DIGI International XBee OEM Wi-Fi Module User Guide
- July 31, 2024
- DIGI International
Table of Contents
XBee OEM Wi-Fi Module
“`html
Product Information
Technical Specifications
- Electrical Characteristics:
- DC Characteristics (VCC = 2.8 – 3.4 VDC)
- ADC timing/performance characteristics
- Performance Specifications
- Power Requirements
- General Specifications
- Networking and Security Specifications
- Regulatory Conformity Summary
Hardware
- Antenna Options
- XBee/XBee-PRO S1 802.15.4 (Legacy) Mechanical Drawings
- Mounting Considerations
- Pin Signals
- Design Notes
- Power Supply Design
- Board Layout
- Antenna Performance
- Pin Connection Recommendations
- Keepout Area
Operation
- Serial Communications
- UART Data Flow
- Transparent Operating Mode
- API Operating Mode
- Flow Control
- ADC and Digital I/O Line Support
- I/O Data Format
- API Support
- Sleep Support
- DIO Pin Change Detect
- Sample Rate (Interval)
- I/O Line Passing
Configuration Example
- Networks
- Peer-to-Peer Networks
- NonBeacon (with Coordinator)
- Association
- Addressing
- Unicast Mode
- Broadcast Mode
FAQ
Q: How do I update the firmware version on the XBee/XBee-PRO S1
802.15.4 (Legacy) RF Modules?
A: To update the firmware version, follow these steps: 1.
Download the latest firmware version from the manufacturer’s
website. 2. Connect the XBee module to your computer using a
compatible interface. 3. Use the manufacturer’s software tool to
upload the new firmware to the module. 4. Follow any additional
instructions provided by the manufacturer to complete the update
process.
“`
XBee/XBee-PRO S1 802.15.4 (Legacy)
RF Modules
User Guide
Revision history–90000982
Revision Date
Description
T
December Corrected RESET pin information.
2015
U
May 2016 Noted that bit 13 of the SC parameter is not available for XBee-PRO devices.
Corrected an error in the I/O line passing parameters table. Added S1 and
Legacy to the product name. Updated the certifications.
V
October Updated and rebranded the documentation.
2016
W
June 2017 Modified regulatory and certification information as required by RED (Radio
Equipment Directive).
X
May 2018 Added note on range estimation. Changed IC to ISED.
Trademarks and copyright
Digi, Digi International, and the Digi logo are trademarks or registered
trademarks in the United States and other countries worldwide. All other
trademarks mentioned in this document are the property of their respective
owners. © 2018 Digi International Inc. All rights reserved.
Disclaimers
Information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not
represent a commitment on the part of Digi International. Digi provides this
document “as is,” without warranty of any kind, expressed or implied,
including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of fitness or
merchantability for a particular purpose. Digi may make improvements and/or
changes in this manual or in the product(s) and/or the program(s) described in
this manual at any time.
Warranty
To view product warranty information, go to the following website:
www.digi.com/howtobuy/terms
Customer support
Gather support information: Before contacting Digi technical support for help,
gather the following information:
XBee/XBee-PRO S1 802.15.4 (Legacy) User Guide
2
Product name and model Product serial number (s) Firmware version Operating
system/browser (if applicable) Logs (from time of reported issue) Trace (if
possible) Description of issue Steps to reproduce Contact Digi technical
support: Digi offers multiple technical support plans and service packages.
Contact us at +1 952.912.3444 or visit us at www.digi.com/support.
Feedback
To provide feedback on this document, email your comments to
techcomm@digi.com
Include the document title and part number (XBee/XBee-PRO S1 802.15.4 (Legacy)
User Guide, 90000982 X) in the subject line of your email.
XBee/XBee-PRO S1 802.15.4 (Legacy) User Guide
3
Contents
About the XBee/XBee-PRO S1 802.15.4 (Legacy) RF Modules
Technical specifications
Electrical characteristics
10
DC Characteristics (VCC = 2.8 – 3.4 VDC)
10
ADC timing/performance characteristics1
11
Performance specifications
12
Power requirements
12
General specifications
13
Networking and security specifications
13
Regulatory conformity summary
13
Hardware
Antenna options
16
XBee/XBee-PRO S1 802.15.4 (Legacy) Mechanical drawings
16
Mounting considerations
16
Pin signals
17
Design notes
19
Power supply design
19
Board layout
19
Antenna performance
19
Pin connection recommendations
20
Keepout area
20
Operation
Serial communications
23
UART data flow
23
Transparent operating mode
24
API operating mode
24
Flow control
25
ADC and Digital I/O line support
26
I/O data format
27
API support
27
Sleep support
27
DIO pin change detect
28
Sample rate (interval)
28
I/O line passing
28
XBee/XBee-PRO S1 802.15.4 (Legacy) User Guide
4
Configuration example
30
Networks
30
Peer-to-peer networks
31
NonBeacon (with coordinator)
31
Association
31
Addressing
34
Unicast mode
34
Broadcast mode
35
Modes of operation
35
Idle mode
36
Transmit/Receive modes
36
Sleep modes
38
Multiple AT commands
41
Parameter format
41
Configuration
Configure the device using XCTU
44
Programming the RF module
44
Setup
44
Remote configuration commands
45
Send a remote command
45
Apply changes on remote devices
46
Remote command responses
46
Software libraries
46
XBee Network Assistant
46
AT commands
Special commands
49
WR (Write)
49
RE (Restore Defaults)
49
FR (Software Reset)
49
Networking and security commands
50
CH (Channel)
50
ID (PAN ID)
50
DH (Destination Address High)
50
DL (Destination Address Low)
51
MY (16-bit Source Address)
51
SH (Serial Number High)
51
SL (Serial Number Low)
51
RR (XBee Retries)
52
RN (Random Delay Slots)
52
MM (MAC Mode)
53
NI (Node Identifier)
53
ND (Node Discover)
54
NT (Node Discover Time)
55
NO (Node Discovery Options)
55
DN (Destination Node)
55
CE (Coordinator Enable)
56
SC (Scan Channels)
56
SD (Scan Duration)
57
A1 (End Device Association)
58
A2 (Coordinator Association)
59
XBee/XBee-PRO S1 802.15.4 (Legacy) User Guide
5
AI (Association Indication)
60
DA (Force Disassociation)
61
FP (Force Poll)
61
AS (Active Scan)
61
ED (Energy Scan)
62
EE (AES Encryption Enable)
63
KY (AES Encryption Key)
63
RF interfacing commands
64
PL (Power Level)
64
CA (CCA Threshold)
64
Sleep commands (low power)
65
SM (Sleep Mode)
65
SO (Sleep Options)
66
ST (Time before Sleep)
66
SP (Cyclic Sleep Period)
66
DP (Disassociated Cyclic Sleep Period)
67
Serial interfacing commands
67
BD (Interface Data Rate)
67
RO (Packetization Timeout)
69
AP (API Enable)
69
NB (Parity)
70
PR (Pull-up/Down Resistor Enable)
70
I/O settings commands
71
D0 (DIO0 Configuration)
71
D1 (DIO1 Configuration)
71
D2 (AD2/DIO2 Configuration)
72
D3 (DIO3 Configuration)
72
D4 (DIO4 Configuration)
73
D5 (DIO5 Configuration)
73
D6 (DIO6 Configuration)
74
D7 (DIO7 Configuration)
74
D8 (DIO8 Configuration)
75
IU (I/O Output Enable)
75
IT (Samples before TX)
76
IS (Force Sample)
76
IO (Digital Output Level)
77
IC (DIO Change Detect)
77
IR (Sample Rate)
77
IA (I/O Input Address)
78
T0 (D0 Output Timeout)
78
T1 (D1 Output Timeout)
79
T2 (D2 Output Timeout)
79
T3 (D3 Output Timeout)
79
T4 (D4 Output Timeout)
80
T5 (D5 Output Timeout)
80
T6 (D6 Output Timeout)
80
T7 (D7 Output Timeout)
81
P0 (PWM0 Configuration)
81
P1 (PWM1 Configuration)
81
M0 (PWM0 Output Level)
82
M1 (PWM1 Output Level)
82
PT (PWM Output Timeout)
83
RP (RSSI PWM Timer)
83
Diagnostic commands
83
VR (Firmware Version)
84
XBee/XBee-PRO S1 802.15.4 (Legacy) User Guide
6
VL (Version Long)
84
HV (Hardware Version)
84
DB (Last Packet RSSI)
84
EC (CCA Failures)
85
EA (ACK Failures)
85
ED (Energy Scan)
85
Command mode options
86
CT (Command Mode Timeout)
86
CN (Exit Command mode)
86
AC (Apply Changes)
86
GT (Guard Times)
87
CC (Command Sequence Character)
87
API operation
API frame specifications
89
API operation (AP parameter = 1)
89
API operation-with escaped characters (AP parameter = 2)
89
Calculate and verify checksums
90
Example
90
API types
91
Modem Status – 0x8A
91
Modem status codes
93
Local AT Command Request – 0x08
93
Queue Local AT Command Request – 0x09
95
Local AT Command Response – 0x88
96
Remote AT Command Request – 0x17
98
Remote AT Command Response- 0x97
100
64-bit Transmit Request – 0x00
102
16-bit Transmit Request – 0x01
104
Transmit Status – 0x89
106
64-bit Receive Packet – 0x80
108
16-bit Receive Packet – 0x81
109
64-bit I/O Sample Indicator – 0x82
111
16-bit I/O Sample Indicator – 0x83
113
Regulatory information
United States (FCC)
116
OEM labeling requirements
116
FCC notices
116
FCC-approved antennas (2.4 GHz)
117
RF exposure
123
Europe (CE)
123
Maximum power and frequency specifications
123
OEM labeling requirements
123
Declarations of conformity
124
Antennas
124
ISED (Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada)
125
Labeling requirements
125
Japan
125
Labeling requirements
125
Brazil ANATEL
125
XBee/XBee-PRO S1 802.15.4 (Legacy) User Guide
7
About the XBee/XBee-PRO S1 802.15.4 (Legacy) RF Modules
The XBee and XBee-PRO RF Modules were engineered to meet IEEE 802.15.4
standards and support the unique needs of low-cost, low-power wireless sensor
networks. The devices require minimal power and provide reliable delivery of
data between devices. The devices operate within the ISM 2.4 GHz frequency
band and are pin-for-pin compatible with each other.
XBee/XBee-PRO S1 802.15.4 (Legacy) User Guide
8
Technical specifications
Electrical characteristics
10
Performance specifications
12
Power requirements
12
General specifications
13
Networking and security specifications
13
Regulatory conformity summary
13
XBee/XBee-PRO S1 802.15.4 (Legacy) User Guide
9
Technical specifications
Electrical characteristics
Electrical characteristics
The following tables list the electrical characteristics of the XBee/XBee-PRO
XBee/XBee-PRO S1 802.15.4 (Legacy) RF Modules.
DC Characteristics (VCC = 2.8 – 3.4 VDC)
Symbol Characteristic
Condition
Min Typical
Max Unit
VIL
Input low voltage All Digital Inputs
–
–
0.35 * V VCC
VIH
Input high voltage All Digital Inputs
0.7 * VCC
–
V
VOL
Output low voltage IOL = 2 mA, VCC >= 2.7 V –
–
VOH
Output high
voltage
IOH = -2 mA, VCC >= 2.7 VCC –
V
– 0.5
0.5 V
–
V
IIIN
Input leakage
Current
VIN = VCC or GND, all inputs, per pin
0.025
1
µA
IIOZ
High impedance VIN = VCC or GND, all –
0.025
leakage current
I/O High-Z, per pin
1
µA
TX
Transmit current VCC = 3.3 V
–
45 (XBee)
–
mA
215, 140 (XBee-PRO,
International)
RX
Receive current
VCC = 3.3 V
–
50 (XBee)
55 (XBee-PRO)
–
mA
PWRDWN
Power-down current
SM parameter = 1
–
<10
–
µA
ADC characteristics (operating)
Symbol Characteristic
VREFH
VREF – analog-to-digital converter reference range
IREF
VREF – reference supply current
VINDC Analog input voltage2
Condition
Enabled Disabled or Sleep Mode
Min Typical Max Unit
2.08 –
VDDAD1 V
–
200
–
µA
–
<0.01 0.02 µA
VSSAD 0.3
VDDAD + V 0.3
1. VDDAD is connected to VCC. 2. Maximum electrical operating range, not valid conversion range.
XBee/XBee-PRO S1 802.15.4 (Legacy) User Guide
10
Technical specifications
Electrical characteristics
ADC timing/performance characteristics1
Symbol RAS VAIN RES DNL INL EZS FFS EIL ETU
Characteristic Source impedance at input2 Analog input voltage3 Ideal resolution (1 LSB)4 Differential non-linearity5 Integral non-linearity6 Zero- scale error7 Full-scale error8 Input leakage error9 Total unadjusted error10
Condition 2.08V < VDDAD < 3.6V –
Min
VREFL 2.031 –
Typical ±0.5 ±0.5 ±0.4 ±0.4 ±0.05 ±1.1
Max VREFL 3.516 ±1.0 ±1.0 ±1.0 ±1.0 ±5.0 ±2.5
Unit kW V mV LSB LSB LSB LSB LSB LSB
1. All accuracy numbers are based on the processor and system being in WAIT
state (very little activity and no I/O switching) and that adequate low-pass
filtering is present on analog input pins (filter with 0.01 µF to 0.1 µF
capacitor between analog input and VREFL). Failure to observe these guidelines
may result in system or microcontroller noise causing accuracy errors which
will vary based on board layout and the type and magnitude of the activity.
Data transmission and reception during data conversion may cause some
degradation of these specifications, depending on the number and timing of
packets. We advise testing the ADCs in your installation if best accuracy is
required.
2. RAS is the real portion of the impedance of the network driving the analog
input pin. Values greater than this amount may not fully charge the input
circuitry of the ATD resulting in accuracy error.
3. Analog input must be between VREFL and VREFH for valid conversion. Values
greater than VREFH will convert to $3FF.
4. The resolution is the ideal step size or 1LSB = (VREFHVREFL)/1024.
5. Differential non-linearity is the difference between the current code
width and the ideal code width (1LSB). The current code width is the
difference in the transition voltages to and from the current code.
6. Integral non-linearity is the difference between the transition voltage to
the current code and the adjusted ideal transition voltage for the current
code. The adjusted ideal transition voltage is (Current
Code1/2)(1/((VREFH+EFS)(VREFL+EZS))).
7. Zero-scale error is the difference between the transition to the first
valid code and the ideal transition to that code. The Ideal transition voltage
to a given code is (Code1/2)(1/(VREFH VREFL)).
8. Full-scale error is the difference between the transition to the last
valid code and the ideal transition to that code. The ideal transition voltage
to a given code is (Code1/2)*(1/(VREFH VREFL)).
9. Input leakage error is error due to input leakage across the real portion
of the impedance of the network driving the analog pin. Reducing the impedance
of the network reduces this error.
XBee/XBee-PRO S1 802.15.4 (Legacy) User Guide
11
Technical specifications
Performance specifications
10. Total unadjusted error is the difference between the transition voltage
to the current code and the ideal straight-line transfer function. This
measure of error includes inherent quantization error (1/2LSB) and circuit
error (differential, integral, zero-scale, and full-scale) error. The
specified value of ETU assumes zero EIL (no leakage or zero real source
impedance).
Performance specifications
The following table describes the performance specifications for the devices.
Note Range figure estimates are based on free-air terrain with limited sources
of interference. Actual range will vary based on transmitting power,
orientation of transmitter and receiver, height of transmitting antenna,
height of receiving antenna, weather conditions, interference sources in the
area, and terrain between receiver and transmitter, including indoor and
outdoor structures such as walls, trees, buildings, hills, and mountains.
Specification Indoor/urban range
Outdoor RF line-of-sight range
Transmit power output (software selectable) RF data rate Serial interface data
rate (software selectable) Receiver sensitivity (typical)
XBee Up to 100 ft (30 m)
XBee-PRO Up to 300 ft. (90 m) Up to 200 ft (60 m) International variant
Up to 300 ft (90 m)
Up to 1 mile (1600 m) Up to 2500 ft (750 m) international variant
1 mW (0 dBm)
63 mW (18 dBm)* 10 mW (10 dBm) for international variant
250,000 b/s
250,000 b/s
1200 b/s – 250 kb/s
1200 bps – 250 kb/s
(non-standard baud rates also (non-standard baud rates also
supported)
supported)
-92 dBm (1% packet error rate)
100 dBm (1% packet error rate)
Power requirements
The following table describes the power requirements for the XBee/XBee-PRO S1
802.15.4 (Legacy).
Specification Supply voltage Transmit current (typical)
Idle/receive current (typical) Power-down current
XBee 2.8 – 3.4 V 45 mA (@ 3.3 V)
50 mA (@ 3.3 V) < 10 uA
XBee-PRO 2.8 – 3.4 V
n 250 mA (@3.3 V) (150 mA for international variant) RPSMA module only.
n 340 mA (@3.3 V) (180 mA for international variant) 55 mA (@ 3.3 V)
< 10 uA
XBee/XBee-PRO S1 802.15.4 (Legacy) User Guide
12
Technical specifications
General specifications
General specifications
The following table describes the general specifications for the devices.
Specification XBee
Operating frequency band
ISM 2.4 GHz
Dimensions 0.960 in x 1.087 in (2.438 cm x 2.761 cm)
Operating -40 to 85ºC (industrial) temperature
Antenna options
Integrated whip antenna, embedded PCB antenna, U.FL connector, RPSMA connector
XBee-PRO ISM 2.4 GHz
0.960 in x 1.297 in (2.438 cm x 3.294 cm) -40 to 85ºC (industrial) Integrated
whip antenna, embedded PCB antenna, U.FL connector, RPSMA connector
Networking and security specifications
The following table describes the networking and security specifications for
the devices.
Specification Supported network topologies
Number of channels (software selectable) Addressing options
XBee Point-to-point, point-to-multipoint and peer-to-peer 16 direct sequence
channels
PAN ID, channel and addresses
XBee-PRO
12 direct sequence channels PAN ID, channel and addresses
Regulatory conformity summary
This table describes the agency approvals for the devices.
Specification United States (FCC Part 15.247) Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada (ISED) Europe (CE)
XBee OUR-XBEE 4214A-XBEE
Yes
XBee-PRO OUR-XBEEPRO 4214A-XBEEPRO
Yes (Maximum 10 dBm transmit power output)1
1See Regulatory information or region-specific certification requirements.
XBee/XBee-PRO S1 802.15.4 (Legacy) User Guide
13
Technical specifications Specification Japan
Australia/New Zealand Brazil
Regulatory conformity summary
XBee
XBee-PRO
R201WW07215214 R201WW08215111 (Maximum 10 dBm transmit power output)*
RCM/R-NZ ANATEL 0369-151209
Wire, chip, RPMSA, and U.FL versions are certified for Japan. PCB antenna version is not. RCM/R-NZ ANATEL 0378-15-1209
XBee/XBee-PRO S1 802.15.4 (Legacy) User Guide
14
Hardware
Antenna options
16
XBee/XBee-PRO S1 802.15.4 (Legacy) Mechanical drawings
16
Mounting considerations
16
Pin signals
17
Design notes
19
XBee/XBee-PRO S1 802.15.4 (Legacy) User Guide
15
Hardware
Antenna options
Antenna options
The ranges specified are typical for the integrated whip (1.5 dBi) and dipole
(2.1 dBi) antennas. The printed circuit board (PCB) antenna option provides
advantages in its form factor; however, it typically yields shorter range than
the whip and dipole antenna options when transmitting outdoors. For more
information, see XBee and XBee-PRO OEM RF Module Antenna Considerations
Application Note.
XBee/XBee-PRO S1 802.15.4 (Legacy) Mechanical drawings
The following graphics show the mechanical drawings of the XBee / XBee-PRO OEM
RF Modules. The XBee and XBee-PRO RF Modules are pin-for-pin compatible.
Note The antenna options not shown.
Mounting considerations
We design the through-hole module to mount into a receptacle so that you do
not have to solder the module when you mount it to a board. The development
kits may contain RS-232 and USB interface boards that use two 20-pin
receptacles to receive modules.
The following illustration shows the module mounting into the receptacle on
the RS-232 interface board.
XBee/XBee-PRO S1 802.15.4 (Legacy) User Guide
16
Hardware
Pin signals
Century Interconnect manufactures the receptacles used on Digi development
boards. Several other manufacturers provide comparable mounting solutions;
however, Digi currently uses the following receptacles:
n Through-hole single-row receptacles: Samtec part number: MMS-110-01-L-SV (or
equivalent) n Surface-mount double-row receptacles: Century Interconnect part
number: CPRMSL20-D-0-1
(or equivalent) n Surface-mount single-row receptacles: Samtec part number:
SMM-110-02-SM-S
Note We recommend that you print an outline of the module on the board to
indicate the correct orientation for mounting the module.
Pin signals
The following image shows the pin numbers; it shows the device’s top sides,
the shields are on the bottom.
The following table describes the pin assignments for the devices. A horizontal line above the signal name indicates low-asserted signals.
Pin Name 1 VCC 2 DOUT
Direction Output
Description Power supply UART data out
XBee/XBee-PRO S1 802.15.4 (Legacy) User Guide
17
Hardware
Pin signals
Pin Name 3 DIN/CONFIG 4 DO81 5 RESET
Direction Input Either Input/Open drain output
6 PWM0/RSSI
Either
7 PWM1
Either
8 [reserved]
–
9 DTR/SLEEP_RQ/DI8 Either
10 GND
–
11 AD4/DIO4
Either
12 CTS /DIO7
Either
13 ON/SLEEP
Output
14 VREF
Input
15 Associate/AD5/DIO5 Either
16 RTS/DIO6
Either
17 AD3/DIO3
Either
18 AD2/DIO2
Either
19 AD1/DIO1
Either
20 AD0/DIO0
Either
Description UART data In Digital output 8 Device reset (reset pulse must be at least 200 ns). This must be driven as an open drain/collector. The device drives this line low when a reset occurs. Never drive this line high. PWM output 0 / RX signal strength indicator PWM output 1 Do not connect Pin sleep control line or digital input 8 Ground Analog input 4 or digital I/O 4 Clear- to-send flow control or digital I/O 7 Device status indicator Voltage reference for A/D inputs Associated indicator, analog input 5 or digital I/O 5 Request-to-send flow control, or digital I/O 6 Analog input 3 or digital I/O 3 Analog input 2 or digital I/O 2 Analog input 1 or digital I/O 1 Analog input 0, digital I/O 0
Notes:
n Minimum connections: VCC, GND, DOUT and DIN n Minimum connections for
updating firmware: VCC, GND, DIN, DOUT, RTS and DTR n Signal direction is
specified with respect to the module n The module includes a 50 k pull-up
resistor attached to RESET n You can configure several of the input pull-ups
using the PR command n Leave any unused pins disconnected
1Function is not supported at the time of this release.
XBee/XBee-PRO S1 802.15.4 (Legacy) User Guide
18
Hardware
Design notes
Design notes
The XBee modules do not specifically require any external circuitry specific
connections for proper operation. However, there are some general design
guidelines that we recommend for help in troubleshooting and building a robust
design.
Power supply design
A poor power supply can lead to poor device performance, especially if you do
not keep the supply voltage within tolerance or if it is excessively noisy. To
help reduce noise, place a 1.0 F and 8.2 pF capacitor as near as possible to
pin 1 on the PCB. If you are using a switching regulator for the power supply,
switch the frequencies above 500 kHz. Limit the power supply ripple to a
maximum 100 mV peak to peak.
Board layout
We design XBee devices to be self sufficient and have minimal sensitivity to
nearby processors, crystals or other printed circuit board (PCB) components.
Keep power and ground traces thicker than signal traces and make sure that
they are able to comfortably support the maximum current specifications. There
are no other special PCB design considerations to integrate XBee devices, with
the exception of antennas.
Antenna performance
Antenna location is important for optimal performance. The following
suggestions help you achieve optimal antenna performance. Point the antenna up
vertically (upright). Antennas radiate and receive the best signal
perpendicular to the direction they point, so a vertical antenna’s
omnidirectional radiation pattern is strongest across the horizon. Position
the antennas away from metal objects whenever possible. Metal objects between
the transmitter and receiver can block the radiation path or reduce the
transmission distance. Objects that are often overlooked include:
n metal poles n metal studs n structure beams n concrete, which is usually
reinforced with metal rods
If you place the device inside a metal enclosure, use an external antenna.
Common objects that have metal enclosures include:
n vehicles n elevators n ventilation ducts n refrigerators n microwave ovens n
batteries n tall electrolytic capacitors
Do not place XBee devices with the chip or integrated PCB antenna inside a
metal enclosure. Do not place any ground planes or metal objects above or
below the antenna.
XBee/XBee-PRO S1 802.15.4 (Legacy) User Guide
19
Hardware
Design notes
For the best results, mount the device at the edge of the host PCB. Ensure
that the ground, power, and signal planes are vacant immediately below the
antenna section.
Pin connection recommendations
The only required pin connections are VCC, GND, DOUT and DIN. To support
serial firmware updates, you should connect VCC, GND, DOUT, DIN, RTS, and
SLEEP (DTR). Leave all unused pins disconnected. Pull all inputs on the device
high with internal pull-up resistors using the PR command. You do not need a
specific treatment for unused outputs. Other pins may be connected to external
circuitry for convenience of operation including the Associate LED pin (pin
15). The Associate LED flashes differently depending on the state of the
device. If analog sampling is desired, attach the VRef (pin 14) to a voltage
reference.
Keepout area
We recommend that you allow a “keepout” area, as shown in the following
drawing.
XBee/XBee-PRO S1 802.15.4 (Legacy) User Guide
20
Hardware
Design notes
Notes
1. We recommend non-metal enclosures. For metal enclosures, use an external
antenna.
2. Keep metal chassis or mounting structures in the keepout area at least
2.54 cm (1 in) from the antenna.
3. Maximize the distance between the antenna and metal objects that might be
mounted in the keepout area.
4. These keepout area guidelines do not apply for wire whip antennas or
external RF connectors. Wire whip antennas radiate best over the center of a
ground plane.
XBee/XBee-PRO S1 802.15.4 (Legacy) User Guide
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Operation
Serial communications
23
ADC and Digital I/O line support
26
Networks
30
Addressing
34
Modes of operation
35
Multiple AT commands
41
Parameter format
41
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Operation
Serial communications
Serial communications
RF Modules interface to a host device through a serial port. Using its serial
port, the device communicates with any of the following:
n Logic and voltage compatible UART n Level translator to any serial device
(for example, through an RS-232 or USB interface board)
UART data flow
Devices that have a UART interface connect directly to the pins of the XBee
/XBee-PRO S1 802.15.4 (Legacy) as shown in the following figure. The figure
shows system data flow in a UART-interfaced environment. Low-asserted signals
have a horizontal line over the signal name.
Serial data
A device sends data to the XBee/XBee-PRO S1 802.15.4 (Legacy)’s UART through
pin 3 DIN as an asynchronous serial signal. When the device is not
transmitting data, the signals should idle high. For serial communication to
occur, you must configure the UART of both devices (the microcontroller and
the XBee/XBee-PRO S1 802.15.4 (Legacy)) with compatible settings for the baud
rate, parity, start bits, stop bits, and data bits. Each data byte consists of
a start bit (low), 8 data bits (least significant bit first) and a stop bit
(high). The following diagram illustrates the serial bit pattern of data
passing through the device. The diagram shows UART data packet 0x1F (decimal
number 31) as transmitted through the device.
Serial communications depend on the two UARTs (the microcontroller and the RF device) to be configured with compatible settings, including baud rate, parity, start bits, stop bits, and data bits. The UART baud rate and parity settings on the XBee module can be configured with the BD and NB commands, respectively. For more information, see AT commands.
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Operation
Serial communications
Transparent operating mode
Devices operate in this mode by default. The device acts as a serial line
replacement when it is in Transparent operating mode. The device queues all
UART data it receives through the DIN pin for RF transmission. When a device
receives RF data, it sends the data out through the DOUT pin. You can set the
configuration parameters using Command mode.
Serial-to-RF packetization
The device buffers data in the serial receive buffer until one of the
following causes the data to be packetized and transmitted:
n The device receives no serial characters for the amount of time determined
by the RO (Packetization Timeout) parameter. If RO = 0, packetization begins
when a character is received.
n The device receives the Command Mode Sequence (GT + CC + GT). Any character
buffered in the serial receive buffer before the sequence is transmitted.
n The device receives the maximum number of characters that fits in an RF
packet (100 bytes).
If the device cannot immediately transmit (for example, if it is already
receiving RF data), it stores the serial data in the DI buffer. The device
packetizes the data and sends the data at any RO timeout or when it receives
the maximum packet size (100 bytes). If the DI buffer becomes full, hardware
or software flow control must be implemented in order to prevent overflow
(that is, loss of data between the host and module).
API operating mode
API (Application Programming Interface) operating mode is an alternative to
the default Transparent operating mode. The frame-based API extends the level
to which a host application can interact with the networking capabilities of
the module. When in API mode, all data entering and leaving the device is
contained in frames that define operations or events within the module.
Transmit data frames (received through the DI pin (pin 3)) include:
n RF Transmit data frame n Command frame (equivalent to AT commands)
Receive Data frames (sent out the DO pin (pin 2)) include:
n RF-received data frame n Command response n Event notifications such as
reset, associate, disassociate, and so on
The API provides alternative means of configuring modules and routing data at
the host application layer. A host application sends data frames to the device
that contains address and payload information instead of using command mode to
modify addresses. The device sends data frames to the application containing
status packets, as well as source, RSSI, and payload information from received
data packets. The API operation option facilitates many operations such as the
following examples:
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Operation
Serial communications
n Transmitting data to multiple destinations without entering Command Mode n
Receiving success/failure status of each transmitted RF packet n Identifying
the source address of each received packet To implement API operation, see API
operation.
Flow control
The XBee/XBee-PRO S1 802.15.4 (Legacy) maintains buffers to collect serial and
RF data that it receives. The serial receive buffer collects incoming serial
characters and holds them until the device can process them. The serial
transmit buffer collects the data it receives via the RF link until it
transmits that data out the serial port. The following figure shows the
process of device buffers collecting received serial data.
DI (Data in) buffer
When serial data enters the RF module through the DI pin (pin 3), the device
stores data in the DI buffer until it can be processed.
Hardware Flow Control (CTS) If you enable CTS flow control (by setting D7 to
1), when the DI buffer is 17 bytes away from being full, the device de-asserts
CTS (sets it high) to signal to the host device to stop sending serial data.
The device reasserts CTS after the serial receive buffer has 34 bytes of
space. To eliminate the need for flow control:
1. Send messages that are smaller than the DI buffer size (202 bytes). 2.
Interface at a lower baud rate [BD (Interface Data Rate) parameter] than the
throughput data
rate.
Example where the DI buffer may become full and possibly overflow: If the
device is receiving a continuous stream of RF data, it places any serial data
that arrives on the DI pin in the DI buffer. The device transmits data in the
DI buffer over-the-air when it is no longer receiving RF data in the network.
For more information, see the following command descriptions:
n RO (Packetization Timeout) n BD (Interface Data Rate) n D7 (DIO7
Configuration)
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Operation
ADC and Digital I/O line support
DO (Data out) buffer
When RF data is received, the data enters the DO buffer and is sent out the
serial port to a host device. Once the DO Buffer reaches capacity, any
additional incoming RF data is lost.
Hardware Flow Control (RTS) If you enable RTS flow control (D6 (DIO6
Configuration) Parameter = 1), the device does not send data out the DO buffer
as long as RTS (pin 16) is de-asserted. Examples where the DO buffer may
become full, resulting in dropped RF packets:
1. If the RF data rate is set higher than the interface data rate of the
device, the device may receive data faster than it can send the data to the
host. Even occasional transmissions from a large number of devices can quickly
accumulate and overflow the transmit buffer.
2. If the host does not allow the device to transmit data out from the serial
transmit buffer due to being held off by hardware flow control.
See the D6 (DIO6 Configuration) command description for more information.
ADC and Digital I/O line support
The XBee/XBee-PRO RF Modules support ADC (analog-to-digital conversion) and
digital I/O line passing. The following pins support multiple functions:
n Pin functions and their associated pin numbers and commands n AD = Analog-
to-Digital Converter, DIO = Digital Input/Output
Note Pin functions in parentheses are not applicable to this section.
Pin function AD0/DIO0 AD1/DIO1 AD2/DIO2 AD3/DIO3 / (COORD_SEL) AD4/DIO4 AD5/DIO5 / (ASSOCIATE) DIO6/(RTS) DIO7/(CTS) DI8/(DTR) / (Sleep_RQ)
Pin# 20 19 18 1 11 15 16 12 9
Use the following setting to enable ADC and DIO pin functions:
Support type ADC support
AT Command D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8
Setting ATDn = 2
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Operation
ADC and Digital I/O line support
Support type Digital input support Digital output low support Digital output high support
Setting ATDn = 3 ATDn = 4 ATDn = 5
I/O data format
I/O data begins with a header. The first byte of the header defines the number
of samples forthcoming. The last two bytes of the header (Channel Indicator)
define which inputs are active. Each bit represents either a DIO line or ADC
channel. The following figure illustrates the bits in the header.
Sample data follows the header and the channel indicator frame determines how to read the sample data. If any of the DIO lines are enabled, the first two bytes are the DIO sample. The ADC data follows. ADC channel data is represented as an unsigned 10-bit value right-justified on a 16- bit boundary. The following figure illustrates the sample data bits.
API support
I/O data is sent out the UART using an API frame. All other data can be sent
and received using Transparent Operation or API frames if API mode is enabled
(AP > 0). API Operations support two RX (Receive) frame identifiers for I/O
data (set 16-bit address to 0xFFFE and the device does 64-bit addressing):
n 0x82 for RX Packet: 64-bit Address I/O n 0x83 for RX Packet: 16-bit Address
I/O
The API command header is the same as shown in 64-bit Receive Packet – 0x80
and 16-bit I/O Sample Indicator – 0x83. RX data follows the format described
in I/O data format.
Sleep support
Set SO (Sleep Options) bit 1 to suppress automatic wake-up sampling.
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Operation
ADC and Digital I/O line support
When a device wakes, it always performs a sample based on any active ADC or
DIO lines. This allows sampling based on the sleep cycle whether it be Cyclic
Sleep (SM = 4 or 5) or Pin Sleep (SM = 1). Set the IR (Sample Rate) parameter
to gather more samples when awake. For Cyclic Sleep modes: If the IR parameter
is set, the device stays awake until the IT (Samples before TX) parameter is
met. The device stays awake for ST (Time before Sleep).
DIO pin change detect
When you use the IC (DIO Change Detect) command to enable DIO Change Detect,
DIO lines 0 – 7 are monitored. When a change is detected on a DIO line, the
following occurs:
1. An RF packet is sent with the updated DIO pin levels. This packet does not
contain any ADC samples.
2. Any queued samples are transmitted before the change detect data. This may
result in receiving a packet with less than IT (Samples before TX) samples.
Note Change detect does not affect Pin Sleep wake-up. The D8 pin
(DTR/Sleep_RQ/DI8) is the only line that wakes a device from Pin Sleep. If not
all samples are collected, the device still enters Sleep Mode after a change
detect packet is sent. Change detect is only supported when the Dx (DIOx
Configuration) parameter equals 3, 4 or 5.
Applicable Commands: IC (DIO Change Detect), IT (Samples before TX)
Note Change detect is only supported when the Dx (DIOx Configuration)
parameter equals 3, 4 or 5.
Sample rate (interval)
The Sample Rate (Interval) feature allows enabled ADC and DIO pins to be read
periodically on devices that are not configured to operate in Sleep Mode. When
one of the Sleep Modes is enabled and the IR (Sample Rate) parameter is set,
the device stays awake until IT (Samples before TX) samples have been
collected. Once a particular pin is enabled, the appropriate sample rate must
be chosen. The maximum sample rate that can be achieved while using one A/D
line is 1 sample/ms or 1 kHz. The device cannot keep up with transmission when
IR and IT are equal to 1 and we do not recommend configuring the device to
sample at rates greater than once every 20 ms.
I/O line passing
You can set up virtual wires between XBee/XBee-PRO Modules. When a device
receives an RF data packet that contains I/O data, it can be setup to update
any enabled outputs (PWM and DIO) based on the data it receives. I/O lines are
mapped in pairs. For example, AD0 can only update PWM0 and DI5 can only update
DO5. The default setup is for outputs not to be updated, which results in the
I/O data being sent out the UART (See the IU (I/O Output Enable) command). To
enable the outputs for updating, set the IA (I/O Input Address) parameter with
the address of the device that has the appropriate inputs enabled. This binds
the outputs to a particular device’s input. This does not affect the ability
of the device to receive I/O line data from other modules; if affects only its
ability to update enabled outputs. The IA parameter can also be set up to
accept I/O data for output changes from any module by setting the IA parameter
to 0xFFFF. When outputs are changed from their non-active state, the device
can be setup to return the output level to its non-active state. Set the
timers using the Tn (Dn Output Timer) and PT (PWM Output
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Operation
ADC and Digital I/O line support
Timeout) commands. The timers are reset every time the device receives a valid
I/O sample packet with a matching IA address. You can adjust the IC (Change
Detect) and IR (Sample Rate) parameters to keep the outputs set to their
active output if the system needs more time than the timers can handle.
Note DI8 cannot be used for I/O line passing.
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Operation
Applicable commands:
n IA (I/O Input Address) n TN (Dn Output Timeout) n P0 (PWM0 Configuration) n
P1 (PWM1 Configuration) n M0 (PWM0 Output Level) n M1 (PWM1 Output Level) n PT
(PWM Output Timeout) n RP (RSSSI PWM Timer)
Networks
Configuration example
The following table provides an example of a pair of RF devices for a simple
A/D link:
Remote Configuration DL = 0x1234 MY = 0x5678 D0 = 2 D1 = 2 IR = 0x14 IT = 5
Base Configuration DL = 0x5678 MY = 0x1234 P0 = 2 P1 = 2 IU = 1 IA = 0x5678 (or 0xFFFF)
These settings configure the remote device to sample AD0 and AD1 once each every 20 ms. It then buffers 5 samples each before sending them back to the base device. The base then receives a 32byte transmission (20 bytes data and 12 bytes framing) every 100 ms.
Networks
The following table describes some common terms we use when discussing
networks.
Term
Definition
Association Establishing membership between end devices and a coordinator.
Coordinator A full-function device (FFD) that provides network synchronization by polling nodes.
End device When in the same network as a coordinator. Devices that rely on a coordinator for synchronization and can be put into states of sleep for low- power applications.
PAN
Personal Area Network. A data communication network that includes one or more
end devices and optionally a coordinator.
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Operation
Peer-to-peer networks
Networks
By default, XBee/XBee-PRO S1 802.15.4 (Legacy) modules are configured to
operate within a peer-topeer network topology and therefore are not dependent
upon master/slave relationships. This means that devices remain synchronized
without the use of master/server configurations and each device in the network
shares both roles of master and slave. Our peer-to-peer architecture features
fast synchronization times and fast cold start times. This default
configuration accommodates a wide range of RF data applications. You can
establish a peer-to-peer network by configuring each module to operate as an
End Device (CE = 0), disabling End Device Association on all modules (A1 = 0)
and setting ID and CH parameters to be identical across the network.
NonBeacon (with coordinator)
You can configure a device as a Coordinator by setting the CE (Coordinator
Enable) parameter to 1. Use the A2 (Coordinator Association) parameter to
power up the Coordinator . In a Coordinator system, you configure the
Coordinator to use direct or indirect transmissions. If the SP (Cyclic Sleep
Period) parameter is set to 0, the Coordinator sends data immediately.
Otherwise, the SP parameter determines the length of time the Coordinator
retains the data before discarding it. In general, SP (Cyclic Sleep Period)
and ST (Time before Sleep) parameters should be set to match the SP and ST
settings of the End Devices.
Association
Association is the establishment of membership between End Devices and a
Coordinator. Establishing membership is useful in scenarios that require a
central unit (Coordinator) to relay messages to or gather data from several
remote units (End Devices), assign channels, or assign PAN IDs. An RF data
network that consists of one Coordinator and one or more End Devices forms a
PAN (Personal Area Network). Each device in a PAN has a PAN Identifier (ID
(PAN ID) parameter), which must be unique to prevent miscommunication between
PANs. Set the Coordinator PAN ID using the ID (PAN ID) and A2 (Coordinator
Association) commands. An End Device can associate to a Coordinator without
knowing the address, PAN ID, or channel of the Coordinator. The A1 (End Device
Association) parameter bit fields determine the flexibility of an End Device
during association. Use the A1 parameter for an End Device to dynamically set
its destination address, PAN ID, and/or channel. For example, if the PAN ID of
a Coordinator is known, but the operating channel is not, set the A1 command
on the End Device to enable the Auto_Associate’ andReassign_Channel’ bits.
Additionally, set the ID parameter to match the PAN ID of the associated
Coordinator.
Coordinator / End Device setup and operation
To configure a module to operate as a Coordinator, set the CE (Coordinator
Enable) parameter to 1′. Set the CE parameter of End Devices to0′
(default). Coordinator and End Devices should contain matching firmware
versions.
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Operation
Networks
NonBeacon (with Coordinator) systems You can configure the Coordinator to use
direct or indirect transmissions. If the SP (Cyclic Sleep Period) parameter is
set to `0′, the Coordinator sends data immediately. Otherwise, the SP
parameter determines the length of time the Coordinator retains the data
before discarding it. In general, SP (Cyclic Sleep Period) and ST (Time before
Sleep) parameters should be set to match the SP and ST settings of the End
Devices.
Coordinator start-up
The A2 (Coordinator Association) command governs coordinator power-up. On
power-up, the Coordinator undergoes the following sequence of events:
1. Check A2 parameter- Reassign_PANID flag
Set (bit 0 = 1) The Coordinator issues an Active Scan. The Active Scan selects
one channel and transmits a request to the broadcast address (0xFFFF) and
broadcast PAN ID (0xFFFF). The Coordinator then listens on that channel for
beacons from any Coordinator operating on that channel. The SD (Scan Duration)
parameter value determines the listen time on each channel. Once the time
expires on that channel, the Active Scan selects another channel and again
transmits the BeaconRequest as before. This process continues until all
channels have been scanned, or until 5 PANs have been discovered. When the
Active Scan is complete, the results include a list of PAN IDs and Channels
being used by other PANs. This list is used to assign an unique PAN ID to the
new Coordinator. The ID parameter will be retained if it is not found in the
Active Scan results. Otherwise, the ID (PAN ID) parameter setting will be
updated to a PAN ID that was not detected.
Not set (bit 0 = 0) The Coordinator retains its ID setting. No Active Scan is
performed.
2. Check A2 parameter – Reassign_Channel flag (bit 1)
Set (bit 1 = 1) The Coordinator issues an Energy Scan. The Energy Scan selects
one channel and scans for energy on that channel. The SD (Scan Duration)
parameter specifies the duration of the scan. Once the scan is completed on a
channel, the Energy Scan selects the next channel and begins a new scan on
that channel. This process continues until all channels have been scanned.
When the Energy Scan is complete, the results include the maximal energy
values detected on each channel. This list is used to determine a channel
where the least energy was detected. If an Active Scan was performed
(Reassign_PANID Flag set), the channels used by the detected PANs are
eliminated as possible channels. The device uses the results of the Energy
Scan and the Active Scan (if performed) to find the best channel (that is, the
channel with the least energy that is not used by any detected PAN). Once the
device selects the best channel, the CH (Channel) parameter value is updated
to that channel.
Not set (bit 1 = 0) The Coordinator retains its CH setting, and an Energy Scan
is not performed.
3. Start Coordinator The Coordinator starts on the specified channel (CH
parameter) and PAN ID (ID parameter).
Note These may be selected in steps 1 or 2.
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Operation
Networks
The Coordinator only allows End Devices to associate to it if the A2 parameter
“AllowAssociation” flag is set. Once the Coordinator has successfully started,
the Associate LED blinks 1 time per second. If the Coordinator has not
started, the LED is solid.
4. Modify coordinator Once a Coordinator has started, modifying the A2
(Reassign_Channel or Reassign_PANID bits), ID, CH or MY parameters causes the
Coordinator’s MAC to reset. The Coordinator RF module (including volatile RAM)
is not reset. Changing the A2 AllowAssociation bit does not reset the
Coordinator’s MAC. In a non-beaconing system, End Devices that associated to
the Coordinator prior to a MAC reset have knowledge of the new settings on the
Coordinator. If the Coordinator were to change its ID, CH or MY settings, the
End Devices would no longer be able to communicate with the non-beacon
Coordinator. Do not change the ID, CH, MY, or A2 (Reassign_Channel or
ReassignPANID bits) once a Coordinator has started.
End device start-up
The A1 (End Device Association) command governs End Device power-up. On power-
up, the End Device undergoes the following sequence of events:
1. Check A1 parameter – AutoAssociate Bit
Set (bit 2 = 1) The End Device attempts to associate to a Coordinator. See 2.
Discover Coordinator (if Auto-Associate Bit Set) and 3. Associate to a valid
coordinator.
Not set (bit 2 = 0) The End Device does not attempt to associate to a
Coordinator. The End Device operates as specified by its ID, CH and MY
parameters. Association is considered complete and the Associate LED blinks
quickly (5 times per second).
2. Discover Coordinator (if Auto-Associate Bit Set) The end device issues an
Active Scan. The Active Scan selects one channel and transmits a BeaconRequest
command to the broadcast address (0xFFFF) and broadcast PAN ID (0xFFFF). The
Active Scan then listens on that channel for beacons from any Coordinator
operating on that channel. The SD parameter determines the listen time on each
channel. Once the time expires on that channel, the Active Scan selects
another channel and again transmits the BeaconRequest command as before. This
process continues until all channels have been scanned, or until 5 PANs have
been discovered. When the Active Scan is complete, the results include a list
of PAN IDs and Channels that are being used by detected PANs. The end device
selects a coordinator to associate with according to the A1 parameter
“Reassign PANID” and “Reassign_Channel” flags:
n Reassign_PANID bit set (bit 0 = 1) – End device can associate with a PAN
with any ID value. n Reassign_PANID bit not set (bit 0 = 0) – End device only
associates with a PAN whose ID
setting matches the ID setting of the End Device. n Reassign_Channel bit set
(bit 1 = 1) – End device can associate with a PAN with any CH
value. n Reassign_Channel bit not set (bit 1 = 0) – End device will only
associate with a PAN whose
CH setting matches the CH setting of the end device. After applying these
filters to the discovered coordinators, if multiple candidate PANs exist, the
end device selects the PAN whose transmission link quality is the strongest.
If no valid coordinator is
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Operation
Addressing
found, the end device either goes to sleep (as dictated by its SM (Sleep Mode)
parameter) or retry Association.
Note An end device also disqualifies coordinators if they are not allowing
association (A2 AllowAssociation bit), or, if the coordinator is not using the
same NonBeacon scheme as the end device. They must both be programmed with
NonBeacon code.
3. Associate to a valid coordinator Once the device finds a valid coordinator
(2. Discover Coordinator (if Auto-Associate Bit Set)), the end device sends an
AssociationRequest message to the coordinator. The end device then waits for
an AssociationConfirmation from the coordinator. Once it receives the
Confirmation, the end device is Associated and the Associate LED blinks
rapidly (two times per second). If the end device has not associated, the LED
is solid.
4. End Device changes once an End Device has associated Changing A1, ID or CH
parameters causes the End Device to disassociate and restart the Association
procedure. If the End Device fails to associate, the AI command indicates the
failure.
Addressing
Every RF data packet sent over-the-air contains a Source Address and
Destination Address field in its header. The XBee/XBee-PRO S1 802.15.4
(Legacy) conforms to the 802.15.4 specification and supports both short 16-bit
addresses and long 64-bit addresses. A unique 64-bit IEEE source address is
assigned at the factory and can be read with the SL (Serial Number Low) and SH
(Serial Number High) commands. You must manually configure short addressing. A
device uses its unique 64-bit address as its Source Address if its MY (16-bit
Source Address) value is 0xFFFF or 0xFFFE.
n To send a packet to a specific device using 64-bit addressing, set the
Destination Address (DL + DH) of the sender to match the Source Address (SL +
SH) of the intended destination device.
n To send a packet to a specific module using 16-bit addressing, set DL
(Destination Address Low) parameter to equal the MY parameter of the intended
destination module and set the DH (Destination Address High) parameter to ‘0.’
Unicast mode
By default, the XBee/XBee-PRO S1 802.15.4 (Legacy) operates in Unicast mode.
Unicast Mode is the only mode that supports retries. While in this mode,
receiving devices send an ACK (acknowledgment) of RF packet reception to the
transmitter. If the transmitting device does not receive the ACK, it resends
the packet up to three times or until it receives the ACK.
Short 16-bit addresses
You can configure the device to use short 16-bit addresses as the Source
Address by setting (MY < 0xFFFE). Setting the DH parameter (DH = 0) configures
the Destination Address to be a short 16-bit address (if DL < 0xFFFE). For two
devices to communicate using short addressing, the Destination Address of the
transmitter device must match the MY parameter of the receiver. The following
table shows a sample network configuration that enables Unicast mode
communications using short 16-bit addresses.
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Operation
Modes of operation
Parameter MY (Source Address) DH (Destination Address High) DL (Destination Address Low)
RF device 1 0x01 0 0x02
RF device 2 0x02 0 0x01
Long 64-bit addresses
You can use The RF device’s serial number (SL parameter concatenated to the SH
parameter) as a 64bit source address when the MY (16-bit Source Address)
parameter is disabled. When you disable the MY parameter (MY = 0xFFFF or
0xFFFE), the device’s source address is set to the 64-bit IEEE address stored
in the SH and SL parameters. When an End Device associates to a Coordinator,
its MY parameter is set to 0xFFFE to enable 64-bit addressing. The 64-bit
address of the device is stored as SH and SL parameters. To send a packet to a
specific device, the Destination Address (DL + DH) on the sender must match
the Source Address (SL + SH) of the receiver.
Broadcast mode
Any RF device within range accepts a packet that contains a broadcast address.
When configured to operate in Broadcast Mode, receiving devices do not send
ACKs (acknowledgments) and transmitting devices do not automatically re-send
packets as is the case in Unicast Mode. To send a broadcast packet to all
devices regardless of 16-bit or 64-bit addressing, set the destination
addresses of all the devices as shown below. Sample Network Configuration (All
modules in the network):
n DL (Destination Low Address) = 0x0000FFFF If RR is set to 0, only one packet
is broadcast. If RR > 0, (RR + 2) packets are sent in each broadcast. No
acknowledgments are returned. For more information, see RR (XBee Retries).
n DH (Destination High Address) = 0x00000000 (default value) When you are
programming the device, enter the parameters in hexadecimal notation (without
the “0x” prefix). Leading zeros may be omitted.
Modes of operation
This section describes the different operating modes for the device.
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Operation
Modes of operation
Idle mode
When not receiving or transmitting data, the device is in Idle mode. The
device shifts into the other modes of operation under the following
conditions:
n Transmit mode (serial data is received in the DI buffer). n Receive mode
(valid RF data received through the antenna). n Sleep mode (Sleep mode
condition is met). n Command mode (Command mode sequence issued).
Transmit/Receive modes
This section provides information about the different types of transmit and
receive modes.
RF data packets
Each transmitted data packet contains a Source Address and Destination Address
field. The Source Address matches the address of the transmitting device as
specified by the MY (Source Address) parameter (if MY 0xFFFE), the SH (Serial
Number High) parameter or the SL (Serial Number Low) parameter. The
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Operation
Modes of operation
Indirect transmissions can only occur on a Coordinator. Thus, if all nodes in
a network are End Devices, only direct transmissions occurs. Indirect
transmissions are useful to ensure packet delivery to a sleeping node. The
Coordinator currently is able to retain up to two indirect messages.
Direct transmission
A Coordinator can be configured to use only direct transmission by setting the
SP (Cyclic Sleep Period) parameter to 0. Also, a Coordinator using indirect
transmissions reverts to direct transmission if it knows the destination
device is awake. To enable this behavior, the ST (Time before Sleep) value of
the Coordinator must be set to match the ST value of the End Device. Once the
End Device either transmits data to the Coordinator or polls the Coordinator
for data, the Coordinator uses direct transmission for all subsequent data
transmissions to that device address until ST time occurs with no activity (at
which point it reverts to using indirect transmissions for that device
address). “No activity” means no transmission or reception of messages with a
specific address. Broadcast messages do not reset the ST timer.
Indirect transmission
To configure Indirect Transmissions in a Personal Area Network (PAN), the SP
(Cyclic Sleep Period) parameter value on the Coordinator must be set to match
the longest sleep value of any End Device. The sleep period value on the
Coordinator determines how long (time or number of beacons) the Coordinator
retains an indirect message before discarding it. An End Device must poll the
Coordinator once it wakes from Sleep to determine if the Coordinator has an
indirect message for it. For Cyclic Sleep Modes, this is done automatically
every time the device wakes (after SP time). For Pin Sleep Modes, the A1 (End
Device Association) parameter value must be set to enable Coordinator polling
on pin wake-up . Alternatively, an End Device can use the FP (Force Poll)
command to poll the Coordinator as needed.
Clear Channel Assessment (CCA)
Prior to transmitting a packet, the device performs a CCA (Clear Channel
Assessment) on the channel to determine if the channel is available for
transmission. The detected energy on the channel is compared with the CA
(Clear Channel Assessment) parameter value. If the detected energy exceeds the
CA parameter value, the device does not transmit the packet. Also, the device
inserts a delay before a transmission takes place. You can set this delay
using the RN (Backoff Exponent) parameter. If you set RN to 0, then there is
no delay before the first CCA is performed. The RN parameter value is the
equivalent of the “minBE” parameter in the 802.15.4 specification. The
transmit sequence follows the 802.15.4 specification. By default, the MM (MAC
Mode) parameter = 0. On a CCA failure, the device attempts to re-send the
packet up to two additional times. When in Unicast packets with RR (Retries) =
0, the device executes two CCA retries. Broadcast packets always get two CCA
retries.
Note Customers in Europe who have the XBee 802.15.4 module must manage their
CCA settings. See CA (CCA Threshold) for CA values.
Acknowledgment
If the transmission is not a broadcast message, the device expects to receive
an acknowledgment from the destination node. If an acknowledgment is not
received, the packet is resent up to three more times. If the acknowledgment
is not received after all transmissions, an ACK failure is recorded.
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Operation
Modes of operation
Sleep modes
Sleep modes enable the device to enter states of low-power consumption when
not in use. In order to enter Sleep mode, one of the following conditions must
be met (in addition to the device having a nonzero SM parameter value):
n SLEEP_RQ is asserted and the device is in a pin sleep mode (SM = 1, 2, or 5)
n The device is idle (no data transmission or reception) for the amount of
time defined by the ST
(Time before Sleep) parameter.
Note ST is only active when SM = 4 or 5.
The following table shows the sleep mode configurations.
Sleep mode setting Pin hibernate SM 1 Pin doze SM 2
Cyclic Sleep SM 4
Transition into sleep mode Assert (high) Sleep_RQ (pin 9)
Assert (high) Sleep_RQ (pin 9)
Automatic transition to Sleep Mode as defined by the SM (Sleep Mode) and ST
(Time before Sleep) parameters
Transition out of sleep mode (wake)
Characteristics
Related Power commands consumption
De-assert (low) Sleep_ RQ
Pin/Host-
(SM)
controlled/NonBeacon
systems only/Lowest
Power
< 10 µA (@3.0 VCC)
De-assert (low) Sleep_ RQ
Pin/Host-
(SM)
controlled/NonBeacon
systems only/Fastest
wake-up
< 50 µA
Transition occurs after the cyclic sleep time interval elapses. The time interval is defined by the SP (Cyclic Sleep Period) parameter.
RF module wakes in pre-determined time intervals to detect if RF data is present/When SM = 5
(SM), SP, ST
< 50 µA when sleeping
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Operation
Modes of operation
Sleep mode setting Cyclic Sleep SM 5
Transition into sleep mode Automatic transition to Sleep Mode as defined by the SM (Sleep Mode) and ST (Time before Sleep) parameters or on a falling edge transition of the SLEEP_RQ pin
Transition out of sleep mode (wake) Transition occurs after the cyclic sleep time interval elapses. The time interval is defined by the SP (Cyclic Sleep Period) parameter.
Characteristics RF module wakes in pre-determined time intervals to detect if RF data is present. Module also wakes on a falling edge of SLEEP_RQ.
Related commands (SM), SP, ST
Power consumption < 50 µA when sleeping
The SM command is central to setting Sleep mode configurations. By default,
Sleep modes are disabled (SM = 0) and the device remains in Idle/Receive Mode.
When in this state, the device is constantly ready to respond to serial or RF
activity.
Pin/Host-controlled sleep modes
The transient current when waking from pin sleep (SM = 1 or 2) does not exceed
the idle current of the module. The current ramps up exponentially to its idle
current.
Pin hibernate (SM=1) n Pin/Host-controlled n Typical power-down current: < 10
µA (@3.0 VCC) n Typical wake-up time: 10.2 ms
Pin Hibernate Mode minimizes quiescent power (power consumed when in a state
of rest or inactivity). This mode is voltage level-activated. When the device
assterts Sleep_RQ (pin 9), it finishes any transmit, receive or association
activities, enters Idle Mode, and then enters a state of sleep. The device
does not respond to either serial or RF activity while in pin sleep. To wake a
sleeping device operating in Pin Hibernate Mode, de-assert Sleep_RQ (pin 9).
The device wakes when Sleep_RQ is de-asserted and is ready to transmit or
receive when the CTS line is low. When waking the device, the pin must be de-
asserted at least two ‘byte times’ after CTS goes low. This assures that there
is time for the data to enter the DI buffer.
Pin doze (SM = 2) n Pin/Host-controlled n Typical power-down current: < 50 µA
n Typical wake-up time: 2.6 ms
Pin doze mode functions the same as Pin hibernate mode. However, Pin doze
features faster wake-up time and higher power consumption.
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Operation
Modes of operation
To wake a sleeping device operating in Pin Doze Mode, de-assert Sleep_RQ (pin
9). The device wakes when Sleep_RQ is de-asserted and is ready to transmit or
receive when the CTS line is low. When waking the device, the pin must be de-
asserted at least two ‘byte times’ after CTS goes low. This assures that there
is time for the data to enter the DI buffer.
Cyclic sleep modes
This section provides information on the different types of cyclic sleep
modes.
Cyclic Sleep Remote (SM = 4) n Typical Power-down Current: < 50 µA (when
asleep) n Typical wake-up time: 2.6 ms
The Cyclic Sleep modes allow devices to periodically check for RF data. When
the SM parameter is set to 4, the XBee/XBee-PRO S1 802.15.4 (Legacy) is
configured to sleep, then wakes once per cycle to check for data from a from a
device configured as a Cyclic Sleep Coordinator (SM = 0, CE = 1). The Cyclic
Sleep Remote sends a poll request to the coordinator at a specific interval
set by the SP (Cyclic Sleep Period) parameter. The coordinator transmits any
queued data addressed to that specific remote upon receiving the poll request.
If no data is queued for the remote, the coordinator does not transmit and the
remote returns to sleep for another cycle. If the device transmits queued data
back to the remote, it stays awake to allow for back and forth communication
until the ST (Time before Sleep) timer expires. If configured, CTS goes low
each time the remote wakes, allowing for communication initiated by the remote
host if desired.
Cyclic Sleep Remote with Pin Wake-up (SM = 5) Use this mode to wake a sleeping
remote device through either the RF interface or by de-asserting SLEEP_RQ for
event-driven communications. The cyclic sleep mode works as described
previously with the addition of a pin-controlled wake-up at the remote device.
The Sleep_RQ pin is edge-triggered, not level-triggered. The device wakes when
a low is detected then set CTS low as soon as it is ready to transmit or
receive. Any activity resets the ST (Time before Sleep) timer, so the device
goes back to sleep only after there is no activity for the duration of the
timer. Once the device wakes (pin-controlled), it ignores further pin
activity. The device transitions back into sleep according to the ST time
regardless of the state of the pin.
Cyclic Sleep Coordinator (SM = 6) n Typical current = Receive current n Always
awake
Note The SM=6 parameter value exists solely for backwards compatibility with
firmware version 1.×60. If backwards compatibility with the older firmware
version is not required, always use the CE (Coordinator Enable) command to
configure a device as a Coordinator.
This mode configures a device to wake cyclic sleeping remotes through RF
interfacing. The Coordinator accepts a message addressed to a specific remote
16 or 64-bit address and holds it in a buffer until the remote wakes and sends
a poll request. Messages not sent directly (buffered and requested) are called
“Indirect messages”. The Coordinator only queues one indirect message at a
time. The Coordinator holds the indirect message for a period 2.5 times the
sleeping period indicated by the SP (Cyclic Sleep Period) parameter. Set the
Coordinator’s SP parameter to match the value used by the remotes.
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Operation
Multiple AT commands
Command mode
Command mode is a state in which the firmware interprets incoming characters
as commands. The XBee/XBee-PRO S1 802.15.4 (Legacy) supports two Command mode
options: AT commands and API operation.
AT Command Mode This section provides information about entering, sending, and
exiting Command Mode.
Enter Command mode Send the three-character command sequence +++ and observe
guard times before and after the command characters. Default AT Command Mode
Sequence (for transition to Command mode):
n No characters sent for one second [GT (Guard Times) parameter = 0x3E8] n
Input three plus characters (“+++”) within one second [CC (Command Sequence
Character)
parameter = 0x2B] n No characters sent for one second [GT (Guard Times)
parameter = 0x3E8] You can modify all parameter values in the sequence to
reflect user preferences. Failure to enter AT Command Mode is most commonly
due to a baud rate mismatch. Ensure the Baud setting on the PC Settings tab
matches the interface data rate of the RF module. By default, the BD (Baud
Rate) parameter = 3 (9600 b/s).
Send AT commands Once the device enters Command mode, use the syntax in the
following figure to send AT commands. Every AT command starts with the letters
AT, which stands for “attention.” The AT is followed by two characters that
indicate which command is being issued, then by some optional configuration
values. To read a parameter value stored in the device’s register, omit the
parameter field.
The preceding example changes NI (Node Identifier) to My XBee.
Multiple AT commands
You can send multiple AT commands at a time when they are separated by a comma
in Command mode; for example, ATNIMy XBee,AC
Parameter format
Refer to the list of AT commands for the format of individual AT command
parameters. Valid formats for hexidecimal values include with or without a
leading 0x for example FFFF or 0xFFFF.
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Operation
Parameter format
Exit Command mode
1. Send CN (Exit Command mode) followed by a carriage return. or:
2. If the device does not receive any valid AT commands within the time
specified by CT (Command Mode Timeout), it returns to Transparent or API mode.
The default Command mode timeout is 10 seconds.
For an example of programming the device using AT Commands and descriptions of
each configurable parameter, see AT commands.
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Configuration
Configure the device using XCTU
44
Programming the RF module
44
Remote configuration commands
45
Software libraries
46
XBee Network Assistant
46
XBee/XBee-PRO S1 802.15.4 (Legacy) User Guide
43
Configuration
Configure the device using XCTU
Configure the device using XCTU
XBee Configuration and Test Utility (XCTU) is a multi-platform program that
enables users to interact with Digi radio frequency (RF) devices through a
graphical interface. The application includes built-in tools that make it easy
to set up, configure, and test Digi RF devices. For instructions on
downloading and using XCTU, see the XCTU User Guide. Click Discover devices
and follow the instructions. XCTU should discover the connected XBee/XBeePRO
S1 802.15.4 (Legacy)s using the provided settings. Click Add selected
devices.The devices appear in the Radio Modules list. You can click a module
to view and configure its individual settings. For more information on these
items, see AT commands.
Programming the RF module
This section provides examples on how to program an RF module using AT Command
Mode. For more information about using AT Command Mode, see AT commands. For
information regarding module programming using API Mode, see API operation.
Setup
The programming examples in this section require the installation of XCTU and
a serial connection to a PC. We stock RS-232 and USB boards to facilitate
interfacing with a PC. For more information about XCTU installation and setup,
see the XCTU User Guide.
1. Download XCTU from the Digi website. 2. After you have downloaded the .exe
file to your PC, double-click the file to launch the XCTU
Setup Wizard. Follow the steps in the wizard to completely install XCTU. 3.
Mount the RF module to an interface board, and then connect the module
assembly to a PC. 4. Launch XCTU and click the Add devices tab in the upper
left corner of the screen. 5. Verify that the baud and parity settings of the
Com Port match those of the RF module.
Note Failure to enter AT Command Mode is typically due to baud rate mismatch. Ensure that the Baud setting on the Add radio device window matches the interface data rate of the RF module. By default, the BD parameter = 9600 b/s.
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Configuration
Remote configuration commands
Sample configuration: modify RF Module destination address
Using the Interface Example: Once you have added the module to XCTU, complete
the following steps:
1. Click on the module in the Radio Modules area to display the Configuration
working mode. This mode shows most of the module’s parameters that you can
edit.
2. Scroll down on the right panel until you find the parameter you want to
edit, in this case the DL (Destination Address Low) parameter, or use the
search box and type “DL”. XCTU automatically scrolls to the selected
parameter.
3. Change the value of the parameter to, for example, 1A0D. If you have not
saved the parameter, a green triangle appears in the lower right corner of the
parameter.
4. Click the write button to save the value to non-volatile memory. If you
change other parameters but have not saved them, you can use the Write radio
settings button to save the change.
Sample configuration: restore RF Module defaults
Example: Use the Configuration working mode tab in XCTU to restore the default
parameter values.
1. After establishing a connection between the module and a PC, click the
Configuration working mode button.
2. Click the Load default firmware settings button and agree to restore the
default values. The restored parameters appear with a a green triangle appears
in the lower right corner of the parameter, meaning they have been changed but
not saved. If you have not saved the parameter, a green triangle appears in
the lower right corner of the parameter. All the parameters surrounding box
must change to grey color indicating that their values are now saved in the
non-volatile memory of the module.
3. Click the Write module settings button to save all of the parameters. All
the parameters must change to grey indicating that their values are now saved
in the nonvolatile memory of the module.
Remote configuration commands
The API firmware has provisions to send configuration commands to remote
devices using the Remote Command Request API frame (see API operation). Use
the API frame to send commands to a remote device to read or set command
parameters.
Send a remote command
To send a remote command populate the Remote AT Command Request frame (0x17)
with Values for the 64 bit and 16 bit addresses. If you want to set up 64-bit
addressing, populate the 16-bit address field with 0xFFFE. If you use any
other value in the 16-bit address field, the device uses the 16-bit address
and ignores the 64-bit address.
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Configuration
Software libraries
If you want to receive a command response, set the Frame ID to a non-zero
value. Only unicasts of remote commands are supported.
Apply changes on remote devices
When you use remote commands to change command parameter settings on a remote
device, parameter changes do not take effect until you apply the changes. For
example, changing the BD parameter does not change the serial interface on the
remote until the changes are applied. To apply changes, do one of the
following:
n Set the apply changes option bit in the API frame. n Issue an AC (Apply
Changes) command to the remote device. n Issue a WR + FR command to the remote
device to save changes and reset the device.
Remote command responses
If the remote device receives a remote command request transmission, and the
API frame ID is nonzero, the remote sends a remote command response
transmission back to the device that sent the remote command. When a remote
command response transmission is received, a device sends a remote command
response API frame out its UART. The remote command response indicates the
status of the command (success, or reason for failure), and in the case of a
command query, it includes the register value. The device that sends a remote
command will not receive a remote command response frame if either of the
following conditions exist:
n The destination device could not be reached. n The frame ID in the remote
command request is set to 0.
Software libraries
One way to communicate with the XBee/XBee-PRO S1 802.15.4 (Legacy) is by using
a software library. The libraries available for use with the XBee/XBee-PRO S1
802.15.4 (Legacy) include:
n XBee Java library n XBee Python library The XBee Java Library is a Java API.
The package includes the XBee library, its source code and a collection of
samples that help you develop Java applications to communicate with your XBee
devices. The XBee Python Library is a Python API that dramatically reduces the
time to market of XBee projects developed in Python and facilitates the
development of these types of applications, making it an easy process.
XBee Network Assistant
The XBee Network Assistant is an application designed to inspect and manage RF
networks created by Digi XBee devices. Features include:
n Join and inspect any nearby XBee network to get detailed information about
all the nodes it contains.
n Update the configuration of all the nodes of the network, specific groups,
or single devices based on configuration profiles.
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Configuration
XBee Network Assistant
n Geo-locate your network devices or place them in custom maps and get
information about the connections between them.
n Export the network you are inspecting and import it later to continue
working or work offline. n Use automatic application updates to keep you up to
date with the latest version of the tool.
See the XBee Network Assistant User Guide for more information. To install the
XBee Network Assistant:
1. Navigate to digi.com/xbeenetworkassistant. 2. Click General Diagnostics,
Utilities and MIBs. 3. Click the XBee Network Assistant – Windows x86 link. 4.
When the file finishes downloading, run the executable file and follow the
steps in the XBee
Network Assistant Setup Wizard.
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AT commands
XBee/XBee-PRO RF Modules expect numerical values in hexadecimal. Hexadecimal values are designated by a “0x” prefix, and decimal equivalents are designated by a “d” suffix. Commands are contained within the following command categories: Note All modules within a PAN should operate using the same firmware version.
Special commands
49
Networking and security commands
50
RF interfacing commands
64
Sleep commands (low power)
65
Serial interfacing commands
67
I/O settings commands
71
Diagnostic commands
83
Command mode options
86
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AT commands
Special commands
Special commands
The following commands are special commands.
WR (Write)
Writes parameter values to non-volatile memory so that parameter modifications
persist through subsequent resets. If you make changes without writing them to
non-volatile memory, the device reverts back to previously saved parameters
the next time the device is powered-on.
Note Once you issue a WR command, do not send any additional characters to the
device until after you receive the OK response.
Parameter range N/A
Default N/A
RE (Restore Defaults)
Restore device parameters to factory defaults. The RE command does not write
restored values to non-volatile (persistent) memory. Issue the WR (Write)
command after issuing the RE command to save restored parameter values to non-
volatile memory.
Parameter range N/A
Default N/A
FR (Software Reset)
If you issue FR while the device is in Command Mode, the reset effectively
exits Command mode. Forces a software reset on the device. The reset simulates
powering off and then on again the device. The device responds immediately
with an OK and performs a reset 100 ms later.
Parameter range N/A
Default N/A
Note Minimum firmware version required: 1.×80. Firmware versions are numbered
in hexadecimal notation.
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AT commands
Networking and security commands
Networking and security commands
The following AT commands are networking and security commands.
CH (Channel)
Set or read the operating channel devices used to transmit and receive data.
The channel is one of three addressing configurations available to the device.
The other configurations are the PAN ID (ID command) and destination addresses
(DL and DH commands). In order for devices to communicate with each other,
they must share the same channel number. A network can use different channels
to prevent devices in one network from listening to the transmissions of
another. Adjacent channel rejection is 23 dB. The command uses 802.15.4
channel numbers. Center frequency = 2405 MHz + (CH – 11 decimal) * 5 MHz.
Parameter range 0xB – 0x1A (XBee) 0x0C – 0x17 (XBee-PRO)
Default 0xC (12 decimal)
ID (PAN ID)
Set or read the Personal Area Network (PAN) ID. Use 0xFFFF to broadcast
messages to all PANs. Devices must have the same network identifier to
communicate with each other. Unique PAN IDs enable control of which RF packets
a device receives. Setting the ID parameter to 0xFFFF indicates a global
transmission for all PANs. It does not indicate a global receive.
Parameter range 0 – 0xFFFF
Default 0x3332 (13106 decimal)
DH (Destination Address High)
Set or read the upper 32 bits of the 64-bit destination address. When you
combine DH with DL, it defines the 64-bit destination address that the device
uses for data transmission. A device only communicates with other devices
having the same channel (CH parameter), PAN ID (ID parameter) and destination
address (DH + DL parameters). To transmit using a 16-bit address, set DH
parameter to zero and DL less than 0xFFFF. The broadcast address for the PAN
is 0x000000000000FFFF. For more information, see Addressing.
Parameter range 0 – 0xFFFFFFFF
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AT commands
Networking and security commands
Default 0
DL (Destination Address Low)
Set or display the lower 32 bits of the 64-bit destination address. When you
combine DH with DL, it defines the destination address that the device uses
for transmissions in Transparent mode. A XBee/XBee-PRO S1 802.15.4 (Legacy)
only communicates with other devices having the same channel (CH parameter),
PAN ID (ID parameter) and destination address (DH + DL parameters). To
transmit using a 16-bit address, set DH to 0 and DL less than 0xFFFF. The
broadcast address for the PAN is 0x000000000000FFFF. For more information, see
Addressing.
Parameter range 0 – 0xFFFFFFFF
Default 0
MY (16-bit Source Address)
Sets or displays the device’s 16-bit source address. Set MY = 0xFFFF to
disable reception of packets with 16-bit addresses. The 64-bit source address
(serial number) and broadcast address (0x000000000000FFFF) are always enabled.
Parameter range 0 – 0xFFFF
Default 0
SH (Serial Number High)
Displays the upper 32 bits of the unique IEEE 64-bit extended address assigned
to the XBee in the factory. The 64-bit source address is always enabled. This
value is read-only and it never changes.
Parameter range 0 – 0xFFFFFFFF [read-only] Default Set in the factory
SL (Serial Number Low)
Displays the lower 32 bits of the unique IEEE 64-bit RF extended address
assigned to the XBee in the factory. The 64-bit source address is always
enabled. This value is read-only and it never changes.
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AT commands
Networking and security commands
Parameter range 0 – 0xFFFFFFFF [read-only] Default Set in the factory
RR (XBee Retries)
Set or reads the maximum number of retries the device executes in addition to
the three retries provided by the 802.15.4 MAC. For each device retry, the
802.15.4 MAC can execute up to three retries. The following applies for
broadcast messages: If RR = 0, only one packet is broadcast. If RR is > 0, RR
- 2 packets are sent on each broadcast. No acknowledgments are returned on a
broadcast. This value does not need to be set on all devices for retries to
work. If retries are enabled, the transmitting device sets a bit in the Digi
RF Packet header that requests the receiving device to send an ACK. If the
transmitting device does not receive an ACK within 200 ms, it re-sends the
packet within a random period up to 48 ms. Each device retry can potentially
result in the MAC sending the packet four times (one try plus three retries).
Retries are not attempted for indirect messages that are purged.
Note Minimum firmware version required: 1.xA0. Firmware versions are numbered in hexadecimal notation.
Parameter range 0-6
Default 0
RN (Random Delay Slots)
Sets or displays the minimum value of the back-off exponent in the CSMA-CA algorithm. The Carrier Sense Multiple Access – Collision Avoidance (CSMA-CA) algorithm was engineered for collision avoidance. If RN = 0, collision avoidance is disabled during the first iteration of the algorithm (802.15.4 macMinBE). Unlike CSMA-CD, which reacts to network transmissions after collisions have been detected, CSMA-CA acts to prevent data collisions before they occur. As soon as a device receives a packet that is to be transmitted, it checks if the channel is clear (no other device is transmitting). If the channel is clear, the packet is sent over-the-air. If the channel is not clear, the device waits for a randomly selected period of time, then checks again to see if the channel is clear. After a time, the process ends and the data is lost.
Parameter range 0 – 3 (exponent)
Default 0
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AT commands
Networking and security commands
MM (MAC Mode)
The MM command is used to set and read the MAC Mode value. The MM command
disables/enables the use of a Digi header contained in the 802.15.4 RF packet.
By default (MM = 0), Digi Mode is enabled and the module adds an extra header
to the data portion of the 802.15.4 packet. This enables the following
features:
n ND and DN command support n Duplicate packet detection when using ACKs n RR
command n DIO/AIO sampling support
The MM command allows users to turn off the use of the extra header. Modes 1
and 2 are strict 802.15.4 modes. If the Digi header is disabled, the features
above are also disabled. When MM = 1 or 3, MAC retries are not supported. When
the Digi header is disabled, encrypted data that is not valid will be sent out
of the UART and not filtered out.
Note Minimum firmware version required: 1.×80. Firmware versions are numbered
in hexadecimal notation.
Parameter range 0-3
Parameter Configuration
0
Digi Mode (802.15.4 + Digi header)
1
802.15.4 (no ACKs)
2
802.15.4 (with ACKs)
3
Digi Mode (no ACKs)
Default 0
NI (Node Identifier)
Stores the node identifier string for a device, which is a user-defined name
or description of the device. This can be up to 20 ASCII characters.
n The command automatically ends when the maximum bytes for the string have
been entered. Use the ND (Network Discovery) command with this string as an
argument to easily identify devices on the network. The DN command also uses
this identifier.
Note Minimum firmware version required: 1.×80. Firmware versions are numbered
in hexadecimal notation.
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AT commands
Networking and security commands
Parameter range A string of case-sensitive ASCII printable characters from 0
to 20 bytes in length. A carriage return or a comma automatically ends the
command.
Default N/A
ND (Node Discover)
Discovers and reports all of the devices found on its current operating
channel (CH parameter) and PAN ID (ID parameter). The ND command also accepts
a Node Identifier as a parameter. In this case, only a module matching the
supplied identifier responds. The ND command uses a 64-bit long address when
sending and responding to an ND request. The module transmits a globally
addressed ND command packet. The NT (Node Discover Time) parameter determines
the amount of time allowed for responses. In AT Command mode, a carriage
return (0x0D) designates a command completion. Since two carriage returns end
a command response, the application receives three carriage returns at the end
of the command. If the device receives no responses, the application only
receives one carriage return. When in API mode, the application receives a
frame (with no data) and status (set to OK) at the end of the command. When
the ND command packet is received, the remote sets up a random time delay (up
to 2.2 sec) before replying as follows: Node discover response (AT command
mode format – Transparent operation):
MY
Note Minimum firmware version required: 1.×80. Firmware versions are numbered
in hexadecimal notation.
Parameter range Optional 20-character NI value
Default N/A
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Networking and security commands
NT (Node Discover Time)
Sets the amount of time a base node waits for responses from other nodes when
using the ND (Node Discover) command. The NT value is transmitted with the ND
command. Remote nodes set up a random hold-off time based on this time. Once
the ND command has ended, the base discards any response it receives.
Note Minimum firmware version required: 1.xA0. Firmware versions are numbered
in hexadecimal notation.
Parameter range 0x1 – 0xFC (x 100 ms)
Default 0x19 (2.5 decimal seconds)
NO (Node Discovery Options)
Enables node discover self-response on the device. Use NO to suppress or
include a self-response to ND (Node Discover) commands. When NO bit 1 = 1, a
device performing a Node Discover includes a response entry for itself.
Note Minimum firmware version required: 1.xC5. Firmware versions are numbered
in hexadecimal notation.
Parameter range 0-1
Default 0x0
DN (Destination Node)
Resolves an NI (Node identifier) string to a physical address (case
sensitive). The following events occur after DN discovers the destination
node:
1. The device sets DL and DH to the extended (64-bit) address of the device
with the matching NI string.
2. The receiving device returns OK (or ERROR). 3. The device exits Command
mode. If there is no response from a module within 200 milliseconds or you do
not specify a parameter (by leaving it blank), the command terminates and
returns an ERROR message.
Note Minimum firmware version required: 1.×80. Firmware versions are numbered
in hexadecimal notation.
Parameter range 20-byte ASCII string
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Default N/A
CE (Coordinator Enable)
Sets or displays the coordinator setting.
Note Minimum firmware version required: 1.×80. Firmware versions are numbered
in hexadecimal notation.
Parameter range 0-1
Parameter 0 1
Description End Device Coordinator
Default 0
SC (Scan Channels)
Sets or displays the list of channels to scan for all Active and Energy Scans
as a bit field. This affects scans initiated in the AS (Active Scan) and ED
(Energy Scan) commands in Command mode and during End Device Association and
Coordinator startup.
Note Minimum firmware version required: 1.×80. Firmware versions are numbered
in hexadecimal notation.
Parameter range 0 – 0xFFFF (bit field)
Bit field mask:
Bit Parameter
0
0x0B (not available on XBee-PRO)
1
0x0C
2
0x0D
3
0x0E
4
0x0F
5
0x10
6
0x11
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Bit Parameter
7
0x12
8
0x13
9
0x14
10 0x15
11 0x16
12 0x17
13 0x18 (not available on XBee-PRO)
14 0x19 (not available on XBee-PRO)
15 0x1A (not available on XBee-PRO)
Default 0x1FFE (all XBee-PRO Channels)
SD (Scan Duration)
Sets or displays the scan duration exponent. Coordinator: If you set the
ReassignPANID option on the coordinator (refer to A2 (Coordinator
Association)), SD determines the length of time the coordinator scans channels
to locate existing PANs. If you set the ReassignChannel option, SD determines
how long the coordinator performs an Energy Scan to determine which channel it
will operate on. End Device: Duration of Active Scan during Association. In a
Beacon system, set SD=BE of the coordinator. SD must be set at least to the
highest BE parameter of any Beaconing Coordinator with which an end device or
coordinator wants to discover.
Note Minimum firmware version required: 1.×80. Firmware versions are numbered
in hexadecimal notation.
Scan Time is measured as: ([# of channels to scan] (2 ^SD) 15.36 ms) + (38
ms * [# of channels to scan]) + 20 ms
Use the SC (Scan Channels) command to set the number of channels to scan. The
XBee can scan up to 16 channels (SC = 0xFFFF). The XBee-PRO can scan up to 13
channels (SC= 0x1FFE). SD influences the time the MAC listens for beacons or
runs an energy scan on a given channel.
Example The following table shows the results for a thirteen channel scan.
SD setting 0 2
Time 0.18 s 0.74 s
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SD setting 4 6 8 10 12 14
Time 2.95 s 11.80 s 47.19 s 3.15 min 12.58 min 50.33 min
Parameter range 0 – 0x0F (exponent)
Default 4
A1 (End Device Association)
Sets or displays the End Device association options.
Note Minimum firmware version required: 1.×80. Firmware versions are numbered
in hexadecimal notation.
Parameter range 0 – 0x0F (bit field) Bit field:
Bit Meaning 0 ReassignPanID
1 ReassignChannel
2 Auto Associate
Setting Description
0
Only associates with Coordinator operating on PAN ID that
matches device ID.
1
May associate with Coordinator operating on any PAN ID.
0
Only associates with Coordinator operating on matching CH
channel setting.
1
May associate with Coordinator operating on any channel.
0
Device will not attempt association.
1
Device attempts association until success.
Note This bit is only for Non-Beacon systems. End Devices in Beacon-enabled system must always associate to a Coordinator.
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Bit Meaning
Setting Description
3 PollCoordOnPinWake 0
Pin Wake does not poll the Coordinator for indirect (pending) data.
1
Pin Wake sends Poll Request to Coordinator to extract any
pending data.
4 – Reserved 7
Default 0
A2 (Coordinator Association)
Sets or displays the Coordinator association options.
Note Minimum firmware version required: 1.×80. Firmware versions are numbered
in hexadecimal notation.
Parameter range 0 – 7 (bit field) Bit field:
Bit Meaning 0 ReassignPanID
Setting Description
0
Coordinator will not perform Active Scan to locate available PAN
ID. It operates on ID (PAN ID).
1
Coordinator performs an Active Scan to determine an available ID
(PAN ID). If a PAN ID conflict is found, the ID parameter will
change.
1 ReassignChannel 0
Coordinator will not perform Energy Scan to determine free channel. It operates on the channel determined by the CH parameter.
1
Coordinator performs an Energy Scan to find the quietest channel,
then operates on that channel.
2 Allow Association 0
Coordinator will not allow any devices to associate to it.
1
Coordinator allows devices to associate to it.
3 – Reserved 7
The binary equivalent of the default value (0x06) is 00000110. `Bit 0′ is the
last digit of the sequence.
Default 0
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AI (Association Indication)
Reads errors with the last association request.
Note Minimum firmware version required: 1.×80. Firmware versions are numbered
in hexadecimal notation.
Status code 0x00 0x01 0x02 0x03 0x04
0x05
0x06
0x07 0x08 0x09 0x0A 0x0B 0x0C 0x0D 0x0E 0x0F 0x10
0x11 0x12 0x13 0xFF
Meaning Coordinator successfully started or End device successfully associated. Active Scan Timeout. Active Scan found no PANs. Active Scan found a PAN coordinator, but the CoordinatorAllowAssociation bit is not set. Active Scan found a PAN, but Coordinator and End Device are not configured to support beacons. Active Scan found a PAN, but the Coordinator ID parameter does not match the ID parameter of the End Device. Active Scan found PAN, but the Coordinator CH parameter does not match the CH parameter of the End Device. Energy Scan Timeout. Coordinator start request failed. Coordinator could not start due to invalid parameter. Coordinator Realignment is in progress. Association Request not sent. Association Request timed out – no reply received. Association Request had an invalid parameter. Association Request Channel Access Failure. Request was not transmitted – CCA failure. Remote Coordinator did not send an ACK after Association. Request was sent. Remote Coordinator did not reply to the Association Request, but an ACK was received after sending the request. [reserved] Sync-Loss – Lost synchronization with a Beaconing Coordinator. Disassociated – No longer associated to Coordinator. RF Module is attempting to associate.
Parameter range 0 – 0x13 [read-only]
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Default N/A
DA (Force Disassociation)
Causes the End Device to immediately disassociate from a Coordinator (if
associated) and re-attempt to associate.
Parameter range –
Default –
FP (Force Poll)
Requests indirect messages being held by a Coordinator. The FP command is
deferred until changes are applied. This prevents indirect messages from
arriving at the end device while it is operating in Command mode.
Note Minimum firmware version required: 1.×80. Firmware versions are numbered
in hexadecimal notation.
Parameter range N/A
Default N/A
AS (Active Scan)
Sends a Beacon Request to a Broadcast address (0xFFFF) and Broadcast PAN
(0xFFFF) on every channel in SC. SD determines the amount of time the device
listens for Beacons on each channel. A PanDescriptor is created and returned
for every Beacon received from the scan. Each PanDescriptor contains the
following information: CoordAddress (SH + SL parameters)
Note If MY on the coordinator is set less than 0xFFFF, the MY value is
displayed.
CoordPanID (ID parameter)
0x02 = 16-bit Short Address 0x03 = 64-bit Long Address Channel (CH parameter)
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bit 14 – PAN Coordinator bit 13 – Reserved bit 12 – Battery Life Extension
bits 8-11 – Final CAP Slot bits 4-7 – Superframe Order bits 0-3 – Beacon Order
GtsPermit
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Networking and security commands
EE (AES Encryption Enable)
Enables or disables Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) encryption. Use this
command in conjunction with the KY command.
Note Minimum firmware version required: 1.xA0. Firmware versions are numbered
in hexadecimal notation.
The firmware uses the 802.15.4 Default Security protocol and uses AES
encryption with a 128-bit key. AES encryption dictates that all devices in the
network use the same key, and that the maximum RF packet size is 95 bytes. If
C8, bit 0 is not set, see Maximum Payload. When encryption is enabled, the
device always uses its 64-bit long address as the source address for RF
packets. This does not affect how the MY (Source Address), DH (Destination
Address High) and DL (Destination Address Low) parameters work. If MM (MAC
Mode) is set to 1 or 2 and AP (API Enable) parameter > 0:
With encryption enabled and a 16-bit short address set, receiving devices can
only issue RX (Receive) 64-bit indicators. This is not an issue when MM = 0 or
3. If a device with a non-matching key detects RF data, but has an incorrect
key: When encryption is enabled, non-encrypted RF packets received are
rejected and are not sent out the UART.
Parameter range 0-1
Parameter 0 1
Description Encryption Disabled Encryption Enabled
Default 0
KY (AES Encryption Key)
Sets the 128-bit AES link key value that the device uses for encryption and
decryption. This command is write-only and cannot be read. The command
encrypts the entire payload of the packet using the key and computes the CRC
across the ciphertext. When encryption is enabled, each packet carries an
additional 16 bytes to convey the random CBC Initialization Vector (IV) to the
receiver(s). The KY value may be 0 or any 128-bit value. Any other value,
including entering KY by itself with no parameters, is invalid. The device
receives all KY entries (valid or not) with an OK message. When queried, the
system returns an OK message and no value is returned.
Note Minimum firmware version required: 1.xA0. Firmware versions are numbered
in hexadecimal notation.
Parameter range 0 – (any 16-byte value)
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AT commands
RF interfacing commands
Default N/A
RF interfacing commands
The following AT commands are RF interfacing commands.
PL (Power Level)
Sets or displays the power level at which the device transmits conducted
power. Power levels are approximate. When operating in Europe, XBee-PRO
802.15.4 modules must operate at or below a transmit power output level of 10
dBm. Order the international variant of the XBee-PRO module, which has a
maximum transmit output power of 10 dBm.
Parameter range 0-4
Power level 0 1 2 3 4
XBee Power level -10 dBm -6 dBm -4 dBm -2 dBm 0 dBm
XBee-PRO Power level 10 dBm 12 dBm 14 dBm 16 dBm 18 dBm
Power level 0 1 2 3 4
XBee-PRO international variant power level -3 dBm -3 dBm 2 dBm 8 dBm 10 dBm
Default 4
CA (CCA Threshold)
Set or read the Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) threshold. Prior to
transmitting a packet, the device performs a CCA to detect energy on the
channel. If the device detects energy above the CCA threshold, it will not
transmit the packet. The CA parameter is measured in units of -dBm.
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AT commands
Sleep commands (low power)
Note Minimum firmware version required: 1.×80. Firmware versions are numbered
in hexadecimal notation.
Parameter range 0x24 – 0x50 -dBm
Default 0x2C (-44 decimal dBm)
Europe Use the following settings for Europe compliance.
Device Hex value
XBee
0x34
XBee-PRO 0x3B
Sets to level -52 dBm -59 dBm
Sleep commands (low power)
The following AT commands are sleep commands.
SM (Sleep Mode)
Sets or displays the sleep mode of the device. By default, Sleep Modes are
disabled (SM = 0) and the device remains in Idle/Receive mode. When in this
state, the device is constantly ready to respond to either serial or RF
activity.
Parameter range 0-5
Parameter Description
0
No sleep (disabled)
1
Pin hibernate
2
Pin doze
3
Reserved
4
Cyclic Sleep Remote
5
Cyclic Sleep Remote with pin wakeup
6
Sleep Coordinator1
Note For backwards compatibility with v1.x6 only. Otherwise, use the CE command.
1The Sleep Coordinator option (SM=6) exists for backwards compatibility with firmware version 1.×06 only. In all other cases, use the CE command to enable a Coordinator.
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Sleep commands (low power)
Default 0
SO (Sleep Options)
Set or read the sleep mode options.
Parameter range 0-4
Bit Setting Meaning
Description
00
Normal operations
A device configured for cyclic sleep polls for data on waking.
1
Disable wakeup A device configured for cyclic sleep will not poll for data on waking.
poll
10
Normal operations
A device configured in a sleep mode with ADC/DIO sampling enabled automatically performs a sampling on wakeup.
1
Suppress
A device configured in a sleep mode with ADC/DIO sampling
sample on
enabled will not automatically sample on wakeup.
wakeup
Default 0
ST (Time before Sleep)
Note This command applies to NonBeacon firmware.
Sets or displays the time period of inactivity (no serial or RF data is sent
or received) before activating Sleep Mode. The ST parameter is only valid for
end devices configured with Cyclic Sleep settings (SM = 4 – 5). Coordinator
and End Device ST values must be equal. The GT parameter value must always be
less than the ST value. If GT > ST, the configuration renders the module
unable to enter into command mode. If you modify the ST parameter, also modify
the GT parameter accordingly.
Parameter range 1 – 0xFFFF (x 1 ms)
Default 0x1388 (5 seconds)
SP (Cyclic Sleep Period)
Note This command applies to Non-Beacon firmware.
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Serial interfacing commands
Sets and reads the duration of time that a remote device sleeps. After the
cyclic sleep period is over, the device wakes and checks for data. If data is
not present, the device goes back to sleep. The maximum sleep period is 268
seconds (SP = 0x68B0). The SP parameter is only valid if you configure the end
device to operate in Cyclic Sleep (SM = 4-6). Coordinator and End Device SP
values should always be equal. To send direct messages on a coordinator, set
SP = 0.
NonBeacon firmware
End Device: SP determines the sleep period for cyclic sleeping remotes. The
maximum sleep period is 268 seconds (0x68B0). Coordinator: If non-zero, SP
determines the time to hold an indirect message before discarding it. A
Coordinator discards indirect messages after a period of (2.5 * SP).
Parameter range 0 – 0x68B0 (x 10 ms)
Default 0
DP (Disassociated Cyclic Sleep Period)
Note This command applies to NonBeacon firmware.
Sets or displays the sleep period for cyclic sleeping remotes that are
configured for Association but that are not associated to a Coordinator. For
example, if a device is configured to associate and is configured as a Cyclic
Sleep remote, but does not find a Coordinator, it sleeps for DP time before
reattempting association. The maximum sleep period is 268 seconds (0x68B0). DP
should be > 0 for NonBeacon systems.
Note Minimum firmware version required: 1.×80. Firmware versions are numbered
in hexadecimal notation.
Parameter range 1 – 0x68B0 (x 10 ms)
Default 0x3E8 (10 seconds)
Serial interfacing commands
The following AT commands are serial interfacing commands.
BD (Interface Data Rate)
Sets or displays the serial interface baud rate for communication between the
device’s serial port and the host.
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Serial interfacing commands
Modified interface data rates do not take effect until you issue a CN (Exit
Command mode) command and the system returns the OK response. To request non-
standard baud rates with values above 0x80, you can use the Serial Console
toolbar in XCTU to configure the serial connection (if the console is
connected), or click the Connect button (if the console is not yet connected).
When you send non-standard baud rates to a device, it stores the closest
interface data rate represented by the number in the BD register. Read the BD
command by sending ATBD without a parameter value, and the device returns the
value stored in the BD register. The RF data rate is not affected by the BD
parameter. If you set the interface data rate higher than the RF data rate,
you may need to implement a flow control configuration.
Non-standard interface data rates
The firmware interprets any value above 0x07 as an actual baud rate. When the
firmware cannot configure the exact rate specified, it configures the closest
approximation to that rate. For example, to set a rate of 19200 b/s send the
following command line: ATBD4B00.
Note When using XCTU, you can only set and read non-standard interface data
rates using the XCTU Terminal tab. You cannot access non-standard rates
through the Modem Configuration tab.
When you send the BD command with a non-standard interface data rate, the UART
adjusts to accommodate the interface rate you request. In most cases, the
clock resolution causes the stored BD parameter to vary from the sent
parameter. Sending ATBD without an associated parameter value returns the
value actually stored in the device’s BD register. The following table
provides the parameters sent versus the parameters stored.
BD parameter sent (HEX)
Interface data rate (b/s)
BD parameter stored (HEX)
0
1200
0
4
19,200
4
7
115,200*
7
12C
300
12B
1C200
115,200
1B207
- The 115,200 baud rate setting is actually at 111,111 baud (-3.5% target UART speed).
Parameter range Standard baud rates: 0x0 – 0x7 Non-standard baud rates: 0x80 – 0x3D090 (up to 250 kb/s)
Parameter 0x0 0x1
Description 1200 b/s 2400 b/s
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Parameter 0x2 0x3 0x4 0x5 0x6 0x7 0x80 – 0x3D090 non-standard baud rates up to 250 kb/s
Description 4800 b/s 9600 b/s 19200 b/s 38400 b/s 57600 b/s 115200 b/s
Default 0x03 (9600 b/s)
RO (Packetization Timeout)
Set or read the number of character times of inter-character silence required
before transmission. RF transmission starts when the device detects data in
the DI (data in from host) buffer and RO character times of silence are
detected on the UART receive lines (after receiving at least 1 byte). RF
transmission also starts after 100 bytes (maximum packet size) are received in
the DI buffer. Set RO to 0 to transmit characters as they arrive instead of
buffering them into one RF packet.
Parameter range 0 – 0xFF (x character times)
Default 3
AP (API Enable)
Disable or Enable API mode to operate using a frame-based API instead of using
the default Transparent (UART) mode. For more information, see Operate in API
mode.
Note Minimum firmware version required: 1.×80. Firmware versions are numbered
in hexadecimal notation.
Parameter range 0-2
Parameter 0 1 2
Description API disabled (operate in Transparent mode) API enabled API enabled (with escaped control characters)
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Default 0
NB (Parity)
The device does not actually calculate and check the parity. It only
interfaces with devices at the configured parity and stop bit settings.
Parameter range 0x00 – 0x04
Default 0x00
PR (Pull-up/Down Resistor Enable)
PR and PD only affect lines that are configured as digital inputs or disabled.
The following table defines the bit-field map for PR and PD commands.
Note Minimum firmware version required: 1.×80. Firmware versions are numbered
in hexadecimal notation.
Bit
I/O line
0
AD4/DIO4 (pin 11)
1
AD3/DIO3 (pin 17)
2
AD2/DIO2 (pin 18)
3
AD1/DIO1 (pin 19)
4
AD0/DIO0 (pin 20)
5
RTS/DIO6 (pin 16)
6
DI8/SLEEP_RQ (pin 9)
7
DIN/CONFIG (pin 3)
If you set a PR bit to 1, it enables the pull-up resistor. If you set a PR bit
to 0, it specifies no internal pull-up.
Parameter range 0 – 0xFF
Default 0xFF
Example Sending the command ATPR 6F turn bits 0, 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6 ON, and bits
4 and 7 OFF. The binary equivalent of 0x6F is 01101111. Bit 0 is the last
digit in the bit field.
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I/O settings commands
I/O settings commands
The following AT commands are I/O settings commands.
D0 (DIO0 Configuration)
Sets or displays the DIO0/AD0 configuration (pin 20). The options include
analog-to-digital converter, digital input, and digital output.
Note Minimum firmware version required: 1.xA0. Firmware versions are numbered
in hexadecimal notation.
Parameter range 0, 2 – 5
Parameter 0 1 2 3 4 5
Description Disabled N/A ADC Digital input Digital output, low Digital output, high
Default 0
D1 (DIO1 Configuration)
Sets or displays the DIO1/AD1 configuration (pin 19).
Parameter range 0, 2 – 6
Parameter 0 1 1 2 3 4
Description Disabled Commissioning button N/A ADC Digital input Digital output, low
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Parameter 5 6
Description Digital output, high PTI_EN
Default 0
D2 (AD2/DIO2 Configuration)
Sets or displays the DIO2/AD2 configuration (pin 18). The options include
analog-to-digital converter, digital input, and digital output.
Parameter range 0-1
Parameter 0 1 2 3 4 5
Description Disabled N/A ADC Digital input Digital output, low Digital output, high
Default 0
D3 (DIO3 Configuration)
Sets or displays the DIO3/AD3 configuration (pin 17).
Note Minimum firmware version required: 1.xA0. Firmware versions are numbered
in hexadecimal notation.
Parameter range 0-1
Parameter 0 1 2
Description Disabled N/A ADC
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Parameter 3 4 5
Description Digital input Digital output, low Digital output, high
Default 0
D4 (DIO4 Configuration)
Sets or displays the DIO4 configuration (pin 11).
Note Minimum firmware version required: 1.xA0. Firmware versions are numbered
in hexadecimal notation.
Parameter range 0-1
Parameter 0 1 2 3 4 5
Description Disabled N/A ADC Digital input Digital output, low Digital output, high
Default 0
D5 (DIO5 Configuration)
Sets or displays the DIO5 configuration (pin 15).
Note Minimum firmware version required: 1.×80. Firmware versions are numbered
in hexadecimal notation.
Parameter range 0-1
Parameter 0
Description Disabled
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Parameter 1 2 3 4 5
Description Associate LED indicator – blinks when associated ADC Digital input Digital output, default low Digital output, default high
Default 1
D6 (DIO6 Configuration)
Sets or displays the DIO6/RTS configuration (pin 16).
Note Minimum firmware version required: 1.×80. Firmware versions are numbered
in hexadecimal notation.
Parameter range 0-1
Parameter 0 1 2 3 4 5
Description Disabled RTS flow control N/A Digital input Digital output, low Digital output, high
Default 0
D7 (DIO7 Configuration)
Sets or displays the DIO7/CTS configuration (pin 12). This output is 3 V CMOS
level, and is useful in a 3 V CMOS to RS-485 conversion circuit (DI8
configuration).
Note Minimum firmware version required: 1.×80. Firmware versions are numbered
in hexadecimal notation.
Parameter range 0-1
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Parameter 0 1 3 4 5 6 7
Description Unmonitored digital input CTS flow control Digital input Digital output, low Digital output, high RS-485 Tx enable, low Tx RS-485 Tx enable high, high Tx
Default 0x1
D8 (DIO8 Configuration)
Sets or displays the DIO8 configuration (pin 4). This command enables you to
configure the pin to function as a digital input. This line is also used with
Pin Sleep.
Parameter range 0-1
Parameter 0 1 2 3 4 5
Description Disabled N/A N/A Digital input N/A N/A
Default 0
IU (I/O Output Enable)
The IU command disables or enables I/O UART output. When enabled (IU = 1),
received I/O line data packets are sent out the UART. The data is sent using
an API frame regardless of the current AP parameter value.
Note Minimum firmware version required: 1.xA0. Firmware versions are numbered
in hexadecimal notation.
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I/O settings commands
Enable or disable the serial output of received I/O sample data when I/O line
passing is enabled. IU only affects the device’s behavior when IA is set to a
non-default value. When IU is enabled, any received I/O sample data is sent
out the UART/SPI interface using an API frame. Sample data is only generated
if the local device is operating in API mode (AP = 1 or 2).
Parameter range 0-1
Parameter 0 1
Description Disabled Enabled
Default 1
IT (Samples before TX)
Sets or displays the number of samples to collect before transmitting data.
The maximum number of samples is dependent on the number of enabled I/O lines
and the maximum payload available. If IT is set to a number too big to fit in
the maximum payload, it is reduced such that it will fit in a single frame. No
more than 44 samples can fit in a single frame or IT=0x2C. One ADC sample is
considered complete when all enabled ADC channels have been read. The device
can buffer up to 88 bytes of sample data. Since the module uses a 10-bit A/D
converter, each sample uses two bytes. When Sleep Modes are enabled and IR
(Sample Rate) is set, the device remains awake until IT samples have been
collected.
Note Minimum firmware version required: 1.xA0. Firmware versions are numbered
in hexadecimal notation.
Parameter range 1 – 0xFF
Default 1
IS (Force Sample)
Force a read of all enabled inputs (DI or ADC). The command returns data
through the UART. If no inputs are defined (DI or ADC), the command returns
and error.
Note Minimum firmware version required: 1.xA0. Firmware versions are numbered
in hexadecimal notation.
When operating in Transparent mode (AP = 0), the data is returned in the
following format: All bytes are converted to ASCII:
number of samples
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I/O settings commands
DIO data
Parameter range N/A
Default N/A
IO (Digital Output Level)
Sets digital output levels. This allows DIO lines setup as outputs to be
changed through Command mode.
Note Minimum firmware version required: 1.xA0. Firmware versions are numbered
in hexadecimal notation.
Parameter range 8-bit bit map; each bit represents the level of an I/O line
set up as an output
Default N/A
IC (DIO Change Detect)
Set or read the digital I/O pins to monitor for changes in the I/O state. Each
bit enables monitoring of DIO0 – DIO7 for changes. If detected, data is
transmitted with DIO data only. Any samples queued waiting for transmission is
sent first. See ADC and Digital I/O line support for more information about
the IC command.
Note Minimum firmware version required: 1.xA0. Firmware versions are numbered
in hexadecimal notation.
Parameter range 0 – 0xFF (bit field)
Default 0 (disabled)
IR (Sample Rate)
Set or read the I/O sample rate to enable periodic sampling. When set, this
parameter samples all enabled DIO/ADC lines at a specified interval. This
command allows periodic reads of the ADC and DIO lines in a non-Sleep Mode
setup. We do not recommend a sample rate that requires transmissions at a rate
greater than once every 20 ms. Example: When IR = 0x14, the sample rate is 20
ms (or 50 Hz).
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I/O settings commands
Note Minimum firmware version required: 1.xA0. Firmware versions are numbered
in hexadecimal notation.
WARNING! If you set IR to 1 or 2, the device will not keep up and many samples
will be lost.
Parameter range 0 – 0xFFFF (x 1 ms)
Default 0
IA (I/O Input Address)
Sets or displays addresses of module to which outputs are bound. Setting all
bytes to 0xFF will not allow any received I/O packet to change outputs.
Setting the address to 0xFFFF allows any received I/O packet to change
outputs. You can use the IA command to set or read both 16 and 64-bit
addresses.
Note Minimum firmware version required: 1.xA0. Firmware versions are numbered
in hexadecimal notation.
The source address of the device to which outputs are bound. If an I/O sample
is received from the address specified, any pin that is configured as a
digital output or PWM changes its state to match that of the I/O sample. Set
IA to 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF to disable I/O line passing. Set IA to 0xFFFF to
allow any I/O packet addressed to this device (including broadcasts) to change
the outputs.
Parameter range 0 – 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
Default 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
T0 (D0 Output Timeout)
Sets or displays output timeout values for lines that correspond with the D0
parameter. When the output is set (due to I/O line passing) to a non-default
level, a timer starts that sets the output to its default level when it
expires. The timer resets when a valid I/O packet is received. The Tn
parameter defines the permissible amount of time to stay in a non-default
(active) state. If Tn = 0, Output Timeout is disabled (output levels are held
indefinitely).
Note Minimum firmware version required: 1.xA0. Firmware versions are numbered
in hexadecimal notation.
Parameter range 0 – 0xFF (x 100 ms)
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I/O settings commands
Default 0xFF
T1 (D1 Output Timeout)
Sets or displays output timeout values for lines that correspond with the D1
parameter. When the output is set (due to I/O line passing) to a non-default
level, a timer starts that sets the output to its default level when it
expires. The timer resets when a valid I/O packet is received. The Tn
parameter defines the permissible amount of time to stay in a non-default
(active) state. If Tn = 0, Output Timeout is disabled (output levels are held
indefinitely).
Note Minimum firmware version required: 1.xA0. Firmware versions are numbered
in hexadecimal notation.
Parameter range 0 – 0xFF (x 100 ms)
Default 0xFF
T2 (D2 Output Timeout)
Sets or displays output timeout values for lines that correspond with the D2
parameter. When the output is set (due to I/O line passing) to a non-default
level, a timer starts that sets the output to its default level when it
expires. The timer resets when a valid I/O packet is received. The Tn
parameter defines the permissible amount of time to stay in a non-default
(active) state. If Tn = 0, Output Timeout is disabled (output levels are held
indefinitely).
Note Minimum firmware version required: 1.xA0. Firmware versions are numbered
in hexadecimal notation.
Parameter range 0 – 0xFF (x 100 ms)
Default 0xFF
T3 (D3 Output Timeout)
Sets or displays output timeout values for lines that correspond with the D3
parameter. When the output is set (due to I/O line passing) to a non-default
level, a timer starts that sets the output to its default level when it
expires. The timer resets when a valid I/O packet is received. The Tn
parameter defines the permissible amount of time to stay in a non-default
(active) state. If Tn = 0, Output Timeout is disabled (output levels are held
indefinitely).
Note Minimum firmware version required: 1.xA0. Firmware versions are numbered
in hexadecimal notation.
Parameter range 0 – 0xFF (x 100 ms)
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I/O settings commands
Default 0xFF
T4 (D4 Output Timeout)
Sets or displays output timeout values for lines that correspond with the D4
parameter. When the output is set (due to I/O line passing) to a non-default
level, a timer starts that sets the output to its default level when it
expires. The timer resets when a valid I/O packet is received. The Tn
parameter defines the permissible amount of time to stay in a non-default
(active) state. If Tn = 0, Output Timeout is disabled (output levels are held
indefinitely).
Note Minimum firmware version required: 1.xA0. Firmware versions are numbered
in hexadecimal notation.
Parameter range 0 – 0xFF (x 100 ms)
Default 0xFF
T5 (D5 Output Timeout)
Sets or displays output timeout values for lines that correspond with the D5
parameter. When the output is set (due to I/O line passing) to a non-default
level, a timer starts that sets the output to its default level when it
expires. The timer resets when a valid I/O packet is received. The Tn
parameter defines the permissible amount of time to stay in a non-default
(active) state. If Tn = 0, Output Timeout is disabled (output levels are held
indefinitely).
Note Minimum firmware version required: 1.xA0. Firmware versions are numbered
in hexadecimal notation.
Parameter range 0 – 0xFF (x 100 ms)
Default 0xFF
T6 (D6 Output Timeout)
Sets or displays output timeout values for lines that correspond with the D6
parameter. When the output is set (due to I/O line passing) to a non-default
level, a timer starts that sets the output to its default level when it
expires. The timer resets when a valid I/O packet is received. The Tn
parameter defines the permissible amount of time to stay in a non-default
(active) state. If Tn = 0, Output Timeout is disabled (output levels are held
indefinitely).
Note Minimum firmware version required: 1.xA0. Firmware versions are numbered
in hexadecimal notation.
Parameter range 0 – 0xFF (x 100 ms)
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I/O settings commands
Default 0xFF
T7 (D7 Output Timeout)
Sets or displays output timeout values for lines that correspond with the D7
parameter. When the output is set (due to I/O line passing) to a non-default
level, a timer starts that sets the output to its default level when it
expires. The timer resets when a valid I/O packet is received. The Tn
parameter defines the permissible amount of time to stay in a non-default
(active) state. If Tn = 0, Output Timeout is disabled (output levels are held
indefinitely).
Note Minimum firmware version required: 1.xA0. Firmware versions are numbered
in hexadecimal notation.
Parameter range 0 – 0xFF (x 100 ms)
Default 0xFF
P0 (PWM0 Configuration)
Sets or displays the PWM0 configuration (pin 6). This command enables the
option of translating incoming data to a PWM so that the output can be
translated back into analog form. If the IA (I/O Input Address) parameter is
correctly set and P0 is configured as PWM0 output, incoming AD0 samples
automatically modify the PWM0 value.
Parameter range 0-2
Parameter 0 1 2
Description Disabled RSSI PWM0 output
Default 1
P1 (PWM1 Configuration)
Sets or displays the DIO11/PWM1 configuration (pin 7). Sets or displays the
PWM1 configuration (pin 7). P1 enables translating incoming data to a PWM so
that the output can be translated back into analog form. If IA (I/O Input
Address) is correctly set and P1 is configured as PWM1 output, incoming AD1
samples automatically modify the PWM1 value.
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I/O settings commands
Note Minimum firmware version required: 1.xA0. Firmware versions are numbered
in hexadecimal notation.
Parameter range 0, 2
Parameter 0 1 2
Description Disabled N/A PWM1 output
Default 0
M0 (PWM0 Output Level)
Sets or displays output level of the PWM0 line (pin 6). Before setting the
line as an output:
1. Enable PWM0 output (P0 = 2). 2. Apply settings (use CN or AC). The PWM
period is 64 µs and there are 0x03FF (1023 decimal) steps within this period.
When M0 = 0 (0% PWM), 0x01FF (50% PWM), 0x03FF (100% PWM), and so forth.
Note Minimum firmware version required: 1.xA0. Firmware versions are numbered
in hexadecimal notation.
Parameter range 0 – 0x3FF
Default 0
M1 (PWM1 Output Level)
Sets or displays the PWM1 output level (pin 7). Before setting the line as an
output:
1. Enable PWM1 output (P1 = 2). 2. Apply settings (use CN or AC)
Note Minimum firmware version required: 1.xA0. Firmware versions are numbered
in hexadecimal notation.
Parameter range 0 – 0x3FF
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AT commands
Diagnostic commands
Default 0
PT (PWM Output Timeout)
Sets or displays the output timeout value for both PWM outputs. When PWM is
set to a non-zero value (due to I/O line passing), a timer is starts that sets
the PWM output to zero when it expires. The timer resets when it receives a
valid I/O packet.
Note Minimum firmware version required: 1.xA0. Firmware versions are numbered
in hexadecimal notation.
Parameter range 0 – 0xFF (x 100 ms)
Default 0xFF
RP (RSSI PWM Timer)
Enables a pulse-width modulated (PWM) output on the RF device. We calibrate
the pin to show the difference between received signal strength and the
sensitivity level of the device. PWM pulses vary from 24 to 100 percent. Zero
percent means PWM output is inactive. One to 24% percent means the received RF
signal is at or below the published sensitivity level of the module. The
following table shows dB levels above sensitivity and PWM values. The total
time period of the PWM output is 64 µs. PWM output consists of 445 steps, so
the minimum step size is 144 ms.
dB above sensitivity PWM percentage (high period / total period)
10
41%
20
58%
30
75%
A non-zero value defines the time that PWM output is active with the RSSI
value of the last RF packet the device receives. After the set time when the
device has not received RF packets, it sets the PWM output low (0 percent PWM)
until the device receives another RF packet. It also sets PWM output low at
power-up. A parameter value of 0xFF permanently enables PWM output and always
reflects the value of the last received RF packet.
Parameter range 0 – 0xFF [x 100 ms] Default 0x28 (4 seconds)
Diagnostic commands
The following AT commands are diagnostic commands. Diagnostic commands are
typically volatile and will not persist across a power cycle.
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Diagnostic commands
VR (Firmware Version)
Reads the firmware version on a device. Firmware version numbers have four
significant digits. The reported number shows three or four numbers in
hexadecimal notation. A version is reported as ABCD. Digits ABC are the main
release number and D is the revision number from the main release. D is not
required and if it is not present, a zero is assumed for D. B is a variant
designator. The following variants exist:
n 0 = Non-Beacon Enabled 802.15.4 Code n 1 = Beacon Enabled 802.15.4 Code
Parameter range 0 – 0xFFFF [read-only] Default Set in the factory
VL (Version Long)
Shows detailed version information including the application build date, MAC,
PHY, and bootloader versions. The VL command has been deprecated in version
10C9. It is not supported in firmware versions after 10C8.
Note Minimum firmware version required: 1.xA0. Firmware versions are numbered
in hexadecimal notation.
Parameter range N/A
Default N/A
HV (Hardware Version)
Display the hardware version number of the device.
Note Minimum firmware version required: 1.×80. Firmware versions are numbered
in hexadecimal notation.
Parameter range 0 – 0xFFFF [read-only] Default Set in firmware
DB (Last Packet RSSI)
Reports the RSSI in -dBm of the last received RF data packet. DB returns a
hexadecimal value for the dBm measurement.
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AT commands
Diagno
References
- Digi XBee Network Assistant Support Resources
- Technical Support | Digi International
- GitHub - digidotcom/xbee-python: Python library to interact with Digi International's XBee radio frequency modules.
- Digi XCTU — Download and Install the Configuration Platform for XBee/RF Solutions | Digi International
- Digi XCTU — Download and Install the Configuration Platform for XBee/RF Solutions | Digi International
- XBee Java Library User Guide
- XCTU User Guide
- XCTU User Guide
- XBee® Network Assistant User Guide
- Support Resources