TARMO 210668 First Aid Kit User Manual
- June 12, 2024
- TARMO
Table of Contents
ko1121 210668 / 210669
Info 36, 33800
Tampere, Finland
FIRST AID GUIDE
REPORTING AN EMERGENCY
Report an emergency to the general emergency telephone number 112 immediately
whenever an ill or injured person requires professional assistance. Calls to
the emergency services are free from public telephones. When calling from a
mobile telephone, there is no need to use an area code.
Call the emergency services yourself if you can. Explain what has happened.
Give a precise address and location. Answer the operator’s questions and
follow any instructions you are given. Only end the call once you have been
given permission to do so. When help arrives on the scene, provide directions
and unobstructed access to the patient. If the patient’s condition changes
while waiting for help, call the emergency services again!
FIRST AID FOR UNCONSCIOUS PATIENTS
If a person suddenly loses consciousness or appears lifeless, immediately try
to rouse them by shaking or talking to them. If the person does not wake up or
react, call for help and ask someone present to report the emergency to 112,
or report the emergency yourself. Follow the instructions given by the
emergency services.
Open the airways and check for breathing. Use two fingers of one hand to lift
the person’s chin and use your other hand to press on the forehead, tilting
the head backwards. Check to see if the person’s chest moves and whether you
can hear normal breathing or feel the flow of air against your cheek. If
breathing is normal,place the person in the recovery position to safeguard
their breathing. Monitor the person until a professional takes over.
People who are unconscious are at risk of choking, especially if they are on
their back or if their head is hanging down. In such positions, the tongue
presses against the throat, and vomit or blood can block the airways. Bending
the head backwards clears the throat, allowing air to flow freely.
If an unconscious person is breathing, she or he must always be placed in the
recovery position. This keeps the airways open. You must also ensure that
breathing can continue. Bend the person’s upper knee. If an unconscious person
is not breathing, begin chest compressions. Place the palm of one hand in the
centre of the patient’s sternum and place your other hand on top of it.
Compress the sternum 30 times with straight arms in a piston-like movement at
a rate of 100 compressions per minute. Allow the chest to compress by
approximately 4–5 cm. NOTE! If the patient is a child, begin with 5 breaths.
Continue with mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Re-open the airways. Use two
fingers of one hand to lift the person’s chin and use your other hand to press
on the forehead, tilting the head backwards. Close the nostrils using your
thumb and forefinger.Close your lips tightly over the patient’s mouth and blow
air into the lungs twice, monitoring the movement of the chest. Continue CPR,
alternating between mouthto-mouth and chest compressions at a ratio of 30
compressions to 2 breaths until a professional takes over, breathing resumes
or you become exhausted.
FIRST AID FOR WOUNDS
Stem the flow of blood. Clean the wound. Close minor cuts using strips of
surgical tape. Cover the wound with a protective bandage. Seek medical
attention if necessary.
FIRST AID FOR BLEEDING
Stem the flow of blood by elevating the bleeding limb and applying direct
pressure onto the site of the bleeding using a finger or the palm of your
hand. If bleeding is heavy, have the patient lie down immediately. Call the
emergency services on 112 if you consider it necessary. Apply a pressure
dressing over the wound. Elevate and support the bleeding limb. If bleeding
continues despite attempts to control it, use your hand to apply firm pressure
to large blood vessels above the wound where the limb joins the body. This
will stem the flow of blood from the arteries. If bleeding is still not
controlled, apply a tourniquet above the wound. Heavy bleeding can lead to a
state of circulatory shock. Make sure to provide appropriate first aid for
anyone suffering from shock. If a person is in hock, elevate their legs, calm
them down, keep them warm and monitor their condition until a professional
takes over.
Making a pressure dressing
The aim is to apply pressure to the wound to reduce circulation in the injured
area.
This reduces bleeding from the wound, allowing the bleeding to stop entirely.
Combine dressings are ideal for this purpose and are a combination of a pad
and elasticated bandage. In emergencies, other things can be used, such as
long strips torn from fabric.
The dressing is applied firmly over the wound; if necessary, use an
appropriate item (roller bandage, box of matches, stone, etc.) to achieve
additional pressure on the wound. A torniquet tied at the base of the limb
will reduce blood flow to the entire limb and is a last resort if all other
measures fail. Check that the person retains feeling in their fingers/toes,
and that there is blood flow to the extremities (skin stays warm).
SPRAINS AND FRACTURES
Ankle sprains are the most common kind of sprains. If a patient is unable to
put weight on a twisted ankle, the ankle could be fractured.
The ICE method:
ICE: Use a mass-produced, disposable ice pack or other suitably cold object,
such as snow, ice or a plastic bag full of frozen peas, etc. The cold will
reduce the sensation of pain in the injured area. Small blood vessels will
contract and stem bleeding into the tissues in the injured area, reducing
swelling. Ice packs and other cold objects should not be placed directly onto
the skin in order to avoid frostbite.
COMPRESSION: Initial compression of the injured area first using your hand and
then using an ideal dressing prevents bleeding into the tissues in the injured
area and reduces pain.
ELEVATION: Elevating an injured limb reduces circulation in the limb, meaning
that bleeding into the tissues in the injured area is reduced, thereby also
reducing swelling and pain.
SUPPORTING A WRIST FRACTURE
Do not try to correct any deformities.
The fracture should be kept as immobile as possible.
Sharp edges of bone caused by the fracture may damage nearby tissue.
Use a splint to reduce pain and prevent accidental movement of the injured
area.
You can use a piece of board, newspaper or any other suitable tool as a
splint.
An ice pack will reduce pain and swelling.
Monitor the temperature and feeling in the limb, using your fingertips, for
example.
SUPPORTING A SHOULDER/ARM INJURY
Place the injured limb in a resting position as soon as possible. If
necessary, support it against the body using the other arm. Do not try to pull
an injured or dislocated shoulder back into place. If injury results in a
fracture in the shoulder or upper arm, attempts to reposition the shoulder or
upper arm may worsen the injury. A sling can be made using a scarf, tablecloth
or any other suitable piece of fabric folded into a triangular shape. Tie a
loose knot in the corner of the triangular bandage (“the tip of the pyramid”),
opposite its longest side. Bring the knot behind the elbow so that the wrist
is in the centre of the long side, and the elbow fits snugly in the fold. Tie
the free corners behind the neck. Make sure that the patient’s arm is in a
comfortable position.
Poisoning
If a person has ingested poison, call the Poison Information Centre
(Myrkytystietokeskus) for advice. The Poison Information Centre is open 24/7,
telephone (09) 471 977. In emergencies, call the emergency services on 112. Do
not induce vomiting! If poison has been inhaled: move to fresh air. If poison
has come into contact with the skin or eyes: rinse with water for 20 minutes
and seek medical attention.
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10.11.2021 12.04.42
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