celona AP-10 Access Points for Private LTE or 5G Installation Guide
- June 5, 2024
- celona
Table of Contents
celona AP-10 Access Points for Private LTE or 5G
Introduction
This document provides the necessary guidance to help the user enable services on the Celona Indoor Access Point AP-10 capable of private LTE connectivity.
About the AP
Celona AP-10 is a 3GPP Release 12 compliant LTE Access Point with internal
antenna that supports the 3550 – 3700 MHz Citizens Broadband Radio Service
(CBRS) spectrum band. It includes two internal radios that support 2×2 MIMO
(multiple-input, multiple-output), 256-QAM modulation, and carrier aggregation
(CA). It can be ceiling or wall mounted.
Package Contents
Verify that you have received the items below. If any item is missing or
damaged, contact your Celona partner or reseller for instructions.
- The Access Point
- Mounting bracket and screws
- AC power adapter
Ethernet ports
The Celona AP-10 has two 10/100/1000 Ethernet ports. Currently, only one of
the ports, marked WAN, is used. Do not connect to the other port.
Power input
In addition to AC power, the Celona AP-10 supports IEEE 802.11at (POE+)
connectivity to drive internal circuitry. POE+ can be provided by a POE+
injector or a POE+ capable switch. The drawn power is ≤ 30 W.
Reset port
The Celona AP-10 has a physical port for hard resetting the device. However,
the reset port functionality is not enabled at this time.
GPS
A Subminiature version A (SMA) coaxial RF connector port is available for GPS.
If obtaining GPS lock is difficult, connecting a GPS puck to the Celona AP-10
may help achieve lock. The GPS puck is typically placed closer to a window
where there is line of sight visibility to the sky and a cable is extended
from the GPS puck to the SMA connector port for GPS on the Celona AP-10.
Status LEDs
The Celona AP-10 has 4 LEDs providing the following visual statuses for Power,
Backhaul connectivity, Service connectivity, Synchronisation. Among these, the
Service connectivity LED is bi-color. The table below details the statuses.
| LED | Identifier | Status |
|---|
1
|
Power
| Single level LED, green ON = Power on OFF = Power off
Blinking / Flashing LED = Rebooting
2
|
Service connectivity
| Bi-level LED, Blue and Red RED = Alarm, Issue with Service BLUE SOLID = Service established
BLUE BLINK = Mobile station active
3
|
Synchronization
| Single level LED, green ON = SYNC established
OFF = No SYNC or SYNC Lost
4
|
Backhaul connectivity
| Single level LED, green
GREEN SOLID = Backhaul established GREEN BLINK = Backhaul in use
OFF = No Backhaul available
Mounting
Installation Overview
The Celona AP-10 can be wall or ceiling mounted and has two Omnidirectional
internal antennas per channel, for a total of 4 antennas. Internal antennas
are down-tilt toward the front of the AP. Before you mount and deploy your
access point, we recommend that you perform a wireless design to determine the
best location to install your access point. The AP requires an operational
Celona Edge for discovery and network service. Celona recommends installation
and deployment of the Celona Edge prior to installation of access points. Have
the following information about your wireless network design available:
- Locations for access point installation
- Mounting requirements for each location: suspended from a drop-ceiling, surface mount on a hard ceiling, or on a flat horizontal surface
Installing the access point involves the following steps:
- Mounting and powering the Access Point
- Access Point Discovery and Provisioning
- Configuring the Access Point
Mounting and Powering the Access Point
The Celona AP-10 supports several mounting methods, including from a suspended
drop-ceiling, hard surface ceiling, and on a flat horizontal surface such as a
wall. The standard mounting hardware included with the AP supports these
mounting methods.
For drop-ceiling mounting, position the rear clips on the mounting bracket to the ceiling grid and twist counterclockwise until the springs lock into place. Two sets of rear clips on the mounting bracket support both 24mm and 15mm T-grid rails. Slide the AP onto the bracket arms and secure the AP to the bracket using the screw on the side of the mounting bracket.
For hard-surface mounting, attach the bracket to the hard surface using the included screws with the bracket arms for the AP extending vertically upward. Slide the AP onto the bracket arms and secure the AP to the bracket using the screw(s) on the side of the mounting bracket. The Celona AP-10 can be powered by IEEE 802.11at (POE+) on the WAN Ethernet port or connected to an AC electrical outlet using the optional AC power adapter.
Access Point Discovery and Provisioning
The AP will connect to the Celona Orchestrator for provisioning and discover
the Celona Edge within the network on-premises or in the private/public cloud
based on the site assignment. The AP will then connect directly to the Celona
Edge and establish control and data plane connections. Once this is completed,
the LTE LED on the AP will turn blue, signifying the private LTE network is
operational. This will take approximately 2-3 minutes.
Configuring the Access Point
The Celona AP-10 supports zero-touch provisioning. The AP is preconfigured
with details necessary to discover the Celona Orchestrator and the Celona Edge
automatically. After the AP discovers the Celona Orchestrator and the Celona
Edge, the AP gets provisioned with operational parameters and is authorized to
transmit. The Celona Edge alone controls the radio frequency transmission of
the Celona AP-10. Once the AP has gone operational, it is able to provide
services to mobile stations. The mobile stations can interact with the
enterprise network via the Celona Edge. The user data and control signals are
encrypted. The Celona AP-10 performance is periodically monitored by the
Celona Edge and operational parameters are continually optimized if necessary.
Refer to the Celona Orchestrator configuration guide for detailed instructions
on configuring Celona access points.
Solution Architecture
The high-level architecture that enables the Celona AP-10 is shown below
.
The system consists of the essential functions detailed in Figure 1: System Architecture. The Celona Orchestrator performs AP authentication, validates the AP’s serial number, determines the network the AP needs to connect to and finally directs the Celona AP-10 to the serving Celona Edge. Each Celona AP-10 obtains service via its serving Celona Edge. The Celona Edge registers the Celona AP-10, arbitrates spectrum with an FCC-approved Spectrum Access Service (SAS) system in the United States and algorithmically determines the most optimal radio parameters for the AP. The Celona Edge becomes automatically aware of the Celona AP-10’s location and its existing surrounding radio environment. Once the AP is admitted by the Celona Edge, the AP is able to commence radio transmissions and service the mobile stations.
Celona AP-10 capabilities
The following sections give the reader the capabilities of the Celona Indoor
Access Point (AP), which is based on the Qualcomm platform. The AP hosts
functions to provide the following services:
- Resource management with admission and flow control
- Encryption of user data and control streams
- Registering mobile stations with Celona Edge for connectivity services
- Paging the mobile stations that are in power save mode
- Fairness in allocation of resources across multiple stations in uplink & downlink directions
- Measurement configurations and handling of mobility of mobile stations
Operations and Maintenance
The Celona AP-10 is operationally maintained by the Celona Orchestrator and Celona Edge using the Broadband Forum standard TR-069. For the AP, the radio parameter provisioning, performance monitoring and fault monitoring occur over the TR-069 interface. The AP supports the following technical reports from the Broadband Forum.
| AP Management data model | Technical Report (TR) identifiers |
|---|---|
| Configuration management | TR-196 Issue 2 |
TR-181 Issue 2 Amendment 5
Performance management| TR-262
Fault management| TR-157 Amendment 5
Celona AP-10’s performance is monitored between every 5 minutes and 15 minutes based on the periodicity determined by the Celona Edge. If a fault surfaces on the AP, the fault is automatically propagated by the AP to the Celona Edge and the Celona Orchestrator.
Security
The certificates that are required to establish HTTPS connections with the
Celona Orchestrator and the IPSEC channel with the Celona Edge are installed
to the AP-10 at the factory. If the certificates need to be updated or
replaced, the process is automatically triggered and managed by the Celona
Edge. The certificates conform to the industry-compliant X.509 standard. The
IPSEC gateway is provisioned at the Celona AP-10 through the Celona
Orchestrator. IKEv2 is used to establish the IPSEC tunnel between the Celona
AP-10 and the Celona Edge.
Phase and time synchronization
Celona AP-10 supports Time Division Duplex (TDD) which has strict requirements
for maintaining time and phase synchronization so that it does not interfere
with neighboring APs. The Celona AP-10s have a built-in, high-fidelity GPS
chip that can establish location as well as maintain clock synchronization.
The AP’s carrier frequency accuracy, time and phase drifts are disciplined by
the onboard GPS clock. If the AP cannot obtain a GPS lock for any reason,
Celona AP-10 synchronizes with a Precision Time Protocol (PTP) server to
maintain time, phase and frequency synchronization.
Data and voice connectivity
Mobile stations can access data, video and voice applications over the
enterprise IP network via the Celona Edge after the Celona AP-10 has its radio
enabled. Note that the Celona AP-10 can provide voice, video and data sessions
simultaneously to mobile stations. Celona AP-10 automatically determines the
capability of mobile stations before determining whether requested services
can be accommodated. Celona AP-10 and Celona Edge perform admission control
for mobile stations and Celona Edge enforces authentication of the mobile
station before accepting service requests and keeps all control signals and
user data encrypted. Celona AP-10 employs sophisticated adaptive modulation
and code rate control for adapting mobile station links according to the
dynamic channel conditions seen on the air interface. It also employs
effective power control to keep transmit powers from the mobile stations as
low as practicable.
Power save mode
Celona AP-10 enables and controls power save options on the mobile stations.
When a mobile station has encountered a long lull in data volume, Celona AP-10
monitors traffic volume on each flow enabled at the mobile station. When the
traffic volume is zero for a duration of time, duration determined by the
Celona AP-10 based on mobile capability as well as current loading in the
system, Celona AP-10 enables Power Save mode on the mobile station. While in
power save mode, the mobile station is able to turn off its receiver and
transmitter functions for the most part except for essential functions. This
increases the battery standby time on the mobile stations. When the mobile
station is in power save mode and if there is user data destined towards the
mobile station, Celona Edge pages the mobile station indicating data arrival
via the Celona AP-10 in order to awaken the station.
Radio access technology
Celona AP-10 implements an extensive set of 3GPP worldwide standards to
provide advanced, 4th generation packet radio service to mobile stations.
AP radio access
technology
| Technical specifications
---|---
| All relevant Release 12 specifications from 3GPP
| 36.331 Release 12 – Radio Resource Control
36.321 Release 12 – Media Access Control
Advanced 4th
| 36.322 Release 12 – Radio Link Control
36.323 Release 12 – Packet Data Convergence
generation (4G) Long Term Evolution (LTE- Advanced)| 36.413 Release 12 – S1 Application interface
36.423 Release 12 – X2 Application interface
29.274 Release 12 – eGTP control plane
29.281 Release 12 – eGTP user plane
| 36.211 Release 12 – Physical channels and modulation
36.212 Release 12 – Physical channel multiplexing and coding
| 36.213 Release 12 – Physical layer procedures
36.214 Release 12 – Physical layer measurements
Supported frequency band
Celona AP-10 supports frequency ranges from 3400 MHz to 3800 MHz. The
operational frequencies are however limited to a narrower range, from 3550 MHz
to 3700 MHz, which is commonly labeled as the CBRS spectrum in the United
States or the LTE Band 48. Any Celona AP-10 within a Celona private LTE
network is automatically assigned frequency and power levels by Celona’s
unique Self Organizing Network (SON) software function, after the Celona Edge
retrieves available frequency channels per AP from SAS, given each AP’s geo-
location.
Seamless session mobility
If there are multiple Celona AP-10s in the system all connecting to the same
Celona Edge, the Celona AP-10s can enable seamless mobility for mobile
stations. The source and target Celona AP-10s handle the transfer of
contextual information corresponding to existing flows set up for the mobile
station automatically.
Coverage area
The coverage area of each Celona AP-10 depends on a number of factors:
- Transmit power authorized by the Spectrum Manager
- Transmit power set on the Celona AP-10 by Celona Edge
- Number of other APs operating on the same frequency in the geographic area
- Proximity of other APs operating on a different frequency but in the same band
- Building type and material types used within the building
- Expected minimum for data rate at the edge of coverage
As a rule of thumb, at maximum transmit power, the Celona AP-10 should provide coverage between 10,000 and 25,000 square feet.
Transmit power
The Celona AP-10 can transmit at a maximum power of 1 Watt per channel
inclusive of internal gain.
Supported system bandwidth
The Celona AP-10 supports two concurrent RF chains. The two RF chains provide
two distinct cellular sectors. The following combinations of system bandwidth
are possible depending on authorization provided by the Spectrum Manager.
Sector 1| Sector 2| Aggregated bandwidth (one
AP)
---|---|---
20 MHz| 20 MHz| 40 MHz
10 MHz| 10 MHz| 20 MHz
5 MHz| 5 MHz| 10 MHz
20 MHz| –| 20 MHz
10 MHz| –| 10 MHz
5 MHz| –| 5 MHz
Celona AP-10 aggregates two sectors for any mobile station that has ability to support carrier aggregation. For the mobile stations that have carrier- aggregation enabled, the maximum data rate is double that is possible in a single sector. Note that the mobile station remains connected to only one sector of the Celona AP-10. However, in real-time, Celona AP-10 selectively determines based on data demand whether to enable carrier aggregation and for which mobile stations.
Troubleshooting
Power LED is not green:
- Ensure the AP-10 has a POE+ (802.11 at) connection. POE (802.11 af) is not sufficient.
- Please check for loose connections between the POE+ injector / POE+ switch and the Celona AP-10.
Service connectivity LED is red:
- Ensure backhaul connectivity is active.
- It takes between 5-10 minutes on first power up and between 3-5 minutes on any subsequent power up to obtain service connectivity.
- If multiple Celona AP-10s are commissioned at the same time, ensure they are all powered up and that they have backhaul connectivity. Celona Edge employs self-organizing methods to collectively determine optimum radio parameters for all the Celona AP-10s that are commissioned.
Synchronization LED is off
- Ensure Celona AP-10 has one of the following options available:
- Celona AP-10 has visibility to sky.
- Celona AP-10 has an external GPS puck connected to the GPS SMA connector on the Celona AP-10. Ensure GPS puck has visibility to sky.
- Ensure the PTP server is on and on the same LAN as the Celona AP-10.
Backhaul connectivity is off
- Ensure Celona AP-10 is connected to the DSL MODEM / Cable MODEM or any other equipment that provides internet connectivity.
- Ensure the AP has a POE+ (802.11 at) connection. POE (802.11 af) is not sufficient.
- Please check for loose connections between the POE+ injector / POE+ switch and the Celona AP-10.
- Ensure the Celona AP-10 has an IP address assigned.
Contacting Support
Celona support is available via support@celona.io.
Warranty
As part of an active Celona Private LTE subscription, Celona indoor APs come with a limited warranty that includes advanced replacement for RMA.
Read User Manual Online (PDF format)
Read User Manual Online (PDF format) >>