Young Company 91000 Ultrasonic Anemometer Instructions
- June 4, 2024
- Young Company
Table of Contents
Young Company 91000 Ultrasonic Anemometer
INTRODUCTION
The Model 91000 Response ONEtm Ultrasonic Anemometer is a 2-axis, no-moving
parts wind sensor. It is ideal for general meteorological applications
requiring accurate and reliable measurement. The sensor features wide
operating range, compact size, easy installation, low power operation, and
durable corrosion-resistant construction throughout.
The Response ONE installs on readily-available 1 inch (IPS) pipe. Wiring
connections are made in a convenient, weather-proof junction box; special
connectors and custom cables are not needed.
Measured data is output in a serial format. NMEA, SDI-12, RMYT, and ASCII
protocols are available to suit many applications. Continuous serial output or
polled operation may be used.
RS-232 or RS-485 serial format options allows direct connection to YOUNG
displays, marine NMEA systems, data loggers, or other compatible serial
devices.
Operating parameters are easily reviewed and changed using the Response ONE
CONFIG program available for download at www.
youngusa.com. All settings are stored internally in
non-volatile memory.
SPECIFICATIONS
WIND SPEED
Range: 0 – 70 m/s (156
Resolution: 0.01 m/s
Accuracy: 0 – 30 m/s ±2% or 0.3 m/s
30 – 70 m/s ±3%
Response Time: <0.25 seconds
WIND DIRECTION
Azimuth Range: 0 – 360 degrees
Resolution: 0.1 degree
Accuracy: ± 2 degrees
Response Time: <0.25 seconds
SERIAL OUTPUT (Selectable)
Interface Type: RS-232 or RS-485/422, SDI-12
Formats: ASCII Text – polled or continuous
NMEA – continuous
SDI-12 – polled
RMYT – continuous
Baud Rates: 1200, 4800, 9600, 19200 and 38400
GENERAL
Output rate: 0.1 to 10 Hz
Power Supply: 10 – 30 VDC,
7 mA typical, 80 mA max
Protection Class: IP66
EMC Compliance: FCC Class A digital device
IEC standard 61326-1
Dimensions: 23 cm high x 13.5 cm wide
Weight: 0.5 kg (1.1 lb)
Shipping Weight: 1.4 kg (3.1 lb)
Operating Temperature: -40 – +60°C
BEFORE INSTALLATION
UNPACKING THE Response ONE
The Response ONE comes in a custom shipping carton. Carefully inspect the
instrument when first unpacking and report any visible damage to your YOUNG
supplier. Be sure to retain the bird spikes and orientation ring for use.
- Ultrasonic wind sensor array
- Junction box / wiring terminals
- Sensor cable (ordered separately)
- Mounting post clamp
- Orientation ring
- Bird spikes
INSTALLATION
PLACEMENT
Proper instrument placement is important. Eddies from buildings, trees, or
other structures can influence measurements. Locate
the sensor well away from obstructions. As a general rule, air flow around a
structure is disturbed to 10 times the height of the structure downwind and
1-1/2 times the height of the structure above the roof.
Fig 4.1 Wind Siting Considerations
MOUNTING AND ALIGNMENT
The ResponseONE mounts on standard 1-inch (IPS) pipe. This is commonly
available steel pipe with an outside diameter of 1.34 inches (34 mm). The
mounting pipe should be installed securely in
a vertical orientation.
Most applications require aligning the wind sensor array to geographic north
(0 degrees). In this orientation the junction box
faces SOUTH (180 degrees). See the diagram in APPENDIX B for details.
-
Place orientation ring over pipe with guide pin up.
-
Place sensor mounting post over pipe.
-
Obtain accurate geographic data for the installation site, this can be a topographic map, graphical GPS map or detailed road map. Using the transducers as a sighting aid, align the sensor with a remote feature that represents the proper orientation (Fig 4.2.1). After alignment, tighten the mounting post band clamp to secure the position.
DO NOT OVER-TIGHTEN. -
Slide the orientation ring up so its guide pin is fully engaged in the sensor mounting post notch (Fig 4.2.2). Tighten the orientation ring band clamp to secure its position.
DO NOT OVER-TIGHTEN.
If the ResponseONE is later removed, the orientation ring will preserve the sensor alignment.
Fig 4.2.2 Proper Engagement of Orientation Ring with Sensor
WIRING CONNECTIONS
The ResponseONE is supplied with RS-232, RS-485 and SDI-12 signal capability. Please select the signal type desired and refer to the appropriate WIRING CONNECTIONS diagram in APPENDIX A for connecting the ResponseONE to your serial device. Please note, the ResponseONE is not equipped with analog outputs.
OPERATION
SERIAL OUTPUT FORMATS
The ResponseONE comes standard with the following serial output formats:
Format/Protocol Wiring Format
ASCII Polled and Continuous RS-232, RS-485
NMEA 0183 v3.0 Automatic RS-232, RS-485
SDI-12 Polled SDI-12
RMYT RS-485
Detailed information about each protocol is in the following section.
If you wish to change settings from the factory default values shown in
Section 3, this is easily done using the ResponseONE CONFIG program described
in Section 6.0.
ASCII
ASCII output format provides continuous measurement data in text format at any
of the available baud rates.
The wind measurement in ASCII output appears either in POLAR (default) or
CARTESIAN UV format. With POLAR format, the wind speed threshold and wind
speed units are user-selectable. With
CARTESIAN the wind threshold is ignored and wind speed units are always meters
per second (m/s).
ASCII POLAR FORMAT
a www.ww ddd.d ss*cc
where:
a = Sensor address
www.ww = Wind speed
ddd.d = Wind direction
ss = Status code
- = Asterisk (ASCII 42)
cc = Checksum= Carriage return (ASCII 13) ASCII CARTESIAN (UV) FORMAT a uu.uu vv.vv ss*cc where: a = Sensor address ±uu.uu = U-axis wind speed (m/s) ±vv.vv = V-axis wind speed (m/s) ss = Status code - = Asterisk (ASCII 42)
cc = Checksum= Carriage return (ASCII 13)
CHECKSUM is a two-character hexadecimal value (in printable ASCII format)
generated by taking the exclusive-or of all characters up to the asterisk.
STATUS CODE shows a non-zero value when the sensor cannot acquire sufficient
samples or a measurement error has occurred. See APPENDIX C for more
information on status codes.
ASCII POLLED
ASCII POLLED is like ASCII format described above except just
one serial output string is sent for each polling command received.
The polling command is Ma! where ‘a’ is the sensor address (valid
characters: 0-9, A-Z, a-z). The default address is ‘0’ (ASCII 48).
RMYT
RMYT is a 6-byte binary data format sent at 9600 baud using RS-485
OUTPUT ONLY mode. It is for use with the YOUNG Model 06201
Wind Tracker
NMEA
NMEA format provides continuous measurements in standard NMEA marine sentences
at 4800 baud. The ResponseONE must be connected to a NMEA-capable device.
Specific details of the NMEA data string are below:
NMEA FORMAT
$WIMWV,ddd,R,www.w,u,A*cc
where:
WI = Device type (weather instrument)
MWV = Wind direction and speed
ddd = Wind direction (degrees)
www.w = Wind speed
u = Wind speed units
S = mph
N = knots
K = kmph
M = m/s
A = Data status code: A=valid, V=invalid
- = Asterisk (ASCII 42)
cc = Checksum= Carriage return, Line feed (ASCII 13,10)
CHECKSUM is the two-character printable hexadecimal value generated by taking
the exclusive-or of all characters between ‘$’
and ‘*’.
SDI-12
SDI-12 stands for serial data interface at 1200 baud. It is often used
to interface battery powered data recorders with microprocessor based devices
designed for environmental data acquisition. SDI-
12 is typically used when low power usage is required. The SDI-12 device
normally remains in a low power, standby state until it is polled at which
time a measurement is sent. SDI-12 can effectively address multiple sensors on
the same cable.
SDI-12 MEASUREMENT COMMAND S
Model 91000 uses the SDI-12 (v1.3) serial communication protocol to initiate
measurements and set sensor operation parameters.
The default sensor address is 0 (zero), and can be changed to any valid
single-character value if needed. Additional details about
the SDI-12 protocol may be found at www.sdi-12.org.
After initial power-up with 12 VDC, the sensor is in a low power standby state
with a quiescent current of 4.2 mA. A valid and
properly addressed SDI-12 command wakes the sensor to initiate a measurement,
set or check operating parameters. After command processing has finished, the
sensor returns to the low-power standby state.
SDI-12 ‘M’ or ‘C’ commands initiate a measurement. The sensor response message
indicates the maximum time needed before
the measurement is ready, and data values will be available. The maximum time
ranges from 1 to 5 seconds depending on the Sample Count.
If an ‘M’ command initiates a measurement, the sensor sends a Service Request
when the measurement is ready to be retrieved.
When the polling device receives the Service Request it then sends a ‘D’
command to request measurement results from the sensor. With ‘C’ commands, no
Service Request is sent, and the polling device must wait the full delay time
before sending the ‘D’ command to request the measurement.
SDI-12 Measurement commands and responses are listed below.
COMMAND RESPONSE DESCRIPTION
aM! attts
aMC! attts
checksum
aC! atttss
aCC! atttss
with CRC checksum
aD0! a+www.ww+ddd.d
a±uu.uu±vv.vv
where:
a = Sensor address
ttt = Delay time (seconds)
s/ss = Number of samples to collect
www.ww = Wind speed (selected units)
ddd.d = Wind direction (degrees)
±uu.uu = U-axis wind speed (m/s)
±vv.vv = V-axis wind speed (m/s)
Send Identification
vvv = Firmware Version
nnnnnn = Serial Number
aAb! b
a = Sensor address
b = New sensor address
aV! a0000
5.2.3 EXTENDED COMMANDS
The SDI-12 command set may be customized with Extended Commands to accommodate
manufacturer settings and other functions. Extended Commands are listed below.
Where two responses are shown, one is for a valid command, the other is for an
invalid (ERR) command.
COMMAND RESPONSE DESCRIPTION
aXB! aXB, OK
aXFn! aXF, F=n
0 or 1 (Polar or Cartesian)
aXF,ERR F=0/1
aXPn! Parameter report, 4 reports needed for all parameters
aXP1,F=f,UW=uw,T=t,S=s,W=w,CE=ce
a = Sensor address
f = Wind Format
uw = Polar wind speed units
1=mph
2=knots
3=km/h
4=m/s
t = Threshold, polar only (0-150 cm/s)
s = Sample count, internal (1-800)
w = Wait (seconds)
aXP2,OD=od,M=m,PWR=v VDC
od=WD Offset
m=WS Multiplier
v=Supply Voltage
aXPn,ERR n=1/2/3/4 ONLY
aXSnnn! nnn = Sample Count (001-800 samples)
aXS,S=nnn
aXS,ERR S=001-800 ONLY
aXMnnnnn! nnnnn=WS multiplier x 10000 (00000 – 30000)
aXM,M=nnnnn
aXM,ERR M=00000-30000 ONLY
aXTnnn! nnn = Wind Speed Threshold (000 – 150 cm/s)
aXT,T=nnn
aXT,ERR T=000-150 ONLY
aXUWn! n = Wind Speed Units
(1=mph, 2=knots, 3=kmph, 4=m/s)
aXUW,UW=n
aXUW,ERR UW=1/2/3/4 ONLY
aXOD±nnnn! ±nnnn = Wind Direction Offset x 10 (-3600 to
3600) aXOD,OP=±nnnn
aXOD,ERR OD= ONLY
IMPORTANT!
PARAMETER CHANGES MUST BE STORED IN FLASH MEMORY USING THE aXB! COMMAND OR
THEY WILL
REVERT TO PREVIOUSLY STORED VALUES AT POWER UP.
The aXB! command may be sent after all changes have been made, or not sent at
all if the changes are temporary
SAMPLE COUNT (aXSnnn!)
This command sets the number of internal samples used to calculate the
median measurement result. More internal samples
consume more power while providing greater immunity to conditions like
turbulent high-speed wind. Fewer samples consume less power while providing
less immunity to disruptive conditions.
Default setting is 100.
THRESHOLD (aXTnnn!)
Threshold sets the minimum wind speed needed before a new polar wind direction
is calculated. The default value is 25 cm/s (0.25 m/s). A greater-than-zero
threshold can help provide more meaningful scalar wind direction averages. The
threshold for Cartesian (UV) output format is automatically zero regardless of
this setting.
LOW POWER OPERATION
Average current consumption with default settings is about 7.5 mA.
This configuration uses minimal power and enables all features even though
they may not be used. This is suitable for many low power applications.
To reduce current consumption further, additional strategies include disabling
unused outputs, using polled serial operation, increasing the output interval,
and limiting the sample count to the minimum optimal number. Faster baud rates
also reduce power by limiting transmit duration.
SETTING OUTPUTS AND OPERATING
PARAMETERS
6.1 SENSOR CONFIGURATION WITH ResponseONE CONFIG PROGRAM (RECOMMENDED)
The YOUNG ResponseONE CONFIG program is available from the factory web site:
www.youngusa.com. It provides an easy method for
checking and configuring sensor operation. Install the program
on a Windows 7 or higher PC and follow instructions that appear on the program
screen to retrieve current sensor settings or send new settings.
Opening the Program
After installing the program on your PC, click the desktop icon to open the
program. The following screen should appear.
Fig 6.1 ResponseONE CONFIG program opening screen
If you are using the ResponseONE for the first time, the default settings will
appear. For reference these are:
FACTORY DEFAULT CONFIGURATION
Protocol: RS-232 ASCII / RS-485 (Output Only)
Baud Rate: 9600
Wind Format: Polar
Wind Units: m/s, Degrees azimuth
If these settings are correct for your application, then you may proceed with operation of the device. If you wish to change any settings, available options can be selected from menu items visible. After changes are made, the ResponseONE CONFIG program automatically saves the new settings in flash memory
SENSOR CONFIGURATION USING A GENERAL PURPOSE COMMUNICATIONS PROGRAM
A general purpose text-based serial communications program like HyperTerminal
may be used to manually configure the sensor by sending simple text commands.
The following guidelines apply:
The YOUNG sensor and communication program must operate at the same baud rate
and be properly connected. Sensor RS-232 mode must be enabled. See the RS-232
wiring diagram, FIGURE A1, in APPENDIX A.
Factory default sensor baud rate is 9600, Configure the serial communications
program for NO handshaking and 1 start, 8 data, 1 stop bit, no parity, no flow
control.
The sensor must be in COMMAND MODE in order to set parameters. Enter COMMAND
MODE by sending three ESC characters (ASCII 27) in quick succession while the
sensor is running. When the sensor is in COMMAND MODE, it sends a ‘>’ prompt
character indicating that it is ready to accept commands.
If the prompt does not appear after sending three indicating characters, re-
check wiring and communication program setup. If the sensor baud rate is
unknown, try sending the ESC characters at each of the five available baud
rates (1200, 4800, 9600, 19200 and 38400). It is also possible that sensor
parameters have been purposely configured to disable RS-232 mode. If this is
the case, the following method must be used.
In order to provide access under all conditions, the sensor always begins
operation at power up with serial communications set to 38400 baud and RS-232
connections enabled. Immediately after power up, there is a short time window
in which to send the ESC characters and enter COMMAND MODE.
To use this feature, set your serial communication program baud rate to 38400.
Remove power then wait 5 seconds. Re-apply power to the sensor. The sensor
will transmit four asterisks immediately after power up. After the asterisks
appear, send three ESC characters.
The COMMAND MODE ‘>’ prompt should appear. To do this using ResponseONE
CONFIG, connect the ResponseONE to your computer, open the program (make sure
the correct serial port is selected), then go to the ‘COMMANDS’ menu and
select ‘ACQUIRE ResponseONE’.
A window will come up telling you that the serial port will be set to 38400
baud. Click ‘OK’ to continue. Then simply apply power to the ResponseONE and
the program will connect automatically.
COMMAND OVERVIEW
After the ‘>’ prompt appears, send ‘??’ to display a list of available
commands. Send ‘RPTV’ to report current settings. (Note that some values in
the report are for factory settings and cannot be changed by the user.)
Commands are case sensitive and the exact format must be used.
For example, the SET01nn command requires two digits for the serial format
code. If you send SET014 instead of SET0104 the sensor will reject the command
and indicate an error. End all commands with
a carriage return (ASCII 13). In HyperTerminal, do this by pressing the ENTER
key.
After receiving the carriage return, the sensor will evaluate the command.
Valid commands will be executed. Current settings can be evaluated at any time
by sending RPTV to get a new report.
IMPORTANT NOTE:
The YOUNG ResponseONE CONFIG program automatically saves all settings to flash
memory when they are sent to the sensor. Settings that are changed manually
must be saved to flash with the SET77 command.
COMMAND DESCRIPTION
SET01nn Set output mode
SET02n Set output format
SET03nn Set baud rate
SET04n Set wind speed units
SET05a Set sensor address
SET06nnn Set wind speed threshold
SET07nnnnn Set wind speed multiplier
SET08±nnnn Set direction offset
SET09dd Set damping factor
SET10nnnn Set output interval
SET12nnn Set sample count
SET13n Set wind output format
SET77 Save settings
XX Operate mode
RPTV Report current settings
?? Display command list
HELP Display command list
COMMAND DETAILS COMMAND DESCRIPTION
SET01nn Enable RS-232 and RS-485 output modes.
Default value is 12
Where nn=04 Enable RS-232
08 Enable RS-485 output only
16 Enable RS-485 half duplex
24 Enable RS-485 full duplex
Usage example:
SET0104 Enables RS-232 only.
SET02n Set the serial output format. Default value is 2. Where n= 1 RMYT
2 ASCII
3 ASCII POLLED
4 NMEA
5 SDI-12
Usage example:
SET022 Sets output to ASCII continuous. Note: If SDI-12 is selected, save settings (SET77) then power must be cycled off, then on again to operate properly. SDI-12 automatically sets baud rate to 1200 and disables RS-232 and RS-485
SET03nn Set the baud rate for RS-232/RS-485 serial communication. Default value is 96.
Note: Baud rate must be the same as connected device. Where nn=12 1200 baud
48 4800 baud
96 9600 baud
19 19200 baud
38 38400 baud
Usage example:
SET0338 Sets baud rate to 38400.
SET04n Set wind speed units (ASCII, ASCII POLLED, NMEA and SDI-12). Default value is 4.
Where n= 1 mph
2 knots
3 mph
4 m/s
Usage example:
SET044 Sets wind speed to m/s.
SET05a Set sensor address for ASCII POLLED and SDI-12. Note: This is the address when polling with the “aM!” command (SDI-12) and Ma!’ command (ASCII Polled) where ‘a’ is the address. Default value is 0. Where a= 0-9, A-Z, or a-z
Usage example:
SET052 Sets polling address to number 2.
SET06nnn Set the wind speed threshold. Minimizes erratic wind direction indications at very low wind speeds. In polar mode, this allows the sensor output to mimic a mechanical wind vane that retains its orientation when there is no wind.
Default value is 25
Where nnn= 000-150 cm/s
Usage example:
SET06025 Sets wind speed threshold to 25 cm/s.
SET07nnnnn Set wind speed multiplier. Value is x10000. All wind speed measurements are multiplied by this parameter. Default value is 10000 for a multiplier of 1.0000.
Where nnnnn= 00000-30000
Usage example:
SET0709909 Sets multiplier to 0.9909
SET0710023 Sets multiplier to 1.0023
SET08±nnnn Set wind direction offset. Value is degrees x10 and may be positive or negative. Wind direction is always re-scaled to a 0-360 range after offset is applied. Default value is 00000.
Where ±nnnn= -3600 to +3600
Usage example:
SET08-0012 Offsets wind direction reading by -1.2 degrees
SET08+0005 Offsets wind direction reading by +0.5 degrees
SET09dd Set damping factor. Default value is 00. This means no damping is applied. High damping values at long output intervals can slow the rate at which indicated wind values change.
Wind measurement outputs are damped using the following formula:
Sdamped = [(dd-1) * Sdamped + Ssample] / dd
Where dd= Damping factor (00-99)
Sdamped = New or last damped wind speed
Ssample = New wind speed
Usage example:
SET0905 Sets damping factor to 5 (Note: Damping factor only applies to wind reading.)
SET10nnnn Set output interval. Sets the time interval between measurements in one millisecond increments. Lower values increase power consumption when continuous measurements are taken. Default is 1000.
Where nnnn= 0000-9999
Usage example:
SET101000 Sets output interval to 1000 milliseconds (1 second) (Note: If output interval is set too low, the ResponseONE will automatically calculate the minimum output interval.)
SET12nnn Set sample count. The rate at which the sensor internally takes complete sonic wind samples
is greater than 200 times per second. This command sets the number of internal samples used to calculate the median measurement result. Default is 100.
Where nnn= 000-800
Usage example:
SET12016 Sets sample count to 16.
More internal samples consume more power while providing greater immunity to conditions like turbulent high-speed wind. Fewer samples consume less power while providing less immunity to disruptive conditions. This command interacts with the OUTPUT INTERVAL setting. samples may require a longer output interval. SET13n Set ASCII output format. Determines whether ASCII and ASCII POLLED serial outputs provide wind data in either Polar (speed and direction or Cartesian (UV) form. Default is Polar. Where n= 0 Polar
1 Cartesian (UV)
Usage example:
SET130 Sets output format to polar.
SET77 Save all settings to non-volatile memory. Any settings which have not been saved will be
lost when power is removed. Saved settings are loaded at power up. This command may be used any time the sensor is in COMMAND MODE.
Note: ResponseONE CONFIG program automatically sends this command whenbutton is pressed. XX Returns the sensor to OPERATE MODE RPTV Report current settings Display command list HELP Display command list
EXAMPLE SETTINGS
Suggested settings. Not all possible setting combinations are shown.
The ResponseONE CONFIG program is recommended for changing setup parameters.
See wiring diagrams for jumper settings.
FACTORY DEFAULT
RS-232 Enabled
RS-485 (Output Only) Enabled
Serial Output Format: ASCII
Output Interval 1000
Sample Count: 100
MINIMUM POWER
RS-232 Enabled
RS-485 Disabled
Serial Output Format: ASCII
Output Interval 1000
Sample Count: 16
8.0 EMC COMPLIANCE
7.3 HIGH WIND
Output Delay: 1000
Sample Count: 200
AVERAGE CURRENT DRAW AT 12V
EMC COMPLIANCE
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to
the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful
interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received,
including interference that may cause undesired operation.
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class
A digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are
designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when
the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment
generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed
and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful
interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a
residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the
user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.
This ISM device complies with Canadian ICES-001.
Cet appareil ISM est conforme à Ia norme NMB-001 du Canada.
EN55011/CISPR 11, Group 1, Class B device.
Class B equipment is suitable for use in domestic establishments and in
establishments directly connected to a low voltage power supply network which
supplies buildings used for domestic purposes.
WARRANTY
This product is warranted to be free of defects in materials and construction for a period of 12 months from date of initial purchase. Liability is limited to repair or replacement of the defective item. A copy of the warranty policy may be obtained from R. M. Young Company.
CE COMPLIANCE
This product has been tested and complies with European CE requirements for the EMC Directive. Please note that shielded cable must be used.
APPENDIX A: WIRING CONNECTIONS
Figure A1: RS-232 SERIAL CONNECTION
Figure A2: RS-485 / RS-422 SERIAL CONNECTION – FULL DUPLEX
Figure A3: RS-485 / RS-422 SERIAL CONNECTION – HALF DUPLEX
Figure A4: RS-485 / RS-422 SERIAL CONNECTION – OUTPUT ONLY
Figure A5: SDI-12 SERIAL CONNECTION
Figure A6: RS-485 SERIAL CONNECTION – FULL DUPLEX
Figure A8: 06206 MARINE WIND TRACKER
Note:
Install unit vertically as shown to avoid moisture damage to circuitry.
Mounting
Standard 1-inch (IPS) pipe. OD 1.34″ (Ø 34 mm)
Status codes for ASCII output are hex values added together before output (a status code of 03 would be a code of 01 and 02). NMEA only allows for ‘acceptable’ or ‘void’ data. SDI-12 does not show a status code.
References
Read User Manual Online (PDF format)
Read User Manual Online (PDF format) >>