SUPER B Epsilon 12V100Ah 12V Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery 100Ah User Manual
- June 10, 2024
- SUPER-B
Table of Contents
SUPER B Epsilon 12V100Ah 12V Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery 100Ah User
Manual
Charging Manual Super B Energy Batteries
This document describes how to charge a Super B Lithium Iron Phosphate energy battery or batteries. It is meant for chargers that can be set with a charging profile to meet the Super B battery charge specification. This document can also be used to verify if a charger with a nonadjustable charge profile can be used to charge Super B batteries.
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Charging
Warning! Never overcharge the Li-ion battery, this will permanently
damage the Li ion battery. Always use a charger which automatically halts the
charging process when the Li-ion battery is full.
Warning! Stop the charging process if the Li-ion battery gets too hot
during charging (>55-60°C).
Warning! Never charge a Li-ion battery with a charging current larger
than specified in the manual as this will damage the Li-ion battery.
Caution! Disconnect the charger from the mains and the Li-ion battery if
it is not used for a long time. Note that the CAN network draws current when
active.
Caution! To preserve the lifespan of the Li-ion battery use a suitable
charger or a charger approved by Super B. The use of other chargers, such as
lead-acid chargers can shorten the lifespan of the Li-ion battery. AGM / GEL
chargers may be used if the charge voltages and duration of the different
charge states don’t exceed charge specification of the Li ion battery.
Connect the charger to the Li-ion battery as described in the battery manual.
Charge the Li-ion battery whenever the state of charge drops below 20% to preserve the lifespan of the Li-ion battery.
If the state of charge drops below 20%, always keep the voltage of the Li- ionbattery above 10 V.
Charging rate
Super B batteries that are capable to be charge with 1C can be charged from empty (0 % SoC) to full (100% Soc) in just over an hour. 1C indicates 1 times the capacity of the Li ion battery so a 100Ah battery which can be charged with 1C may be charged with 100 A. Displayed in Table 1 are the charge times for the Li-ion battery at different charge currents. Always use the indicated charge current and end of charge voltage during charging.
| Time | Charge current (A | Typical end of charge voltage | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maximum | 70-80 minutes | 1C | 14.4V |
| Endurance Lifecycle | 3 hours + ~20 min | C3 | 14.4V |
Table 1. Charging rate Super B lithium batteries
The maximum charge current for Super B lithium batteries is 1C. However for endurance cycle life Super B suggests to limit the current to C3. (1C = nominal battery capacity, C3 = 1/3 of nominal battery capacity).
Charging method
Super B recommends using the charging method called: “Constant Current
Constant Voltage” (CCCV). The CV part of charging is also used to balance the
cells of the Li-ion battery, and therefore prolonging the lifespan of the Li-
ion battery.
Figure 1. Charge profile Super B Batteries
Charge phases
The charging process consists of the following phases:
- Bulk phase
- Absorption phase
- Float phase
- Maintenance phase, this is optional and depends if the Li-ion battery is not charged regularly at 100% (and if the used charger is capable of)
Each charge phase will be described in more detail on the next pages.
Bulk phase
In this phase (CC part of CCCV) the Li-ion batteries are charged with a constant current up to the end of charge voltage (Uabsorption). When Uabsorption is reached, the charger switch to the absorption phase.
On some chargers the time t0 can be programmed. This is a safety precaution that stops the charger if the bulk phase is taking too long. Time t0 depends on the charge current and the Li-ion battery capacity. If this option is available t0 can be calculated and set using this formula:
With:
- t0: the bulk time in hour,
- Cbat : the battery nominal capacity in Ah,
- Ich : the charging current of the charger in Amps
The factor 1.2 is due to the Li-ion battery having more capacity than its rating and current measurement inaccuracy of the charger.
If, during charging, there is also power consumption this should be taken into account because the charge current will be less.
| Parameter | Min | Typical | Max |
|---|---|---|---|
| Uabsorption (12V) | 14.3V | 14.4V | 14.6V |
| Uabsorption (24V) | 28.6V | 28.8V | 29.2V |
| Uabsorption (48V) | 57.2V | 57.6V | 58.4V |
| Ich (A) | – | C3 | – |
| t0 | See formula above |
Table 2. Bulk Phase
Below an example with empty Li-ion batteries charged with a 30A charger. The bulk phase duration takes longer with higher nominal capacity:
| Battery | Cbat | Ich (A) | to < |
|---|---|---|---|
| EPSILON 12V90Ah | 90 Ah | 30 | 3 h:36 min |
| EPSILON 12V100Ah | 100 Ah | 30 | 4 h 00 min |
| EPSILON 12V150Ah | 150 Ah | 30 | 6 h 00 min |
| NOMADA 12V105Ah | 105 Ah | 30 | 4 h 12 min |
| NOMIA 12V160Ah | 160Ah | 30 | 6 h 24 min |
| NOMIA 12V210Ah | 210 Ah | 30 | 8 h 24 min |
| NOMIA 12V340Ah | 340 Ah- | 30 | 13 h 36 min |
Table 3. Bulk Phase Example 30A Charger
To lower the bulk phase duration, the use of a charger with more current is necessary. For instance, same example with a 60A charger:
| Battery | Cbat | Ich (A) | to < |
|---|---|---|---|
| EPSILON 12V90Ah | 90 Ah | 60 | 1 h 48 min |
| EPSILON 12V100Ah | 100 Ah | 60 | 2 h 00 min |
| EPSILON 12V150Ah | 150 Ah | 60 | 3 h 00 min |
| NOMADA 12V105Ah | 105 Ah | 60 | 2 h 6 min |
| NOMADA 12V105Ah | 160 Ah | 60 | 3 h 12 min |
| NOMIA 12V160Ah | 210 Ah | 60 | 4 h 12 min |
| NOMIA 12V210Ah | 340 Ah | 60 | 6 h 48 min |
Table 4. Bulk Phase Example 60A Charger
Absorption phase
In this phase (CV part of CCCV) the charge voltage is kept constant at Uabsor ption to fully charge the Li-ion battery and equalize the battery cells. The charger must supply a current low enough to balance the cells. The balancing current is max. 2A for the Nomia and max. 0.8A for the Nomada.
The duration of the absorption phase may vary depending on the age and state of health of the Li-ion battery. When the absorption time t1 is over, the charger switch to the float phase.
| Parameter | Min | Typical | Max |
|---|---|---|---|
| Uabsorption (12V) 1 | 14.3V | 14.4V | 14.6V |
| Uabsorption (24V) | 28.6V | 28.8V | 29.2V |
| Uabsorption (48V) | 57.2V | 57.6V | 58.4V |
| t1 | 10 minutes | 30 minutes | 1 hour |
Table 5. Absorption Phase
Float phase
In this phase the Li-ion battery is not charged any longer. The charger’s output voltage is set to U float. If there are devices on that take power from the Li-ion battery the charger will aid the battery or power all devices. Not all chargers have a float phase.
| Parameter | Min | Typical | Max |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ufloat (12V) | 13.6V | 13.8V | 13.9V |
| Ufloat (24V) | 27.2V | 27.6V | 27.8V |
| Ufloat (48V) | 54.4V | 55.2V | 55.6V |
Table 6. Float Phase
Discharge during float phase
During the float phase, the charger will supply the load. However, if this load is higher than the charger current, the battery will also need to supply partially the load. In this case, if the battery voltage drops below Ureturn, then the charging process will be repeated. A new bulk phase (t0’) followed by an absorption phase (t1’) will start again.
| Parameter | Min | Typical | Max |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ureturn (12V) | – | 12.8V | – |
| Ureturn (24V) | – | 25.6V | – |
| Ureturn (48V) | – | 51.2V | – |
Table 7. Discharge Phase
Optional maintenance phase
If supported by the charger, every t2 the charger can do a maintenance charge to make sure that the Li-ion batteries are kept fully charged. A new bulk phase (t0’’) followed by an absorption phase (t1’’) will start again.
| Parameter | Min | Typical | Max |
|---|---|---|---|
| t2 | – | 7 days or 10 cycles* | 20 days or 20 cycles* |
Table 8. Maintenance Phase
*Whichever comes first
Storage description
In storage, the Li-ion battery has to be disconnected from all loads (CAN included) and chargers. In this state, the battery self-discharge is below 3% a month.
Warning! Please follow the storage guidelines for each Super B Li-ion battery, which are available in their respective user manual.
Maintenance in storage
The battery should be charged every 3 months.
| Parameter | Min | Typical | Typical |
|---|---|---|---|
| t2 | – | 3 months | 12 months |
Table 9. Maintenance in storage
End of storage
At the end of a storage period and before using the Li-ion battery again, the battery needs to be fully charged.
Warning! When used in a system, all Li-ion batteries need to be charged at 100% SoC State of Charge) before installation
For more information please contact:
Super B Lithium Power B.V. Europalaan 202 7559 SC Hengelo (Ov) The Netherlands
Tel: +31 (0)88 0076 000
E-mail: info@super-b.com
www: www.super-b.com
Charging Manual January 2023
References
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