Methylin Methylphenidate HCl Chewable Tablets Instructions
- June 15, 2024
- Methylin
Table of Contents
Methylin Methylphenidate HCl Chewable Tablets Instructions
WARNING: ABUSE, MISUSE, AND ADDICTION
Methylin has a high potential for abuse and misuse, which can lead to the
development of a substance use disorder, including addiction. Misuse and abuse
of CNS stimulants, including Methylin, can result in overdose and death (see
OVERDOSAGE), and this risk is increased with higher doses or unapproved
methods of administration, such as snorting or injection.
Before prescribing Methylin, assess each patient’s risk for abuse, misuse, and
addiction. Educate patients and their families about these risks, proper
storage of the drug, and proper disposal of any unused drug. Throughout
Methylin treatment, reassess each patient’s risk of abuse, misuse, and
addiction and frequently monitor for signs and symptoms of abuse, misuse, and
addiction (see WARNINGS, PRECAUTIONS, and DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE).
DESCRIPTION
Methylin® (methylphenidate HCl) is a mild central nervous system (CNS) stimulant, available as 2.5 mg, 5 mg and 10 mg chewable tablets for oral administration. Methylphenidate hydrochloride is methyl -phenyl-2-piperidineacetate hydrochloride, and its structural formula is
Methylphenidate hydrochloride USP is a white, odorless, fine crystalline powder. Its solutions are acid to litmus. It is freely soluble in water and in methanol, soluble in alcohol, and slightly soluble in chloroform and in acetone.
Each Methylin Chewable Tablet, for oral administration, contains 2.5 mg, 5 mg or 10 mg of methylphenidate hydrochloride USP. In addition, Methylin Chewable Tablets also contain the following inactive ingredients: aspartame, maltose, microcrystalline cellulose, guar gum, grape flavor, pregelatinized starch, and stearic acid.
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
Methylphenidate is a racemic mixture comprised of the d- and l-threo enantiomers. The d-threo enantiomer is more pharmacologically active than the l-threo enantiomer.
Methylphenidate HCl is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant.
The mode of therapeutic action in humans is not completely understood, but methylphenidate presumably activates the brain stem arousal system and cortex to produce its stimulant effect. Methylphenidate is thought to block the reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine into the presynaptic neuron and increase the release of these monoamines into the extraneuronal space.
There is neither specific evidence which clearly establishes the mechanism whereby Methylin produces its mental and behavioral effects in children, nor conclusive evidence regarding how these effects relate to the condition of the central nervous system.
Pharmacokinetics
Absorption
Methylin Chewable Tablets are readily absorbed. Following oral administration
of Methylin Chewable Tablets, peak plasma methylphenidate concentrations are
achieved at about 1 to 2 hours. Methylin Chewable Tablets have been shown to
be bioequivalent to Ritalin® tablet. The mean Cmax following a 20 mg dose is
approximately 10 ng/mL.
Food Effect
In a study in adult volunteers investigating the effects of a high-fat meal
on the bioavailability of Methylin Chewable Tablets at a dose of 20 mg, the
presence of food delayed the peak concentrations by approximately 1 hour (1.5
hours, fasted and 2.4 hours, fed). Overall, a high-fat meal increased the AUC
of Methylin Chewable Tablets by about 20%, on average. Through a cross-study
comparison, the magnitude of food effect is found to be comparable between the
Methylin Chewable Tablets and Ritalin, the immediate release tablet.
Metabolism and Excretion
In humans, methylphenidate is metabolized primarily via deesterification to
alpha-phenylpiperidine acetic acid (PPA, ritalinic acid). The metabolite has
little or no pharmacologic activity.
After oral dosing of radiolabeled methylphenidate in humans, about 90% of the radioactivity was recovered in urine. The main urinary metabolite was PPA, accounting for approximately 80% of the dose.
The pharmacokinetics of the Methylin Chewable Tablets have been studied in healthy adult volunteers. The mean terminal half-life (t½) of methylphenidate following administration of 20 mg Methylin Chewable Tablets (t½ = 3 hours) is comparable to the mean terminal t½ following administration of Ritalin (methylphenidate hydrochloride immediate-release tablets) (t½ = 2.8 hours) in healthy adult volunteers.
Special Populations
Gender The effect of gender on the pharmacokinetics of methylphenidate after
Methylin Chewable Tablets administration has not been studied.
Race The influence of race on the pharmacokinetics of methylphenidate after Methylin Chewable Tablets administration has not been studied.
Age The pharmacokinetics of methylphenidate after Methylin Chewable Tablets administration have not been studied in pediatrics.
Renal Insufficiency
There is no experience with the use of Methylin Chewable Tablets in patients
with renal insufficiency. After oral administration of radiolabeled
methylphenidate in humans, methylphenidate was extensively metabolized and
approximately 80% of the radioactivity was excreted in the urine in the form
of ritalinic acid. Since renal clearance is not an important route of
methylphenidate clearance, renal insufficiency is expected to have little
effect on the pharmacokinetics of Methylin Chewable Tablets.
Hepatic Insufficiency There is no experience with the use of Methylin Chewable Tablets in patients with hepatic insufficiency.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Attention Deficit Disorders, Narcolepsy Attention Deficit Disorders
(previously known as Minimal Brain Dysfunction in Children). Other terms being
used to describe the behavioral syndrome below include: Hyperkinetic Child
Syndrome, Minimal Brain Damage, Minimal Cerebral Dysfunction, Minor Cerebral
Dysfunction.
Methylin is indicated as an integral part of a total treatment program which
typically includes other remedial measures (psychological, educational,
social) for a stabilizing effect in children with a behavioral syndrome
characterized by the following group of developmentally inappropriate
symptoms: moderate-to-severe distractibility, short attention span,
hyperactivity, emotional lability, and impulsivity. The diagnosis of this
syndrome should not be made with finality when these symptoms are only of
comparatively recent origin. Nonlocalizing (soft) neurological signs, learning
disability, and abnormal EEG may or may not be present, and a diagnosis of
central nervous system dysfunction may or may not be warranted.
Special Diagnostic Considerations
Specific etiology of this syndrome is unknown, and there is no single
diagnostic test. Adequate diagnosis requires the use not only of medical but
of special psychological, educational, and social resources.
Characteristics commonly reported include: chronic history of short attention
span, distractibility, emotional lability, impulsivity, and moderate-to-severe
hyperactivity; minor neurological signs and abnormal EEG. Learning may or may
not be impaired. The diagnosis must be based upon a complete history and
evaluation of the child and not solely on the presence of one or more of these
characteristics.
Drug treatment is not indicated for all children with this syndrome.
Stimulants are not intended for use in the child who exhibits symptoms
secondary to environmental factors and/or primary psychiatric disorders,
including psychosis. Appropriate educational placement is essential and
psychosocial intervention is generally necessary. When remedial measures alone
are insufficient, the decision to prescribe stimulant medication will depend
upon the physician’s assessment of the chronicity and severity of the child’s
symptoms.
CONTRAINDICATIONS
Methylin is contraindicated in patients known to be hypersensitive to
methylphenidate or other components of the drug.
Methylin is contraindicated during treatment with monoamine oxidase
inhibitors, and also within a minimum of 14 days following discontinuation of
a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (hypertensive crises may result).
WARNINGS
Abuse, Misuse, and Addiction Methylin has a high potential for abuse and
misuse. The use of Methylin exposes individuals to the risks of abuse and
misuse, which can lead to the development of a substance use disorder,
including addiction. Methylin can be diverted for non-medical use into illicit
channels or distribution (see DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE). Misuse and abuse of
CNS stimulants, including Methylin, can result in overdose and death (see
OVERDOSAGE), and this risk is increased with higher doses or unapproved
methods of administration, such as snorting or injection.
Before prescribing Methylin, assess each patient’s risk for abuse, misuse, and
addiction. Educate patients and their families about these risks and proper
disposal of any unused drug. Advise patients to store methylphenidate in a
safe place, preferably locked, and instruct patients to not give Methylin to
anyone else. Throughout Methylin treatment, reassess each patient’s risk of
abuse, misuse, and addiction and frequently monitor for signs and symptoms of
abuse, misuse, and addiction.
Risks to Patients with Serious Cardiac Disease Sudden death has been reported
in patients with structural cardiac abnormalities or other serious cardiac
disease who are treated with CNS stimulants at the recommended ADHD dosages.
Avoid Methylin use in patients with known structural cardiac abnormalities,
cardiomyopathy, serious cardiac arrhythmia, coronary artery disease, or other
serious cardiac disease.
Increased Blood Pressure and Heart Rate CNS stimulants cause an increase in
blood pressure (mean increase about 2 to 4 mmHg) and heart rate (mean increase
about 3 to 6 bpm). Monitor all patients for potential tachycardia and
hypertension.
Psychiatric Adverse Reactions Exacerbations of Pre-Existing Psychosis CNS
stimulants may exacerbate symptoms of behavior disturbance and thought
disorder in patients with a pre-existing psychotic disorder.
Induction of a Manic Episode in Patients with Bipolar Disease CNS stimulants
may induce a manic or mixed episode in patients. Prior to initiating
treatment, screen patients for risk factors for developing a manic episode
(e.g., comorbid or history of depressive symptoms or a family history of
suicide, bipolar disorder, or depression).
New Psychotic or Manic Symptoms CNS stimulants, at recommended doses, may
cause psychotic or manic symptoms (e.g., hallucinations, delusional thinking,
or mania) in patients without a prior history of psychotic illness or mania.
In a pooled analysis of multiple short-term, placebo-controlled studies of CNS
stimulants, psychotic or manic symptoms occurred in approximately 0.1% of CNS
stimulant-
treated patients, compared with 0% of placebo-treated patients. If such
symptoms occur, consider discontinuing Methylin.
Seizures
There is some clinical evidence that stimulants may lower the convulsive
threshold in patients with prior history of seizures, in patients with prior
EEG abnormalities in absence of seizures, and, very rarely, in patients
without a history of seizures and no prior EEG evidence of seizures. In the
presence of seizures, the drug should be discontinued.
Priapism
Prolonged and painful erections, sometimes requiring surgical intervention,
have been reported with methylphenidate products in both pediatric and adult
patients. Priapism was not reported with drug initiation but developed after
some time on the drug, often subsequent to an increase in dose. Priapism has
also appeared during a period of drug withdrawal (drug holidays or
discontinuation): Patients who develop abnormally sustained or frequent and
painful erections should seek immediate medical attention.
Peripheral Vasculopathy, Including Raynaud’s Phenomenon Stimulants, including Methylin, used to treat ADHD are associated with peripheral vasculopathy, including Raynaud’s phenomenon. Signs and symptoms are usually intermittent and mild; however, very rare sequelae include digital ulceration and/or soft tissue breakdown. Effects of peripheral vasculopathy, including Raynaud’s phenomenon, were observed in postmarketing reports at different times and at therapeutic doses in all age groups throughout the course of treatment. Signs and symptoms generally improve after reduction in dose or discontinuation of drug. Careful observation for digital changes is necessary during treatment with ADHD stimulants. Further clinical evaluation (e.g., rheumatology referral) may be appropriate for certain patients.
Long-Term Suppression of Growth in Pediatric Patients
CNS stimulants have been associated with weight loss and slowing of growth
rate in pediatric patients.
Careful follow-up of weight and height in pediatric patients ages 7 to 10
years who were randomized to either methylphenidate or non-medication
treatment groups over 14 months, as well as in naturalistic subgroups of newly
methylphenidate-treated and non-medication treated pediatric patients over 36
months (to the ages of 10 to 13 years), suggests that pediatric patients who
received methylphenidate for 7 days per week throughout the year) had a
temporary slowing in growth rate (on average, a total of about 2 cm less
growth in height and 2.7 kg less growth in weight over 3 years), without
evidence of growth rebound during this development period.
Closely monitor growth (weight and height) in Methylin-treated pediatric
patients. Pediatric patients who are not growing or gaining height or weight
as expected may need to have their treatment interrupted (see PRECAUTIONS).
Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma There have been reports of angle closure glaucoma
associated with methylphenidate treatment.
Although the mechanism is not clear, Methylin-treated patients considered at
risk for acute angle closure glaucoma (e.g., patients with significant
hyperopia) should be evaluated by an ophthalmologist.
Increased Intraocular Pressure and Glaucoma There have been reports of an
elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) associated with methylphenidate
treatment (see ADVERSE REACTIONS).
Prescribe Methylin to patients with open-angle glaucoma or abnormally
increased IOP only if the benefit of treatment is considered to outweigh the
risk. Closely monitor Methylin-treated patients with a history of abnormally
increased IOP or open angle glaucoma.
Motor and Verbal Tics, and Worsening of Tourette’s Syndrome CNS stimulants, including methylphenidate, have been associated with the onset or exacerbation of motor and verbal tics. Worsening of Tourette’s syndrome has also been reported. Before initiating Methylin, assess the family history and clinically evaluate patients for tics or Tourette’s syndrome. Regularly monitor patients for the emergence or worsening of tics or Tourette’s syndrome with Methylin, and discontinue treatment if clinically appropriate.
USE IN CHILDREN LESS THAN SIX YEARS OF AGE
Methylin should not be used in children under six years, since safety and
efficacy in this age group have not been established.
DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE
Controlled Substance Methylin contains methylphenidate, a Schedule II
controlled substance.
Abuse Methylin has a high potential for abuse and misuse which can lead to the
development of a substance use disorder, including addiction (see WARNINGS,
PRECAUTIONS). Methylin can be diverted for nonmedical use into illicit
channels or distribution.
Abuse is the intentional non-therapeutic use of a drug, even once, to achieve
a desired psychological or physiological effect. Misuse is the intentional
use, for therapeutic purposes, of a drug by an individual in a way other than
prescribed by a healthcare provider or for whom it was not prescribed. Drug
addiction is a cluster of behavioral, cognitive, and physiological phenomena
that may include a strong desire to take the drug, difficulties in controlling
drug use (e.g., continuing drug use despite harmful consequences, giving a
higher priority to drug use than other activities and obligations), and
possible tolerance or physical dependence.
Misuse and abuse of methylphenidate may cause increased heart rate,
respiratory rate, or blood pressure; sweating; dilated pupils; hyperactivity;
restlessness; insomnia; decreased appetite; loss of coordination; tremors;
flushed skin; vomiting; and/or abdominal pain. Anxiety, psychosis, hostility,
aggression, and suicidal or homicidal ideation have also been observed with
CNS stimulants abuse and/or misuse. Misuse and abuse of CNS stimulants,
including Methylin, can result in overdose and death (see OVERDOSAGE), and
this risk is increased with higher doses or unapproved methods of
administration, such as snorting or injection. Dependence Physical Dependence
Methylin may produce physical dependence. Physical dependence is a state that
develops as a result of physiological adaptation in response to repeated drug
use, manifested by withdrawal signs and symptoms after abrupt discontinuation
or a significant dose reduction of a drug.
Withdrawal signs and symptoms after abrupt discontinuation or dose reduction
following prolonged use of CNS stimulants including Methylin include dysphoric
mood; depression; fatigue; vivid, unpleasant dreams; insomnia or hypersomnia;
increased appetite; and psychomotor retardation or agitation.
Tolerance Methylin may produce tolerance. Tolerance is a physiological state
characterized by a reduced response to a drug after repeated administration
(i.e., a higher dose of a drug is required to produce the same effect that was
once obtained at a lower dose).
PRECAUTIONS
General Patients with an element of agitation may react adversely; discontinue
therapy if necessary.
Periodic CBC, differential, and platelet counts are advised during prolonged
therapy.
Drug treatment is not indicated in all cases of this behavioural syndrome and
should be considered only in light of the complete history and evaluation of
the child. The decision to prescribe Methylin should depend on the physician’s
assessment of the chronicity and severity of the child’s symptoms and their
appropriateness for his/her age. Prescription should not depend solely on the
presence of one or more of the behavioral characteristics.
When these symptoms are associated with acute stress reactions, treatment with
Methylin is usually not indicated.
Long-term effects of Methylin in children have not been well established.
Information for Patients Advise the patient to read the FDA-approved patient
labeling (Medication Guide).
Abuse, Misuse, and Addiction Educate patients and their families about the
risks of abuse, misuse, and addiction of Methylin, which can lead to overdose
and death, and proper disposal of any unused drug (see WARNINGS, PRECAUTIONS,
DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE, OVERDOSAGE). Advise patients to store Methylin in a
safe place, preferably locked, and instruct patients to not give Methylin to
anyone else.
Risks to Patients with Serious Cardiac Disease Advise patients that there are
potential risks to patients with serious cardiac disease, including sudden
death, with Methylin use. Instruct patients to contact a healthcare provider
immediately if they develop symptoms such as exertional chest pain,
unexplained syncope, or other symptoms suggestive of cardiac disease (see
WARNINGS).
Increased Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Advise patients that Methylin can
elevate blood pressure and heart rate (see WARNINGS).
Psychiatric Adverse Reactions Advise patients that Methylin, at recommended
doses, can cause psychotic or manic symptoms, even in patients without a prior
history of psychotic symptoms or mania (see WARNINGS).
Priapism
Advise patients, caregivers, and family members of the possibility of painful
or prolonged penile erections (priapism). Instruct the patient to seek
immediate medical attention in the event of priapism.
Circulation Problems in Fingers and Toes [Peripheral Vasculopathy, Including
Raynaud’s Phenomenon]
- Instruct patients beginning treatment with Methylin about the risk of peripheral vasculopathy, including Raynaud’s phenomenon, and associated signs and symptoms: fingers or toes may feel numb, cool, painful, and/or may change color from pale, to blue, to red.
- Instruct patients to report to their physician any new numbness, pain, skin color change, or sensitivity to temperature in fingers or toes.
- Instruct patients to call their physician immediately with any signs of unexplained wounds appearing on fingers or toes while taking Methylin.
- Further clinical evaluation (e.g., rheumatology referral) may be appropriate for certain patients.
Suppression of Growth in Pediatric Patients Advise patients, caregivers, and
family members that Methylin can cause slowing of growth and weight loss (see
WARNINGS).
Increased Intraocular Pressure and Glaucoma Advise patients that IOP and
glaucoma may occur during treatment with Methylin (see WARNINGS).
Motor and Verbal Tics, and Worsening of Tourette’s Syndrome Advise patients
that motor and verbal tics and worsening of Tourette’s syndrome may occur
during treatment with Methylin. Instruct the patients to notify their
healthcare provider if emergence or worsening of tics or Tourette’s syndrome
occurs (see WARNINGS).
Choking Taking this product without adequate fluid may cause it to swell and
block your throat or esophagus and may cause choking. Do not take this product
if you have difficulty in swallowing. If you experience chest pain, vomiting,
or difficulty in swallowing or breathing after taking this product, seek
immediate medical attention.
Directions Take this product (child or adult dose) with at least 8 ounces (a
full glass) of water or other fluid. Taking this product without enough liquid
may cause choking. See choking warning.
Phenylketonurics Phenylalanine is a component of aspartame. Each 2.5 mg
Methylin Chewable Tablet contains 0.42 mg of phenylalanine; each 5.0 mg
Methylin Chewable Tablet contains 0.84 mg of phenylalanine and each 10.0 mg
Methylin Chewable Tablet contains 1.68 mg of phenylalanine.
Drug Interactions
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOI) Concomitant use of MAOIs and CNS
stimulants, including Methylin can cause hypertensive crisis. Potential
outcomes include death, stroke, myocardial infarction, aortic dissection,
ophthalmological complications, eclampsia, pulmonary edema, and renal failure
(see CONTRAINDICATIONS). Concomitant use of Methylin with
MAOIs or within 14 days after discontinuing MAOI treatment is contraindicated.
Antihypertensive Drugs Methylin may decrease the effectiveness of drugs used
to treat hypertension. Monitor blood pressure and adjust the dosage of the
antihypertensive drug as needed.
Halogenated Anesthetics Concomitant use of halogenated anesthetics and Methylin may increase the risk of sudden blood pressure and heart rate increase during surgery. Avoid use of Methylin in patients being treated with anesthetics on the day of surgery.
Risperidone Combined use of methylphenidate with risperidone when there is a
change, whether an increase or decrease, in dosage of either or both
medications, may increase the risk of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS). Monitor
for signs of EPS.
Methylin may decrease the hypotensive effect of guanethidine. Use cautiously
with pressor agents.
Human pharmacologic studies have shown that Methylin may inhibit the
metabolism of coumarin anticoagulants, anticonvulsants (phenobarbital,
diphenylhydantoin, primidone), phenylbutazone, and tricyclic drugs
(imipramine, clomipramine, desipramine). Downward dosage adjustments of these
drugs may be required when given concomitantly with Methylin.
Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility
In a lifetime carcinogenicity study carried out in B6C3F1 mice,
methylphenidate caused an increase in hepatocellular adenomas and, in males
only, an increase in hepatoblastomas, at a daily dose of approximately 60
mg/kg/day. This dose is approximately 30 times and 2.5 times the maximum
recommended human dose on a mg/kg and mg/m2 basis, respectively.
Hepatoblastoma is a relatively rare rodent malignant tumor type. There was no
increase in total malignant hepatic tumors. The mouse strain used is sensitive
to the development of hepatic tumors, and the significance of these results to
humans is unknown.
Methylphenidate did not cause any increase in tumors in a lifetime
carcinogenicity study carried out in F344 rats; the highest dose used was
approximately 45 mg/kg/day, which is approximately 22 times and 4 times the
maximum recommended human dose on a mg/kg and mg/m2 basis, respectively.
Methylphenidate was not mutagenic in the in vitro Ames reverse mutation assay
or in the in vitro mouse lymphoma cell forward mutation assay. Sister
chromatid exchanges and chromosome aberrations were increased, indicative of a
weak clastogenic response, in an in vitro assay in cultured Chinese Hamster
Ovary (CHO) cells. The genotoxic potential of methylphenidate has not been
evaluated in an in vivo assay.
Usage in Pregnancy
Adequate animal reproduction studies to establish safe use of Methylin during
pregnancy have not been conducted. However, in a recently conducted study,
methylphenidate has been shown to have teratogenic effects in rabbits when
given in doses of 200 mg/kg/day, which is approximately 167 times and 78 times
the maximum recommended human dose on a mg/kg and a mg/m2 basis, respectively.
In rats, teratogenic effects were not seen when the drug was given in doses of
75 mg/kg/day, which is approximately 62.5 and 13.5 times the maximum
recommended human dose on a mg/kg and a mg/m2 basis, respectively. Therefore,
until more information is available, methylphenidate should not be prescribed
for women of childbearing age unless, in the opinion of the physician, the
potential benefits outweigh the possible risks.
ADVERSE REACTIONS
Nervousness and insomnia are the most common adverse reactions but are usually
controlled by reducing dosage and omitting the drug in the afternoon or
evening. Other reactions include hypersensitivity (including skin rash,
urticaria, fever, arthralgia, exfoliative dermatitis, erythema multiforme with
histopathological findings of necrotizing vasculitis, and thrombocytopenic
purpura); anorexia; nausea; dizziness; palpitations; headache; dyskinesia;
drowsiness; blood pressure and pulse changes, both up and down; tachycardia;
angina; cardiac arrhythmia; abdominal pain; weight loss during prolonged
therapy; libido changes; and rhabdomyolysis, increased intraocular pressure,
motor and verbal tics. There have been rare reports of Tourette’s syndrome.
Toxic psychosis has been reported. Although a definite causal relationship has
not been established, the following have been reported in patients taking this
drug: instances of abnormal liver function, ranging from transaminase
elevation to severe hepatic injury; isolated cases of cerebral arteritis
and/or occlusion; leukopenia and/or anemia; transient depressed mood; a few
instances of scalp hair loss; serotonin syndrome in combination with
serotonergic drugs. Very rare reports of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)
have been received, and, in most of these, patients were concurrently
receiving therapies associated with NMS. In a single report, a ten year old
boy who had been taking methylphenidate for approximately 18 months
experienced an NMS-like event within 45 minutes of ingesting his first dose of
venlafaxine. It is uncertain whether this case represented a drug-drug
interaction, a response to either drug alone, or some other cause.
In children, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, weight loss during prolonged
therapy, insomnia, and tachycardia may occur more frequently; however, any of
the other adverse reactions listed above may also occur.
OVERDOSAGE
Clinical Effects of Overdose
Overdose of CNS stimulants is characterized by the following sympathomimetic
effects:
- Cardiovascular effects including tachyarrhythmias, and hypertension or hypotension. Vasospasm, myocardial infarction, or aortic dissection may precipitate sudden cardiac death. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy may develop.
- CNS effects including psychomotor agitation, confusion, and hallucinations. Serotonin syndrome, seizures, cerebral vascular accidents, and coma may occur.
- Life-threatening hyperthermia (temperatures greater than 104°F) and rhabdomyolysis may develop.
Overdose Management
Consider the possibility of multiple drug ingestion. Because methylphenidate
has a large volume of distribution and is rapidly metabolized, dialysis is not
useful. Consider contacting the Poison Help line
(1-800-222-1222) or a medical
toxicologist for additional overdose management recommendations.
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
Prior to treating patients with Methylin, assess:
- for the presence of cardiac disease (i.e., perform a careful history, family history of sudden death or ventricular arrhythmia, and physical exam) (see WARNINGS).
- the family history and clinically evaluate patients for motor or verbal tics or Tourette’s syndrome (see WARNINGS).
Dosage should be individualized according to the needs and responses of the
patient.
Directions Take this product (child or adult dose) with at least 8 ounces (a
full glass) of water or other fluid. Taking this product without enough liquid
may cause choking. See choking warning.
Adults Administer in divided doses 2 or 3 times daily, preferably 30 to 45
minutes before meals. Average dosage is 20 to 30 mg daily. Some patients may
require 40 to 60 mg daily. In others, 10 to 15 mg daily will be adequate.
Patients who are unable to sleep if medication is taken late in the day should
take the last dose before 6 p.m.
Children (6 years and over) Methylin should be initiated in small doses, with
gradual weekly increments. Daily dosage above 60 mg is not recommended.
If paradoxical aggravation of symptoms or other adverse effects occur, reduce
dosage, or, if necessary, discontinue Methylin. If improvement is not observed
after appropriate dosage adjustment over a onemonth period, the drug should be
discontinued.
Chewable Tablets: Start with 5 mg twice daily (before breakfast and lunch)
with gradual increments of 5 to 10 mg weekly.
Drug treatment should not and need not be indefinite and usually may be
discontinued after puberty.
HOW SUPPLIED
Each Methylin Chewable Tablet 2.5 mg is available as a white to cream colored,
grape flavored, rounded square tablet with a convex surface, debossed with a
“2.5” and “CHEW” below it on one side, and a debossed on the other side.
Bottles of 100……………….NDC 59630-760-10
Each Methylin Chewable Tablet 5 mg is available as a white to cream colored,
grape flavored, rounded square tablet with a convex surface, debossed with a
“5” and “CHEW” below it on one side, and a debossed on the other side.
Bottles of 100……………….NDC 59630-761-10
Each Methylin Chewable Tablet 10 mg is available as a white to cream colored,
grape flavored, scored rounded square tablet with a convex surface, debossed
with a “10” and “CHEW” below it on one side, and a debossed on the other side.
Reference ID: 5260564
Bottles of 100……………….NDC 59630-762-10 Protect from moisture. Dispense in tight container with child-resistant closure. Storage: Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Methylin is a trademark of Mallinckrodt LLC. Ritalin is a registered trademark of Novartis Corporation.
Distributed by: Shionogi Inc. Florham Park, NJ 07932
Manufactured by: SpecGx LLC Webster Groves, MO 63119 USA
MCT-PI-05 L20M18
Rev 10/2023
MEDICATION GUIDE Methylin® Chewable Tablets (methylphenidate HCl chewable
tablets)
2.5 mg, 5 mg, and 10 mg
What is the most important information I should know about Methylin Chewable
Tablets?
Methylin Chewable Tablets may cause serious side effects, including:
-
Abuse, misuse, and addiction. Methylin Chewable Tablets have a high chance for abuse and misuse and may lead to substance use problems, including addiction. Misuse and abuse of Methylin Chewable Tablets, other methylphenidate containing medicines, and amphetamine containing medicines, can lead to overdose and death. The risk of overdose and death is increased with higher doses of Methylin Chewable Tablets or when it is used in ways that are not approved, such as snorting or injection.
- Your healthcare provider should check you or your child’s risk for abuse, misuse, and addiction before starting treatment with Methylin Chewable Tablets and will monitor you or your child during treatment.
- Methylin Chewable Tablets may lead to physical dependence after prolonged use, even if taken as directed by your healthcare provider.
- Do not give Methylin Chewable Tablets to anyone else. See “What Are Methylin Chewable Tablets?” for more information.
- Keep Methylin Chewable Tablets in a safe place and properly dispose of any unused medicine. See “How should I store Methylin Chewable Tablets?” for more information.
- Tell your healthcare provider if you or your child have ever abused or been dependent on alcohol, prescription medicines, or street drugs.
-
Risks for people with serious heart disease. Sudden death has happened in people who have heart defects or other serious heart disease.
Your healthcare provider should check you or your child carefully for heart problems before starting Methylin Chewable Tablets. Tell your healthcare provider if you or your child have any heart problems, heart disease, or heart defects.
Call your healthcare provider or go to the nearest hospital emergency room right away if you or your child have any signs of heart problems such as chest pain, shortness of breath, or fainting during treatment with Methylin Chewable Tablets. -
Increased blood pressure and heart rate. Your healthcare provider should check you or your child’s blood pressure and heart rate regularly during treatment with Methylin Chewable Tablets.
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Mental (Psychiatric) problems, including:
- new or worse behavior and thought problems
- new or worse bipolar illness
- new psychotic symptoms (such as hearing voices, or seeing or believing things that are not real) or new manic symptoms
Tell your healthcare provider about any mental problems you or your child have, or about a family history of suicide, bipolar illness, or depression.
Call your healthcare provider right away if you or your child have any new or worsening mental symptoms or problems while taking Methylin Chewable Tablets, especially hearing voices, seeing or believing things that are not real, or new manic symptoms.
What are Methylin Chewable Tablets? Methylin Chewable Tablets are a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant prescription medicine. Methylin Chewable Tablets are tablets that are made to be chewed and swallowed. They are used for the treatment of Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Methylin Chewable Tablets may help increase attention and decrease impulsiveness and hyperactivity in patients with ADHD.
Methylin Chewable Tablets are also used in the treatment of a sleep disorder
called narcolepsy.
Methylin Chewable Tablets are a federally controlled substance (CII) because
they contain methylphenidate that can be a target for people who abuse
prescription medicines or street drugs. Keep Methylin Chewable Tablets in a
safe place to protect them from theft. Never give your Methylin Chewable
Tablets to anyone else, because it may cause death or harm them. Selling or
giving away Methylin Chewable Tablets may harm others and is against the law.
Who should not take Methylin Chewable Tablets? Methylin Chewable Tablets
should not be taken if you or your child:
- are taking or have taken within the past 14 days an ant depression medicine called a monoamine oxidase inhibitor or MAOI.
- are allergic to anything in Methylin Chewable Tablets. See the end of this Medication Guide for a complete list of ingredients.
Methylin Chewable Tablets should not be used in children less than 6 years old
because they have not been studied in this age group.
Methylin Chewable Tablets may not be right for you or your child. Before
starting Methylin Chewable Tablets tell your or your child’s healthcare
provider about all health conditions (or a family history of) including:
- heart problems, heart disease, heart defects, or high blood pressure
- mental problems including psychosis, mania, bipolar illness, or depression, or have a family history of suicide, bipolar illness, or depression
- seizures or have had an abnormal brain wave test (EEG)
- circulation problems in fingers and toes
- have eye problems, including increased pressure in your eye, glaucoma, or problems with your close-up vision (farsightedness)
- have or had repeated movements or sounds (tics) or Tourette’s syndrome, or have a family history of tics or Tourette’s syndrome Tell your healthcare provider if you or your child is pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding.
Can Methylin Chewable Tablets be taken with other medicines? Tell your
healthcare provider about all of the medicines that you or your child take
including prescription and nonprescription medicines, vitamins, and herbal
supplements.
Methylin Chewable Tablets and some medicines may interact with each other and
cause serious side effects. Sometimes the doses of other medicines will need
to be adjusted while taking Methylin Chewable Tablets.
Your healthcare provider will decide whether Methylin Chewable Tablets can be
taken with other medicines.
Especially tell your healthcare provider if you or your child takes:
- ant depression medicines including MAOIs
- seizure medicines
- blood thinner medicines
- blood pressure medicines
- cold or allergy medicines that contain decongestants
Know the medicines that you or your child takes. Keep a list of your medicines
with you to show your healthcare provider and pharmacist.
Do not start any new medicine while taking Methylin Chewable Tablets without
talking to your healthcare provider first.
How should Methylin Chewable Tablets be taken?
- Take Methylin Chewable Tablets exactly as prescribed. Your healthcare provider may adjust the dose until it is right for you or your child.
- Methylin Chewable Tablets are usually taken 2 to 3 times a day.
- Take Methylin Chewable Tablets 30 to 45 minutes before a meal.
- Chew Methylin Chewable Tablets well and swallow with at least 8 ounces (a full glass) of water or other liquid. Methylin Chewable Tablets can swell and cause choking if enough liquid is not taken with them. Get emergency medical care if you have chest pain, vomiting, or trouble swallowing, or breathing after taking a Methylin Chewable Tablet.
- Your healthcare provider may do regular checks of the blood, heart, and blood pressure while you are taking Methylin Chewable Tablets. Children should have their height and weight checked often while taking Methylin Chewable Tablets. Methylin Chewable Tablets treatment may be stopped if a problem is found during these check-ups.
If you or your child take too much Methylin Chewable Tablets, call your
healthcare provider or Poison Help line at
1-800-222-1222 or go to the nearest
hospital emergency room right away.
What are possible side effects of Methylin Chewable Tablets? See “What is the
most important information I should know about Methylin Chewable Tablets?” for
information on reported heart and mental problems.
Other serious side effects include:
Reference ID: 5260564
- Slowing of growth (height and weight) in children. Children should have their height and weight checked often during treatment with Methylin Chewable Tablets. Your healthcare provider may stop your child’s Methylin Chewable Tablets treatment if they are not growing or gaining weight as expected.
- Seizures, mainly in patients with a history of seizures
- Painful and prolonged erections (priapism) have occurred with methylphenidate. If you or your child develop priapism, seek medical help right away. Because of the potential for lasting damage, priapism should be evaluated by a healthcare provider immediately.
- Circulation problems in fingers and toes (peripheral vasculopathy, including Raynaud’s phenomenon): fingers or toes may feel numb, cool, painful, and/or may change color from pale, to blue, to red. Tell your healthcare provider if you have or your child has numbness, pain, skin color change, or sensitivity to temperature in your fingers or toes or if you have or your child has any signs of unexplained wounds appearing on fingers or toes while taking Methylin Chewable Tablets. · Eye problems (increased pressure in the eye and glaucoma). Call your healthcare provider right away if you or your child develop changes in your vision or eye pain, swelling, or redness.
- New or worsening tics or worsening Tourette’s syndrome. Tell your healthcare provider if you or your child get any new or worsening tics or worsening Tourette’s syndrome during treatment with Methylin Chewable Tablets.
Common side effects include:
- nervousness
- trouble sleeping
- headache
- stomach ache
- fast heart beat
- nausea
- decreased appetite
- dizziness
- weight loss
Talk to your healthcare provider if you or your child has side effects that are bothersome or do not go away.
This is not a complete list of possible side effects. Ask your healthcare provider or pharmacist for more information.
Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
How should I store Methylin Chewable Tablets?
- Store Methylin Chewable Tablets in a safe place at room temperature, 68° to 77°F (20° to 25°C). Protect from moisture.
- Dispose of remaining, unused, or expired Methylin Chewable Tablets by a medicine takeback program at a a U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) authorized collection site. If no take-back program or DEA authorized collector is available, mix Methylin Chewable Tablets with an undesirable, nontoxic substance such as dirt, cat litter, or used coffee grounds to make it less appealing to children and pets. Place the mixture in a container such as a sealed plastic bag and throw away Methylin Chewable Tablets in the household trash. Visit www.fda.gov/drugdisposal for additional information on disposal of unused medicines.
- Keep Methylin Chewable Tablets and all medicines out of the reach of children.
General information about Methylin Chewable Tablets
Reference ID: 5260564
Medicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes other than those listed in a
Medication Guide. Do not use Methylin Chewable Tablets for a condition for
which it was not prescribed. Do not give Methylin Chewable Tablets to other
people, even if they have the same condition. It may harm them and it is
against the law.
This Medication Guide summarizes the most important information about Methylin
Chewable Tablets. If you would like more information, talk with your
healthcare provider. You can ask your healthcare provider or pharmacist for
information about Methylin Chewable Tablets that is written for healthcare
professionals. For more information, please contact Shionogi Inc. at
1-800-849-9707 or visit the website at
www.methylinrx.com.
What are the ingredients in Methylin Chewable Tablets?
CAUTION PHENYLKETONURICS: Methylin Chewable Tablets contain phenylalanine.
Active Ingredient: methylphenidate hydrochloride USP
Inactive Ingredients: aspartame, maltose, microcrystalline cellulose, guar gum, grape flavor, pregelatinized starch, and stearic acid.
Distributed by:
Shionogi Inc.
Florham Park, NJ 07932
Manufactured by: MCT-MG-05
SpecGx LLC L20M30
Webster Groves, MO 63119 USA
This Medication Guide has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
References
- Safe Disposal of Medicines | FDA
- Products: Bringing Innovative Medicines to Patients | Shionogi Inc.