 12:00 noon (northern or southern hemisphere) to provide maximum exposure to sunlight (even in cloudy conditions).

3 m from forest floor

To protect the sensor from human or animal interference, install the device 3m above the forest floor.

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Item
Device ratio
Sensor deployment density

Guideline
100 sensors to 1 Mesh Gateway.
80m to 100m / 400m to 500m

Density values per hectare

0.7/ha to 0.1/ha

Description
See Device ratios/ranges.
Spacing between sensors should be 80 m to 100 m for areas of high human activity, 400 m to 500 m for areas of low human activity. See below for details.
Based on WUI (Wildland Urban Interface) we recommend 0.7/ha sensors for a dense WUI and 0.1/ha sensors for a sparse WUI. See below for details.

Sensor deployment guidelines

Guideline

Description

Bring sufficient sensors for a day’s work

Ensure you have brought sufficient sensors, treenails, spacers (and crop wire, if required) for the day’s installation plans.

Select a healthy tree on which to deploy the sensor

The assigned user locates a tree closest to the GPS coordinates set for a sensor using the Silvanet Deployment app. Also, ensure the tree is healthy and not likely to fall over or be harvested.

Sensor needs to be 3 m above the forest floor on the tree.

Dryad recommends installing the sensor on the tree approximately 3 meters above the level of the forest floor. At this height, the device is most sensitive to fire detection and it obtains an increased amount of light on its solar cell. Furthermore, at this height it avoids disturbances from most human and animal interactions.

Sensor should face towards the

The sensor needs to be oriented towards the direction of the sun (where it would be at 12:00 noon). Use a compass to

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Guideline
sun (at 12:00 noon).

Description
identify true South (in the northern hemisphere) or true North (in the southern hemisphere). This maximizes the amount of light that hits the solar panel.

Use the spacer to keep the sensor away from the tree bark.

A 2cm spacer is provided to deploy the sensor slightly away from the trunk of the tree. This avoids direct contact with the tree and allows tree sap to flow down the tree behind the sensor. The spacer also helps keep the sensor away from the moisture in the tree. Furthermore, the spacer allows the sensor to hang vertically rather than laying directly against the bark of the tree which could cause it to tilt at an angle. Also, hanging the sensor vertically improves the radio range of the device.

Mesh Gateway deployment guidelines

Guideline

Description

Unobstructed solar panel

The device has a large built-in solar panel to provide for the Mesh Gateway’s increase power requirements. However, the solar panel needs an unobstructed area to obtain sufficient sunlight to charge the device.

Direction towards sun at 12:00 noon

The Mesh Gateway needs to be oriented towards the direction of the sun (where it would be at 12:00 noon). Use a compass to identify true South (in the northern hemisphere) or true North (in the southern hemisphere). This maximizes the amount of light that hits the solar panel.

Install 3m above forest floor

If installed on a tree, install the Mesh Gateway at least 3 meters above the forest floor, depending on available sunlight in the location. At this height, the device has less interference from human or animal interactions.

Border Gateway deployment guidelines
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Guideline

Description

Ensure a reliable power source

The Border Gateway can obtain power from a mains power source, from PoE (Power over Ethernet) or from its solar panel.

Ethernet connectivity recommended

We recommend providing the device with access to Ethernet connectivity.

Deploy at edge of forest

Deploy the Border Gateway at the edge of a forest and, ideally, near a reliable power supply.

Install 3m above forest floor

Install the Border Gateway at least 3 meters above the forest floor, depending on available sunlight in the location. At this height, the device has less interference from human or animal interactions.

Needs clear line of site

Whether the Border Gateway is installed on a tree or a pole, it needs a clear line of sight to communicate via wireless mobile networks or satellite communication.

Solar panel provides backup power supply

To provide for a fallback power supply if a loss of power occurs, it uses the solar panel but it needs direct sunlight to maximize sunlight irradiation.

Clear access to sun for solar panel

The solar panel needs an unobstructed area to obtain sufficient sunlight to charge the device in case of mains power failure.

Solar panel directed towards the sun as 12:00 noon

Use a compass to identify true South (in the northern hemisphere) or true North (in the southern hemisphere). This maximizes the amount of light that hits the solar panel.

Device ID registration

Before deploying a device such as a sensor or gateway on a tree or pole, you first need to register the device ID with the Silvanet Cloud. This is done in the Silvanet Deployment app.

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Once the device ID is registered with the Silvanet Cloud, the device associated with the device ID is linked to the GPS location set during registration. Data from the sensor can then be sent via the Silvanet mesh network to the Border Gateways and forwarded on through an Internet connection to the Silvanet Cloud.
The device ID is provided on the back of every device as a QR code and as a text string.

Example sensor device ID
Note The example in this section uses sensors, but the same procedure is used to register device IDs for both Mesh Gateways and Border Gateways.
Register device ID using QR Code
To register a Silvanet device using the QR Code: 1. Login to the Dryad Deployment app using your account credentials. 2. Select the Packet assigned to you. A Packet showing Pending indicates the Packet has
not yet been deployed.

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Packets assigned to you
3. Open the Packet. The Packet overview page appears showing a list of sensors to be deployed.

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List of sensors to be deployed
4. Select the Map button to view the deployment plan.
5. Zoom into one of the sensor icons to find the planned location of a sensor. Your current location appears on the map as a blue icon. The following shows two rows of successfully installed sensors (on the left) and two rows of sensors to be installed (on the right).

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Map view of planned deployment location
Note Grey icons in the Map view indicate a sensor inactive. In this case, it has not been installed and is not yet synced with the Silvanet Cloud.
6. Move through the forest to the planned GPS location in the map view. A 20m overlay appears around the deployment location. Select an appropriate tree within this circle on which to install the sensor.

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Deployment location
7. Select Install to open the QR Code scanner. On the reverse side of the device is the device Id which is provided as a QR Code and in text form.
8. Focus the app on the QR Code on the device to automatically scan the Device ID. The Deployment app automatically fills in the sensor’s Latitude and Longitude using the Smartphone’s GPS location.

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QR code automatically scanned
Note If you do not know what a QR Code looks like, click Show me QR code.
9. After scanning in the QR code, add important information such as observations about the location of the sensor (located on a hillside, within shadow of a cliff, and so on) in the Notes field. Select the Camera icon to take a photo of the sensor ID.

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Installation complete
10. Select Save to complete the installation. The sensor icon on the Map view changes to yellow which indicates the sensor was successfully synced to the Silvanet Cloud.

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Successfully installed The Deployment app redirects to the Packet overview. The sensor can now be attached to the tree.
Register device ID manually
If scanning the QR Code cannot be done for any reason, you can manually add the Sensor ID to the Serial Number field. To manually enter the sensor ID: 1. On the Scan QR Code page, select Enter manually.

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Enter manually Sensor ID
2. Read the sensor ID on the back of the sensor and enter in the Serial Number field in the Install page that appears.

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Install page
Tip To easily copy the sensor ID, you can use a scan text app such as Google Lens. Copy the sensor ID, then paste the ID in the Serial Number field.

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Scan sensor ID
3. After scanning in the QR code, add important information such as observations about the location of the sensor (located on a hillside, within shadow of a cliff, and so on) in the Notes field. Select the Camera icon to take a photo of the sensor ID.

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Installation completed
4. Select Save to complete the installation. The sensor icon on the Map view changes to yellow which indicates the sensor was successfully synced to the Silvanet Cloud.

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Successfully installed
The Deployment app redirects to the Packet overview. The sensor can now be attached to the tree.

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Sensor deployment
Sensors are deployed based on GPS coordinates set in the Packet to determine their location in the Site. Afterwards, they can be “forgotten”. They do not need any further maintenance. Any software updates to the sensors are then done remotely.
Warning
AFTER SENSORS HAVE BEEN DEPLOYED, CALIBRATED AND SETTLED, DO NOT INTERACT WITH THE SENSORS AS THIS WILL CAUSE ERRORS WITH SENSOR VALUES AND COULD ALSO RESET THE SENSOR CALIBRATION. DRYAD STRONGLY ADVISES LEAVING THE SENSORS ALONE ONE THEY ARE DEPLOYED.

Guidelines
Guideline

Description

Bring sufficient sensors for a day’s work

Ensure you have brought sufficient sensors, treenails, spacers (and crop wire, if required) for the day’s installation plans.

Select a healthy tree on which to deploy the sensor

The assigned user locates a tree closest to the GPS coordinates set for a sensor using the Silvanet Deployment app. Also, ensure the tree is healthy an

References

• Wireless Headsets and Headphones for Office, Music & Sport | Jabra

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