RAKwireless RAK4631-R WisBlock Core Module User Guide

: June 12, 2024
: RAKwireless

RAKwireless RAK4631-R WisBlock Core Module User Guide

What Do You Need?

Before going through each step in the installation guide of the RAK4631-R WisBlock Core Module, make sure to prepare the necessary items listed below:

Hardware

Software

Arduino IDE

Download and install the Arduino IDE .

WARNING
If you are using Windows 10. Do NOT install the Arduino IDE from the Microsoft App Store. Instead, install the original Arduino IDE from the Arduino official website. The Arduino app from the Microsoft App Store has problems using third-party Board Support Packages.

Add RAK4631-R as a supported board in Arduino IDE by updating Board Manager URLs in Preferences settings of Arduino IDE with this JSON URL:
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/RAKWireless/RAKwireless-Arduino-BSP- Index/main/package_rakwireless.com_rui_index.json .
After that, you can then add RAKwireless RUI nRF Boards via Arduino board manager.

Visual Studio IDE

Download and install the Visual Studio IDE 2019 Community version 16.11 .

Product Configuration

Hardware Setup

Your RAK4631-R will not work on its own. It needs at least to be connected to a WisBlock Base together with the antennas attached. You can then interface various WisBlock Modules via the available slots in the WisBlock Base. You can also add a battery as a power source and optional solar charging. All hardware-related configurations for your RAK4631-R are discussed here. This section covers:

RAK4631-R Connection to Base Board
RAK4631-R Connection to Other Modules
Assembling and Disassembling of WisBlock Modules
Antenna and Battery/Solar Connection

RAK4631-R to WisBlock Base

The RAK4631-R will not work without a WisBlock Base board. The WisBlock Base provides a USB connection for programming the RAK4631-R. It also provides a power source and various interfaces to RAK4631 so that it can be connected to other WisBlock Modules via different module slots.

RAKwireless offers many WisBlock Base Boards compatible with WisBlock Core. It is highly recommended for you to look at these WisBlock Base boards to see what matches your requirements in terms of available module slots, power supply options, and overall size.

To illustrate, RAK4631-R can be connected to RAK5005-O WisBlock Base, as shown in Figure 1.

RAKwireless RAK4631-R WisBlock Core Module - Fig. 1

Few pins are exposed on RAK5005-O, and you can easily use them via header pins. The labels are at the back, as shown in Figure 2.

Each WisBlock Base board has its own set of header pins available for you to use. However, these header pins are not exactly the same in each WisBlock Base. It is common to see IO pins and communication protocol pins like I2C and UART in the WisBlock Base board. More information can be found on the official documentation of the specific WisBlock Base you used in your project.

UART1 of RAK4631-R is also used for DFU (Device Firmware Upgrade) via UART. If the UART1 console connection is successful, the USB serial console will not work.

There are useable LEDs as well in the WisBlock Base. You can control them in your code via the GREEN_LED and BLUE_RED macro.

RAK4631-R to WisBlock Modules

RAK4631-R WisBlock Core is designed to be interfaced with other WisBlock Modules like sensors, displays, and other interfaces. You need to connect these modules to the compatible slots on the WisBlock Base.

Figure 3 shows an illustration on how you can combine various WisBlock Modules with the RAK4631-R WisBlock Core via the WisBlock Base board.

RAKwireless RAK4631-R WisBlock Core Module - Fig. 3

Assembling and Disassembling of WisBlock Modules

Assembling

Figure 4 shows how to mount the RAK4631-R module on top of a WisBlock Base board (RAK5005-O). Follow carefully the procedure defined in WisBlock module assembly/disassembly instructions to secure the connection safely. Once attached, carefully fix the module with one or more pieces of M1.2 x 3 mm screws depending on the module.

RAKwireless RAK4631-R WisBlock Core Module - Fig. 4

Disassembling

The procedure in disassembling any type of WisBlock module is the same.

1. First, remove the screws.

RAKwireless RAK4631-R WisBlock Core Module - Fig. 5

2. Once the screws are removed, check the silkscreen of the module to find the correct location where force can be applied.

RAKwireless RAK4631-R WisBlock Core Module - Fig. 6

3. Apply force to the module at the position of the connector, as shown in Figure 7, to detach the module from the baseboard.

RAKwireless RAK4631-R WisBlock Core Module - Fig. 7

LoRa and BLE Antenna

Another important part component of RAK4631-R is the antennas.

RAKwireless RAK4631-R WisBlock Core Module - Fig. 8-9

You need to ensure that these are properly connected to have a good LoRa and BLE signal. Also, note that you can damage the RF section of the chip if you power the module without an antenna connected to the IPEX connector.

RAK4631-R has a label on its sticker on where to connect the antennas, as shown in Figure 10.

NOTE
Detailed information about the RAK4631-R BLE and LoRa antenna can be found on the antenna datasheet .

WARNING
When using the LoRa or Bluetooth Low Energy transceivers, make sure that an antenna is always connected. Using these transceivers without an antenna can damage the system. Make sure to fix the module with the screws to ensure a proper function.

Battery and Solar Connection

RAK4631-R can be powered via the USB cable or Li-Ion/LiPo battery via the dedicated connectors, as shown in Figure 11. The matching connector for the battery wires is a JST PHR-2 2 mm pitch female .

This illustration uses RAK5005-O as WisBlock Base. There are other WisBlock Base boards available, and you need to check the datasheet of the specific WisBlock Base board for the right polarity and other parameters.

WARNING

Batteries can cause harm if not handled properly.
Only 3.7-4.2 V Rechargeable LiPo batteries are supported. It is highly recommended not to use other types of batteries with the system unless you know what you are doing.
If a non-rechargeable battery is used, it has to be unplugged first before connecting the USB cable to the USB port of the board to configure the device. Not doing so might damage the battery or cause a fire.
Only 5 V solar panels are supported. Do not use 12 V solar panels. It will destroy the charging unit and eventually other electronic parts.
Make sure the battery wires match the polarity on the RAK5005-O board. Not all batteries have the same wiring.

RAKwireless RAK4631-R WisBlock Core Module - Fig.
11-12

The battery can be recharged, as well, via a small solar panel, as shown in Figure 13. The matching connector for the solar panel wires is an JST ZHR-2 1.5 mm pitch female .

RAKwireless RAK4631-R WisBlock Core Module - Fig. 13

Specification of the battery and solar panel can be found on the datasheet of the WisBlock Base.

Software Initial Guide

The firmware of RAK4631-R allows you to develop custom firmware on top of its built-in AT Commands setting. To develop your firmware using Arduino IDE, you need first to add RAKwireless RUI nRF Boards in the Arduino board manager, which will be discussed in this guide. You can then use RUI3 APIs for your intended application. For the AT commands, you can send it either via a USB connection, UART1, or wirelessly via BLE connection.

This section covers:

Arduino IDE with RAK4631-R
Visual Studio IDE with RAK4631-R
AT Command Demo via BLE
More guides can be found on Demo and Examples page

RAK4631-R Board Support Package in Arduino IDE

If you don’t have an Arduino IDE yet, you can download it on the Arduino official website and follow the installation procedure in the miscellaneous section of this document.

NOTE
For Windows 10 users: If your Arduino IDE was installed from the Microsoft App Store, you need to reinstall your Arduino IDE by downloading it from the Arduino official website. The Arduino app from the Microsoft App Store has problems using third-party Board Support Packages.

Once Arduino IDE has been installed successfully, and you’ve understood the main parts of Arduino IDE, you can do some configuration changes on Arduino IDE so that it can be adapted to RAKWireless WisBlock.

1. Open Arduino IDE and go to File > Preferences.

RAKwireless RAK4631-R WisBlock Core Module - Fig. 14

2. To add the RAK4631-R WisBlock Core to your Arduino Boards list, you need to edit the Additional Board Manager URLs. Click the icon, as shown in Figure 15.

RAKwireless RAK4631-R WisBlock Core Module - Fig. 15

3. Copy the URL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/RAKWireless/RAKwireless- Arduino-BSPIndex/main/package_rakwireless.com_rui_index.json and paste it on the field, as shown in Figure 16. If there are other URLs already there, just add them on the next line. After adding the URL, click OK.

RAKwireless RAK4631-R WisBlock Core Module - Fig. 16

4. Restart the Arduino IDE. 5. Open the Boards Manager from Tools Menu.

RAKwireless RAK4631-R WisBlock Core Module - Fig. 17

6. Write RAK in the search bar, as shown in Figure 18. This will show the available RAKwireless WisBlock Core boards that you can add to your Arduino Board list. Select and install the RAKwireless RUI nRF Boards

RAKwireless RAK4631-R WisBlock Core Module - Fig. 18

7. Once the BSP is installed, select Tools > Boards Manager > RAKWireless RUI nRF Modules > WisBlock Core RAK4631 Board.

RAKwireless RAK4631-R WisBlock Core Module - Fig. 19

Programming RAK4631-R via Visual Studio IDE

Visual Studio IDE Download and Installation

If you don’t have Visual Studio IDE yet, download the installer on Visual Studio IDE Community 2019 .

RAKwireless RAK4631-R WisBlock Core Module - Fig. 20

Windows Setup

Install the Visual Studio Community 2019, which you just downloaded, on your Windows PC.

1. Click the Continue button.

2. On the next installer window, select the Desktop development with C++ tab and then click on the Install button.

RAKwireless RAK4631-R WisBlock Core Module - Fig. 22 3. A reboot is required after the successful installation. Restart your computer first before you start using Visual Studio.

4. After restarting your computer, download the Arduino IDE for Visual Studio 2019 .

Alternative link: Arduino IDE for Visual Studio 2019

RAKwireless RAK4631-R WisBlock Core Module - Fig. 25

5. Click on the Install button to install the Arduino IDE VSIX extension.

Arduino IDE VSIX installation completed.

Configuring Visual Studio Community 2019

1. Open Visual Studio 2019 then click on the Continue without code.

RAKwireless RAK4631-R WisBlock Core Module - Fig. 28

RAKwireless RAK4631-R WisBlock Core Module - Fig. 29

2. In the Menu tab, click Extensions and select vMicr then Visual Micro Explorer.

RAKwireless RAK4631-R WisBlock Core Module - Fig. 30

3. A Micro Explorer window appears. Under the IDE tab, select IDE Arduino 1.6/1.8 then click on the IDE Locations tab.

RAKwireless RAK4631-R WisBlock Core Module - Fig. 31

4. After that, execute the following to configure the IDE Locations:

On Use installed IDE field, select Arduino 1.6/1.8.
Check if the Arduino IDE is already installed on folder C:Program Files (x86)Arduino .
Copy the RUI URL: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/RAKWireless/RAKwireless-Arduino-BSPIndex/main/package_rakwireless.com_rui_index.json and paste it on Optional addition boards manager urls.

RAKwireless RAK4631-R WisBlock Core Module - Fig. 32

5. Install RAKwireless RUI nRF Boards.

Restart the Visual Studio IDE.
Open the Visual Micro Explorer on the Extensions -> vMicro -> Visual Micro Explorer.
Click on the Board Manager tab and check RAKwireless RUI nRF Boards. This will show the available versions of RAKwireless RUI nRF boards.

RAKwireless RAK4631-R WisBlock Core Module - Fig. 33

Select the latest available version of RAKwireless RUI nRF board and then click OK to install.

RAKwireless RAK4631-R WisBlock Core Module - Fig. 34

NOTE
You can also install RAKwireless RUI nRF Boards using the RAK4631-R Board Support Package. The Visual Studio IDE 2019 imports Arduino IDE settings.

Compile an Example With RAK4631-R

1. Launch Visual Studio IDE and open Visual Micro Explorer on Extensions -> vMicro -> Visual Micro Explorer.

RAKwireless RAK4631-R WisBlock Core Module - Fig. 35

2. Click on the Examples tab and then search for RAK4631 on the RUI_V3_examples folder.

RAKwireless RAK4631-R WisBlock Core Module - Fig. 36

3. In the Visual Micro – Help and Examples window, click on the Open Copy button.

4. Now, close the Micro Explorer window and open the Arduino sketch on the Solution Explorer window:

Click on the x icon to close Micro Explorer .
Click on the triangle icon to open Solution Explorer .

RAKwireless RAK4631-R WisBlock Core Module - Fig. 38

5. In the Solution Explorer, under RAK4631, click the RAK4631.ino file.

RAKwireless RAK4631-R WisBlock Core Module - Fig. 39

6. Configure Solution, Platform, and Serial Port. Click the dropdown and choose the following:

Solution Configuration field: Release
Solution Platforms field: x86
Serial Portfield: Choose the RAK4631-R COM port detected in the Windows Device Manager.

RAKwireless RAK4631-R WisBlock Core Module - Fig. 40

7. Click on the Build and Upload icon to flash the project on RAK4631-R.

NOTE:
RAK4631-R should automatically go to BOOT mode when the firmware is uploaded via Arduino IDE.
If BOOT mode is not initiated, pull to ground the RESET pin twice (or double click the reset button if available) to force BOOT mode.

RAKwireless RAK4631-R WisBlock Core Module - Fig. 41

After a successful upload, you can now use your preferred console UART tool to connect with the RAK4631-R COM port. If the connection is successful, then you will see the output messages.

8. Type the following commands to check the current firmware version:

RAKwireless RAK4631-R WisBlock Core Module - Fig. 42

AT Command Over BLE

This section shows how to use AT Commands over BLE using a Serial Bluetooth Terminal.

All available commands can be found in the AT Command Manual of RAK4631-R.

1. Download and install the Serial Bluetooth Terminal to connect the device.

2. Make sure the Bluetooth on your mobile is turned on.

3. Select Category then Devices.

RAKwireless RAK4631-R WisBlock Core Module - Fig. 43

4. Select the Bluetooth LE icon and click the SCAN icon to scan the device.

5. Look for a BLE Device named “RAK.XXXXXX” in the scanner list of the app and connect to this device.

NOTE
By default, the BLE signal of the RAK4631-R turns off automatically if no connection is established after 30 seconds. Connect to the BLE signal of the RAK4631-R immediately after pressing the reset button.

RAKwireless RAK4631-R WisBlock Core Module - Fig. 44

6. Make sure the connection is successful with “RAK.XXXXXX”.

RAKwireless RAK4631-R WisBlock Core Module - Fig. 45

7. Send an AT Command and check remote console is received or not.

RAKwireless RAK4631-R WisBlock Core Module - Fig. 46

8. The remote device will receive the same AT Commands.

RAKwireless RAK4631-R WisBlock Core Module - AT
Commands

Miscellaneous

Arduino Installation

Go to Arduino official website and download the Arduino IDE . You can see the multiple versions available for Windows, Linux, and Mac OS X. Choose the correct version of Arduino IDE and download it.

RAKwireless RAK4631-R WisBlock Core Module - Fig. 47

For Windows

NOTE
For Windows 10 users: Do NOT install the Arduino IDE from the Microsoft App store. Install the original Arduino IDE from the Arduino official website. The Arduino app from the Microsoft App Store has problems using third-party Board Support Packages.

1. Install the Arduino IDE, which you just downloaded, on your Windows PC.

2. Click I Agree then Next to proceed.

RAKwireless RAK4631-R WisBlock Core Module - Fig.
48-49

3. Click Install.

RAKwireless RAK4631-R WisBlock Core Module - Fig.
50-51

After 100% progress, the Arduino IDE has been installed successfully.

For Linux

First, you need the check the compatibility with your system and choose between the 32-bit, 64-bit, and ARM versions of the Arduino IDE for Linux.

Installing via a tarball

1. After downloading the correct Arduino version, open a terminal, then run ls to check the installation file on the download folder.

RAKwireless RAK4631-R WisBlock Core Module - Fig. 53

2. A tarball is a type of compressed folder, like a .zip file, commonly used to distribute software in Linux. To extract the files from the tarball, change the directory to where the downloaded tarball is, then run:

RAKwireless RAK4631-R WisBlock Core Module - Fig. 54

3. When the tar command is finished, run ls again. A folder named arduino- version will be created.

RAKwireless RAK4631-R WisBlock Core Module - Fig. 55

4. Change the current directory and go to the newly created folder directory. There will be a file named install.sh in the folder. Execute sudo ./install.sh to install the Arduino IDE.

RAKwireless RAK4631-R WisBlock Core Module - Fig. 56

The sudo command temporarily elevates privileges allowing the installer to complete sensitive tasks without logging in as the root user.

For Mac OS X

In Mac OS X, the same as Linux, there is no installation process. It is just a process of decompression, then you can open Arduino IDE successfully.

Arduino IDE Parts Guide

Figure 58 shows the five (5) parts of Arduino IDE.

RAKwireless RAK4631-R WisBlock Core Module - Fig. 57

1. IDE Option Menu
You can configure some general parameters such as the serial port, the board information, the libraries, the edit parameters, and so on.

2. Operating Buttons
The operating buttons have five operations: