BROOKFIELD CT3 Texture Analyzer Instruction Manual

: June 16, 2024
: BROOKFIELD

CT3 Texture Analyzer

Specifications

Model: CT3 Texture Analyzer
Manufacturer: Brookfield
Load Cell Ranges:
- CT3-100: 0.1kg or 100g
- CT3-1000: 1.0kg or 1000g
- CT3-1500: 1.5kg or 1500g
- CT3-4500: 4.5kg or 4500g
- CT3-10KG: 10.0kg
- CT3-25KG: 25kg
- CT3-50KG: 50kg

Components

CT3 Texture Analyzer Operating Manual
USB Cable
Power Cord (115 Volt or 230 Volt)
Probe Adapter M6 to M3 Threads
Optional Probe
Temperature Probe
Rotary Base Table
Fixture Base Table
Bloom Strip
Calibration Weight Set
Standard Probe Kit
TexturePro CT Software

Utilities

Input Voltage: 90-265 VAC
Input Frequency: 50/60 Hz
Power Consumption: 150 VA
Fuse: Two 4 amp, 5 x 20mm, Time-lag
Power Cord Color Code:
- United States: Black, White, Green
- Outside United States: Brown, Blue, Green/Yellow

Introduction

The CT3 Texture Analyzer is the most recent development of the
original Boucher Jelly Tester. It is designed to subject a sample
to controlled forces in compression using a probe or in tension
using grips. The resistance of the material to these forces is
measured by a calibrated load cell and shown in either grams or
Newtons. The CT3 Texture Analyzer offers seven load cell
ranges.

Usage Instructions

1. Components Check

Before starting, please check that you have received all
components and ensure that there is no damage. If any parts are
missing or damaged, notify AMETEK Brookfield or your local
authorized dealer immediately. Report any shipping damage to the
carrier.

2. Utilities Setup

Connect the CT3 Texture Analyzer to an appropriate power source
using the provided power cord. Make sure to match the input voltage
and frequency requirements. Refer to the power cord color code for
correct wiring.

3. Unit Selection

The CT3 Texture Analyzer uses the SI system of units for all
parameters.

4. Load Cell Selection

Select the appropriate load cell range for your specific
application. Refer to the specifications section for available load
cell ranges.

5. Sample Preparation

Prepare your sample according to the specific test method you
will be using. Ensure that the sample is properly positioned and
secured for testing.

6. Test Method Selection

Choose the desired test method based on your application. The
CT3 Texture Analyzer offers various test methods for different
types of samples. Refer to the CT3 Texture Analyzer Operating
Manual for detailed instructions on selecting and setting up the
test method.

7. Conducting the Test

Follow the step-by-step instructions provided in the CT3 Texture
Analyzer Operating Manual to conduct the test. This includes
attaching the probe or grips, setting the required parameters,
initiating the test, and recording the results.

8. Data Analysis

Once the test is completed, analyze the data using the
TexturePro CT Software. This software allows you to visualize and
interpret the results, generate reports, and perform further
analysis if needed.

FAQ

Q: What is the principle of operation of the CT3 Texture

Analyzer?

A: The CT3 Texture Analyzer subjects a sample to controlled
forces in compression using a probe or in tension using grips. The
resistance of the material to these forces is measured by a
calibrated load cell and shown in either grams or Newtons.

Q: What are the available load cell ranges for the CT3 Texture

Analyzer?

A: The CT3 Texture Analyzer offers seven load cell ranges:

CT3-100: 0.1kg or 100g
CT3-1000: 1.0kg or 1000g
CT3-1500: 1.5kg or 1500g
CT3-4500: 4.5kg or 4500g
CT3-10KG: 10.0kg
CT3-25KG: 25kg
CT3-50KG: 50kg

Q: How do I connect the CT3 Texture Analyzer to a power

source?

A: Use the provided power cord to connect the CT3 Texture
Analyzer to an appropriate power source. Make sure to match the
input voltage and frequency requirements. Refer to the power cord
color code for correct wiring.

CT3 TEXTURE ANALYZER Operating Instructions
Manual No. M08-372-G0318
INSTRUMENTATION & SPECIALTY CONTROLS DIVISION
11 Commerce Boulevard, Middleboro, MA 02302 USA Tel: 508-946-6200 or 800-628-8139 (USA excluding MA) Fax: 508-946-6262 Internet http://www.brookfieldengineering.com

Table of Contents
I. INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………………………………………………..5 I.1 Components………………………………………………………………………………………….5 I.2 Utilities ………………………………………………………………………………………………..6 I.3 Units ……………………………………………………………………………………………………6 I.4 Specifications ……………………………………………………………………………………….6 I.5 Installation ……………………………………………………………………………………………7 I.6 Safety Symbols and Precautions ……………………………………………………………..8 I.7 Key Functions ………………………………………………………………………………………9 I.8 Cleaning …………………………………………………………………………………………….11
II. QUICK START……………………………………………………………………………………………..12
III. OPERATION ………………………………………………………………………………………………..13 III.1 Principle……………………………………………………………………………………………..13 III.2 Emergency Stop…………………………………………………………………………………..13 III.3 Base Table…………………………………………………………………………………………..14 III.4 Probes ………………………………………………………………………………………………..15 III.5 Fixtures ………………………………………………………………………………………………15 III.6 Operating Menu …………………………………………………………………………………..15 III.7 Running A Test ……………………………………………………………………………………17 NORMAL Test ……………………………………………………………………………………18 HOLD TIME Test ……………………………………………………………………………….19 CYCLE COUNT Test ………………………………………………………………………….20 BLOOM Test ………………………………………………………………………………………21 TPA Test …………………………………………………………………………………………….22 TENSION Test ……………………………………………………………………………………23 TARGET HOLD-TO-LOAD Test………………………………………………………….24 SURIMI Test ………………………………………………………………………………………28 III.8 Global Parameters…………………………………………………………………………………29 III.9 Probe Pre- positioning ……………………………………………………………………………30 III.9.1 NORMAL mode Pre- positioning ………………………………………………..30 III.9.2 HOLD TIME mode Pre-positioning ……………………………………………31 III.9.3 CYCLE COUNT mode Pre-positioning ………………………………………32 III.9.4 BLOOM mode Pre-positioning …………………………………………………..32 III.9.5 TPA mode Pre-positioning …………………………………………………………32 III.9.6 TENSION mode Pre-positioning ………………………………………………..33 III.10 Texture Loader Software ……………………………………………………………………..33 III.11 Checking Calibration …………………………………………………………………………..33

IV. TEST METHOD DEVELOPMENT…………………………………………………………………36 IV.1 Sample Preparation ……………………………………………………………………………….36 IV.2 Test Probe / Fixture ……………………………………………………………………………….36 IV.3 Test Parameters …………………………………………………………………………………….37 IV.4 Recommendations…………………………………………………………………………………37
V. APPLICATIONS……………………………………………………………………………………………38 V.1 Comparison of Low Fat and Virtually Fat Free Yogurt Consistencies……………38 V.2 A Comparison of the Textural Characterstics of Biscuits (Cookies)………………41 V.3 Review of Solid Chocolate at Ambient Temperature …………………………………..43
Appendix A – Probes, Fixtures, Calibration Accessories and Gelatin Accessories ………46 Appendix B – Troubleshooting …………………………………………………………………………….58 Appendix C – Texture Loader Programming………………………………………………………….59 Appendix D – CT3 to Computer Command Set ……………………………………………………..61 Appendix E – Online Help and Additional Resources……………………………………………..62 Appendix F – Warranty and Repair Service …………………………………………………………..63

I. INTRODUCTION

The CT3 Texture Analyzer is the most recent development of the original Boucher Jelly Tester. The original product was created as the Stevens Texturemeter and evolved into the CNS Farnell LFRA TA (Leatherhead Food Research Association Texture Analyzer). Brookfield first enhanced the design of the LFRA, maintaining the characteristics of the original equipment, while expanding its measurement capabilities and ease of use by incorporating modern digital technology.

The CT3 Texture Analyzer is the third generation of this venerable product with the following new additions: tension test capability, hold-to-load test, increased load cell options – 25 kg and 50 kg, space for large samples, multiple options for sample tables on the instrument and additional new accessories for increased flexibility in materials testing.. The main objective is to characterize your samples in a way that best represents their perception by human senses. This is the essence of texture analysis.

The principle of operation of the CT3 Texture Analyzer is to subject a sample to controlled forces in compression using a probe, or in tension using grips. The resistance of the material to these forces is measured by a calibrated load cell and shown in either grams or Newtons. These forces are a function of the properties of the sample and the parameters of the test method.

There are seven load cell ranges available for the CT3 Texture Analyzer offered by Brookfield:

Model CT3-100 CT3-1000 CT3-1500 CT3-4500 CT3-10KG CT3-25KG CT3-50KG

Load Cell Range 0.1kg or 100g 1.0kg or 1000g 1.5kg or 1500g 4.5kg or 4500g 10.0kg 25kg 50kg

I.1 Components

Please check to be sure that you have received all components, and that there is no damage. If you are missing any parts, please notify AMETEK Brookfield or your local authorized dealer immediately. Any shipping damage must be reported to the carrier.

Component
CT3 Texture Analyzer Operating Manual USB Cable Power Cord
115 Volt or 230 Volt

Part Number varies
M08-372 DVP-202
DVP-65 DVP-66

Quantity
1 1 1 1 1

Probe Adapter M6 to M3 Threads
Optional Probe Temperature Probe Rotary Base Table Fixture Base Table Bloom Strip
Calibration Weight Set Standard Probe Kit

TA51
varies DVP-94Y TA-RT-KIT TA-BT-KIT CT3-CS-100 or CT3-CS-1000 varies by load cell TA-P-KIT2

1
per order 1 1 1 1
1 1

AMETEK Brookfield

Page 5

Manual No. M08-372-G0318 Rev. 2.0

TexturePro CT Software

TA-CT-PRO

NOTE: Optional components may include probes or fixtures. See Appendix A for details.

I.2 Utilities

Input Voltage: Input Frequency: Power Consumption: Fuse:
Power Cord Color Code:
Hot (live) Neutral Ground (earth)

90-265 VAC 50/60 Hz 150 VA Two 4 amp, 5 x 20mm, Time-lag

United States Black White Green

Outside United States Brown Blue Green/Yellow

Main supply voltage fluctuations are not to exceed ±10% of the nominal supply voltage.

I.3 Units

The CT3 Texture Analyzer uses the SI system of units for all parameters.

Parameter Load Deformation Time Speed Work

Unit Grams or Newtons Millimeter Seconds Millimeter per second MilliJoules

Abbreviation g or N mm s mm/s mJ

I.4 Specifications

Load:

Model CT3-100 CT3-1000 CT3-1500 CT3-4500 CT3-10KG CT3-25KG CT3-50KG

Range
Grams 0-100 0-1000 0-1500 0-4500 1-10000 2-25000 5-50000

Resolution
Grams 0.01 0.10 0.20 0.50 1.0 2.0 5.0

Accuracy* ±0.5%FSR ±0.5%FSR ±0.5%FSR ±0.5%FSR ±0.5%FSR ±0.5%FSR ±0.5%FSR

FSR = Full Scale Range *This value applies to the full range of operating temperatures as defined later in this section under Environmental Conditions. Accuracy is 0.1%FSR, when the instrument is operated in a stable ambient temperature (20°C – 25°C).

AMETEK Brookfield

Page 6

Manual No. M08-372-G0318 Rev. 2.0

Trigger Point:
Model CT3-100 CT3-1000 CT3-1500 CT3-4500 CT3-10KG CT3-25KG CT3-50KG

Range Grams 0.1-10 0.2-100 0.2-150 0.5-500 1-1000 2-2500 5-5000

Resolution Grams 0.01 0.10 0.2 0.5 1.0 2.0 5.0

Recommended trigger value settings are given in Table II.1.

NOTE: Setting a trigger value of zero disables trigger function so test will immediately start from current position.

Speed: 0.01 to 0.1 mm/s in increments of 0.01 mm/s
0.1 to 10 mm/s in increments of 0.1 mm/s Accuracy: ±0.1% of set speed

Position:

Range: 0-101.6 mm Resolution: 0.1mm Accuracy: 0.1mm

Increments for changing test speed using the Select/Scroll knob can be switched between 0.1mm/s and 1.0mm/s by depressing Reset/Stop button.

Temperature:

-20°C to 120°C (Requires optional probe, DVP-94Y)

Output:

RS232 Compatible Serial Port, USB Port

Environmental Conditions:

0°C to 40°C temperature range (41°F to 104°F) 20% – 80% relative humidity, non-condensing atmosphere

Use:

Intended for indoor use only

Altitude: up to 2000m

Dimensions:

10.5″ x 10.5″ x 24″

Weight:

37 lbs. (16.8 kg)

I.5 Installation

Prepare a clean, level surface.

NOTE: This instrument is a sensitive force measuring device. It should be installed on a clean, solid, level bench surface which is free from external vibrations.

Unpack and remove the CT3 Texture Analyzer from the shipping container.

The CT3 Texture Analyzer weighs 16.8 kg (37 pounds). Use caution when lifting the unit out of the packaging.

AMETEK Brookfield

Page 7

Manual No. M08-372-G0318 Rev. 2.0

Place the CT3 Texture Analyzer on a sturdy, level surface. Adjust the four feet to ensure that the instrument is stable.
Remove any additional components from the shipping package. Save the shipping container
and packaging for future use.
Install base table using the supplied pair of T-bolts and thumbscrews. Position the base
table so that it is approximately centered under the probe. More accurate alignment may be required for certain fixtures.
Make sure that the AC power switch at the rear of the CT3 Texture Analyzer is in the OFF

l o

on off

position. Connect the power cord to the socket on the back panel of the instrument and plug it into the appropriate AC line. Position instrument so that the power cord can be removed easily.

The AC input voltage and frequency must be within the appropriate range as shown on the model and serial tag of the instrument (located on the back of the CT3).

The CT3 Texture Analyzer must be earth grounded to ensure against electronic failure!

If appropriate, connect communication cable which is supplied with Texture Loader software to the appropriate port for connection to a computer.
Turn the power switch to the ON position. The startup screen will indicate the firmware version and load range of the CT3 (Figure I.1).
CT3 VERSION X.X TEXTURE ANALYZER
XXXX GRAM UNIT INITIALIZING Figure I.1
Allow the instrument to warm up for 10 minutes.
If desired, check calibration according to Section III.9.

I.6 Safety Symbols and Precautions
Safety Symbols
The following explains safety symbols which may be found in this operating manual, or on the instrument itself.

Indicates hazardous voltages may be present.

Refer to the manual in all cases where this symbol is evident. Used for specific warning or caution information to avoid personal injury or damage to the instrument.

AMETEK Brookfield

Page 8

Manual No. M08-372-G0318 Rev. 2.0

Keep hands, fingers and other body parts clear of moving parts when operating instrument.

Functional Earth Terminal – Main power entry module must have an earth conductor.
Precautions
If this instrument is used in a manner not specified by the manufacturer, the protection provided by the instrument may be impaired.
This instrument is not intended for use in a potentially hazardous environment.
In case of emergency, turn off the instrument and then disconnect the electrical cord from the wall outlet.
The user should ensure that the substances placed under test do not release poisonous, toxic or flammable gases or liquids at the temperatures which they are subjected to during the testing.

I.7 Key Functions

The CT3 Texture Analyzer is operated through two keys and a knob located on the keypad. Additionally, there is an emergency stop button located above the base and to the right of the
probe rod.

CT3 TEXTURE ANALYZER

Display

Reset Stop

BROOKFIELD

Select/Scroll Start

Probe Adapter

Emergency Stop

AMETEK Brookfield

Figure I.2
Page 9

Manual No. M08-372-G0318 Rev. 2.0

RESET / STOP
This key is used to stop a test in progress and return to starting position. This button will also toggle test speed selections between 0.1mm/ss and 1.0mm/s as the Select/Scroll knob is rotated.
START
This key is used to start the test. During the descent of the probe, prior to the trigger point, this key can be used to accelerate the rate of descent.
SELECT / SCROLL (see section III.6)
This knob has multiple functions: 1. The knob is pressed to select the option currently highlighted. 2. The knob is rotated to change the value of the parameter being selected. 3. During a test, pressing this knob will display test parameters. 4. Holding knob depressed while turning on power will switch the load display units
between grams and Newtons. 5. Pressing and holding down the knob will move the probe downward continuously
until you reach the desired setup position.
EMERGENCY STOP
This button is used to abort a test in case of an emergency condition.
BACK PANEL

USB Type B Port 2) RS-232 Serial Port
Temperature Probe Plug

AMETEK Brookfield

Power Entry Module Power ON/OFF Switch

Figure I.3

Page 10

Manual No. M08-372-G0318 Rev. 2.0

USB TYPE B PORT Use with USB Cable P/N DVP-202 to connect instrument to a computer. Cable USB 2.0 A Male to B Male. See Appendix D, (CT3 to Computer Command Set)
RS-232 Serial Port Use with RS-232 Cable P/N DVP-80 to connect instrument to a computer. See Appendix D, (CT3 to Computer Command Set).
Temperature Probe Plug – 4 pin plug. Use with Temperature Probe P/N DVP-94Y
Power Entry Module: ON/OFF switch-fused (see I.2 Utilities). Voltage: 90-265 VAC

I.8 Cleaning Instrument and Keypad: Probes and Fixtures:

Clean with a dry, nonabrasive cloth. Do not use solvents or cleaners.
Probes and fixtures are made from a variety of materials from metals (stainless steel, aluminum) to plastics (acrylic, Black Delrin, Nylon). Clean with a nonabrasive cloth using solvents that are appropriate for both the sample material and the material of the probe and/or fixture.

Do not apply excessive upward, downward or sideways force to probe while fixed to CT3. Damage may occur to the load cell.

AMETEK Brookfield

Page 11

Manual No. M08-372-G0318 Rev. 2.0

II. QUICK START

1. Unpack the instrument according to Section I.5.
2. Install base table in accordance with the instruction sheet that is enclosed with the base table. Place the sample on the base table. Adjust the table height so that the surface of the sample is within 5 mm of the probe.
3. Attach the selected probe. See Section IV.2 for more information.
4. Set the test mode to Normal. Please review Section III.6 for detailed explanation of operation of Select/Scroll knob.
5. Set the trigger value as recommended below.

Load Cell
100g 1000g 1500g 4500g 10kg 25kg 50kg

Recommended Minimum Trigger Value
0.5g 2g 3g 4.5g 10g 25g 50g

Table II.1 6. Set the test speed and distance. See Section IV.3 for more information. 7. Press the START button. The weight of the probe will autozero and then the test will start. 8. Record all test results. 9. Remove sample and clean the probe.

AMETEK Brookfield

Page 12

Manual No. M08-372-G0318 Rev. 2.0

III. OPERATION
III.1 Principle
The Brookfield CT3 Texture Analyzer can be operated in either compression or tension modes.
In compression mode, a probe moves down slowly at pretest speed until a threshold value (the trigger) is reached. The probe then moves a set distance at a set speed into the sample material that is placed (or fixed) on the base table. The load is continuously monitored as a function of both time and distance until the probe again returns to its starting position.
In tension mode, the sample is typically held between a pair of grips. The test starts when the trigger load is reached as the grips move apart. The load resistance as the sample is stretched or pulled apart is recorded as a function of both time and distance.

III.2 Emergency Stop
The CT3 Texture Analyzer can operate with up to 50,000g (50kg) of force dependent on load cell. Be sure to place only the sample for test under the probe.
Keep body parts and clothing away from the probe during the test.
The CT3 Texture Analyzer uses controlled forces to evaluate a material. The user must take care not to place any body part or clothing in the testing zone while the machine is moving. The CT3 Texture Analyzer is provided with an Emergency Stop Button (see Figure I.2) for use in case of an operational problem.
Pressing the Emergency Stop Button will cause different immediate actions depending upon the type of test in use.
Compression: Pressing Emergency Stop Button during a compression test will:

Stop the test in progress and display emergency stop screen.

EMERGENCY STOP RESET EMERGENCY STOP

Figure III.1
2) The probe immediately returns to the home position. 3) The Emergency Stop condition can be canceled by rotating the Emergency Stop Button
clockwise. This will reset the CT3 firmware to the power up condition.
Tension: Pressing Emergency Stop Button during a tension test will:

Immediately stop probe movement and display the emergency stop screen.

AMETEK Brookfield

Page 13

Manual No. M08-372-G0318 Rev. 2.0

Probe returns to test start position, after resetting the emergency stop.
A sequence of menus then leads user back to the home position.
III.3 Base Table
The CT3 Texture Analyzer offers two options for Base Tables on which the test sample is placed. Both tables should be secured to the slotted base of the CT3 with thumbscrews and T-bolts. This design provides ample adjustment side-to- side and front-to-back to correctly align fixtures and position a wide range of samples for testing.
NOTE: Always be sure all position and height adjustments are securely locked before starting every test.

Fixture Base Table (TA-RT-KIT) FIne Adjustment Knob
Locking Knob

Fixture Base Table (TA-BT-KIT)

Figure III.2
See Appendix A for fixtures which can be used with each Base Table.
Rotary Base Table The Rotary Base Table (P/N TA-RT-KIT) is a disc shaped surface and should always be centered under the probe when conducting compression tests. There are two methods of adjusting the height in order to place the sample close to the probe for testing. The locking knob on the base of the Rotary Table allows quick height adjustment; just unlock the knob, raise or lower the table, then lock it into position. The table is also mounted on a threaded shaft held securely with a fine adjustment nut. Unlocking the fine adjustment nut and rotating the table will raise or lower the test surface to give even more range to the height adjustment.

AMETEK Brookfield

Page 14

Manual No. M08-372-G0318 Rev. 2.0

Always hold the Rotary Base Table with one hand while loosening the Locking Knob. This will prevent the Rotary Base Table from falling abruptly to the CT3 housing. Keep fingers away from the Fine Adjust Nut when lowering the Rotary Base Table to prevent a pinch injury.
Fixture Base Table The Fixture Base Table (P/N TA-BT-KIT) is a rectangular test surface with a removable center. Many of the test fixtures fit into this center area so this table becomes the mounting base for these sample test fixtures. The Fixture Base Table is supplied with a variety of extension legs to set the test surface at the correct height for all accessory fixtures. Some disassembly is required to add or remove extension legs by loosening the Phillips head bolts in the underside of the base table.
III.4 Probes
There are a wide range of probes available for use with the CT3 Texture Analyzer as described in Appendix A. One should always be aware that the probe chosen will have an impact upon the test result. Choice of a probe must be made with consideration toward the purpose of the test and the nature of the sample.
The probes may be cleaned while attached to the CT3. Follow recommendations in Section I.8.
Always attach probes only finger tight to prevent thread damage. Do not apply excessive upward, downward or sideways force. Damage may occur to the load cell.
Inspect a probe before use for any damage and always handle them carefully as some have sharp points or edges. Most probes require the TA51 thread adapter to attach to the CT3. This adapter is installed at the factory before your instrument was shipped. A few probes and most accessory fixtures require removal of the probe adapter. Keep it in a safe place as it is needed for most probes.
III.5 Fixtures
There are a range of fixtures available for use with the CT3 Texture Analyzer as described in Appendix A. These devices are designed to hold a sample in place during measurement. Each fixture is designed to attach to either the Rotary Base or Fixture Base Table. Refer to the instructions provided with the fixture for proper installation.
NOTE: Brookfield can design custom fixtures to meet your application. Contact AMETEK Brookfield or your local authorized dealer for details.

AMETEK Brookfield

Page 15

Manual No. M08-372-G0318 Rev. 2.0

III.6 Operating Menu

The CT3 Texture Analyzer offers seven test modes, one calibration mode and one parameter selection table.
Normal single compression cycle. Hold Time compress and hold. Cycle Count compress sample several times. Bloom compression test measures gelatin bloom strength; requires 1000 g or 1500 g load cell. TPA two cycle Texture Profile Analysis compression test. Tension pulls apart a sample using tensile force. Hold to Load applies constant force on a sample. Static Load monitors load while hanging weights for calibration. Global Parameter allows setting pretest speed, post test speed and temperature units.
Each test mode requires parameters to be set. All test mode selection and parameter setting is done using the Select/Scroll knob (see Figure I.2). This knob is both rotated and depressed during operation.

NOTE: When setting the test speed, pressing the RESET button will toggle the increments from 0.1mm/s to 1mm/s.

The specific parameters required will depend upon the type of test chosen:

Normal Test Requires:

trigger, deformation, speed

Hold Time Test Requires: hold time, trigger, deformation, speed

Cycle Count Test Requires: cycle count, trigger, deformation, speed

Bloom Test Requires:

All parameters are fixed according to industry standard

TPA Test Requires:

trigger, deformation, speed

Tension Test Requires:

trigger, deformation, speed

Hold to Load Test Requires: target hold trigger, target load, speed

Static Load Test Requires: none

Global Parameters:

pretest speed, post test speed, temperature units

These parameters, once set, will be maintained by the CT3 even after power down to facilitate repetitive testing. The test mode used prior to powering down will be presented on the screen at the next power up. A test is started by depressing the start button.

The test parameters are defined as follows:

Trigger:

The load, in grams, measured by the CT3 to indicate that the probe is in contact

with the sample. Once the trigger value is reached, the test will begin at the defined

speed. Brookfield recommends trigger values as specified in Table II.1 Setting

trigger value to zero disables trigger function so test will immediately start

from current position.

Deformation: The total downward distance the probe will travel once the trigger value is reached.

Speed:

The speed at which the probe will travel the specified distance.

Time:

The number of seconds that the probe will be held at the defined distance during

a Hold Time test.

Count:

The number of cycles (Speed and Distance) that will be applied to the sample

during a Cycle Count test.

Correction: Specifies the size of the load drop, in grams, that is required to recognize a gel

rupture.

AMETEK Brookfield

Page 16

Manual No. M08-372-G0318 Rev. 2.0

All parameters can be set within the ranges shown in Table III.1.

Parameter

100g

1000g

Load Cell Range

1500g

4500g

10kg

25kg

50kg

Trigger*

0.1 10g

Deformation (mm) 0.1 101.6

Speed (mm/s) 0.01 10

Hold Time

0 9999 s

Cycle Count

0 99

Correction

5 99

0.1 100g 0.1 101.6 0.01 10 0 9999 s 0 99 5 99

0.2 150g 0.1 101.6 0.01 10 0 9999 s 0 99 5 99

0.5 500g 0.1 101.6 0.01 10 0 9999 s 0 99 5 99

1-1000g 0.1 101.6 0.01 10 0 9999 s 0 99 N/A

2-2500g 0.1 101.6 0.01 10 0 9999 s 0 99 N/A

5-5000g 0.1 101.6 0.01 10 0 9999 s 0 99 N/A

Minimum recommended values for trigger are shown in Table II.1. Table III.1

Define a test by first selecting a test mode. Rotate the Select/Scroll knob until the required test mode is displayed, then press the Select/Scroll knob to confirm your choice. As the test modes are displayed, the parameters specific to that mode will be shown with the previously selected parameters.
Once a test mode is selected, the cursor will move to the first parameter. You may either select that parameter to enter new values by pressing the Select / Scroll knob or you may scroll to the next parameter by rotating the Select / Scroll knob.
Data entry is accomplished by setting each digit individually. For example: to set a value of 57.0 as the target distance, rotate the Select / Scroll Knob until the “D” in “Distance” is blinking. Depress the Select / Scroll knob to get to the tens digit, then rotate the knob to the value 5. Depress the Select / Scroll knob again to get to the ones digit, then rotate the knob to the value 7. Depress the Select / Scroll knob to get to the tenths digit, and depress it again to leave the value at 0.
A data entry of zero in all columns for any parameter will result in that parameter being reset to the previous value. Pressing the Select / Scroll knob without first rotating it during the data entry process will result in a zero being placed in that column. This can expedite the entry of Trigger values since in most cases the first one or two columns will be zero (004.0 grams).
When the operator is actively editing TRIGGER, DEFORMATION, TIME or LOAD, pressing the STOP button erases the digit over which the cursor is positioned to the left. The erased digit is replaced with an underscore and normal data field editing resumes (i.e. rotary action of the know changes the digit value; pressing SELECT accepts the data entry and advances the cursor to the right). The STOP button performs no action when the cursor is positioned to the left most digit. Edited values are not changed in memory until the last digit is entered. When not editing TRIGGER, DEFORMATION, TIME or LOAD, the STOP button can toggle the speed selection increment between 0.1 mm/sec and 1.0 mm/sec.

Display Conventions

The CT3 display contains four lines, but some result screens contain additional lines of information.

In order to show knob. Scrollable

mscorereenthsaanrefoiduernlitnifeiesdofbyintfhoermatisoynm, sbcorleseinns

are the

allowed to scroll using the Scroll upper right corner of the display.

Whenever these symbols appear, the display can be scrolled up or down as indicated to show the

lines above or below those presently displayed. In the following section describing test modes, all

possible displays are shown. For those having more than four lines, the additional lines are shown

in grey text as seen in Figure III.3.

AMETEK Brookfield

Page 17

Manual No. M08-372-G0318 Rev. 2.0

HARDNESS1: XXXX.X g

HARDNESS2: XXXX.X g

COHESIVENESS: XXX.XX

SPRINGINESS: XX.X mm

ADHESION:

XX.X mJ

TEMP:

XXX.X F

Force shown in grams

HARDNESS1: XXXX.X N

HARDNESS2: XXXX.X N

COHESIVENESS: XXX.XX

SPRINGINESS: XX.X mm

ADHESION:

XX.X mJ

TEMP:

XXX.X C

Force shown in Newtons Figure III.3

III.7 Running A Test
A test is initiated by depressing the start button. The operator is reminded to attach a probe. The pre-positioning screen is displayed after the ATTACH PROBE screen. The probe can be moved downwards or upwards by rotating the Select Knob. Pressing the Select Knob causes the probe to continuously descend. The display shows theposition of the probe as a deviation from the HOME (0.0 mm) position. Press start again to zero the weight of the probe and begin the test.

ATTACH PROBE * PRESS START TO CONTINUE
Figure III.4
Depressing the Select/Scroll knob at any time during the test, or even while test results are displayed, will show the current test parameters. At the completion of the test, the final results will be displayed until the start button or reset button is pressed. The reset button will return the instrument to the default display where the test mode may be selected. The start button will begin the same test again.
A test may be repeated simply by depressing the start button while viewing test results.
The test may be stopped at any time by using the stop/reset button or by pressing the emergency stop button. We recommend that the stop/reset button be used for normal operation. The emergency top is intended for emergency use only.
It may happen that the instrument overloads during a test. This will happen if the load exceeds 120% of the load cell capacity. When an overload condition occurs the display will show the following:
TEST TERMINATED MAXIMUM LOAD REACHED PRESS RESET FOR MENU
Figure III.5 Depressing the reset button will return to the test mode menu. Correct the reason for the overload and retest.

AMETEK Brookfield

Page 18

Manual No. M08-372-G0318 Rev. 2.0

NORMAL TEST performs a single compression of the sample then immediately returns to HOME starting position.

The operator sets the trigger value, target deformation (travel distance into the sample) and the test speed using the Normal menu screen:

TEST: NORMAL

TRIGGER:

XXX.X g

DEFORMATION:XXX.X mm

SPEED:

X.XX mm /s

Figure III.6

A normal test performs a single compression cycle when the operator depresses the start button. Beginning at the position where the trigger load is measured, the probe descends at the programmed test speed to the target deformation, then returns immediately to home/starting position. Return travel speed is 4.5mm/s. During the test the running screen is seen as shown below:

TEST: NORMAL

DEFORMATION:XXX.X mm

LOAD:

XXXX.X g

Figure III.7 Deformation and Load will remain live displays during the test. Test results are shown on the reporting screen:

PEAK LOAD: XXXX.X g

DEF@PEAK: XXX.X mm

WORK:

XXXX.X mJ

FINAL LOAD: XXXX.X g

TEMP:

XXX.X F

Figure III.8

Peak load is reported as the maximum measured load during the test.

Deformation at peak is the distance to which the sample was compressed when the peak load occurred.

Work is defined as the energy required to deform a sample. It is calculated by measuring the force vs. distance to compress or pull apart the sample. Work done is reported in milli-Joules.

Final load is the load at maximum deformation or final distance. Often the peak load and final load will be the same value.

A new feature is the display of adhesive force and adhesiveness in the NORMAL mode. The POST SPEED of the probe will be the GLOBAL post speed value.

Adhesiveness and Adhesive Force – These values are measured as the energy and force required to separate a probe from the sample on the return stroke.

NORMAL mode Final screen – After the probe has returned to the START position, the display will show the test results for ADHESIVE FORCE and ADHESION (ADHESIVENESS). Since

AMETEK Brookfield

Page 19

Manual No. M08-372-G0318 Rev. 2.0

only four lines are available on the display, rotate the Select Knob to scroll down to observe the added parameters as shown in the following figure.

PEAK LOAD: 234.0 g

DEF@PEAK: 123.5 mm

WORK:

1.77 mJ

FINAL LOAD: 344.0 g

PEAK LOAD: 234.0 g

WORK:

1.77 mJ

FINAL LOAD: 344.0 g

ADH. FORCE: 99.0 g

PEAK LOAD: 234.0 g

FINAL LOAD: 344.0 g

ADH. FORCE: 99.0 g

ADHESION:

2.54 mJ

PEAK LOAD: 234.0 g

ADH. FORCE: 99.0 g

ADHESION:

2.54 mJ

TEMP:

100.3 C

Figure III.9

HOLD TIME TEST – performs a single compression of the sample. The sample remains compressed for programmed hold time before the probe returns to starting position.

The operator sets the hold time, trigger value, target deformation and test speed using the Hold Time menu screen:

TEST:HOLD TIME: XXXX S

TRIGGER:

XXX.X g

DEFORMATION: XXX.X mm

SPEED:

XX.X mm/S

Figure III.10

A hold time test performs a single compression cycle when the operator depresses the start button. The test runs at the programmed test speed to the target deformation, then holds at this position while monitoring sample load for the programmed hold time. The countdown clock shows remaining hold time. During the test, the running screen is seen as shown below:

AMETEK Brookfield

TEST:HOLD TIME: XXXXS

DEFORMATION:XXX.X mm

LOAD:

XXXX.X g

Figure III.11
Page 20

Manual No. M08-372-G0318 Rev. 2.0

Deformation and Load will remain live displays during the test. When the countdown clock reaches zero, the probe returns to home/starting position at 4.5mm/s.

Test results are shown on the reporting screen:

HOLD TIME: XXXX S
PEAK LOAD: XXXX.X g

DEF@PEAK: XXX.X mm

FINAL LOAD:XXXX.X g

TEMP:

XXX.X F

Figure III.12

Peak load usually occurs at the target deformation, but may occur before the target is reached.

Final load is the load recorded at the end of the hold time and is usually lower than the peak due to sample relaxation.

CYCLE COUNT TEST performs a programmed number of compression cycles upon a sample.

The operator sets the number of cycles, trigger value, target deformation and test speed using the Cycle Count menu screen:

TEST: CYCLE COUNT: XXXX

TRIGGER:

XXX.X g

DEFORMATION :XXX.X mm

SPEED:

XX.X mm/s

Figure III.13

When the operator depresses the start button, the cycle count test performs multiple compressions on a sample at the programmed test speed to the target deformation, then returns immediately to home/starting position. Return travel speed for each cycle is the same as compression speed.

During the test the running screen is seen as shown below:

TEST: CYCLE COUNT: XX

DEFORMATION: XXX.X mm

LOAD:

XXXX.X g

Figure III.14

Cycle count will show a count down of the number of cycles remaining. Deformation and Load will remain live displays during the test.

Test results are shown on the reporting screen:

AMETEK Brookfield

Page 21

Manual No. M08-372-G0318 Rev. 2.0

CYCLE:XX

PEAK MEAN: XXXX.X g

PEAK STDEV: XXXX.X g

PEAK LOAD: XXXX.X g

FINAL LOAD: XXXX.X g

TEMP:

XXX.X F

Figure III.15

Mean and standard deviation of all peaks is reported.

Peak load is the highest peak and final load is the peak load of the last cycle. Temp shows temperature at time of last cycle peak, only if probe is connected.

BLOOM TEST performs a single compression cycle using industry established test parameters and reports gelatin bloom strength.

Deformation and test speed are fixed in the Bloom Test specification.

TEST: BLOOM

TRIGGER:

4.5 G

DEFORMATION: 4.0 mm

SPEED:

0.5 mm/s

Figure III.16

When the operator depresses the start button the Bloom test performs a single compression cycle at 0.5mm/s to the target deformation of 4mm. During the test the running screen is seen as shown below:

TEST: BLOOM

DEFORMATION:XXX.X mm

LOAD:

XXXX.X g

Figure III.17
Both Deformation and Load displays are live during the test. The probe then returns immediately to home/starting position at 4.5mm/s.
Test results are shown on the reporting screen:

BLOOM LOAD: XXXX.X g

TEMP:

XXX.X F

Figure III.18

Bloom load in grams is generally reported as “grams bloom”.

NOTE:
AMETEK Brookfield

It is not recommended to conduct bloom testing with load cells greater than 1500g.

On instruments with load cells 10kg or higher, the bloom test will not appear on

the menu.

Page 22

Manual No. M08-372-G0318 Rev. 2.0

TPA TEST performs two compression cycles on the sample and reports five established Texture Profile Analysis results.

The operator sets the trigger value, target deformation (travel distance into the sample) and the test speed using the TPA menu screen:

TEST:TPA

TRIGGER:

XXX.X g

DEFORMATION: XXX.X mm

SPEED:

XX.X mm/s

Figure III.19

The operator depresses the start button to begin the test. In a TPA test the compression and return
strokes of both cycles occur at the programmed test speed. Target deformation for both cycles begins at the trigger position of the first cycle.

During the test the running screen is seen as shown below:

TEST: TPA CYCLES: 02

DEFORMATION: XXX.X mm

LOAD:

XXXX.X g

Figure III.20

TPA cycles will count down to show the number of cycles remaining. Deformation and Load will remain live displays during the test.

Test results are shown on the reporting screen:

HARDNESS1: XXXX.X g

HARDNESS2: XXXX.X g

COHESIVENESS: XXX.XX

SPRINGINESS: XX.X mm

ADHESION: XXXX.X mJ

TEMP:

XXX.X F

Figure III.21

Hardness1 is the peak load of the first compression cycle. Hardness2 is the peak load of the second compression cycle.

Cohesiveness is the ratio of A2/A1. A2 is the area under the compression stoke of the second cycle
and A1 is the area under the compression stoke of the first cycle. If the structure of the sample is completely destroyed on the first compression, this ratio is zero. If the sample is perfectly elastic and not damaged at all by the first compression this ratio is 1.0 Most food products will fall somewhere in between 0 and 1.

Springiness is a measure of how far the sample returns after being compressed to the target deformation.

AMETEK Brookfield

Page 23

Manual No. M08-372-G0318 Rev. 2.0

Adhesion, or Adhesive force, is a measure of resistance to probe withdrawal from the sample.
Adhesivenss, or stickiness, is calculated as area under the negative curve on a force vs. distance graph as the probe withdraws from the first compression and returns to the start position..

TENSION TEST this test can be used to pull apart a sample, usually using grip fixtures to apply tension load on the sample.

The operator sets the trigger value, target deformation and the test speed using the Tension menu screen:

TEST: TENSION

TRIGGER:

XXX.X g

DEFORMATION: XXX.X mm

SPEED:

XX.X mm/s

Figure III.22

After pressing Start the operator is presented with this reminder screen:

ATTACH TENSION FIXTURES PRESS START TO CONTINUE Figure III.23
Be sure grips or other sample fixtures are secure and aligned then press START. The Scroll/Select knob now becomes a tool for adjusting the position of the grips so that the sample can be clamped. Rotate knob to move 1mm/click or hold knob down to descend at 4.5mm/s:

ADJUST POSITION USING SCROLL/SELECT PRESS START
DEFORMATION:XXX.X mm Figure III.24
The deformation value shown in this screen is the current distance from the top Home position and as such shows how much travel is possible once the test begins. Be sure this value is greater than the sum of the distance necessary to reach the trigger plus the programmed target deformation.
When clamping the sample try to exert only minimal lateral loads on the probe shaft. Pressing Start as shown below will start the test:
CLAMP SAMPLE PRESS START TO CONTINUE
Figure III.25

AMETEK Brookfield

Page 24

Manual No. M08-372-G0318 Rev. 2.0

During the test the running screen is seen as shown below:

TEST: TENSION

DEFORMATION:XXXX.X mm

LOAD:

XXXX.X g

Figure III.26
Deformation and Load will remain live displays during the test. When deformation reaches the target value, the test stops.

Test results are shown on the reporting screen:

PEAK LOAD: XXX.X g

DEF@PEAK: XXX.X mm

WORK:

XXXX.X mJ

FINAL LOAD: XXXX.X g

TEMP:

XXX.X F

Figure III.27

Peak load is the maximum load measured during the test. Temperature at peak load is only shown if temperature probe is used.

Def@Peak is the sample deformation at the peak load. The trigger position is the zero deformation reference point.

Work is the area under the load curve and is measured in milli joules.

Final load is the load at the target deformation.

NOTE: It is not possible to perform tension tests with the 100g load cell.

TARGET HOLD-TO-LOAD this test applies a constant force to the sample material for a user-defined time interval.
The target hold setup screen allows the operator to assign four variables: Hold Time, Trigger Load, Target Load, and Run Speed.
The first line allows the operator to input a Hold Time. The time is entered as whole seconds; the HOLD TIME field length is four digits long. Trigger force and Target Load entries conform to the load cell type of the instrument as shown in Figure III.28:

4500 gram(44.127N) 500g trigger max(4.905N), 0.5 increments(0.005N)
4500g load max(44.2N), 1g increments(0.01N)

TEST:TRGT HLD: ____ s

TRIGGER:

_.___ g

TARGET LOAD: . g

SPEED:

10.0 mm/s

Figure III.28

TEST:TRGT HLD: ____ s

TRIGGER:

_.___ N

TARGET LOAD: . N

SPEED:

10.0 mm/s

Note that the information to the left of the screenshot details the instrument type, the maximum
allowable trigger value with its associated resolution, and the proposed target load maximums and resolution. Also listed is the targeted hold accuracy of 0.5% full scale.

AMETEK Brookfield

Page 25

Manual No. M08-372-G0318 Rev. 2.0

The target load value is in whole grams and corresponds to approximately 0.01 Newtons for most
load cells. However, the same resolution restrictions as used in Trigger Value entry will apply. For example, with 50000g load cell, the least significant digit in Newton mode will be 0.05N.

Pressing the Select Knob, when the cursor is positioned over the HOLD (time) text, will start the Hold Time data entry. The cursor will be repositioned over the left most digit of the time field, which will be four digits wide. At this time, the entire field will be cleared so that all digits are displayed as underscore lines. Rotating the Select Knob will scroll through digits 0 to 9; clockwise rotation scrolls up, counter clockwise rotation scrolls down. Pressing the Select Knob locks in the digit and
advances the cursor to the right. Pressing the Select Knob over a cleared (underscore) displayed
digit will replace the underscore with “0”. Pressing the Select Knob over the last (right-most) digit
will lock in the value and advance the cursor to the TRIGGER data line.

Pressing the STOP button during data entry will clear the existing digit back to an underscore, and reposition the cursor one digit to the left where possible. Multiple presses of the STOP button will continue to move the cursor backwards, ending at the left most position.

Pressing the Select Knob when the cursor is positioned over the TRIGGER text will start the Trigger
Load data entry. This is accomplished in the same manner as described above. The width of the trigger field will vary depending on the load cell type used. Exiting the Trigger Load data entry will advance the cursor to the TARGET LOAD data line.

Pressing the Select Knob when the cursor is positioned over the TARGET LOAD text will start the
Target Load data entry. This will be accomplished in the same manner as described above. The width of the target load field will vary depending on the load cell type used. Exiting the Target Load data entry will advance the cursor to the SPEED data line. Attempting to enter a load that exceeds the maximum allowable load as defined by the cell type will default to the maximum allowable load.

Pressing the Select Knob when the cursor is positioned over the SPEED text will start the SPEED data entry. The cursor will reposition over the right- most digit of the speed data field. The speed field will retain its previous value (unlike Hold Time, Trigger Load, and Target Load). Rotating the Select Knob will increment or decrement the displayed value through all available speeds from 0.01
mm/sec to 10.0 mm/sec. Pressing the Select Knob will lock in the displayed speed and advance
the cursor to TEST.

Pressing the START button will begin a test run. If the START button is pressed in the middle of
a data entry (before the final value has been locked in), the test run will start, but the value of the aborted data entry field will revert to its previous setting. The first screen when starting a new TARGET HOLD test reminds the operator to attach a probe.

Pressing the STOP button will go back to the previous Setup Screen with the cursor over the first character of the test type. This indicates that the mode is no longer selected and rotating the Select
Knob will scroll through the other test modes. Any parameter entries that were completed will be
saved, even if the test is not run.

Pressing the START button will advance to the Pre-positioning screen, which allows the operator to reposition the probe prior to beginning the test. The probe can be moved downwards or upwards by rotating the Select Knob. Pressing the Select Knob causes the probe to continuously descend. The display shows the position of the probe as a deviation from the HOME (0.0 mm) position.

AMETEK Brookfield

Page 26

Manual No. M08-372-G0318 Rev. 2.0

Pressing the START button will advance the AUTOZEROING screen. Once the standard AUTOZEROING function is performed, the CT3 automatically advances to running the test. Pressing the Stop during AUTOZERO will revert to the Setup Screen and retract the probe to the HOME position.
The following sequence of display screens summarizes the Target Hold setup procedure:

TEST:TRGT HLD: 210.0 s

TRIGGER:

10.0 g

TRGT LOAD:

500 g

SPEED:

0.5 mm/s

TEST:TRGT HLD: 210.0 s

TRIGGER:

0.098 N

TRGT LOAD:

4.9 N

SPEED:

0.5 mm/s

SETUP SCREENS

ATTACH PROBE *
PRESS START TO CONTINUE
ADJUST POSITION USING SCROLL SELECT * PRESS START DISTANCE 123.5 mm

PRE-POSITIONING

AUTOZEROING

Figure III.29
The CT3 displays the following information while the Target Hold test is being run.: TIME AT TARGET, DEFORMATION, and the current measured LOAD. The sequence of events, and the corresponding display fields, is as follows.
The display begins with the TIME at 0 while the probe descends at the selected PRE-SPEED (assigned by the user in the GLOBAL PARAMETERS screen described elsewhere). Pressing and holding the START button prior to reaching the TRIGGER load will override the PRE-SPEED setting for the probe with a default speed of 4.5 mm/sec (known as jogging). The DISTANCE remains at 0.0 until the TRIGGER load value is reached when the probe makes contact with the sample. The LOAD field then starts to display the actual force measured by the CT3.

TEST: TRGT HLD TIME: DISTANCE: LOAD:

210 s 0.0 mm 0.0 g

TEST: TRGT HLD

TIME:

210 s

DISTANCE:

0.0 mm

LOAD:

0.00 N

Figure III.30

AMETEK Brookfield

Page 27

Manual No. M08-372-G0318 Rev. 2.0

When the measured LOAD reaches the assigned TRIGGER value, the probe speed is changed to the assigned SPEED from the Target Hold setup screen. As the probe approaches the target load at the pre-assigned speed, there will be a fixed deceleration algorithm that reduces the speed of the probe until it reaches the target load, based on a percentage of the load cell full scale. Therefore, the pre-assigned probe speed only represents the maximum allowable speed. For example, if the applied load, when the TRIGGER point is reached, is sufficiently close to the target hold load, then the probe will run at a speed slower than what was entered in the setup screen.
When the measure LOAD equals the TARGET LOAD assigned in the setup screen (the CT3 must detect two readings at the target load for valid detection), the CT3 begins the HOLD portion of the test. At this time, the DISTANCE value is saved, and the TIME field is replaced with the hold time value which starts the count down to zero. The CT3 repositions the probe, as necessary, to maintain the measured LOAD within 0.5% of the full scale load cell capacity. The LOAD and DISTANCE fields remain active.
When the TIME field counts to zero, the test is stopped. The probe is retracted to the pre-positioned start position using the post test speed. The display TIME remains at zero. DISTANCE and LOAD fields remain active. The CT3 continues to internally record LOAD measurements and logs negative values of LOAD as the probe moves upward. When the probe reaches the start position, the display advances to the FINAL screen.
During the running of the test, pressing and holding the Select Knob causes the display to revert to the setup screen, but the actual test will continue to run uninterrupted. Releasing the Select Knob returns the display to the RUN screen. Activating the EMERGENCY STOP knob will terminate the test and return the probe to the HOME position. Pressing the STOP button will also abort the test, retract the probe to the HOME position, and return the display to the TARGET HOLD SETUP screen.
After the probe has been returned to the start position, the display will show the test results: DISTANCE AT START of hold period, DISTANCE AT END of hold period, DEFORMATION, ADHESIVE FORCE, ADHESION, and TEMPERATURE. Since only four lines are available on the display, rotating the Select Knob will scroll down for the added parameters. Figure III.31 shows examples of a hypothetical test.

DIST@START: 23.4 mm

DIST@END:

30.1 mm

DEFORMATION: 6.7 mm

ADH. FORCE: 33.5 g

FINAL SCREEN SCROLLED DOWN

DIST@END:

30.1 mm

DEFORMATION: 6.7 mm

ADH. FORCE: 33.5 g

ADHESION:

5.34 mJ

FINAL SCREEN SCROLLED DOWN

DEFORMATION: 6.7 mm

ADH. FORCE: 33.5 g

ADHESION:

5.34 mJ

TEMP:

100.6 C

FINAL SCREEN SCROLLED DOWN

Figure III.31

AMETEK Brookfield

Page 28

Manual No. M08-372-G0318 Rev. 2.0

DEFORMATION is the difference in distance between DIST@START and the DIST@END.
ADHESION (ADHESIVENESS) is the area under the force vs. distance curve for ALL negative
values of load detected at the end of the test as the probe returns to the HOME position. (The current standalone TPA test has a calculated final screen value called ADHESION, reported in mJoules. The Target Hold calculation is performed in the same way.) ADHESIVE FORCE is the peak negative
value. This will be reported as a positive value, rather than a negative value.

Pressing and holding the Select Knob while displaying the FINAL screen will show the SETUP screen for reference. Releasing the Select Knob will revert back to the FINAL screen.

Re-starting the test can be performed in two ways.

Quick Start. When the FINAL test screen is displayed, the operator can do a quick restart of the test by pressing the STARTbutton. The CT3 will begin theAUTOZEROING process and execute the same test again.
Full Start.

When the FINAL test screen is displayed, the operator can do a full restart of
the test. Pressing the STOP button at this time will display the SETUP screen. The various setup parameters can then be modified as needed before pressing the START button to begin the full test.

The following test is not included in the CT3 unless requested by the customer at the time when the instrument is first ordered. It replaces the TARGET HOLD test.

SURIMI TEST – performs a single compression of a surimi sample until the gel ruptures. The test result will be the distance the sample deformed before it ruptured and the peak load just prior to the rupture. As soon as the rupture occurs the probe retracts to the HOME starting position.

NOTE: This test is only available in CT3 instruments with load cells up to 4500g and firmware version 2.0 or lower.

The operator may set the trigger value, correction value and test speed.

TEST: SURIMI

TRIGGER: 5.0

CORRECTION: 30

SPEED:

1.0

Figure III.32

g g cm/s

The trigger value is a small load, in grams, measured by the CT3 that indicates the probe is in contact with the sample. Once the probe contacts the sample the test will begin at the defined speed. The range of acceptable trigger values depends upon the load cell in use and is shown in Table III.1.
In general, the trigger value should be large enough to prevent a false trigger from starting the test
before the probe comes in contact with the sample. A false trigger is usually the result of excessive
vibrations passing through the lab bench. A 5g trigger is typical.

When the surimi sample ruptures, the load measured by the CT3 will drop. The Correction value specifies the size of the load drop, in grams, that is required to recognize a gel rupture. The correction value may be set from 5g to 99g. The two most common correction values used are 30g or 50g.
The default setting is 30g and should be good for most surimi applications.

AMETEK Brookfield

Page 29

Manual No. M08-372-G0318 Rev. 2.0

The test speed for all surimi testing has historically been 1 cm/s, so this is the default value. The test speed can be set from 0.1 mm/s to 10 mm/s, which is equivalent to 1 cm/s.
Changing the test speed is likely to change the gel result.
During the test, the display will show live deformation and load.

TEST: SURIMI

DEFORMATION: XX.XX cm

LOAD:

XXXX.X g

Figure III.33

As soon as the surimi gel ruptures, the result screen will appear.

PEAK LOAD: 465.0 g

DEF@PEAK: 0.81 cm

GEL:

376.65 g *cm

TEMP:

19.8 C

Figure III.34

The GEL result is the multiplication of Peak Load times Def@Peak in units of g-cm.

If a temperature probe is used with the CT3, the temperature at the time of the test is also shown. The TEMP line will not be seen in the display if a temperature probe is not used. DO NOT insert the temperature probe into the surimi sample being tested.

III.8 Global Parameters

The CT3 has a GLOBAL PARAMS screen which allows the pre-setting of: PRE SPEED, POST SPEED, TEMP. C/F (temperature in C or F), and load measurement unit in “g” (grams) or “N” (newtons). After Autozero during startup, rotate the Select Knob to reach the GLOBAL PARAMS screen, then press the Select Knob to access the data entry function.
There are some parameters that affect every test screen. The speed of the probe prior to triggering is the pretest speed, which is called Pre-Speed on the display screen. This may be set over the range of 0.1mm/s to 2.0mm/s.

ENTER GLOBAL PARAMS

PRE SPEED:

0.5MM/S

POST SPEED:

10.0MM/S

TEMP. C/F:

19.0C

Figure III.35

The return speed after the target is reached is the post test speed which is called Post Speed on this screen. It may be set from 0.1mm/s to 10.0mm/s. For some tests, Such as TPA, the post test speed

AMETEK Brookfield

Page 30

Manual No. M08-372-G0318 Rev. 2.0

is irrelevant because it will always be the same as the test speed. The two tests for which this is the case are TPA and the Cycle test.
Rotate the Select Knob to LOAD UNITS. When the cursor is over the “L” in LOAD, pressing the Select Knob will reposition the cursor to the “g” or “N” at the far right of the field. Rotating the knob will alternate between the “g” and “N” (grams and Newtons).
Temperature units may be set to either degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit. Once set on the Global Params screen these parameters will remain in effect until changed again on this screen.
If a temperature probe is not mounted on power up, then access to temperature unit selection is disabled. Live temperature, however, can still be displayed by plugging in the temperature probe at any time.

ENTER GLOBAL PARAMS

PRE-SPEED: ___ mm/s

POST SPEED: ___ mm/s

LOAD UNITS:

ENTER GLOBAL PARAMS

PRE-SPEED: ___ mm/s

POST SPEED: ___ mm/s

LOAD UNITS:

ENTER GLOBAL PARAMS

POST SPEED: ___ mm/s

LOAD UNITS:

TEMP:

10___ C

Figure III.36

This selection table is global in nature and applies to all tests with the following exception. Newtons are not available as a selection in the BLOOM mode.

III.9 Probe Pre-positioning

This section describes how to pre-position the probe prior to all standalone tests.

III.9.1 NORMAL mode pre-positioning
The pre-positioning screen is displayed after the ATTACH PROBE screen. The probe can be moved downwards or upwards by rotating the Select Knob. Pressing the Select Knob causes the probe to continuously descend. The display shows theposition of the probe as a deviation from the HOME (0.0 mm) position.

The pre-position of the probe will be considered the START position and will now be assigned as distance 0.0 mm. The displayed distance value will remain at 0.0 mm until the instrument senses a valid TRIGGER force after the test starts. All distance and deformation measurements will then be referenced to the TRIGGER point.

AMETEK Brookfield

Page 31

Manual No. M08-372-G0318 Rev. 2.0

At the end of a NORMAL test, the probe will return to the START position rather than the HOME position. The probe will return to the HOME position only if a full restart of the NORMAL test is done. The following diagram shows, from left to right, The HOME position corresponding to the probe at power up, the START position which is determined by the pre-position operation, the TRIGGER position where the sensed load equals the trigger value, and the DEFORMATION position which generally corresponds to the completion of a compression type test. In the case of the TARGET HOLD mode, the DEFORMATION value is the downward distance that the probe has moved relative to its position upon reaching the TRIGGER point. This DEFORMATION value will vary as the sample material relaxes under a constant load. DEFORMATION, in that case, will be reported as the change in distance while at constant load.

Figure III.37
NORMAL mode Quick re-start After a NORMAL test is complete, pressing the START button will re-run the test starting at the AUTZERO screen and function. The test will proceed from the pre-positioned START.
NORMAL mode Full re-start After a NORMAL test is complete, the operator can do a full restart of the test. Pressing the STOP button at this time will display the setup screen. This places the CT3 back at the NORMAL setup mode. The probe will return to the HOME position. The various setup parameters can be modified and pressing START will begin the full test run complete with pre-positioning.

III.9.2 HOLD TIME mode pre-positioning
The pre-positioning screen is displayed after the ATTACH PROBE screen. Move the probe from the HOME position to the desired START position. The displayed value for deformation will be set to 0.0 mm. All deformation measurements will then be referenced to the position at which the probe makes contact with the sample and reaches the trigger point.
At the end of a HOLD TIME test, the probe will return to the START position rather than the HOME position. The probe will return tho the HOME position only if a full restart of the HOLD TIME test is done.

AMETEK Brookfield

Page 32

Manual No. M08-372-G0318 Rev. 2.0

HOLD TIME mode Quick re-start After a HOLD TIME test is complete, pressing the START button will re-run the test starting at the AUTZERO screen.
HOLD TIME Full re-start After a HOLD TIME test is complete, the operator can do a full restart of the test. Pressing the STOP button at this time will display the setup screen. This places the CT3 back at the HOLD TIME setup mode. The probe will return to the HOME position. The various setup parameters can be modified. Pressing START will begin the full test run complete with pre-positioning.

III.9.3 CYCLE COUNT mode pre-positioning
The pre-positioning screen is displayed after the ATTACH PROBE screen. Move the probe to the desired START position. The displayed value for deformation will be set to 0.0 mm. All deformation measurements will then be referenced to the trigger point after the probe makes contact with the sample.
When the probe is retracted upwards between cycles, it will stop at the START position before descending for the next cycle. At the end of a CYCLE COUNT test, the probe will return to the START position. The probe will return to the HOME position only if a full restart of the CYCLE COUNT test is done.
CYCLE COUNT mode Quick re-start After a CYCLE COUNT test is complete, pressing the START button will re-run the test starting at the AUTZERO screen.
CYCLE COUNT Full re-start After a CYCLE COUNT test is complete, the operator can do a full restart of the test. Pressing the STOP button at this time will display the setup screen. This places the CT3 back at the CYCLE COUNT setup mode. The probe will return to the HOME position. The various setup parameters can be modified. Pressing START will begin the full test run complete with pre-positioning.

III.9.4 BLOOM mode pre-positioning
The pre-positioning screen is displayed after the ATTACH PROBE screen. Move the probe to the desired START position. The displayed value for deformation will be set to 0.0 mm. All deformation measurements will then be referenced to the position when the probe makes contact with the sample and the trigger point is reached.
At the end of a BLOOM test, the probe will return to the START position. The probe will return to the HOME position only if the full restart of the BLOOM test is done.
BLOOM mode Quick re-start After a BLOOM test is complete, pressing the START button will re-run the test starting at the AUTZERO screen.
BLOOM Full re-start After a BLOOM test is complete, the operator can do a full restart of the test. Pressing the STOP button at this time will display the setup screen. This places the CT3 back at the BLOOM setup mode. The probe returns to the HOME position. The various setup parameters can be modified. Pressing START will begin the full test run complete with pre-positioning.

III.9.5 TPA mode pre-positioning

The pre-positioning screen is displayed after the ATTACH PROBE screen. Move the probe to the desired START position. The displayed value for deformation will be set to 0.0 mm. All deformation

AMETEK Brookfield

Page 33

Manual No. M08-372-G0318 Rev. 2.0

measurements will then be referenced to the position when the probe makes contact with the sample and the trigger point is reached.
The probe will retract to the START position between cycles. At the end of a TPA test, the probe will return to the START position. The probe will return to the HOME position only if a full restart of the TPA test is done.
TPA mode Quick re-start After aTPAtest is complete, pressing the STARTbutton will re-run the test starting at theAUTOZERO screen.
TPA Full re-start After a TPA test is complete, the operator can do a full restart of the test. Pressing the STOP button at this time will display the setup screen. This places the CT3 back at the TPA setup mode. The probe will return to the HOME position. The various setup parameters can be modified. Pressing START will begin the full test run complete with pre-positioning.

III.9.6 TENSION mode pre-positioning
The TENSION mode already incorporates pre-positioning in the manner described for the other modes above. It has other screens, however, that address clamp and probe operations.

III.10 Texture Loader Software (See Appendix C for details)
Texture Loader software can be downloaded for free at www.brookfieldengineering.com navigate to the downloads section of the CT3 texture analyzer product webpage.After installing this software into a computer you can add up to 10 additional test programs to the CT3 menu based upon any one of the test methods described above. For example, suppose you routinely test rye bread using a TPA test with a trigger value of 5g, deformation of 18mm and a test speed of 3mm/ s. You can create a test called RYE with these test parameters. After downloading this test to the CT3, you will see the RYE test appear in the display as you scroll through the test methods. The Texture Loader program is supplied as a convenience for our customers who routinely run tests with established parameters.
III.11 Checking Calibration
The load calibration of the CT3 Texture Analyzer can be verified using the Static Load mode. We recommend that you use the Brookfield weight set appropriate for your CT3 load range:

BEL Part No. ·TA-CW-100C ·TA-CW-1000C ·TA-CW-1500C ·TA-CW-4500C ·TA-CW-10KGC ·TA-CW-2550KGC

Load Range 100 gram 1000 gram 1500 gram 4500 gram 10kg 25kg and 50kg

The frequency of the calibration verification should be set in accordance to your company procedures.

1. Start the calibration verification process using the select/scroll knob to set the test mode to Static Load and press the start button. The display will request that you attach the hanger mount to
the probe shaft.

AMETEK Brookfield

Page 34

Manual No. M08-372-G0318 Rev. 2.0

Note: TA-CW-100C does not include a hanger mount or hanger. A black, TA5 probe is included and is used as the hanger. Each of the three weights are stacked on top of the probe during step 4.
TEST: STATIC LOAD ATTACH HANGER MOUNT
PRESS START TO CONTINUE III.38
2. The weight of the hanger mount itself will be zeroed by pressing the start button.

Hanger Mount
Primary hanger to which additional mass is added

TEST: STATIC LOAD

*PRESS START TO ZERO

LOAD

XXXX.X g

III.39

Figure III.41

The display will change to show static load active parameters once the autozero process is complete.

TEST: STATIC LOAD

ADD HANGER AND MASS

LOAD

XXXX.X g

III.40

The Hanger is the first weight to be fixed to the Hanger Mount.

NOTE: The Hanger is part of the calibrated weight set, and it has a calibrated weight value. This weight must be included as part of the total weight applied to the load cell.

Attach the desired weight to the Hanger and record the load value from the display. Multiple weights may be attached to the Hanger to achieve a range of test points.

Do not apply excessive upward, downward or sideways force to the Hanger Mount or Hanger while adding or removing weight. This may damage the sensing mechanism of the CT3.
As successive weights are added, the CT3 will show the total weight, which should be within the specified instrument tolerance shown in Table III.2. The accuracy of the CT3 is defined by the rating of the load cell as detailed in Table III.2. If the CT3 Texture Analyzer produces data outside

AMETEK Brookfield

Page 35

Manual No. M08-372-G0318 Rev. 2.0

of the acceptable range, contact AMETEK Brookfield or an authorized dealer for information on repair/calibration services (see Appendix D for AMETEK Brookfield locations).

Model
CT3-100g CT3-1000g CT3-1500g CT3-4500g CT310kg CT325kg CT350kg

Load Range
0 100g 0 1,000g 0 1,500g 0 4,500g 0-10kg 0-25kg 0-50kg
Table III.2

Load Accuracy Grams
0.5 5.0 7.5 22.5 50 125g 250g

Example of Calibration Verification
A 4500 gram CT3 Texture Analyzer, according to Table III.2, has an accuracy of ±22.5 grams. The spreadsheet shown below can be used to easily evaluate a calibration check using the appropriate Brookfield calibration weight set.

CT3 TEXTURE ANALYZER

Calibration Spreadsheet
serial # 6514047

Load Cell Capacity 4500

Mass 999.84 994.04 993.96 994.05 497.12

Serial # 59

92 106 153

Load Cell Accuracy

22.5g

1 1 & 2 1, 2 & 3 1, 2, 3 & 4 1 – 5

Weight 999.84
1993.88 2987.84 3981.89 4479.00

Low Limit

High Limit

Reading

Difference

977.34 999.5 1022.34

-0.3

1971.38 1993.5 2016.38

-0.4

2965.34 2987.5 3010.34

-0.3

3959.39 3981.5 4004.39

-0.4

4456.51 4479.5 4501.51

0.5

INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE
The CT3 Calibration template can be downloaded from our website, www.brookfieldengineering.com/products/texture-analysis/cts.asp

Enter the serial number of your CT3.
Enter the load cell in your CT3. The load cell accuracy is automatically calculated from this value.
Enter the mass and serial numbers of the weights in the same order that you add them to the hanger.
Enter the load value shown in the CT3 display as each weight is added.
Calibration is satisfactory if all values in the “Difference” column are smaller than the “Load Cell Accuracy” value.

AMETEK Brookfield

Page 36

Manual No. M08-372-G0318 Rev. 2.0

IV. TEST METHOD DEVELOPMENT
The measurement results provided by the CT3 Texture Analyzer will be dependent on several factors relating to the sample, the test probe, and the test parameters. A variation on any of these elements may result in a change in measurement results. For good test repeatability, it is suggested that a clear and complete test method be developed. The following sections describe these elements. Brookfield suggests that your method development include some trial and error testing to determine the best test method for your sample material. Brookfield offers a texture day training course for anyone wishing assistance with texture analysis methods.

IV.1 Sample Preparation
The measurement of texture using the CT3 Texture Analyzer requires contact between the test probe and the sample. The shape and surface of the sample may affect the measurement results. Consider for example an orange: the test of a peeled orange will likely give a different result from the test of a single wedge from the same fruit. This is likely the same for any bulk material when compared to a neatly prepared cube of material. Consideration should be given to the preparation of the sample to facilitate repeatability of the test. For example, a material that has a flat surface offers a consistent interface with the probe even if the material is not centered in the test fixture. If your test sample is uneven, part of the test method could be to cut, shape or modify the sample such that the sample is flat; consider, for example, the difference between a loaf of bread versus a slice of bread.

IV.2 Test Probe / Fixture

The CT3 Texture Analyzer may be used with a wide variety of probes and fixtures. Brookfield offers a set of standard items while also providing special design services. Each type of probe offers benefits for certain sample types. The following table provides some basic guidelines. Although this table
represents our general experience, it is important to note that there are few established standard tests for physical measurements of texture. The main objective is to characterize your material in a way that best represents its perception by human senses. This is the essence of texture analysis.

Probe Type Cylinder
Sphere
Cone
Wire Magness Taylor
Extrusion Cell Shear blades

Typical Application well defined samples with uniform surfaces, general purpose, TPA (texture profile analysis) samples with small scale variations on surface, general purpose samples with rigid outer layer. Also used for penetrometry and spreadability used for cutting or slicing samples such as cheese used for puncturing, often used for determining ripeness of fruit/vegetables samples that can be made to flow, general purpose meat tenderness Table IV.1

AMETEK Brookfield

Page 37

Manual No. M08-372-G0318 Rev. 2.0

Within a probe category, variations of geometry can be significant. It may require a larger force to drive a cone of shallow angle as compared to a cone of steep angle. Similarly, a cylinder of large diameter may require a larger force than a cylinder of small diameter. The selection of the probe (type and size) will affect the test result.
Keep hands, fingers and other body parts clear of moving test probes when operating instrument.
IV.3 Test Parameters
The CT3 Texture Analyzer will require the setting of several parameters depending upon the test method selected (see Table III.1). In general, the following relationships will hold true for Speed and Distance.

The measured load tends to increase as the test speed increases.
The measured load tends to increase as the compression distance increases. An exception to this could be a material with an outer layer such as an apple, or one that fractures.
The Trigger Point establishes the minimum load required to begin the test. This is how the CT3 knows when the probe is touching the sample. This parameter should be set to a low value for a material with a very delicate outer layer. Trigger value depends upon your load cell. Minimum recommendations are shown in Table II.2.
The Hold Time allows for monitoring the response of a material as it is held compressed. Normally, an increase in the Hold Time will result in a lower measured value, as the sample relaxes.
The Cycle Count provides a way of working a sample by compressing it repeatedly and monitoring its response.
IV.4 Recommendations
The test results of a texture measurement are very dependent on both sample preparation and the test method. When developing a method, Brookfield recommends that each parameter be varied in turn to determine its effect on the results. (Note: vary only one parameter at a time.) Once this information is considered and a method is established, the method should be documented in significant detail. This will ensure good repeatability of results and good comparison with others who attempt to duplicate your method.

AMETEK Brookfield

Page 38

Manual No. M08-372-G0318 Rev. 2.0

V. APPLICATIONS
This applications section should be used as a guide to the development of techniques specific to your own application and requirements. These notes are empirical in nature. Deviation from the described test configurations (parameter settings, sample size, shape, formulation, etc.) will result in deviations from the observations discussed in each application.

V.1 Comparison of Low Fat and Virtually Fat Free Yogurt Consistencies

PRODUCT: OBJECTIVE: BACKGROUND:
CT3 SETTINGS: PROBE REF: METHOD:

Low-fat (1%) and virtually fat-free (0.05%) natural yogurt

Comparison of textural properties in order to identify differences between protein networks formed as an indication of product creaminess.

The textural properties of yogurts are critical in determining consumer preference where variation in fat content of formulation has a direct influence on the sensory characteristics of the product. The elevated Solids Not Fat (SNF) content of low-fat yogurts forms strong casein-casein bonds uncharacteristic in a full-fat yogurt, where homogenized fat globules are partly covered with casein, facilitating protein-protein interactions. Fat becomes trapped within this protein network where it imparts a smooth creamy mouthfeel and spoonable glossy consistency characteristic of full-fat yogurts.

Back Extrusion is an ideal method for the assessment of yogurts and other gelled, semi-solid foods. This compression extrusion test consists of applying a force to the product until it flows through the space between the probe perimeter and the container. A wide range of complex forces are generated. However, the test gives good measures of peak force and area of work during compression indicative of the strength of the gel and product consistency. These forces may also be recorded in reverse on the negative portion of the force-time curve where they are indicative of sample viscosity.

MODE: TRIGGER: DISTANCE: SPEED:

Normal see table II.2 30mm, or appropriate for your container 1mm/s

TA4 38.1mm Ø Perspex Cylinder, or larger if your container allows.

Samples were removed from refrigerated conditions of 5°C and centrally positioned beneath the probe within the container in which they were packed. Tests were conducted at ambient conditions of 18.2°C while the test temperature of the low-fat yogurt was 8.7°C and the virtually fat- free was 7.9°C. It was essential that a sufficient distance (circa 20mm) was left between the sample surface and the base of the probe. This was left to ensure that a complete break between probe/sample interface was made during probe retraction so that adhesiveness characteristics could be evaluated.

NOTE: Samples were tested with original containers as supplied. Use of different dimension holding vessels will change results obtained, therefore, operators must be consistent with the test setup used.

AMETEK Brookfield

Page 39

Manual No. M08-372-G0318 Rev. 2.0

READING:

F
Modulus Gradient (from initial curve only)

Fat Free Low Fat

Total Positive Area Consistency

Peak Positive Force HARDNESS
Total Negative Area Adhesiveness (Indication of Viscosity)
t

DISCUSSION:
PARAMETER COLLECTION: PARAMETERS:
AMETEK Brookfield

Peak Negative Force ADHESIVE FORCE

Once the trigger is attained, the force continues to increase until a surface fracture occurs. The modulus changes at this point to a less steep gradient, and the force nearly reaches a plateau.
The low-fat sample appears much softer than the fat-free, having increased flow over the plunger with a visually less grainy and more glossy fluid appearance. The softer set is characterized by the lower forces and areas of work measured, as well as the shallower slope. The softer set is also characterized by the failure to form sample fracture and the absence of peaks within the curve.
The fat-free sample has a much steeper initial gradient and subsequently higher values for all measured parameters. Its grainy set structure is characterized by the large number of peaks attained within the curve, while the increased viscosity or spoonability is shown within the negative portion of the curve.

Peak force and work (area under load curve) will show on CT3 display when used as stand alone. With an attached computer and TexturePro CT software modulus and many other parameters are available.

HARDNESS
WORK (Total Positive Area)
ADHESIVENESS (Total Negative Area)

Force necessary to attain a given deformation Internal strength of bonds within a product
Work necessary to overcome attractive forces between surface of the food and the materials with which it comes into contact.

ADHESIVE FORCE

Force required to “pull” probe from sample (suction).

Page 40

Manual No. M08-372-G0318 Rev. 2.0

MODULUS

Ratio of stress divided by strain during the first compression cycle (e.g., the slope of the force:deformation curve). It is representative of
sample rigidity.

RESULTS:

LOW-FAT

FAT-FREE

HARDNESS (g) WORK (mJ) ADHESION (mJ) ADHESIVE FORCE (g)

122 1592.7 -246.4
-58

227 3199.9 -522.6 -112

CONCLUSIONS:

Creaminess of samples was evaluated as a comparison between low-fat and fat- free samples. This is a comparative measure between two samples, but does give good indication of the effect of formulation on the protein:protein network and resulting gel set. Such a test would be excellent both within the Quality and Development environments, where product matching as well as process control could be facilitated.
The modulus values are also considerably different where the higher values for the fat-free fat product denote the firmer, more bound consistency of the product.

EMPIRICAL FACTORS:

Test conditions which will affect results generated: 1. Sample size 2. Sample age 3. Sample temperature 4. Base and edge effects 5. Sample container and/or test probe employed
Sample conditions which will effect results generated: 1. Fat content 2. Protein content 3. pH 4. Set/Stirred product 5. Syneresis and surface characteristics 6. Presence of inclusions e.g. fruit 7. Temperature and uniformity

RELATED TESTS:

45° cone penetrometer test utilizing hold until time function to determine relaxation.

BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCES:

Anon. 1988. Facts About Yogurt. National Dairy Council, London. Anon. 1996. Yogurt: A Technical Profile. National Dairy Council, Education Department.

Bylund, G. 1995. Diary Processing Handbook. Tetra Pak Processing Systems AB, Sweden.

Prentice, J. 1992. Dairy Rheology A Concise Guide. VCH Publishers, USA.

Tamime, A. and Robinson R. 1985. Yogurt Science and Technology. Pergamon Press Ltd., Oxford.

Varnam. A. and Sutherland, J. 1994. Milk and Milk Products – Technology, Chemistry and Microbioogy. Chapman and Hall,

Great Britain.

AMETEK Brookfield

Page 41

Manual No. M08-372-G0318 Rev. 2.0

V.2 A Comparison of the Textural Characterstics of Biscuits (Cookies)

PRODUCT: OBJECTIVE: BACKGROUND:
CT3 SETTINGS: PROBE REF: METHOD: READING:

Biscuits

To compare the textural characteristics of the two different types of biscuit while utilizing parameters generated using penetration test.

The textural characteristics of hygroscopic foods (those which take up water from the atmosphere) such as biscuits is of critical importance in the assessment of their quality. The hardness of a sample is indicative of its freshness, while the crispiness parameter evaluated within this investigation, characterizes its inner crumb structure and bake characteristics.

The test may be employed as part of any quality control procedure, whether that is to evaluate staling of product life, bake characteristics through quantification of hardness at different points within the biscuits circumference or any other application specific to your organization.

MODE: TRIGGER: DISTANCE: SPEED:

Normal See table II.1 3mm 0.5mm/s

2 mm stainless steel cylinder probe (REF: TA39)

Biscuits approximately 6 mm thick were located beneath the probe and clamped
to the analyzer bed using low pressure clips. The probe then penetrated sample to target distance and the profile of characteristics was recorded through the interface package.

Quantity of Fractures

Hardness

(H1)

AMETEK Brookfield

Calculate mean of all values (HAV)

Fracture Point Final

Distance

H1/HAV = Indication of Crispiness (Crispiness becomes a function of hardness)

Relate the mean value of peaks obtained to the original hardness value. Empirically our investigations highlighted that higher values of the ratio were indicative of increased crispiness.

Page 42

Manual No. M08-372-G0318 Rev. 2.0

DISCUSSION:
PARAMETER COLLECTION: PARAMETERS:
CONCLUSIONS: EMPIRICAL FACTORS:

As the probe travels through the sample an initial fracture of the surface is recorded. This fracture is greater in relation to other peaks within the chocolate coated sample due to surface characteristics. A range of internal fractures are then recorded as the probe progresses to the target deformation of 3 mm. The level of peaks within the sample are indicative of crispiness e.g. harder samples showed greater fracture force and were thus considered as being more crispy. The overall force:deformation curve highlights various peaks and troughs as the aerated structure of the sample is penetrated, peaks may be caused through the presence of sugar crystals or where the probe makes contact with air pockets within the dough structure. The overall positive area of the curve is indicative of sample hardness (as is peak force) and may be taken as a direct indication of bake conditions imposed e.g. hotter oven or longer residence time produces a harder biscuit within a sample batch. As two different varieties of biscuit were evaluated, the overall hardness characteristics were considered to be the result of variations in formulation, composition and process conditions imposed. Please note that if inclusions such as chocolate chips or oats are in the biscuit, they will contribute directly to result fluctuations.

Use with TexturePro CT software is necessary to obtain fracture calculations.

HARDNESS Load detected at highest peak during compression

WORK

Integrated area under the compression cycle. Total energy required to penetrate the sample

QUANTITY AND NUMBER OF FRACTURES Internal ruptures and fracture of sample as structure is broken. Indicative of sample brittleness and internal bond strength.

Crispiness is an extremely complex parameter to quantify being a function of many artifact attributes. This investigation has excluded the inclusion of number of peaks in order to simplify the equation employed, however, it should be noted that the number of internal factors is an important consideration when evaluating the force:deformation profiles formed. More comprehensive equations should include the calculation of peaks per mm penetration as well as the internal strength or bake characteristics of the product.

Results will be affected by a large number of factors including: 1. Biscuit composition 2. Sample age 3. Atmospheric exposure 4. Positioning beneath probe (closeness to sample edges) 5. Surface characteristics

AMETEK Brookfield

Page 43

Manual No. M08-372-G0318 Rev. 2.0

V.3 Review of Solid Chocolate at Ambient Temperature

PRODUCT: OBJECTIVE: BACKGROUND:
LFRA SETTINGS:
PROBE REF: METHOD:
READING:

Milk Chocolate (single chunk 27.25mm x 7.92mm)

To determine the optimum penetration distance to detect hardness of solid chocolate tablet through the employment of penetration forces.

The CT3 is restricted to maximum force generation in the region of 1kg thus
the relatively solid consistency of chocolate determined that a very small Ø probe was utilized at minimal test speed. This permitted a flow of molecules within the sample and minimized the forces generated while maximizing the force:deformation profile of the product.

MODE: TRIGGER: SPEED: DISTANCE:

NORMAL See table II.1 0.1 mm/s 2, 4, or 6 mm

Stainless steel needle probe, 10° Taper (Ref: TA9) Confectionery holding rig TA-CJ

Samples were removed from wrappers and broken into individual chunks.
The individual chocolate piece was then held within jaws of confectionery holder clamped to adjustable bed of CT3 approximately 2mm below surface probe.

HARDNESS

Peak +ve Force

CONSISTENCY Total +ve Area

DISCUSSION:
AMETEK Brookfield

2mm
ADHESION Total -ve Area

D 4mm
ADHESION FORCE Peak -ve Force

Note: Graph shows continuation of penetration at 2mm, 4mm and 6mm parameter values recorded at set points for each penetration depth.

Force: deformation curves generated indicate a linear relationship between forces generated and depth of penetration. It was therefore recommended that the 4mm mid penetration value is utilized to permit evaluation of a range of chocolate types thus enabling comparison of a range of results.

Page 44

Manual No. M08-372-G0318 Rev. 2.0

PARAMETER COLLECTION
PARAMETERS:

All parameters are automatically calculated within the a test report once they are selected on the test results tab. Thus calculate parameters for each curve individually and record results.

HARDNESS WORK ADHESIVENESS
ADHESION

Force necessary to attain a given deformation Internal strength of bonds within a product Work necessary to overcome attractive forces between surface of the food and materials as the probe retracts. Maximum negative load (stickiness)

RESULTS:

PARAMETER

UNIT

HARDNESS

(g)

WORK

(mJ)

ADHESIVENESS (mJ)

ADHESION

(g)

2mm
334 3192.3
-0.4 -18

4mm
722 1278.6
-4.1 -60

6mm
1159 23878.9
-180 -15.1

CONCLUSIONS:
EMPIRICAL FACTORS:

NOTE: Adhesion forces give greatest differentiation.
This empirical procedure generates key information related to chocolate hardness and consistency, while additional information relating to adhesion is also acquired. Adhesion forces were not considered paramount to the investigation due to difficulties in imitating oral mastication properties. A penetration depth of 4mm (approx. 50% deformation or strain) was considered optimum in generating key profile data and is recommended for future investigation using the 1500g CT3 where prevention of upload forces is critical.
Test conditions will be affected by: 1. Sample temperature 2. Proximity of test holes within sample 3. Ambient temperatures 4. Base effects where probe compresses against analyzer test bed
Rheology of chocolate is influenced by: 1. Cocoa solids content 2. Cocoa butter content 3. Solid fat content 4. Crystal modification (acting as an indication of temperature abuse).

AMETEK Brookfield

Page 45

Manual No. M08-372-G0318 Rev. 2.0

Appendix A – Probes, Fixtures, Calibration Accessories and Gelatin Accessories
This section provides part numbers and detailed descriptions for the test probes and fixtures that can be used with your CT3 Texture Analyzer. Also included is information on calibration accessories and the equipment used to perform gelatin Bloom tests.

A-1 Probes

SELECTED PROBE KITS

TA-P-KIT2

RECOMMENDED GENERAL PROBE KIT
Includes the following probes: 60 degree cone TA2/1000; 12.7mm cylindrical (BS std) TA5; 60mm wide knife edge TA7; 1.0mm dia needle TA9; 12.7mm cylindrical (AACC std) TA10; 25.4mm cylindrical (AOAC std) TA11/1000; 45 degree cone TA15/1000; 30 degree cone TA17; 12.7mm ball TA18; 50.8mm cylinder TA25/1000; 0.33mm cutting wire TA53; 2mm rod TA39; 38.1mm cylinder TA4/1000; 6mm cylindrical TA41; 25.4mm ball TA43; 4mm cylinder
TA44 and TA-PCC

TA-P-KIT3

CURD PROBE KIT Includes the following probes: 5mm disc TA46; 8mm disc TA-47; 10mm disc TA48 and storage case.

CYLINDER / ROD PROBES

included in TA-P-KIT2

TA3/100

25.4mm DIAMETER CYLINDER PROBE Clear Acrylic. 35mm Long. Rad .35 – .43mm (Low mass for CT3100)

TA3/1000

25.4mm DIAMETER CYLINDER PROBE Clear Acrylic. 35mm Long. Rad .35 – .43mm.

TA4/100

38.1mm DIAMETER CYLINDER PROBE Clear Acrylic. 20mm Long. Rad .35 – .43mm. (Low mass for CT3100)

TA4/1000

38.1mm DIAMETER CYLINDER PROBE Clear Acrylic 26g. 20mm Long. Rad .35 – .43mm.

TA5

12.7mm DIAMETER CYLINDER PROBE

Black Delrin 5g. 35mm Long. Rad .35 – .43mm.

TA6

6.35mm DIAMETER CYLINDER PROBE

Black Delrin. 20mm Long. Rad .35 – .43mm. . (Low mass for CT3100)

TA10

12.7mm CYLINDER PROBE Clear Acrylic 5g. 35mm length with sharp edge. Gelatin Bloom Probe

AMETEK Brookfield

Page 46

Manual No. M08-372-G0318 Rev. 2.0

TA11/100

25.4mm AOAC STANDARD CYLINDER PROBE Clear Acrylic. 35mm Long. (Low mass for CT3100)

TA11/1000 * 25.4mm AOAC STANDARD CYLINDER PROBE Clear Acrylic 21g. 35mm Long.

TA19

1cm² KOBE TEST PROBE Stainless Steel. 11.3mm Diameter. 25mm Long.

TA24

4mm DIAMETER ROD PROBE Black Delrin. 20mm Long, Flat End

TA25/1000 * 50.8mm DIAMETER CYLINDER PROBE Clear Acrylic 23g. 20mm Long. Rad .35 – .43mm.

TA35

5mm DIAMETER CYLINDER PROBE Black Delrin. 20mm Long.

TA36

7mm DIAMETER CYLINDER PROBE Stainless Steel. 35mm Long.

TA39

2mm DIAMETER ROD PROBE Stainless Steel 5g. 20mm Long. Flat End (Margarine).

TA40

4.5mm DIAMETER ROD PROBE Stainless Steel. 20.5mm Long. Flat End (Margarine).

TA41

6mm DIAMETER CYLINDER PROBE Stainless Steel 7g. 35mm Long.

TA42

3mm DIAMETER CYLINDER PROBE Stainless Steel. 35.8mm Long.

TA44

4mm DIAMETER CYLINDER PROBE Stainless Steel 10g.

TA45

1mm DIAMETER CYLINDER PROBE Stainless Steel.

TA54

38.1mm DIAMETER 170° SHALLOW ANGLE CYLINDER PROBE Clear Acrylic. 20mm Long.

CONICAL PROBES

included in TA-P-KIT2

TA2/100

60º CONE PROBE Clear Acrylic. 30mm Diameter. (Low mass for CT3100)

AMETEK Brookfield

Page 47

Manual No. M08-372-G0318 Rev. 2.0

TA2/1000 TA15/100

60º CONE PROBE Clear Acrylic 15g. 30mm Diameter, 36mm L 45º CONE PROBE Clear Acrylic. 30mm Diameter. (Low mass for CT3100)

TA15/1000 * 45º CONE PROBE Clear Acrylic 13g. 30mm Diameter, 40mm L

TA16

40º CONE PROBE Clear Acrylic. 29mm Diameter 41mm L

TA17

30º CONE PROBE Clear Acrylic 8g. 24mm Diameter, 46mm L

TA27

20º CONE PROBE Clear Acrylic. 12.4mm Diameter.

TA29

15º CONE PROBE Stainless Steel. 8mm Diameter.

TA32/100

90º CONE PROBE Clear Acrylic. 30mm Diameter. (Low mass for CT3100)

TA32/1000

90º CONE PROBE Clear Acrylic. 30mm Diameter.

TA-PCC

PROBE CARRYING CASE For Texture Analyzer Probes And/Or Calibration Weights. (Foam Insert Cut To Order). Black Polypropylene – 225mm(L)X 200mm(W) X 70mm(H).

SPHERICAL PROBES

included in TA-P-KIT2

TA8

6.35mm DIAMETER BALL PROBE

Stainless Steel.

TA18

12.7mm BALL PROBE Stainless Steel 30g

TA28

2mm DIAMETER BALL PROBE Stainless Steel.

TA31

1mm DIAMETER BALL PROBE Stainless Steel.

TA33
AMETEK Brookfield

3mm DIAMETER BALL PROBE Stainless Steel.
Page 48

Manual No. M08-372-G0318 Rev. 2.0

TA38 TA43 TA49 TA50

10mm DIAMETER BALL PROBE Stainless Steel.

25.4mm DIAMETER BALL PROBE Nylon 14g
25.4mm DIAMETER ROUND END Clear Acrylic.
5mm DIAMETER BALL PROBE Surimi application

MISCELLANEOUS PROBES * included in TA-P-KIT2 ** included in TA-P-KIT3

TA-DGF001

DUAL GRIP FIXTURE These are multipurpose general grips for tensile type testing. The 25mm wide grips are fitted with rubber inserts to maximise contact adhesion with sample and are capable of holding rectangular samples up to 5mm thick. Each grip clamps from both sides of sample with two opposing thumbscrews for precise alignment. Includes one pair of T-Bolts for mounting to base. Base table kits are NOT USED with this fixture.

TA7

KNIFE EDGE

Clear Acrylic 8g. 60mm Wide.

TA9

NEEDLE PROBE

Stainless Steel. 1.0mm Diameter. 43mm Long.

10º Maximum Taper.

TA22

18SWG BAR FRAME PROBE Aluminium Frame. 39mm Wide.1.2mm Dia

TA23

12.7mm DIAMETER ROUND END PROBE Black Delrin. 35mm Long.

TA46

** TA CURD PROBE 5mm Stainless Steel, 5mm dia disc ( 0.2 sq cm )

TA47

** TA CURD PROBE 8mm Stainless Steel, 8mm dia disc ( 0.5 sq cm )

TA48

** TA CURD PROBE 10mm Stainless Steel, 10mm dia disc ( 0.8 sq cm )

TA37
AMETEK Brookfield

2.36mm DIAMETER CUTTING WIRE PROBE Aluminium Frame. 40mm Wide.

Page 49

Manual No. M08-372-G0318 Rev. 2.0

TA52 TA53

Small Scale MOHRS Shear Blade Includes one blade holder and five blades. Blades are 9mm Wide x 35mm Length x .5mm Thick

33mm D Cutting Wire Probe, 40 mm L, Connects to M6 Female Thread

A-2 Fixtures

ACCESSORIES FOR ROTARY BASE TABLE

TA-RT-KIT

ROTARY BASE TABLE Round base table provides quick and easy height adjustment to accommodate various samples. Accessories listed below are mounted onto this table to facilitate special sample holding requirements. Includes pair of T-bolts for securing table.

ALL ACCESSORY FIXTURES BELOW MOUNT ONTO ROTARY BASE TABLE

TA-ATT

ADHESIVE TACK TESTER This tester is used for measuring stickiness of pressure sensitive adhesive materials such as tape. Requires Rotary Base Table TA-RT- KIT.

TA-AVJ

ADJUSTABLE VICE JIG This fixture is used for holding smal samples for a puncture test. Good for Jelly beans, gum drops, etc. Requires Rotary Base Table TA-RT-KIT.

TA-BEC

BACK EXTRUSION CELL The Back Extrusion Cell is used for measuring the consistency of applesauce, pudding, yogury and similar products. It consists of 3 containers with internal dimensions of 38.1mm diameter, 24mm deep; includes one 25.4mm diameter probe. Requires Rotary Base Table TA-RT-KIT.

TA-JTPB

JUNIOR THREE POINT BEND FIXTURE Small scale three point bend fixture for fracture test of brittle materials. Probe used with this fixture, TA7 Knife Edge Blade, is included in General Probe Kit TA-P-KIT2. Otherwise, please order TA7 separately. Requires Rotary Base
Table TA-RT-KIT.

TA-JPA

JUNIOR PUNCH ASSEMBLY This accessory is used for punching through flat samples. Probe used with this assemblyy, TA10, is included in General Probe Kit TA-P-KIT2. Otherwise, order TA10 separately. Requires Rotary Base Table TA-RT-KIT.

TA-TBLT

Pair of T-bolts with nuts and washers.

AMETEK Brookfield

Page 50

Manual No. M08-372-G0318 Rev. 2.0

ACCESSORIES FOR FIXTURE BASE TABLE

TA-BT-KIT
TA-BT-3KY TA-BT-2KY TA-BT-7KY TA-BT-8KY TA-BT-6KY

FIXTURE BASE TABLE Rectangular base table with removable insert, which is used as a test surface. All accessories listed below mount into this table when the insert is removed. Pair of T-Bolts for securing the table are included. Four sets of extension legs (1, 1.5, 2 & 4 Inches) are supplied. Extra extension legs may be purchased separately.
Set of four 1 inch table leg extensions
Set of four 1.5 inch table leg extensions
Set of four 2 inch table leg extensions
Set of four 4 inch table leg extensions
Set of two thumbscrews for base table insert

ALL ACCESSORY FIXTURES BELOW MOUNT ONTO FIXTURE BASE TABLE

TA-AACC21 TA-AACC36 TA-BLS TA-BPS TA-CEF TA-CJ
TA-CKA TA-CLT001

AACC RECOMMENDED 21mm DIAMETER PROBE Aluminum Cylinder, 21mm D and 40mm L. Requires Fixture Table Base TABT-KIT.
AACC SPEC PROBE (36mm) This probe is used for measuring bread firmness and performing texture profile analysis (TPA). Requires Fixture Table Base TA-BT- KIT.
BILAYER SHEAR TEST FIXTURE This fixture uses a guillotine blade to separate a bilayer tablet while measuring shear strength. Requires Fixture Base Table TA- BT-KIT.
BLISTER PACK SUPPORT TEST FIXTURE This fixture is used to measure the force required to remove the tablet from its blister pack. Requires Fixture Base Table TA-BT-KIT.
CHEESE EXTENSIBILITY FIXTURE This fixture measures the extensibility of a smaple, such as molten cheese, to break point.
CONFECTIONERY JIG This fixture is used for holding candies and similar products for penetration testing. Requires Fixture Base Table TA-BT-KIT. Consists of bases and top plates with holes 4mm, 8mm and 12mm in diameter to allow through penetration of samples with probes slightly smaller than holes. One blank plate (no hole) is also included to serve as a test surface when needed.
CRAFT KNIFE ADAPTER This adapter cuts cleanly into and through material with minimum deformation of the sample. Requires Fixture Base Table TA-BT-KIT.
CAPSULE LOOP TENSILE TEST FIXTURE This fixture is used to measure the force required to split on half of a hard gel capsule. Requires Fixture Base Table TA-BT-KIT.

AMETEK Brookfield

Page 51

Manual No. M08-372-G0318 Rev. 2.0

TA-CSF TA-CTP

CIRCULAR SUPPORT FIXTURE This fixture provides support for round samples and retains any potential fluid expressed during the test. Requires Fixture Table Base TA-BT-KIT.
COMPRESSION TOP PLATE Rectangular plate 150mm X 100mm, used for compressing large samples. Fixture Base Table TA-BT-KIT is normally used to support sample while testing with this large compression plate.

TA-DE

DOUGH EXTENSIBILITY JIG This fixture is used for holding a sheet of raw dough or flat bread to measure the breaking point of the stretched sample. Consisting of 2 aluminum plates, one
plate with 25.4mm hole and the other with 38.1mm hole complete with upper fixing plates to hold disc of flat sample. Used with TA18 and TA43 probes respectively. Requires Fixture Table Base TA-BT-KIT.

TA-DEC

DUAL EXTRUSION CELL The Dual Extrusion Cell is used for either forward or back extrusion of fruit puree, pudding, yogurt or similar products. Test cell is cylinder 40mm in diameter and 50mm depth. Forward extrusion forces a semi- solid sample through an outlet of known geometry. Complete with 4 plungers of 34mm, 36mm, 38mm and 40mm in diameter and interchangeable base plates with apertures of 8mm, 6mm, 4mm, 2mm and one blank. Requires Fixture Base Table TA- BT-KIT.

TA-DGF

DUAL GRIP FIXTURE These are multipurpose general jigs for tensile type testing. The fixtures utilize a universal fitting enabling 360º rotation for comprehensive test configuration. The 25mm wide grips are fitted with rubber inserts to maximise contact adhesion with sample and are capable of holding rectangular samples up to 5mm thick.
Each grip clamps from both sides of sample with two opposing thumbscrews.
Attaches to slot in CT3 base. Does not require any base table.

TA-DSJ

DOUGH STICKINESS JIG This fixture is used for measuring dough stickiness as a standard test; important for processing raw dough. Requires Fixture Base Table TA-BT-KIT and TA3/1000 or TA11/1000* probe.

TA-EP

EYE PENCIL TEST FIXTURE This fixture measures the hardness of cosmetic pencil tips for eye- or lip-ling products and can also be used for artistic type pencil tips. Requires Fixture Base Table TA-BT-KIT.

TA-FMBRA

FMBRA STANDARD DOUGH POT SET This set is used for preparing dough samples and measuring dough firmness. The set comprises of two test cells and two plungers: An aeration plunger and a compacting plunger. A known weight of sample is placed in the pot and the aeration plunger is used to remove air pockets through gentle rotation. The dough is then assessed for firmness using a TA41 6mm Ø stainless steel probe. Includes Dough Aerator, Dough Compactor & 2 Containers.

AMETEK Brookfield

Page 52

Manual No. M08-372-G0318 Rev. 2.0

TA-FSF TA-GPJ TA-HCF TA-JMPA
TA-KF TA-KSC
TA-LC TA-LTT TA-MA TA-MDI

FILM SUPPORT FIXTURE This fixture is used for puncture tests to measure the strength of fine films. Requires Fixture Base Table TA-BT-KIT.
GENERAL PEELING JIG This fixture measures the adhesive strength needed to remove the lid froma sealed container at 0°, 45°, and 90° angles. Requires Fixture Base Table TA-BT-KIT.
HAIR COMBABILITY TEST FIXTURE This fixture measures the effect of products, such as shampoo and conditioners, on the combability of hair.
JUNIOR MULTIPLE PROBE ASSEMBLY This multiple probe assembly, consisting of nine 3mm probes and corresponding base plate, is specifically designed to hold nine small samples of irregular geometry, such as peas, corn, nuts or dried fruit. Requires Fixture Base Table TA-BT-KIT.
KEIFFER DOUGH AND GLUTEN EXTENSIBILITY FIXTURE This fixture quantifies maximum force and distance needed to break the sample. Requires Fixture Base Table TA- BT-KIT.
KRAMER SHEAR CELL The Kramer Shear Cell follows principles of the Allo-Kramer Shear Press. Test cell (53mm X 57mm X 56mm) has clear Perspex front for viewing test progress. Ten shear cutting blades alternating (65mmL) are loosely suspended from blade holder. Blade holder has quick-release mounting mechanism allowing removal fro cleaning withour distrubing the alighnment. Requires Fixture Base Table TA-BT-KIT.
LIPSTICK CANTILEVER TEST FIXTURE This fixture allows imitative tests on lipstick and similar products to quantify the strength of a product. Requires Fixture Base Table TA-BT-KIT.
LOOP TACK TESTER This tester measures the adhesive strength of pressure sensitive tape and stickers according to ASTM D6195. Requires Fixture Base Table TA-BT-KIT.
MUCO ADHESION TEST FIXTURE This fixture quantifies tablet adhesiveness to a mucosal surface by simulating body and temp conditions and force needed to pull tablet away from surface.
METER DOSE INHALER TEST FIXTURE This fixture measuresthe push-button force to actuate the inhaler. Requires Fixture Base Table TA-BT-KIT.

AMETEK Brookfield

Page 53

Manual No. M08-372-G0318 Rev. 2.0

TA-MCF TA-MP TA-MTP
TA-NTF TA-OC002
TA-PF90 TA-PFS TA-PFS-C TA-PTF

MULTIPLE CHIP FIXTURE This fixture is used for testing the penetration or firmness of multiple chips/ french fries. Requires Fixture Base Table TA-BT- KIT.
MESH PROBE This fixture quantifies the consistency of products such as mayonnaise and yogurt. Requires Fixture Base Table TA-BT-KIT.
MAGNUS TAYLOR PROBE KIT This probe kit is used for puncture tests to measure the hardness of fresh fruit and vegetables. This kit includes the following probes: Flat End Probe, 3mm TA-MTP-3F; Round End Probe, 3mm TA-MTP-3R; Flat End Probe, 4mm TAMTP-4F; Round End Probe, 4mm TA-MTP-4R; Flat End Probe, 5mm TA-MTP5F; Radius End Probe, 5mm TA-MTP-5R; Flat End Probe, 6mm TA-MTP-6F; Radius End Probe, 6mm TA-MTP-6R; Flat End Probe, 7mm TA-MTP-7F; Radius End Probe, 7mm TA-MTP-7R. Requires Fixture Base Table TA-BT-KIT. Requires Fixture Base Table TA-BT-KIT.
NOODLE TEST FIXTURE This fixture is used to evaluate noodle quality. Requires Fixture Base Table TABT-KIT.
OTTAWA CELL The Ottawa cell follows principles of the Ottawa Test Measurement System (OTMS). Test cell (45mm X 45mm X 55mm) has clear Perspex front for viewing test progress. Corresponding plungers (43mm sq. and 40mm sq.) are used to compress and extrude samples. Complete With 3 Plates (one with pattern of holes 44mm diameter and the other with bars) and 2 Plungers for forward and back extrusion. Requires Fixture Base Table TA-BT-KIT.
90° PEEL FIXTURE This fixture measures the adhesive strength to pull tape of of a rigid surface using force at a 90° angle. Requires Fixture Base Table TA- BT-KIT.
PASTA FIRMNESS AND STICKINESS JIG This fixture measures the firmness and stickiness of uncooked pasta. Requires Fixture Base Table TA-BT-KIT.
COOKED PASTA FIRMNESS AND STICKINESS JIG This fixture measures the firmness and stickiness of cooked pasta and like products. Requires Fixture Base Table TA-BT-KIT.
PIZZA TENSILE FIXTURE This fixture quantifies cooked pizza firmness by measuring the tensile force and deformation distance to break the sample.

AMETEK Brookfield

Page 54

Manual No. M08-372-G0318 Rev. 2.0

TA-RCA

ROLLER CAM ACCESSORY This accessory’s grips measure the tensile strength and tear characteristics of material such as polymer films.

TA-RT

RAFT TESTER The Raft Tester looks like a L-hook. It is used in the assessment of the Strength of Alginate Rafts, used in the treatment of gastro-oesophagael reflux. The force required to pull the raft tester up through the raft is recorded as the raft strength (peak Load). Requires Fixture Base Table TA-BT- KIT.

TA-SBA001 & SET OF 4 SHEAR BLADES TA-SBA003 Including Warner Bratzler test jig complete with slotted base. The blade set
includes four shear blades either 1 mm (001) or 3 mm (003). The jig is utilized in the measurement of shearing and cutting forces, as the blades pass through a
sample. Requires Fixture Base Table TA-BT-KIT.

TA-SFF

SPAGHETTI FLEXURE FIXTURE This fixture is used to quantify flexure characteristics of uncooked spaghetti and other dry pastas.

TA-SFJ

SLIDING FRICTION JIG This fixture measures the coefficient of friction for packaging materials according to ASTM D1894. Requires Fixture Base Table TA- BT-KIT.

TA-STF

SPREAD TEST FIXTURE
This fixture quantifies the force to spread a material on a surface. The Fixture includes one male cone, five female cones and one female cone holder. Requires Fixture Base Table TA-BT-KIT.

TA-STJ

SYRINGE TESTING JIG This fixture is used for measuring the force required to push or pull a syringe plunger. Important to pre-filled syringe market or manufacturers of custom syringe products. Fixture designed to hold syringe barrel while pushing or pulling syringe plunger. A clamping mechanism to hold syringe barrel adjusts to accommodate barrel up to 40mm in diameter. Requires Fixture Base Table
TA-BT-KIT.

TA-TCA

TABLET COATING ADHESION FIXTURE This fixture measures the adhesion force of a tablet coating to a tablet. Requires Fixture Base Table TA-BT-KIT.

TA-TEF

TUBE EXTRUSION FIXTURE This fixture measures the force needed to squeeze cream or paste out of a tube. Requires Fixture Base Table TA-BT-KIT.

TA-TPB

THREE POINT BEND TEST FIXTURE
Three point bend test fixture is used for fracture tests of brittle materials. Sample supports can be adjusted to provide spacing from 10mm-70mm. Sample supports

AMETEK Brookfield

Page 55

Manual No. M08-372-G0318 Rev. 2.0

TA-TRF TA-TSF TA-VBJ
TA-WSP TA-WB-PY QTS-AVJ

and identical test blade are 80mm in length with a 1.5mm radius rounded edge. Requires Fixture Base Table TA-BT-KIT.
TORTILLA ROLL FIXTURE This fixture is used to evaluate changes in corn tortilla texture per AACC technical paper by measuring the force to roll up a tortilla. Requires Fixture Base Table TA-BT-KIT.
TAPE STICKINESS FIXTURE This fixture measures the adhesive force to pull tape off of a surface. Multiple tape samples can be tested simultaneously for average values. Requires Fixture Base Table TA-BT-KIT.
VOLODKEVITCH BITE JAWS Compression test used to simulate the shearing action of the front incisors as they bite through a food item, generating an indication of sample toughness or fibrousness. Consisting of both upper and lower jaws, the compressive movement of the travelling beam imitates the human “biting action”. Requires Fixture Base Table TA-BT-KIT.
WIRE SHEAR PLATE This fixture is an aluminium plate with aperture to pass wire cutting blade through a sample for shear type testing. Good for products with significant stickiness like cheese or butter. Includes TA53* cutting wire. Requires Fixture Base Table TA-BT-KIT.
WATER JACKET SAMPLE CUP FOR TEMP CONTROL Water jacketed cup assembly with RTD temperature probe and CABLE for temperature control on semi solid samples.
Adjustable vice Jigs left over from QTS inventory.

Miscellaneous TA-RT-5 TA-RT-3 TA-TBLT TA-BT-5 TA51 TA52-4 TA-LVL

T-Bolt (2)
Thumbnut (2) Table Bolt Nut Base Table Insert for TA-BT-KIT M6 to M3 Probe Adapter Packet of 5 Blades for TA52 Bubble Level

AMETEK Brookfield

Page 56

Manual No. M08-372-G0318 Rev. 2.0

A-3 Calibration Accessories

TA-CW-100C CALIBRATION WEIGHT SET, 100g WITH CASE & CERTIFICATE Set of weights (total mass 100g) to be used to check calibration of the 100g LFRA Texture Analyzer. Includes verification certificate traceable to NIST standards.

TA-CW-1000C CALIBRATION WEIGHT SET, 1000g WITH CASE & CERTIFICATE Set of weights (total mass 1000g) to be used to check calibration of the 1000g LFRA Texture Analyzer. Includes verification certificate traceable to NIST standards.
TA-CW-1500C CALIBRATION WEIGHT SET, 1500g WITH CASE & CERTIFICATE Set of weights (total mass 1500g) to be used to check calibration of the 1500g CT3 Texture Analyzer. Includes verification certificate traceable to NIST standards.

TA-CW-4500C CALIBRATION WEIGHT SET, 4500g WITH CASE & CERTIFICATE Set of weights (total mass 4500g) to be used to check calibration of the 4500g CT3 Texture Analyzer. Includes verification certificate traceable to NIST standards.

TA-CW-10KGC CALIBRATION WEIGHT SET, 10kg WITH CASE & CERTIFICATE Set of weights (total mass 10kg) to be used to check calibration of the 10kg CT3 Texture Analyzer. Includes verification certificate traceable to NIST standards.

TIA-8013

HANGER MOUNTING RING Used to hang calibration weights. Included with each weight set. Replacements may be ordered with this number. Included with all weight sets up to 10kg.

TA-CW-2550KGC CALIBRATION WEIGHT SET, 10kg WITH CERTIFICATE Set of two 5kg plates (total mass 10kg) to be used to check calibration of 25kg and 50kg CT3 Texture Analyzers. Includes verification certificate traceable to NIST standards, mounting ring and hanger (TIA-8021Y).

TA-CW-5000C 5kg CERTIFIED MASS Additional 5kg plates to be used with TA-CW- 2550KGC weight set. Order as many as needed to check calibration up to load cell maximum.

TIA-8021Y

MOUNTING RING AND HANGER Used for stacking TA-CW-5000C calibration weights for checking calibration of 25kg and 50kg CT3 Texture Analyzers. Included in TA- CW-2550KGC.

CCSCT3

Calibration & Certification for CT3

CT3 Train

CT3 On-Site Installation and Training one day on-site time

AMETEK Brookfield

Page 57

Manual No. M08-372-G0318 Rev. 2.0

A-4 Gelatin Accessories

TA-GBB-2

BROOKFIELD GELATIN BLOOM BOTTLE KIT (12 pcs) One dozen Brookfield gelatin bloom sample bottles w/BEL logo bottle holds 120ml volume and includes TA-SBS stoppers.

GELATIN BATH PREPARATION SYSTEM Gelatin Preparation Bath System
TC-450MX (qty2) and TC-351 (qty1) System is used by attaching TC-351 to one TC-450MX bath set to 10°C. Second TC-450MX bath is set to 60°C providing rapid transfer between the thermal environments necessary for conditioning gelatin for Bloom testing. Each bath has 29L reservoir and capacity for twelve (12) gelatin jars and a removable rack for easy handling. 21L of water is required for proper fluid level with rack and 12 bloom jars.

CT3-CS-100 BLOOM TEST STRIP For use with 100g CT3 Texture Analyzer to check load calibration.

CT3-CS-1000 BLOOM TEST STRIP For use with 1000g & 1500g CT3 Texture Analyzer to check load calibration.

AMETEK Brookfield

Page 58

Manual No. M08-372-G0318 Rev. 2.0

Appendix B – Troubleshooting
If no power to the instrument: Check:
· User replaceable fuses: two (2) fuses, 4 amp, 5 x 20 mm, time-lag located behind removable red color panel just above switch.
· Fuses located within power entry module on the rear of the instrument. · If the fuses blow continually, serious damage to the instrument could result. Contact repair
services immediately.
Probe won’t attach: · Check the thread on probe and probe shaft – remove any dirt.
Rotary Base table won’t move: · Ensure the locking knob is loose. · Ensure the fine adjust nut is loose.
Rotary Base table will not travel to the lowest position: · Loosen the fine adjust nut and rotate base table. · Locate the table in center of T-slot.
Instrument is unsteady: · Ensure that the bench top is stable. · Adjust the CT3 feet.
Probe doesn’t move when start is pressed: · Ensure the emergency stop button is not pressed in (rotate clockwise). · Ensure the test mode is not in Static Load. · Ensure the probe is not in contact with sample (or base table).
Display shows “REMOTE OPERATION” · This will always show when the computer interface cable is connected to the CT3. To use the CT3 without the computer program, the serial cable must be disconnected.

AMETEK Brookfield

Page 59

Manual No. M08-372-G0318 Rev. 2.0

Appendix C – Texture Loader Programming
OVERVIEW
Texture Loader software is provided to allow you to create on a PC and download into the CT3 up to ten test methods specific to your product. You may set up any CT3 test (Normal, Hold Time, Cycle, TPA or Tension) with test parameters specific to your product. Your product name may even appear as the test name, subject to an eight character limit.
There are ten memory slots for such programs available in the CT3, labeled 0-9. All memory slots containing tests will appear in sequence as the SELECT/SCROLL knob is rotated. Memory slots can later be hidden by erasing a test using the Erase Test button when its Test No. is selected.

OPERATION OF TEXTURE LOADER
The supplied communication cable, USB or RS232, must be connected to both the CT3 and any valid port on your computer. Turn on the CT3, select StandAlone mode and rotate the SELECT/ SCROLL knob to *DOWNLOAD TEST FROM PC.
Start TextureLoader software. Be sure to select the correct load cell of your CT3 and choose the correct communications port on your computer. You are now ready to create and load custom programs into your CT3 Texture Analyzer.

AMETEK Brookfield

Page 60

Manual No. M08-372-G0318 Rev. 2.0

User defined test window 1) Test mode: Choose the type of test you wish to create.
2) Test Number.: Select from the list the number of the memory slot in the CT3 where you wish to load the test.
3) Name: Enter the name of test as you wish it to appear on the screen of the CT3.
Test Parameters window Enter the desired test parameters. The specific test parameters available will vary depending upon the test mode chosen.
Now that you have created the test, you may:

Save test if desired by clicking on diskette icon button.
Click Send Test button to download the test to the CT3.
If you decide to change a parameter in a test that has been downloaded to the CT3, you can make the change and download the test to the same memory slot in the CT3. This will overwrite the initial program.
Target Hold is added to the user defined downloadable tests. The com spec “xx” field for “TXTNAME” is changed from values of 00-04 to 00-05. “05” represents the added test type Target Hold. The PGM command field “xxxx” is used for the target load value. The home screen for this test is shown below. Note that the test type is displayed as “TH”.

0:TESTNAME TH nnnn s

TRIGGER:

10.0 g

TARGET LOAD: 500 g

SPEED:

0.5 mm/s

The User Defined target hold test will operate the same as the standard target hold test except that there will be no ability to modify field values manually. It will essentially operate in a similar manner to other User Defined tests.

AMETEK Brookfield

Page 61

Manual No. M08-372-G0318 Rev. 2.0

Appendix D – CT3 Connector Wiring
Serial (RS-232) Communications Parameters

Baud Rate Data Bits Stop Bits Parity Handshake

115200 8 1 None None

No Connection

Receive Data (RxD)

No Connection

Transmit Data (TxD)

Cable Sensing

No Connection

5
Serial Ground

Cable Sensing

Pins 4 and 5 are used to sense presence of serial cable.

USB (DVP-202)Type B Port Communications Parameters

PIN 1: POWER PIN 2: – Data

PIN 3: + Data PIN 4: Cable Gnd

AMETEK Brookfield

Page 62

Manual No. M08-372-G0318 Rev. 2.0

Appendix E – Online Help and Additional Resources
www.brookfieldengineering.com The Brookfield website is a good resource for additional and self-help whenever you need it. Our website offers a selection of “how-to” videos, application notes, conversion tables, instructional manuals, material safety data sheets, calibration templates and other technical resources.
http://www.youtube.com/user/BrookfieldEng Brookfield has its own YouTube channel. Videos posted to our website can be found here as well as other “home-made” videos made by our own technical sales group.
Article Reprints – Available in Print Only – Brookfield has an extensive library of published articles relating to viscosity, texture and powder testing. Due to copyright restrictions, these articles cannot be emailed. Please request your hardcopy of articles by calling our customer service department directly or by emailing: marketing@brookfieldengineering.com – Available Online – Brookfield has a growing number of published articles that can be downloaded directly from the Brookfield website. These articles can be found on our main site by following this path: http://www.brookfieldengineering.com/support/documentation/article reprints
–
More Solutions to Sticky Problems Learn more about viscosity and rheology with our most popular publication. This informative booklet will provide you with measurement techniques, advice and much more. It’s a must-have for any Brookfield Viscometer or Rheometer operator. More Solutions is avaiable in print and also as a downloadable pdf on the Brookfield website by following this path:
https://www.brookfieldengineering.com/services/downloads/technical-documents
Training/Courses Whether it is instrument-specific courses, training to help you better prepare for auditing concerns, or just a better understanding of your methods, who better to learn from than the worldwide leaders of viscosity measuring equipment? Visit our Services section on our website to learn more about training.

AMETEK Brookfield

Page 63

Manual No. M08-372-G0318 Rev. 2.0

Appendix F – Warranty and Repair Service
Brookfield Texture Analyzers are guaranteed for one year from date of purchase against defects in materials and workmanship. The Texture Analyzer must be returned to AMETEK Brookfield or to the authorized dealer from whom it was purchased for a warranty evaluation. Transportation is at the purchaser’s expense. If returning to Brookfield, please contact us for a return authorization number prior to shipping. Failure to do so will result in a longer repair time.
For repair or service in the United States return to: AMETEK Brookfield
11 Commerce Boulevard Middleboro, MA 02346 U.S.A. Telephone: 508-946-6200 FAX: 508-923-5009 www.brookfieldengineering.com
For repair or service outside the United States, consult AMETEK Brookfield or the dealer from whom you purchased the instrument.
For repair or service in the United Kingdom return to: AMETEK (GB) Limited
Brookfield Technical Centre Stadium Way
Harlow, Essex CM19 5GX, England Telephone: (44) 27/9451774 FAX: (44) 27/9451775
www.brookfield.co.uk
For repair or service in Germany return to: AMETEK GmbH Hauptstrasse 18
D-73547 Lorch, Germany Telephone: (49) 7172/927100 FAX: (49) 7172/927105
www.brookfield-gmbh.de
For repair or service in China return to: AMETEK Commercial Enterprise (Shanghai) Co., Ltd Suite 905, South Tower, Xindacheng Plaza 193 Guangzhou Da Dao Bei, Yuexiu District Guangzhou, 510075, P. R. China
Telephone: (86) 20/3760-0548 FAX: (86) 20/3760-0548 www.brookfield.com.cn

On-site service at your facility is also available from AMETEK Brookfield. Please contact our Service Department in the United States, United Kingdom, Germany or China for details.

AMETEK Brookfield

Page 64

Manual No. M08-372-G0318 Rev. 2.0

References

Read User Manual Online (PDF format)

Read User Manual Online (PDF format) >>

Download This Manual (PDF format)

Download this manual >>

BROOKFIELD CT3 Texture Analyzer Instruction Manual

CT3 Texture Analyzer

CT3 Texture Analyzer

Specifications

Components

Utilities

Introduction

Usage Instructions

1. Components Check

2. Utilities Setup

3. Unit Selection

4. Load Cell Selection

5. Sample Preparation

6. Test Method Selection

7. Conducting the Test

8. Data Analysis

FAQ

Q: What is the principle of operation of the CT3 Texture

Q: What are the available load cell ranges for the CT3 Texture

Q: How do I connect the CT3 Texture Analyzer to a power

References

Read User Manual Online (PDF format)

Download This Manual (PDF format)

BROOKFIELD User Manuals

Related Manuals