Four-Faith F8926-GW-02 LoRaWAN Indoor Gateway User Manual

June 15, 2024
Four-Faith

Four-Faith F8926-GW-02 LoRaWAN Indoor Gateway

Product Information

Specifications

  • Product Model: F8926-GW-02
  • Manufacturer: Xiamen Four-Faith Communication Technology Co., Ltd.
  • Website: https://www.fourfaith.com
  • Version: V2.0.0

Product Features

  • LoRaWAN Indoor Gateway
  • Supports multiple frequency bands including 2.4G WLAN, LORA, GSM900, DSC1800, WCDMA Band I, WCDMA Band VIII, LTE Band 1, LTE Band 3, LTE Band 7, LTE Band 8, LTE Band 20, LTE Band 28, LTE Band 38, and LTE Band 40
  • Maximum output power: 18.28dBm(EIRP), 7.62dBm(ERP), 34.50dBm, 31.50dBm, 25.50dBm, 25.50dBm, 25.00dBm, 25.00dBm, 25.00dBm, 25.00dBm, 25.00dBm, 25.00dBm, 25.00dBm, 25.00dBm

Block Diagram of Operation

[Insert block diagram image here]

Product Specifications

  • Frequency bands:
    • 2412-2472MHz
    • 863-870MHz
    • 880-915MHz(TX)
    • 925-960MHz(RX)
    • 1710-1785MHz(TX)
    • 1805-1880MHz(RX)
    • 1920-1980MHz(TX)
    • 2110-2170MHz(RX)
    • 880-915MHz(TX)
    • 925-960MHz(RX)
    • 1920-1980MHz(TX)
    • 2110-2170MHz(RX)
    • 1710-1785MHz(TX)
    • 1805-1880MHz(RX)
    • 2500-2570MHz(TX)
    • 2620-2690MHz(RX)
    • 880-915MHz(TX)
    • 925-960MHz(RX)
    • 832-862MHz(TX)
    • 791-821MHz(RX)
    • 703-748MHz(TX)
    • 758-803MHz(RX)
    • 2570-2620MHz
    • 2300-2400MHz
  • Maximum output power: 18.28dBm(EIRP), 7.62dBm(ERP), 34.50dBm, 31.50dBm, 25.50dBm, 25.50dBm, 25.00dBm, 25.00dBm, 25.00dBm, 25.00dBm, 25.00dBm, 25.00dBm, 25.00dBm, 25.00dBm

Product Usage Instructions

Chapter 1: Product Introduction

1.1 Product Overview

The F8926-GW-02 is a LoRaWAN Indoor Gateway manufactured by Xiamen Four-Faith Communication Technology Co., Ltd. It is designed to provide wireless communication for indoor applications.

1.2 Product Features

The F8926-GW-02 offers the following features:

  • LoRaWAN Indoor Gateway functionality
  • Support for multiple frequency bands including 2.4G WLAN, LORA, GSM900, DSC1800, WCDMA Band I, WCDMA Band VIII, LTE Band 1, LTE Band 3, LTE Band 7, LTE Band 8, LTE Band 20, LTE Band 28, LTE Band 38, and LTE Band 40
  • High output power for efficient signal transmission

1.3 Block Diagram of Operation

[Insert block diagram image description here]

1.4 Product Specifications

The F8926-GW-02 has the following specifications:

  • Frequency bands: [List of frequency bands]
  • Maximum output power: [List of maximum output powers]

Chapter 2: Installation

2.1 Unboxing

When you unbox the F8926-GW-02, make sure to check that all the included accessories are present. The accessories may vary depending on the model, so please refer to the actual product for details.

2.2 Mounting

To mount the F8926-GW-02, follow these steps:

  1. Select a suitable location for the gateway.
  2. Ensure that the mounting surface is clean and flat.
  3. Use screws or adhesive to securely attach the gateway to the mounting surface.

2.3 Power Connection

To power the F8926-GW-02, follow these steps:

  1. Connect the power adapter to the gateway’s power input port.
  2. Plug the power adapter into a suitable power outlet.

Chapter 3: Configuration

3.1 Network Settings

To configure the network settings of the F8926-GW-02, follow these steps:

  1. Connect a computer or mobile device to the gateway’s LAN port using an Ethernet cable.
  2. Open a web browser and enter the default IP address of the gateway (e.g., 192.168.1.1).
  3. Enter the default username and password to log in to the gateway’s web interface.
  4. Navigate to the network settings section and configure the desired network parameters (e.g., IP address, subnet mask, gateway address).
  5. Save the changes and restart the gateway for the new settings to take effect.

3.2 LoRaWAN Settings

To configure the LoRaWAN settings of the F8926-GW-02, follow these steps:

  1. Access the gateway’s web interface as described in the previous section.
  2. Navigate to the LoRaWAN settings section.
  3. Enter the required parameters such as the DevEUI, AppEUI, and AppKey.
  4. Save the changes and restart the gateway for the new settings to take effect.

Chapter 4: Troubleshooting

If you encounter any issues with the F8926-GW-02, please refer to the troubleshooting section of the user manual for detailed troubleshooting steps.

FAQs

Q: What frequency bands does the F8926-GW-02 support?

A: The F8926-GW-02 supports multiple frequency bands including 2.4G WLAN, LORA, GSM900, DSC1800, WCDMA Band I, WCDMA Band VIII, LTE Band 1, LTE Band 3, LTE Band 7, LTE Band 8, LTE Band 20, LTE Band 28, LTE Band 38, and LTE Band 40.

Q: What is the maximum output power of the F8926-GW-02?

A: The maximum output power of the F8926-GW-02 varies depending on the frequency band. Please refer to the product specifications for detailed information.

Q: How do I configure the network settings of the F8926-GW-02?

A: To configure the network settings, connect a computer or mobile device to the gateway’s LAN port, access the gateway’s web interface, navigate to the network settings section, and configure
the desired parameters.

Q: How do I configure the LoRaWAN settings of the F8926-GW-02?

A: To configure the LoRaWAN settings, access the gateway’s web interface, navigate to the LoRaWAN settings section, and enter the required parameters such as the DevEUI, AppEUI, and AppKey.

F8926-GW-02 LoRaWAN Indoor Gateway User Manual
LoRAWAN Indoor Gateway F8926-GW-02
User Manual
V2.0.0
Xiamen Four-Faith Communication Technology Co., Ltd. https://www.fourfaith.com

F8926-GW-02 LoRaWAN Indoor Gateway User Manual

Date
2022-08-29 2022-11-01
2023-08-15 2023-12-11

Document Revision History

Version
V1.0.0 V1.0.1
V1.0.2 V.2.0.0

Specification
Initial Version
Change the communication field “devEui” to “devEui” English Version Update
New version

Author
SGK/HGL/YSL/WSC SGK
YYL Jonas

F8926-GW-02 LoRaWAN Indoor Gateway User Manual

Copyright Statement
All materials or content contained in this document are protected by copyright law. All copyrights are owned by Xiamen Four-Faith Communication Technology Co., Ltd., except for content explicitly referenced from other sources. Without written permission from Four-Faith, no one may copy, distribute, reproduce, link, transmit, or otherwise use any content from this document for any commercial purposes. However, downloading or printing for non-commercial, personal use is permitted (provided that the material is not modified and the copyright notice or other ownership notices are retained).

Trademark Statement

Four-Faith

All are registered trademarks of

Xiamen Four-Faith Communication Technology Co., Ltd. Without prior written permission,

no one is allowed to use the name “Four-Faith” and the trademarks or symbols of

Four-Faith in any way.

FCC Caution:
Part 15.21 Any Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment. Part 15.19 This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. Part 15.105 Note: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures: –Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. –Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
–Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the
receiver is connected.
–Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.

F8926-GW-02 LoRaWAN Indoor Gateway User Manual
FCC RF Radiation Exposure Statement: 1. This Transmitter must not be co- located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter. 2. This equipment complies with RF radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment. 3.This equipment should be installed and operated with minimum distance 20cm between the radiator& your body.
RED Caution:
Hereby, Xiamen Four-Faith Communication Technology Co., Ltd. declares that this product is in compliance with essential requirements and other relevant provisions of Directive 2014/53/EU. This product is allowed to be used in all EU member states.

RF Function 2.4G WLAN LORA GSM900
DSC1800
WCDMA Band I
WCDMA Band VIII
LTE Band 1
LTE Band 3
LTE Band 7
LTE Band 8
LTE Band 20
LTE Band 28 LTE Band 38 LTE Band 40

Frequency bands
2412-2472MHz
863-870MHz
880-915MHz(TX) 925-960MHz(RX) 1710-1785MHz(TX) 18051880MHz(RX) 1920-1980MHz(TX) 2110-2170MHz(RX) 880-915MHz(TX) 925-960MHz(RX) 1920-1980MHz(TX) 2110-2170MHz(RX) 1710-1785MHz(TX) 1805-1880MHz(RX) 2500-2570MHz(TX) 2620-2690MHz(RX) 880-915MHz(TX) 925-960MHz(RX) 832-862MHz(TX) 791-821MHz(RX) 703-748MHz(TX) 758-803MHz(RX) 2570-2620MHz
2300-2400MHz

Maximum output power 18.28dBm(EIRP) 7.62dBm(ERP) 34.50dBm
31.50dBm
25.50dBm
25.50dBm
25.00dBm
25.00dBm
25.00dBm
25.00dBm
25.00dBm
25.00dBm 25.00dBm 25.00dBm

F8926-GW-02 LoRaWAN Indoor Gateway User Manual
Note: There may be differences in accessories and interfaces for different models. Please refer to the actual product for details.

F8926-GW-02 LoRaWAN Indoor Gateway User Manual

Product Introduction

1.1 Product Overview
The F8926-GW-02 series gateway is a wireless communication gateway based on the LoRaWAN standard protocol. It connects to various types of standard LoRaWAN protocol application nodes, collects information, and transmits it to the cloud server through wired Ethernet/4G/WIFI methods. This product utilizes a high-performance industrial-grade 32-bit communication processor, supported by an embedded real-time operating system as its software platform. It provides 1 Ethernet WAN (POE) port, 1 LAN port, and 1 WIFI interface, supporting WIFI wireless configuration management and online upgrades, with DC and POE+ power inputs.
The F8926-GW-02 gateway complies with the standard LoRaWAN protocol and supports multiple modes, including the embedded Network Server mode (Network Server deployed within the gateway), Basicstation mode (connecting to an external server corresponding to the Basicstation protocol), and Semtech UDP GWMP Protocol mode (connecting to an external NS server via GWMP UDP protocol).
This product has been widely applied in the IoT industry chain, including sectors such as M2M, smart meters, disaster monitoring, smart sensing, smart photovoltaics, smart grids, intelligent transportation, industrial automation, smart buildings, fire protection, public safety, environmental protection, meteorology, digital healthcare, remote sensing surveying, military, space exploration, agriculture, forestry, water management, coal mining, petrochemicals, and more.
1.2 Product Features
Industrial-Grade Application Design Utilizes High-Performance Industrial-Grade LoRa Module (SX1302) Utilizes High-Performance Industrial-Grade Wireless Module Utilizes High-Performance Industrial-Grade 32-bit Communication Processor Adopts a metal aluminum casing with an IP30 protection rating, metal casing, and
system security isolation, making it particularly suitable for industrial field applications. Wide power supply input (DC9~36V), standard: 12V/1.5A Supports POE+802.3af/atinput Stable and Reliable WDT Watchdog Design, Ensuring System Stability Utilizes a Comprehensive Anti-Drop Mechanism to Ensure Data Terminals Stay Online Permanently Ethernet Interface with Built-in 1.5KV Electromagnetic Isolation Protection SIM/UIM Card Interface with Built-in 15KV ESD Protection Power Interface with Built-in Reverse Polarity Protection and Overvoltage Protection

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F8926-GW-02 LoRaWAN Indoor Gateway User Manual
Antenna Interface Lightning Protection (optional) Standard and User-Friendly Provides Standard TYPE-C, 4G, Ethernet, and WiFi Interfaces, Allowing Direct
Connection to Serial Devices, Ethernet Devices, and WiFi Devices Provides Standard Wired WAN Port (Supports Standard PPPOE Protocol), Allowing
Direct Connection to ADSL Devices Smart Data Terminal, Enters Data Transmission State Upon Power On Provides Powerful Central Management Software for Convenient Device
Management (optional) Easy to Use, Flexible, Multiple Working Mode Options Convenient System Configuration and Maintenance Interfaces (Including Local and
Remote WEB and CLI Methods) Powerful Functionality Provides Wired Ethernet, 4G, WiFi, and Other Data Connection Methods LoRaWAN Protocol Versions: 1.0.2 and 1.0.3 LoRaWAN ProtocolClassAClassC WIFI supports 802.11b/g/n WiFi supports various encryption methods such as WEP, WPA, WPA2, as well as
features like MAC address filtering. Supports Semtech UDP GWMP Protocol mode Supports embedded Network Server mode, reducing operation and maintenance
costs as well as NS deployment costs, for simple and user-friendly management. Supports Basicstation mode, with various data encryption methods to ensure data
transmission security. Supports Platform Connection: LinkWAN, ChirpStack, Tencent Cloud, TTN (The
Things Network), AWS, etc. Provides HTTP Push, MQTT Subscribe and Publish, and TCP Connection Methods
to the Outside Supports configuration of MQTT topics for interfacing with the client, and allows data
content to be transformed using embedded JavaScript functions. Supports multiple WAN connection methods, including static IP, DHCP, L2TP, PPTP,
PPPOE, 2.5G/3G/4G. Supports intelligent dual-link switching and backup function for wireless cellular and
wired WAN (optional). Supports VPN client (PPTP, L2TP, OPENVPN, IPSEC, and GRE) (Note: Supported
only in the VPN version) Supports VPN server (PPTP, L2TP, OPENVPN, IPSEC, and GRE) (Note: Supported
only in the VPN version) Supports remote management, SYSLOG, SNMP, Telnet, SSHD, HTTPS, and other
functions. Supports local and remote online upgrades, as well as importing and exporting
configuration files. Supports NTP and has a built-in RTC.

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Supports various domestic and international DDNS Supports MAC address cloning and PPPOE server functionality. WiFi supports 802.11b/g/n, and offers various working modes including WiFi AP, AP
Client, Repeater, Bridge, and WDS (Wireless Distribution System) (optional) WiFi supports various encryption methods including WEP, WPA, WPA2, and offers
features like RADIUS authentication and MAC address filtering. Supports various online and offline trigger modes, including SMS, ringing, serial data,
and network data-triggered online/offline modes. Supports APN/VPDN Supports multiple DHCP servers and DHCP clients, DHCP binding with MAC
addresses, DDNS, firewall, NAT, DMZ host, QoS, traffic statistics, real-time display of data transmission rate, and other functions. Supports multiple network protocols including TCP/IP, UDP, FTP (optional), HTTP, and more. Supports SPI firewall, VPN passthrough, access control, URL filtering, and other functions.
1.3 Block Diagram of Operation
The block diagram of the router’s operation is as follows:

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1.4 Product Specifications

Wireless Parameters

Items

Contents

F8926-GW-02 LoRaWAN Gateway

Standards and
Frequency

Supports Full NetworkLTE FDDLTE TDDEVDOWCDMATD-SCDMA CDMA1XGPRS/EDGE

Bands

LTE FDD: Downlink Speed 100Mbps, Uplink Speed 50Mbps

Theoretical Bandwidth

LTE TDD: Downlink Speed 61Mbps, Uplink Speed 18Mbps DC-HSPA+: Downlink Speed 42Mpbs, Uplink Speed 5.76 Mbps TD-HSPA+: Downlink Speed 4.2Mbps, Uplink Speed 2.2Mbps EVDO Rev. A: Downlink Speed 3.1Mbps, Uplink Speed 1.8Mbps

Receiver Sensitivity

<-97dBm

WIFI Wireless Parameters

Items

Contents

Standards and

Frequency Support IEEE802.11b/g/n Standard

Bands

Theoretical IEEE802.11b/gMaximum Speed of 54Mbps

Bandwidth IEEE802.11nMaximum Speed of 150Mbps

Security

Supports various encryption methods including WEP, WPA, WPA2, and

Encryption optional WPS functionality.

Receiver Sensitivity

<-72dBm@54Mpbs

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F8926-GW-02 LoRaWAN Indoor Gateway User Manual

LoRa Parameters

Items Operational Channels
LoRaWAN Protocol Urban
Communication Reference Distance Reference Distance for Floor Penetration
Operating Frequency
Maximum Antenna Receive Sensitivity
Communication Bandwidth
Communication Channel
Communication Rate Communication Mode
Operating Mode
Reporting Server Mode
Wireless Management

Contents Uses a simple star topology network and supports blind repeaters. ClassAClassC
9km
16 Floors@SF12 EU433CN470-510CN779-787EU863-870US902-928AU915-928 AS923KR920-923 -140dbm @LoRa
125kHz250kHz500kHz
8 Uplink Channels, 1 Downlink Channel Adaptive Link Rate Half-Duplex Supports Transceiving on Different Frequencies and Transceiving on the Same Frequency 4GWire Ethernet
WiFi Wireless Management and Upgrades

Hardware System

Items

Contents

CPU

Industrial-Grade 32-bit Communication Processor

FLASH

32MB (Expandable up to 64MB)

DDR2

128MB

Interface Type Items
Power Interface
WANPOE
LAN

Contents Standard 3-pin power socket, with built-in reverse polarity protection and overvoltage protection. WAN/LAN configurable, with 1 10/100M Ethernet port (RJ45 socket), adaptive MDI/MDIX, and built-in 1.5KV electromagnetic isolation protection. 1 10/100M Ethernet port (RJ45 socket), adaptive MDI/MDIX, and built-in 1.5KV electromagnetic isolation protection.

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Console Reset Button
TF Card SIM Card Antenna Indicator Lights

Type-C USB By pressing this button, you can restore the parameter configuration of the ROUTER to its factory settings. 8GB/32GBCustomizable Support Supports SIM Cards from the Three Major Carriers (3FF Cards) LoRaWIFI4G3 Antenna Interfaces “PWR”, “SYS”, “WiFi”,”LoRa “,”4G” 5 Indicator Lights

Note: There may be differences in accessories and interfaces for different models. Please refer to the actual product.

Power Supply

Items

Contents

DC 12V/1.5A (Recommended), supports power supply voltage range

Power Supply DC 9~36V

POE+802.3af/atPower Consumption 25W max

Power Consumption

Operational Status

Power Consumption

Standby

Average Current120mA@12V

Transmit Current460mA@12V(with 4G)

Communication Transmit Current143mA@12V(without 4G

Receive Current120mA@12V

Physical Characteristics

Items

Contents

Casing

Aluminum Casing, IP30 Protection Level

Dimensions 160X105X24 mm (Excluding Antenna and Mounting Accessories)

Weight

450g(Excluding Accessories)

Other Parameters

Items

Contents

Operating -35+75ºC-31+167

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Temperature Storage
Temperature Relative Humidity

-40+85ºC-40+185 95%no condensation

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F8926-GW-02 LoRaWAN Indoor Gateway User Manual

Installation

2.1 Overview
The router must be installed correctly in order to achieve its designed functionality. Usually, the installation of the equipment must be carried out under the guidance of authorized and qualified engineers from our company.
Precautions Please do not install the router while it is powered on.
2.2 Packing List
Please keep the packaging materials when you unpack the box, so that they can be used for operating if needed in the future. The list is as follows:
1 Router Host 1 Wireless Cellular Stick Antenna (SMA Male Connector) 1 WiFi Stick Antenna (SMA Female Connector) 1 LoRa Stick Antenna (SMA Male Connector) 1 Power Adapter 1 Ethernet Cable Note: LoRa suction cup antenna is optional.
2.3 Installation and Cable Connection
Physical Dimensions The physical dimensions are shown in the following diagram. (Unit: mm) The
specifications for the mounting bracket and router device screws are: M3*5mm countersunk screws.

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Bracket Dimensions

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F8926-GW-02 LoRaWAN Indoor Gateway User Manual
Wall Mount Bracket Dimensions

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F8926-GW-02 LoRaWAN Indoor Gateway User Manual

Router Dimensions
Note: When using the mounting bracket to install the router, use M3 screws with a depth of 3-4mm screwed into the router. The mounting bracket and wall mount bracket are optional accessories.
Antenna Installation: Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN) antenna interface is an SMA female socket
(labeled as “4G”). Screw the provided wireless cellular stick antenna with an SMA male connector into this antenna interface and ensure it is tightened securely to maintain signal quality.
The Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) antenna interface is an SMA female socket (labeled as “WIFI”). Screw the provided WIFI stick antenna with an SMA male connector into this antenna interface and ensure it is tightened securely to maintain signal quality.
The Long-Range (LoRa) antenna interface is an SMA female socket (labeled as “LoRa”). Screw the provided LoRa stick antenna with an SMA male connector into this antenna interface and ensure it is tightened securely to maintain signal quality.
Note: The wireless cellular 4G antenna, WiFi antenna, and LoRa antenna must not be connected in reverse, otherwise the device will not function properly.
SIM/UIM Card Installation: When installing the SIM/UIM card, please pay attention to the card’s orientation. The
golden contacts should face downward, and the cut corner should be positioned at the top-left corner. Gently push the card into the slot until you feel a slight resistance, indicating that the card is secured. To remove the card, simply press the “PUSH” area to release it.

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Note: Align the card’s cut corner with the printed cut corner, and ensure that the golden contacts are facing downward.

Connect Ethernet Cable: Insert one end of the Ethernet cable into the LAN port of the Router, and the other
end into the Ethernet interface of the user’s device. The Ethernet cable connection should be as follows:

RJ45-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

RJ45-2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Wire Color White/Orange
Orange White/Green
Blue White/Blue
Green White/Brown
Brown

Connect Console WireTYPE-C
Simply use a standard Type-C cable, connect one end to the Router device and the other end to a PC, then install the corresponding drivers.
Driver download addresshttps://www.wch.cn/search?t=all&q=CH340C Installation package
CH341SER.ZIP

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2.4 Power Instructions

Routers are commonly used in complex external environments. In order to adapt to these challenging application scenarios and enhance the system’s operational stability, advanced power supply technology is employed in the Router. Users can power the Router using the standard configuration of a 12VDC/1.5A power adapter or directly supply it with DC power in the range of 9-36V. When using an external power supply for the Router, it is essential to ensure the stability of the power source (with ripple less than 300mV) and guarantee that momentary voltage doesn’t exceed 36V. Additionally, the power supply should provide a power output greater than 8W.
It is recommended to use the standard configuration of a 12VDC/1.5A power adapter or POE+ (802.3af/at) input.

2.5 Indicator Lights Explanation:

The Router provides the following indicator lights: “PWR”, “SYS”, “WiFi”, “LoRa”, and

“4G”. The status explanations for each indicator light are as follows:

Indicator Lights

Status

Specification

Power

ON

Device power normal

OFF

The device is not powered on / in the shutdown period of the scheduled power on/off function.

SYS

Blinking

The system is running normally.

OFF

The system is not functioning properly.

WIFI

OFF

The WiFi is not active.

ON

The WiFi is active.

LoRa

ON OFF

LoRa has been detected. LoRa not detected.

4G

ON

Device has logged into the network.

OFF

The device is not logged into the network.

2.6 Reset Button Instructions

The router is equipped with a reset button labeled “Reset.” The function of this button is to restore the router’s settings to the factory defaults. The procedure is as follows: Insert a pointed object into the “Reset” hole and gently hold down the reset button for about 15 seconds, then release it. At this point, the router will automatically restore the parameter settings to the factory defaults. After approximately 5 seconds, the router will automatically restart (the automatic restart phenomenon is as follows: the “SYS” indicator light will go off for about 10 seconds and then resume normal operation).

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F8926-GW-02 LoRaWAN Indoor Gateway User Manual

Quick Start Guide

3.1 Introduction to Solution Architecture 3.1.1 Difference Between Embedded and Non-Embedded

As shown in the diagram above, the main difference between the embedded and non-embedded solutions lies in the position of the Network Server (NS). In the non-embedded solution, the NS is typically deployed on a separate server, while in the embedded solution, the NS is deployed within the gateway itself.
The advantage of the embedded solution (embedded mode) is that there is no need to deploy the Network Server (NS) on an external server, which reduces operational costs and allows for a quick and convenient setup of the entire LoRaWAN system. However, the drawback is that the performance and storage capacity of the gateway system are relatively lower compared to a dedicated server. This limitation affects the number of nodes that can be supported and the ability to cache large amounts of information.
The advantage of the non-embedded solution (external mode) is that servers have stronger performance and larger storage capacity, enabling them to manage a large number of gateways and nodes. This solution can be deployed through clustering to significantly enhance system performance and availability. However, the drawback is the need for additional server deployment to host the Network Server (NS), which requires maintenance and increases project costs. Setting up the system and troubleshooting may also require more time and effort.

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3.1.2 System Framework

F8926-GW-02 LoRaWAN Indoor Gateway User Manual

The gateway communicates with devices or terminals, and the direction of data flow is determined based on web configuration.
In the Basics Station (BasicStation mode), data will be exchanged bidirectionally with the corresponding connected server. The gateway only functions as a data forwarding unit. In this scenario, device management, data encryption/decryption, and integration with customer platforms are all performed on the server side.
In the Semtech UDP GWMP Protocol (external NS mode), data will be communicated with the external Network Server (NS) using the standard UDP protocol. In this scenario, device management, data encryption/decryption, and integration with customer platforms will be handled within the external NS server. For instance, commonly used external NS servers include those provided by Four- Faith Cloud.
In the Built-in LoRa Server (internal NS mode), data will be routed to the NS server that is integrated within the gateway. In this scenario, device management, data encryption/decryption, and integration with customer platforms will be handled within the built-in NS server, also known as the LoRa Network Server. Clients can achieve data push functionality through configuration of an HTTP server (HTTP POST only supports uplink push and doesn’t support downlink data), or through MQTT and TCP methods for both uplink and downlink data. The embedded NS serves as the core network for LoRaWAN. This product theoretically supports a large number of gateways and device connections. It manages tasks such as device provisioning, data encryption/decryption, uplink and downlink data transmission, and data pushing. Uplink data from devices, after being decrypted by LoRaWAN, establishes a connection with the customer platform via an interface. Customers can use MQTT for data publishing or TCP for downlink data, which is encrypted by LoRaWAN and sent to the specified device.

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3.2 Accessing the Configuration Interface
3.2.1 Accessing the Web Management Platform

  1. Method 1: After powering on the gateway, the default WiFi SSID is “Four- Faith,” and the default password is blank. Once successfully connected to the WiFi, the LAN IP address of the gateway is 192.168.1.1. You can then access the web management platform by entering http://192.168.1.1 (or simply 192.168.1.1) into your browser’s address bar.
  2. Method 2: If you already know the WAN address of the gateway (e.g., set to static IP 192.168.1.88), you can directly access the web management platform by visiting http://192.168.1.88 in your web browser.
  3. Login using the default credentials: Username: admin, Password: admin. Click “Login” to access the Web management platform. Note: Please use Google Chrome browser as other browsers might have compatibility issues.
    3.2.2 To add a device in the embedded mode
    1. Identify the frequency band and corresponding frequencies for your device (e.g., a standard EU868 terminal, frequencies: 868.1MHz, 868.3MHz, 868.5MHz)
    2. Confirm if the embedded mode is enabled (default is embedded mode). If not, change it to embedded mode. Path: LoRa Gateway Basic Settings

3. Check if the gateway’s frequency band and frequency points match (default frequency points are determined by regional parameters). If they don’t match, modify them to match. Path: LoRa Gateway Frequency Band Configuration

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4. Add an application (configure it as automatic device addition mode for network).
Path: LoRa Network Server => Applications => Add Application

In the above figure, both AppKEY and AppEUI are generated by clicking on the “default” on the right side (these values are default values provided by Four- Faith; for non-Four-Faith devices, please modify them accordingly). Choose either ClassA or ClassC based on the device type, then click “Confirm” to proceed with the addition. After adding, the following page will appear:

5. Device Onboarding
Device Initiation of Network Join Request and Verification of Successful Joining; if Joining Fails, Follow these Troubleshooting Steps:

  1. Verify if the gateway can receive the network join request sent by the device (you can use a packet capture tool, path: Status LoRa Packet Logger).
  2. If the gateway receives the network join request but does not see the join accept packet (Join Accept), it’s usually due to a mismatch between the AppKey or AppEUI configured in the application and the device.

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6. Upstream Data from Devices After the device successfully joins the network, instruct the device to send any data. You can then navigate to the corresponding application in the device list to view the data: Path: LoRa Network Server Applications Select the corresponding application (click to view) Find the corresponding device (click to view) Online Debugging
7. Send Data to Device Send data to the device on the online debugging page of the device, as shown in the
following figure:

The Four-Faith module receives data as follows:

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Precaution
The device types are divided into ClassA and ClassC, with the following data reception methods:
1. In ClassA mode, after sending data, it won’t be directly delivered to the device. The data will be sent to the device only after the device sends an uplink data transmission.
2. In ClassC mode, when sending data, it will be directly delivered to the device. If the device doesn’t receive the data, please verify whether the NS configuration type matches the device configuration type. If they don’t match, make the necessary changes and rejoin the network before conducting data communication tests.

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Detailed Introduction to Function Pages

4.1 Interface Management Configuration
4.1.1 Web Management Platform

  1. Method 1: After the gateway is powered on, the default WiFi name is “Four- Faith” and the default password is blank. Once the WiFi connection is successful, the LAN address of the gateway will be set to 192.168.1.1. You can then log in by visiting http://192.168.1.1 (or simply entering 192.168.1.1) in your web browser.
  2. Method 2: If you already know the WAN address of the gateway (for example, if it’s set to a static IP like 192.168.1.88), you can directly access it by visiting http://192.168.1.88 in your web browser.
  3. Login using the default credentials: Username – admin, Password – admin. Click on “Login” to access the Web Management Platform.

Note: Please use Google Chrome browser, other browsers may have compatibility issues.

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4.1.2 Directory Details
Below, we will introduce the functions of each page in the order of the directory: Status Overview: The gateway listens to data statistics and displays system parameter information. LoRa Message Recorder: Display of received data and downstream data on the gateway. System Log: Operational logs during runtime. Network WAN Interface: Gateway WAN configuration, you can configure network information here, such as setting up DHCP or static IP. Wi- Fiwifi Parameters and Security Configuration Network Diagnostics: Includes Ping, Traceroute, and Nslookup commands. Firewall: Basic firewall parameter configuration. LoRa Gateway: Gateway mode configuration, frequency channel parameter
configuration, packet filtering, etc. LoRa Network Server Status: Display of embedded NS statistical information. Basic Settings: Configuration of NS- related parameters, such as ADR switch, RX2 parameter settings, etc. Gateway: Display of gateway information. Application: Display of application information, including device list and more. Multicast: Multicast management. Interfaces: Configuration of protocols for integration with client platforms, data transformation, heartbeat settings, etc. System System: Embedded NS version information, system time settings, etc. Change Password: Modify the password for the Web management platform. Reboot: Restart the gateway button. Factory Reset: Factory reset button.
4.1.3 Management Configuration
4.1.3.1 Status
1. Overview Path: Status -> Overview Function: Displays communication statistics of the gateway, making it easy to
view and analyze the RF environment around the gateway. This helps determine device communication status, identify potential interference, and make assessments regarding device connectivity.
Details

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Received Packets: The number of packets received since system startup. Sent Packets: The number of packets sent since system startup. Active Nodes: The number of uplink nodes received by the gateway. Busy Nodes: Nodes that have sent uplink data twice within 10 seconds are considered busy nodes. This statistic reflects the count over the past hour. LoRa Channel Utilization Statistics: Channel utilization status in various time intervals over the past 24 hours. LoRa Data Rate Utilization Statistics: Data rate utilization status in various time intervals over the past 24 hours. LoRa Network Server: Includes system startup time, LoRa protocol, device count, NS device uplink count, NS device downlink count, and NS MQTT connection status. System: Includes host name, LAN MAC address, WAN MAC address, wireless MAC address, WAN IP address, LAN IP address, and WAN protocol. Wireless: Includes wireless switch, mode, network mode, name, channel, and transmission power.
Preview

2. LoRa Message Record
Path: Status -> LoRa Message Recorder Function
Display LoRaWAN data received by the gateway and data sent by the gateway.
It can be used to analyze the communication between the gateway and devices, and allows for analysis of issues based on data types, such as unanswered join requests, missing downlink data, communication quality, and more. Details
Update Log Switch: It is enabled by default. When disabled, it allows for

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expanding the view of data. While it’s disabled, data is still received normally, and once enabled again, it automatically updates the list.
LoRaWAN Data Type Selection: This option is used to facilitate the analysis of communication issues by selecting different LoRaWAN data types.
Packet Filter Status: Indicates whether the packet has been filtered. Filtered data will not be reported to the NS server. The filtering configuration can be found in LoRa Gateway Packet Filter. The options are as follows: All – Displays both filtered and unfiltered data. Unfiltered – Displays only unfiltered data. BeFiltered – Displays only data that has been filtered.
devAddrSearch by Short Address TimeReceived Data Time DataTypeData Type
ALL Join Request Join Accept Unconfirmed Data Up Unconfirmed Data Down Confirmed Data Up Confirmed Data Down FreqCommunication Frequency Point RSSISignal Strength SNRSignal-to-Noise Ratio TxPwrTransmit Power, this value is 0 during uplink FCntFrame Count, can be used to determine if there are any packet losses or retransmissions.
Preview

3. LoRa Packet Logger PathStatus LoRa Packet Logger

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FunctionThe logs can be used to analyze the overall operation of the gateway, abnormal device communication situations, and other anomalies.
Details Switch: Enabled by default, when paused, new data is stored in the browser
cache and will be updated when re-enabled. Preview
4.1.3.2 Network
1. Network PathNetwork WAN Interface FunctionUsed to configure network parameters, such as setting up static IP,
DHCP, etc. Details Configure various modes based on the mode parameters. Preview

2. WIFI
PathNetwork WiFi Functionwifi Parameter ConfigurationSecurity Configuration Detail
Configure various modes based on the mode parameters.
Preview

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3. Network Diagnosis
PathNetwork Network Diagnosis Function: Support PingTracerouteNsLookup Commands Details
PingA program used to test network connectivity. TracerouteThe command uses the ICMP protocol to trace all the routers between your computer and the target computer. NsLookupIt is a command-line tool for monitoring whether DNS servers in the network can perform proper domain name resolution.
Preview

4. Firewall
PathNetwork Firewall FunctionConfiguration of Firewall Parameters Details
Configure parameters according to the page display.

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4.1.3.2 LoRa Gateway
1. Basic Settings
PathLoRa Gateway Basic Settings FunctionGateway Protocol Configuration, which can be configured as Build-in LoRa Server, Semtech UDP GWMP Protocol, Basics Station mode. Details
Semtech UDP GWMP Protocol ­ GWMP Forwarding Mode Gateway MACGateway’s unique identifier, with a length of 8 bytes (16
characters), typically not modified. Protocol: UDP GWMP Protocol, which connects to an external NS server,
with the gateway acting as a data forwarding role. Server Address: IP or Domain Name Server Port: Port Number (e.g. 1700) Server Timeout Time (milliseconds): The timeout duration for waiting for
acknowledgment when sending data reports. Generally, no modifications are needed.
Keepalive Interval (seconds): The interval duration for the “pull_data” command in the protocol. Generally, no modifications are needed.
Internal UDP Communication Port: In the case of gateway cascading applications, this port number, configured as the server port for the gateway, should match the server port of the sub-gateway.

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Build-in LoRa Server – Built-in NS Mode Gateway MACGateway’s unique identifier, which is 8 bytes in length
(16 bits), is usually not modified. Protocol: Built-in NS mode, equivalent to deploying NS inside the
gateway. Keepalive Interval(s): The interval time for the pull_data command in the
protocol, usually not modified. Internal UDP Communication Port: In gateway cascading applications,
configure this port number as the server port of the sub-gateway.

Basics Station – More secure and reliable protocols (via WebSocket or HTTP) are used to connect to the Network Server (NS)
Gateway MAC: The unique identifier of the gateway, with a length of 8 bytes (16 characters). Generally, it is not modified.
ProtocolBasicstation Mode ServerLNS Protocol (for regular data communication) or CUPS Protocol (for adding gateway upgrade-related protocols).

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URIServer Address (IP or domain name) for connection. PortServer corresponding port. Authentication ModeSecurity authentication mode (detailed introduction of various modes’ application scenarios will be provided later), below is a brief introduction of each mode:
No AuthenticationEstablish regular WebSocket or HTTP connections without the need for authentication (e.g. ChirpStack configured in this mode and integrated with TTN platform).
TLS Server AuthenticationTLS server identity authentication is achieved by establishing TLS connections (wss, https) to authenticate the server (LNS or CUPS) (e.g. ChirpStack configured in this mode).
TLS Server and Client AuthenticationTLS server and client identity authentication is achieved by the gateway establishing TLS connections (wss, https) to authenticate the server (LNS or CUPS), and the server verifies the gateway by requesting its certificate and a signature with a private key (e.g. when integrating with the AWS platform).

TLS Server Authentication and Client TokenThe gateway authenticates the server (LNS or CUPS) by establishing a TLS connection (wss, https), and the server verifies the gateway’s identity by inspecting the secure token provided by the gateway (e.g. when integrating with TTN platform).

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Preview

2. Frequency Band Configuration
PathLoRa Gateway Frequency Band Settings FunctionConfiguration of Gateway Frequencies, applicable to modes: Semtech UDP GWMP Protocol or Build-in LoRa Server. For Basics Station mode, frequency settings are configured in the NS server. Details
Frequency configuration is primarily supported through three methods: Custom Frequency Mode: This method provides a straightforward way to
visualize the allocated frequency points, as shown in the diagram below. The left-colored frequency points (e.g. 867.1) are deletable, while the right- colored frequency points (e.g. 868.1) are essential and cannot be removed as they represent mandatory fields for the frequency band. To delete a frequency point, simply click the “×” icon next to it. To add a new frequency point, click the “+ Add” button on the far right.

Preset Group Mode: This method is the most convenient. Based on your needs, you can select the corresponding preset group. The displayed frequency

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points represent the starting frequency and ending frequency, with a general interval of 0.2MHz between them. There are a total of 8 frequency points in this preset group.
Custom Frequency Points + Conform to LoRaWAN Mode: This method aligns closely with the gateway’s configuration file structure and is the most comprehensive configuration approach. When the other two methods cannot meet the requirements, this method should be used for configuration.

Preview

3. Beacon Set
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PathLoRa Gateway Beacon Set FunctionConfiguring the ClassB parameters of the gateway can be done using the Semtech UDP GWMP Protocol mode. Details
Beacon PeriodPeriod, when set to 0, indicates that it is turned off. Beacon Frequency (Hz)Frequency Point Beacon Spreading FactorSpreading Factor Beacon BandwidthBeacon Packet Bandwidth Beacon Tx PowerTransmission Power
Preview

4. Packet Filter
PathLoRa Gateway Packet Filter Function: At the gateway side, packets can be filtered based on configured rules to reduce the amount of irrelevant data transmitted to the NS server, thus easing the processing load on the NS. This can be configured using the Semtech UDP GWMP Protocol or Build-in LoRa Server modes. Details
Supports configuring NetID and JoinEUI. NetIDNetwork ID filtering, the short address portion allocated during device joining is related to the network ID. By configuring this value, non-joining interference data can be effectively filtered out. In the embedded mode, this value can be configured to the network ID configured for this gateway, thereby effectively avoiding interference from other devices’ data. JoinEUI AppEUIJoinEUI filtering, a component of the device’s triplet, can be configured with multiple sets of range values here. Once set, JoinEUI values outside the specified ranges will be filtered.
Preview

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4.1.3.3 LoRa Network Server
1. Status PathLoRa Network Server Status FunctionDisplay statistics of flow to the embedded NS server. Details Basic Information: Mainly includes the number of gateways, the number of devices, and the statistics of device uplink and downlink data counts. This can be used to analyze the communication quality between gateways and nodes, based on the distribution of RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator), SNR (Signal-to-Noise Ratio), and DataRate values. Communication Distribution: This displays the curve chart of uplink and downlink communication situations, allowing analysis of whether the distribution of uplink and downlink data matches the expected patterns. Preview

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2. Basic Setting PathLoRa Network Server Basic Setting FunctionConfiguring NS Server Parameters Details Operating Region: Corresponds to the frequency band in the regional parameter table. This setting cannot be configured here and should remain consistent with the configuration in LoRa Gateway Frequency Band Configuration Operating Region. Enable Dynamic Data Rate Adjustment (ADR): Determines whether the Adaptive Data Rate (ADR) feature is enabled. ADR Margin: This value affects the sensitivity of ADR adjustment. A larger value makes the adjustment less aggressive, while a smaller value makes the adjustment more aggressive. Minimum Data Rate: The lowest data rate used for ADR adjustment. Maximum Data Rate: The highest data rate used for ADR adjustment. Network ID: A parameter used to generate the device’s short address. It can be configured in the filtering parameters to avoid interference. Rx2 FrequencyFrequency of rx2 Window Rx2 DatarateDatarate of rx2 Window Downlink Transmit Power (dBm): The transmit power configuration for downlink messages. When set to -1, it will follow the transmit power specifications defined in the regional parameters table. Preview

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3. Gateway
PathLoRa Network Server Gateway FunctionGateway Addition, Modification, and Deletion in Embedded NS: Gateways are usually automatically added when they connect and typically do not require manual addition. Details
Displaying the Gateway List: The list shows detailed information for each gateway, including online status and more.
Preview

4. Application
PathLoRa Network Server Application FunctionIt is equivalent to the grouping function, where different groups correspond to different application scenarios for easier management. Details
Add Application: After clicking the “Add” button, the following page will open.
Name: This is equivalent to the group name, just for identification purposes.
AppKEY: The AppKEY corresponding to the terminal, which is used to verify the value when adding devices automatically (clicking on the right side of “default” will change it to the default value of Four-Faith).
Auto-Add Devices: When selected, devices can be added automatically without the need to add them in advance. Once the AppKEY and AppEUI validation is successful, devices will be added automatically.
AppEUI (JoinEUI): One of the triplets required for device configuration. When enabling auto-add devices, this needs to be configured (clicking on the “default” option will change it to the default value provided by Four-Faith).

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Type: The device type corresponding to auto-added devices, either ClassA or ClassC.
Description: Description information.

Delete: It is not possible to delete the application if devices are associated with it. You must delete the devices first before deleting the application.
View: Once inside the application, you can access the list of devices and other related information.
Device Management: Detailed explanation of device addition, deletion, modification, and retrieval.
Application Configuration: Similar to the creation process, here you can modify existing applications.
Interface Management: Configure HTTP POST, when this feature is enabled, all data from devices under this application will be pushed to the specified address using the HTTP POST method.

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Preview
5. Devices PathLoRa Network Server Devices FunctionDevice Addition, Deletion, Modification, and Query: Web Entry: LoRa
Network Server -> Applications -> View -> Device Management Details Add New Device: Setting the Basic Parameters of the Device. Joining methods include OTAA (where the device initiates joining) or ABP (where no joining is required). When the AppKEY of this device is different from the AppKEY of the application, you can specify a specific AppKEY here.

ABP Mode: In this mode, you need to input the Short Address and Session Keys information as shown in the boxes.

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Bulk Add: The parameters for bulk adding devices are similar to adding a single device. However, it’s important to note that bulk adding can only be used for adding OTAA devices.

Bulk Delete: To perform a bulk deletion, you need to first check the checkboxes next to the devices you want to delete, and then click on the “Bulk Delete” button.

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Export: This option allows you to export the device information as an Excel spreadsheet, providing an easy way for backup and management.
Device Details: By clicking on the “View” option next to the corresponding device, you can access the detailed information about that device.
Overview: This section displays the device’s uplink information and relevant statistical data. It can be used to analyze packet loss and other device communication issues.

Configuration: Adjust parameters for the device.

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Activation Information: Display parameters after the device joins the network.
Online Debugging: Allows for data downlink (scheduled downlink) and displays uplink data for debugging purposes.

Preview

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6. Multicast PathLoRa Network Server Multicast FunctionIn this context, multicast refers to the ability to send data to multiple
devices with the same configuration parameters within the NS. Multicast data can be sent using MQTT, and you can also test sending multicast data through the web interface.
Details Add Multicast: Below are the corresponding values for Four-Faith devices

Based on the values provided above, configure the multicast parameters.

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After creation, you will be able to see the following multicast list information. Send Data Test: Click on “Downlink” to open the data sending page.

During actual usage, multicast data can be sent using MQTT or TCP. Please refer to the data format for more details. 7. Interface PathLoRa Network Server Interface

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FunctionConfiguration page for integrating the internal NS with a customer platform is available, supporting both MQTT and TCP communication methods. Data can be transformed using JavaScript functions, and heartbeat configurations are also supported.
Details Protocol Configuration NONENot enabled. MQTTMQTT parameter configuration, specific topics and data formats are detailed in the data format section.

TCPIntegrating with TCP servers allows for simultaneous connections to multiple servers, and the connection status can be used to determine the connection situation.

Data transformation: If no configuration is done here, the default data format will be used for communication. If you need to transform data, you can configure functions for the conversion. After uplink and downlink data reaches the gateway, it can be transformed using specified functions before forwarding.
Uplink transformation

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Downlink transformation

TCP packet generation tool: During the testing phase of using TCP to connect to the server, you can use this tool to generate corresponding data for testing by sending it through the TCP server. In actual projects, you can write a program to generate the data.

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Heartbeat Configuration: You can configure the heartbeat switch, heartbeat interval time, and heartbeat data format. It supports configuring a custom string as the heartbeat data. Heartbeat is mainly used to periodically report status information. The gateway can also use heartbeats to determine the connection status between itself and the MQTT server.

4.1.3.4 System
1. System PathSystem System FunctionView Program Version, Configure Token Duration, Time Settings and
Language Switch Details System Program Version: Use this to troubleshoot related issues by checking the version. Token Expiry Time: The shorter the time, the more frequent the need for webpage login. NTP Time Configuration: Configure NTP
Preview

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2. Change Password PathSystem Change Password FunctionChange the gateway system password, length range 5-32. Details Enter the new password and confirm the password. After modification, log out
of the system. When logging in again, use the new password. Preview

3. Restart PathSystem Restart FunctionRestart Gateway Details Click to restart the gateway.
Preview

4. Restore to factory settings.
PathSystem Restore to factory settings. FunctionClicking on this will restore the gateway to its factory settings, primarily affecting router-related parameters such as network settings (LoRa-related parameters like device lists, join information, etc., will not be deleted). Details
Clicking this button will initiate the factory reset process. Preview

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4.1.4 Data Format
4.1.4.1 Data Explanation
1. Data Format Explanation Protocol for connecting to the client includes MQTT, TCP, and HTTP. Both MQTT and TCP support two-way communication, while HTTP only supports the gateway pushing data to the client using the POST method and does not support downlink. Below is the data explanation for various protocols:
MQTT Data: Topic + JSON Content TCP Data: Header + JSON Content HTTP Data: URL

  • JSON Content
    Note: The JSON content data format is consistent within the same type, and if JavaScript function transformation is applied, it will be applied to all data.
    2. MQTT Data Flow

As shown in the diagram, in this mode, you need to deploy an MQTT Broker first. Both the gateway and the client platform establish connections with it and subscribe to relevant topics according to the topic format. If the client needs multiple sets of data, multiple clients can connect and subscribe. In comparison to the TCP mode, this method involves an additional step of setting up an external MQTT server.
3. TCP

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As depicted in the diagram above, in this mode, the client platform opens a TCP server, while the gateway is configured in TCP mode and points to the corresponding server’s IP and port. This configuration allows for the establishment of multiple TCP connections simultaneously.
4. HTTP

As shown in the diagram above, the configuration for this mode is within the interface settings of each application. This mode only supports data pushing and does not support downstream data.
4.1.4.2 MQTT Data Format
1. MQTT Topic and Data Format The default MQTT topic format is as follows:

The MQTT approach primarily consists of topics and data content. Topics are displayed and can be modified within the interface.
The default topic includes {{application_ID}} and {{device_EUI}} {{application_ID}}: Application ID, it will be replaced with the
corresponding application ID of the device when reporting data (e.g.,

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application/1/device/6e11000000000000/rx). For downlink data, it also needs to be replaced with the actual application ID of the device (e.g., application/1/device/6e11000000000000/tx).
{{device_EUI}}: Device unique identifier, it will be replaced with the device’s EUI when reporting data (e.g., application/1/device/6e11000000000000/rx). For downlink data, it also needs to be replaced with the actual device EUI (e.g., application/1/device/6e11000000000000/tx). When this field is included in the topic, the JSON content of the downlink data can omit the device’s unique identifier.
Modification Description You can modify the topic, for example, change it to “lorawan/uplink” or
similar. {{application_ID}}: This can be removed, and after removal, the topic will
only lack the application ID. {{device_EUI}}: If removed, the topic won’t be able to identify the
corresponding device. Therefore, the JSON content of the downlink data must include the device’s unique identifier (as explained in the following content).
Example of Subscribed Topics Subscribe to a Single Device for a Single Event:
application/1/device/6e11000000000000/rx Subscribe to All Events for a Single Device
application/1/device/6e11000000000000/+ Subscribe to a Single Event for All Devices in an Application
application/1/device/+/rx Subscribe to All Events for All Devices in an Application
application/1/device/# Subscribe to a Single Event for All Devices in All Applications
application/+/device/+/rx Subscribe to All Events for All Devices in All Applications
application/+/device/+/+ or application/#
The data content is in JSON format, and the specific format is detailed below. It’s important to note that if the {{device_EUI}} placeholder is removed from the downlink topic, the topic won’t be able to identify the specific device. In this case, you need to look for the “devEui” field in the data content. If the “devEui” field is also absent, the specific device data will be lost. 2. Uplink Data
Execution Condition: Forward when receiving business data reports from successfully joined devices.
Default Topic Format: application/{{application_ID}}/device/{{device_EUI}}/rx Default Topic Exampleapplication/1/device/6e11000000000000/rx Default JSON Data Content Example:

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{ “applicationID”: “1”, “applicationName”: “temperature”, “deviceName”: “dev_00000000”, “devEui”: “6e11000000000000”, “rxInfo”: [{ “gatewayID”: “ff0000000000000a”, “name”: “ff0000000000000a”, “time”: “”, // Only when the gateway can receive GPS signals will there be actual values. “rssi”: -76, “loRaSNR”: 7.5, “location”: { “latitude”: 0, “longitude”: 0, “altitude”: 0 } }], “txInfo”: { “frequency”: 868100000, “dr”: 0 }, “adr”: false, “fCnt”: 6, “fPort”: 32,
“data”: “MTQ1OTYzNTgy” // Base64 encoding, you can refer to the “Base64 Encoding and Decoding” section later for more information.
}
3. Join Data Execution condition: Pushed upon receiving a device’s join request and responding

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to the join accept message. Default Topic formatapplication/{{application_ID}}/device/{{device_EUI}}/join Default Topic Exampleapplication/1/device/6e11000000000000/join Default Data Content Example
{
“applicationID”: “1”,
“applicationName”: “temperature”,
“deviceName”: “dev_00000000”,
“devEui”: “6e11000000000000”,
“devAddr”: “01b0e489”
}
4. Downlink Data Execution Condition: Sending business data to the device Default Topic Formatapplication/{{application_ID}}/device/{{device_EUI}}/tx Default Topic Exampleapplication/1/device/6e11000000000000/tx Default JSON Data Content Example
{
“devEui”: “6e11000000000000”,
“confirmed”: true,
“fPort”: 12,
“data”: “MTIzNA==” // Base64 encoded, please refer to the “Base64 Encoding and Decoding” section
below. This corresponds to “1234”.
}
Convenient test data (the data above contains spaces, which might cause transmission failures):
{“devEui”:”6e11000000000000″,”confirmed”:true,”fPort”:12,”data”:”MTIzNA==”}
5. Downlink acknowledgment packet response: Execution condition: After receiving the downlink acknowledgment packet, push
the data when the device responds. Default Topic Formatapplication/{{application_ID}}/device/{{device_EUI}}/ack Default Topic Exampleapplication/1/device/6e11000000000000/ack Default JSON Data Content Example
{
“applicationID”: “1”,

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“applicationName”: “temperature”,
“deviceName”: “dev_00000000”,
“devEui”: “6e11000000000000”,
“acknowledged”: true
}
6. Downlink multicast data. Execution condition: When multicast information needs to be sent to devices with
the same triplets as the multicast group. Default Topic Formatmcast_group/{{mcast_ID}}/tx Default Topic Examplemcast_group/1/tx Default JSON Data Content Example
{
“multicastGroupId”: 1,
“fPort”: 10,
“data”: “YWJjZA==” // base64 Encoding
}
Convenient test data
{“multicastGroupId”:1,”fPort”:10,”data”:”YWJjZA==”}
7. Heartbeat data Execution condition: Heartbeat switch is turned on, heartbeat interval > 0, heartbeat
content is not empty. Default Topiclorawan/heartbeat Default JSON Data Content Example
{
“gateways”: [{
“gatewayID”: “ff0000000000000a”,
“gatewayName”: “ff0000000000000a”,
“lastSeenAt”: “2022-04-29 14:18:36”,
“isOnline”: true,
“longitude”: 0,
“latitude”: 0
}],

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“applications”: [{ “applicationID”: 1, “name”: “app”, “deviceNum”: 1, “activatNum”: 1, “isAutoJoin”: false
}] }

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4.1.4.3 TCP Data Format
1. TCP Data Format

Offset

Byte count

Function

0

1

Frame header

1

1

Version number (currently

V1)

2

2

JSON data length

(big-endian)

4

1

Data Type

5

2

Random key Random

number (big endian)

7

n

JSON Content

Identifier header version length type random
JSON Object

Value example 0xFE 0x01 0x0001
0x00-Heartbeat Packet 0x1234
{…}

The first 7 bytes are the TCP data header, and starting from the 7th byte is the JSON content. This JSON content is the same as that used in MQTT and HTTP.
2. Uplink Data

Offset

Byte count

Function

Value or Description

0

1

header

0xFE

1

1

version

0x01

2

2

length

0x018A

4

1

type

0x01

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5

2

random

0x1234

7

394 JSON object

{

“applicationID”: “2”,

“applicationName”: “app1”,

“deviceName”: “dev_00000001”,

“devEui”: “ff00000000000001”,

“rxInfo”: [

{

“gatewayID”: “54c345fffed5a1e3”,

“name”: “54c345fffed5a1e3”,

“time”: “2021-11-19T01:51:01.136686Z”,

“rssi”: -107,

“loRaSNR”: 7.5,

“location”: {

“longitude”: 118.03394,

“latitude”: 24.48405,

“altitude”: 89

}

}

],

“txInfo”: {

“frequency”: 923400000,

“dr”: 4

},

“adr”: false,

“fCnt”: 4,

“fPort”: 32,

“data”: “YWJjZA==”

}

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3. Activation data

Offset

Byte Count

Function

0

1

header

1

1

version

Description

Type

applicationID

Application ID

string

applicationName

Application Name

string

deviceName

Device Name

string

devEui rxInfo – gatewayID

Device EUI Information about the receiving gateway Gateway unique identifier

string Array of structures string

– name

Gateway Name

string

– time

GPS Time

string

– rssi

Signal strength

float64

– loRaSNR – location – longitude

Signal-to-Noise Ratio GPS Location (When GPS signal is not available, the value is {}) Longitude

float64 float64

– latitude

Latitude

float64

– altitude

Altitude

float64

TxInfo

Device Data Transmission Parameters

– frequency

Frequency Point

uint32

– dr

Rate

uint8

adr

Whether ADR request is enabled

bool

fCnt

Uplink frame counter

uint32

fPort data

Uplink Port Business data (in base64 encoded format)

uint8 string

Value or Description 0xFE 0x01

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2

2

length

4

1

type

5

2

random

7

123

JSON

object

4. Downlink Data

Offset

Byte Count

Function

0

1

header

1

1

version

2

2

length

4

1

type

5

2

random

7

77

JSON

object

0x007B

0x03

0x1234

{

“applicationID”: “2”,

“applicationName”: “app1”,

“deviceName”: “dev_00000001”,

“devEui”: “ff00000000000001”,

“devAddr”: “032013ac”

}

Description

applicationID

Application ID

applicationName

Application Name

deviceName

Device Name

devEui devAddr

Device EUI Short address assigned to the device during activation

Value or Description
0xFE 0x01 0x004D 0x02 0x1234 {
“devEui”: “ff00000000000001”, “confirmed”: false, “fPort”: 10,

Type string string string string string

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“data”: “YWJjZA==”

}

Description

devEui confirmed
fPort data

Device EUI Confirmation packet flag (default: false) PortDefault 10 Sending business data (base64 encoded)

Type string bool
uint8 string

Convenient test data (the data above may contain spaces, which can sometimes cause sending failures)
{“devEui”:”ff00000000000001″,”confirmed”:true,”fPort”:10,”data”:”MTIzNA==”}

Note: You can use the TCP Packet Generator tool available on the web page (Path: LoRa Network Server -> Interfaces -> Data Conversion -> TCP Packet Generator) to generate the corresponding data for testing, as shown below:

Among them, the data that can be used for testing when sending downlink data to a TCP server is as follows (during testing, you usually need to modify the devEui):
fe01004b0204427b22646576455549223a2266663030303030303030303030303031222c22636f6e6669726d65642 23a747275652c2266506f7274223a31302c2264617461223a224d54497a4e413d3d227d
5. Response for a Downlink Confirmation Packet

Offset

Byte Count

Function

Value or Description

0

1

header

0xFE

1

1

version

0x01

2

2

length

0x0000

4

1

type

0x05

5

2

random

0x1234

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7

77

JSON

{

object

“applicationID”: “1”,

“applicationName”: “app1”,

“deviceName”: “dev_00000000”,

“devEui”: “6e00000000000000”,

“acknowledged”: true

}

Description

applicationID

Application ID

applicationName

Application Corresponding Name

deviceName

Device Name

devEui

Device EUI

acknowledged

Response status: Success – true

Type String String String String Bool

6. Downlink Multicast Data

Offset

Byte Count

Function

Value or Description

0

1

header

0xFE

1

1

version

0x01

2

2

length

0x0000

4

1

type

0x04

5

2

random

0x1234

7

77

JSON

{

object

“multicastGroupId”: 1,

“fPort”: 10,

“data”: “YWJjZA==”

}

Description

multicastGroupId

Multicast ID

Type int

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fPort data

PortDefault 10 Sending business data (Base64 encoded)

uint8 string

Convenient test data
{“multicastGroupId”:1,”fPort”:10,”data”:”YWJjZA==”}

Note: You can use the TCP packet tool on the web page (Path: LoRa Network Server Interfaces Data Conversion TCP Packet Tool) to
generate corresponding data for testing, as shown below:

The converted result can be used for testing by sending it to the TCP server. The example content above is as follows:
fe01003304341e7b226d756c74696361737447726f75704964223a312c2266506f7274223a31302c2264617461
223a2259574a6a5a413d3d227d

7. Heartbeat Data

Offset
0 1 2 4 5 7

Byte Count 1 1 2 1 2 n

Function

Value or Description

header version length type random JSON object

0xFE 0x01 0x01BC 0x00 0x1234 {
“gateways”: [{ “gatewayID”: “54D0B4FFFE3AB6CE”, “lastSeenAt”: “2021-11-18 15:34:02”, “isOnline”: true, “longitude”: 118.03394, “latitude”: 24.48405
}], “applications”: [{
“applicationID”: 1, “name”: “”,

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“deviceNum”: 10,

“activatNum”: 7,

“isAutoJoin”: false

}]

}

Description

gateways

Array of Gateway Information

– gatewayID

Gateway Unique Identifier

– lastSeenAt

Gateway Last Uplink Time

– isOnline

Online status, true: online, false:

offline

– longitude

Longitude

– latitude

Latitude

applications

Application information array

– applicationID

Application ID

– name

Application Name

– deviceNum

Total number of devices under this

application

– activatNum

Number of devices that are already

activated (joined)

– isAutoJoin

Whether this application allows

automatic device provisioning

Type
string string bool
float64 float64
int string int
int
bool

4.1.4.4 HTTP Push Data Format
HTTP is configured for each application, configuration path: LoRa Network Server -> Applications -> View (corresponding to the APP) -> Interface Management.
The data content for HTTP push is in JSON format, and its content is consistent with the JSON content for MQTT and TCP methods (please refer to the previous two sections).
When a JavaScript function is configured for parsing, the JSON data will no longer use the default data format; instead, it will use the transformed data format.
The HTTP method only supports data pushing and does not support downstream data.
4.1.4.5 JavaScript Function Transformation Method
The purpose of the function transformation method The function transformation method allows for converting hexadecimal or
string data reported by devices during uplink transmission into corresponding JSON format field data. This enables seamless integration with specific platforms without requiring customizations.
When sending downlink data, the function converts the JSON data sent by the

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client platform into corresponding hexadecimal data, which is then transmitted to the device. When this conversion function is not configured, the default data format is used. The gateway supports function conversion for both uplink and downlink data, and by default, both are in a disabled state. 1. Uplink Data Transformation When the device reports data as hexadecimal values like “ff 19 08 32 53”, you can transform it into the following JSON format: {“devEui”:”ff00000000000001″,”items”:[{“label”:”temperature”,”value”:25.8},{“label”:”hum idity”,”value”:50}]} (where ff is the protocol fixed header, 19 is the temperature integer part, 08 is the temperature decimal part, 32 is the humidity value, and 53 is the checksum). Once this transformation is successfully configured, the JSON-format data received by the client will be as described. Configuration Path: LoRa Network Server Interface Data Transformation Upstream Data Format

2. Downlink Data Transformation
When the device sends data {“devEui”: “ff00000000000001”, “cmdCode”: 1, “heartbeatCycle”: 60} and applies a function transformation —(function transformation)—> 01 3c (01-command code for heartbeat cycle configuration, 3c-heartbeat cycle value), it will be transformed into 013c and sent to the terminal.
Configuration Path: LoRa Network Server Interfaces Data Transformation Downlink Data Format

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4.1.5 Common Platform Integration
4.1.5.1 Four-Faith Cloud NS
The standard network server (NS) used by Four-Faith Cloud adopts the Semtech UDP GWMP Protocol.
In this mode, the gateway implements the data forwarding function. Configuration Path: LoRa Gateway Basic Settings, Main configurations include protocol selection, server address, and server port (UDP). The specific settings are as follows:

Open CSToolhttp://47.90.209.17:51868/#/ns/gateways Create Gateway

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Viewing Gateway Status: As shown in the following image, it is evident that the gateway is currently online.
4.1.5.2 ChirpStack PlatformGWMP
ChirpStack is a versatile open-source Network Server (NS) that supports multiple connectivity methods. One of the commonly used methods for integration is through the GWMP (Gateway Management Protocol) protocol.
Configuration Path: LoRa Gateway Basic Settings, Main Configuration Protocol, Server Address, Server Port(UDP), Specific configurations are as follows:

4.1.5.3 ChirpStack PlatformLNS
ChirpStack can be configured to use the Basicstation protocol for integration. This mode of integration is generally referred to as LNS (LoRa Network Server). It supports two modes: No Authentication and TLS Server Authentication. The following examples illustrate the

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configuration for both modes of integration. 1. LNS – No Authentication By configuring the protocol, server protocol type, URI, port, and mode selection, you can make the necessary changes. Once these modifications are successfully applied, the configuration will be updated.
The “Last seen at” on the platform indicates the gateway’s connection status.

2. LNS – TLS Server Authentication When configuring the gateway, the URI should match the corresponding domain
name of the server, and the “trust” content is derived from the server’s .pem file content.

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The “Last seen at” on the platform indicates the gateway’s connection status.
4.1.5.4 AWS PlatformLNS
Create a gateway on the AWS platform.

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Download the corresponding keys generated by the gateway and configure the corresponding parameters for the gateway. Choose the mode “TLS Server and Client Authentication.” In the following image, boxes with the same color represent matching content.

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Continuing Gateway Creation:

After successful configuration, you can observe the gateway’s connection status on the AWS platform.

4.1.5.5 AWS PlatformCPUS
Create a gateway on the AWS platform.

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Download the corresponding keys generated by the gateway, and configure the corresponding parameters of the gateway. Select the TLS Server and Client Authentication mode. In the diagram below, boxes with the same color indicate the same content.

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Continuing the gateway creation:

After successfully configuring the gateway, you can view the gateway’s connection status on the AWS platform.

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4.1.5.6 TTN PlatformGWMP
The TTN platform supports GWMP and Basicstation modes of access. When using the GWMP protocol, it is consistent with other platforms. You only need to configure the server IP and port.

The server address and port can be obtained from the “global_conf.json” file which can be downloaded from the TTN platform.

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The server address and port can be found at the end of the file.

After successfully configuring the gateway, you can see the connection information on the TTN platform.

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4.1.5.7 TTN PlatformLNS
The TTN platform also supports connection using the Basicstation LNS protocol, with the mode being TLS Server Authentication and Client Token.
Add Gateway

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Obtaining the Token Value

Adding API key

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Follow the diagram below, and create an API key.

Token Specificationtoken = Bearer + Space + API key, eg. Bearer NNSXS…

Trust Explanation: This content is from the downloaded file “isrgrootx1.pem” from

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the TTN platform. The file download path is:
https://www.thethingsindustries.com/docs/reference/root-certificates/#lets- encrypt

URI Configuration

Port Configuration: Fixed to 8887 After successfully configuring the gateway, you can check the gateway’s connection status to determine whether the connection has been established.

4.1.6 Common Issues
4.1.6.1 Gateway Status
1. Troubleshooting the internal program status of the gateway For Semtech UDP GWMP Protocol or Build-in LoRa Server, you can troubleshoot
by checking whether the logs show “PullData” and “PullACK” messages. If there is no response within 30 seconds, it indicates a potential issue with the gateway.

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When using the Basicstation mode, you can determine by checking whether the logs appear.
2. Can the gateway receive RF data Open the LoRa Packet Logger and use a device with the same frequency
configuration as the gateway to send data or initiate joining. As long as the LoRa module can capture logs, it indicates that the RF module is working properly.

4.1.6.2 Communication Device
1. Abnormal reception of uplink data Antenna confirmation, are the antenna frequency bands of the gateway and
terminal correct? Is the antenna properly installed? Is the gateway feed line correctly installed?
Frequency confirmation, compare the frequency points configured on the device with the frequency points configured on the gateway to see if they match.
Open the LoRa packet logger on the gateway, have the terminal send data or initiate the joining process, and check if the gateway can listen to the terminal’s data.
2. Cannot receive downlink data Antenna Confirmation: Is the antenna frequency band of the gateway and terminal
correct? Is the antenna properly installed? Is the gateway’s feeder line correctly installed? Check Packet Logger: Verify if there are logs of downlink data in the packet logger. Class A devices need to wait for an uplink from the device before sending downlink data. Class C devices will send data immediately. Make sure that the frequency and data rate you are sending on match the frequency
and data rate the device is listening on. (For the Four-Faith modules, you can set DBL=2 to view this information.)
Is the device type consistent? For devices in Class A, if the server is in Class C and sends data immediately,
but the device is not in its receive window, this can result in data loss. For devices in Class C, if the server is in Class A and sends data, the device
won’t immediately receive it. The server needs to wait for the device to send an uplink before it can transmit the downlink. If the device doesn’t send an uplink, it won’t receive the downlink. After adjusting the device or server’s class type, the device needs to be rejoined to synchronize the settings.

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4.1.6.3 Device Joining Abnormality
First, check whether the gateway can receive the joining request packet initiated by the device. If it cannot be received, please refer to the “Communication with Devices Troubleshooting” section.
Embedded NS Check whether the device has been registered in the embedded NS or if the
automatic device addition feature has been enabled. Automatic device addition requires verifying whether the AppEUI and
AppKey match. For devices that have already been registered, it’s necessary to check if the
AppKey matches. Non-Embedded NS Server
Check if the device has been added to the platform. Verify if the device’s AppEUI and AppKey match. The AppKey is a mandatory validation field, while the validation of AppEUI depends on the platform’s requirements. If the gateway can see the Join Accept downlink packet but the device doesn’t receive it, verify whether the device’s frequency band matches that of the Network Server (NS). If they don’t match, it can result in a mismatch between the listened frequency or data rate and the downlink, causing the data to not be received properly.
Note: The failure of joining is not related to the inconsistency in device types. For example, if the device is classA and the server is classC, the joining can still succeed. 4.1.6.4 Customer Platform Integration
You can use the gateway’s network diagnostic tool to ping the server IP and check if the gateway’s network is functioning properly (Path: Network Network Diagnostics Ping).
MQTT Type (Path: LoRa Network Server Interfaces Protocol Configuration)
Check if the MQTT switch is turned on. Verify the server’s IP and port. Check the connection status of MQTT
TCP Type Check if the corresponding TCP connection switch is turned on. Verification of the server’s address and port Check Corresponding Connection Status
4.1.6.5 base64 Encoding and Decoding
Online tool addresshttps://base64.us/

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It mainly involves different data types, resulting in different encoding and decoding outcomes, such as text (strings) or Hex (hexadecimal). The configuration for encoding and decoding can be found in the advanced settings shown in the above image.
Encoding: (When sending downlink data, the data needs to be encoded in base64 format.)
Text Type 1234 MTIzNA==
Hex Type (0x1234 EjQ=)
Decoding: (The content of the ‘data’ field in the upstream push data needs to be decoded from base64 to actual content)
Text TypeMTIzNA== 1234
Hex Type (EjQ= 0x1234)

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