Wattuneed 106274 MPPT Solar Charge Controller User Manual

Wattuneed 106274 MPPT Solar Charge Controller

Safety Instructions

1. As this controller deals with voltages that exceed the top limit for human safety, do not operate it before reading this manual carefully and completing safety operation training.
2. The controller has no internal components that need maintenance or service, thus do not attempt to disassemble or repair the controller.
3. Install the controller indoors, and avoid component exposure and water intrusion.
4. During operation, the radiator may reach a very high temperature, therefore install the controller at a place with good ventilation conditions.
5. It’s recommended that a fuse or breaker be installed outside the controller.
6. Before installing and wiring the controller, make sure to disconnect the photovoltaic array and the fuse or breaker close to the battery terminals.
7. After installation, check if all connections are solid and reliable so as to avoid loose connections that may give rise to dangers caused by heat accumulation.

• Warning: this means the operation in question is dangerous, and you should get properly prepared before proceeding.
• Note: means the operation in question may cause damage.
• Tips: this means advice or instruction for the operator.

Product Introduction

Product Overview
The MA series controller adopts the industry-leading MPPT to achieve the maximum energy tracking for the solar panel, that is, it can quickly and accurately track the maximum power point of the solar battery under any condition, and obtain the maximum energy of the solar panel in real-time, significantly improving the energy utilization rate of the solar system. The controller is widely used as the core control component in off-grid PV systems to manage the work of solar panels, batteries, and loads. The controller has complete software and hardware fault detection and protection functions to avoid damage to product components caused by installation errors and system faults to the greatest extent.

Product Features

• Adopt MPPT with tracking efficiency up to 99.9%.
• Support full-power charging and discharging at one time.
• Support multiple battery types such as the sealed battery, gel battery, flooded battery, lithium battery, and user-defined battery.
• Support lithium battery and lead-acid activated battery.
• Support the charging current setting.
• Support full settings.
• Support temperature compensation.
• Support parallel charging (some models).
• Support charging voltage line loss compensation, so that the control of battery charging voltage is more accurate (some models).
• Support 17 kinds of load operating modes.
• Support capacitive loads and inductive loads.
• Save 300 consecutive days of historical data.
• Support RS485 communication of standard Modbus protocol with adjustable baud rate. Support TTL communication of standard Modbus protocol with fixed baud rate.
• Support CAN communication (optional).
• Possess complete charging and discharging protection mechanisms for overvoltage, overcurrent, overload, over-temperature, short circuit, etc.
• Adopt high-quality aluminum radiator and high-temperature derating treatment to ensure reliable and efficient operation in various operating conditions.

Appearance and interfaces

MPPT Introduction

MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) is an advanced charging technology that enables the solar battery to output more electrical energy by adjusting the operating state of the electrical module. Due to the nonlinearity of the solar battery array, there is a maximum power point on its curve. The PWM charging technology used in the traditional controller cannot charge the battery continuously at the point, so it cannot obtain the maximum energy of the solar panel. Instead, the solar controller with MPPT can always track the maximum power point of the array, so as to charge the battery with maximum energy. For example, for the 12V solar system, since the peak-to-peak voltage (Vpp) of the solar battery Is about 17V, but the battery voltage is about 12V, therefore, when the common charge controller is charging the battery, the voltage of the solar battery is about 12V, that is, the solar battery does not fully exert its maximum power.

The MPPT controller can overcome the problem and adjust the input voltage and current of the solar panel in real time to reach the maximum input power. Compared with the traditional PWM controller, the MPPT controller can exert the maximum power of the solar battery, so it can provide a larger charging current. Generally speaking, the MPPT controller can improve the energy utilization rate by 15%~20% more than the PWM controller.

Due to the different ambient temperature and lighting conditions, the maximum power point often changes, and our MPPT controller can adjust the parameters in real time under different conditions, thus making the system is always near the maximum operating point. The whole process is completely automatic without any adjustment.

• Figure 1-3 Relation between battery panel output characteristics and light intensity
• Figure 1-4 Relation between battery panel output characteristics and temperature

Technical Parameters

Charging

Charging of lead-acid battery
Select such battery types as SLD/FLD/GEL/USE, and select the appropriate system voltage. As shown in Figure 8, the charging stages of lead-acid battery are: MPPT charging, constant voltage charging (equalizing/boost/floating charging), and current-limiting charging. The constant voltage charging is divided into three stages: equalizing charging, boost charging and floating charging: [MPPT charging] When the battery voltage does not reach the target constant voltage value,the controller conducts MPPT charging, when reaches, it automatically exits MPPT charging and switches to constant voltage charging (equalizing/boost/floating charging). [Equalizing charging] Regular equalizing charging is good for some batteries. Equalizing charging is mainly to make the charging voltage of battery higher than the standard supplementary voltage, besides, it can vaporize the battery electrolyte to balance the battery voltage and complete relevant chemical reaction. Equalizing charging and boost charging are not repeated during one full charging to avoid excessive gas evolution or overheating of the battery.

Notes:

1. Since the equalizing charging of floored lead-acid battery produces explosive gas, the battery compartment must be well ventilated.
2. Although the equalizing charging elevates the battery voltage, it may damage the level of sensitive DC loads, therefore, it is necessary to verify that the allowable input voltage of all loads in the system is greater than the set battery voltage value in equalizing charging.
3. Excessive charging and excessive gas evolution may damage the battery plate and cause the active substances on the battery plate to fall off. Besides, excessive high equalizing charging voltage or excessive long equalizing charging duration may damage the battery. Please set relevant parameters according to the specifications of the battery used in the system. [Boost charging] The duration of boost charging is 2 h (default). When the duration reaches the set value, the system will switch to floating charging. [Floating charging] Floating charging is the last constant voltage charging stage in the charging cycle of lead-acid battery. The controller keeps the charging voltage constant at the floating charging voltage. In the stage, charge the battery with a very weak current to maintain the battery in a fully-charged state. When the battery voltage is as low as the reconnect voltage of boost charging, the system will exit the floating charging stage and re-enter the next charging cycle.

Charging of lithium battery

Select such battery types as LI/USE LI, and select the system voltage from 12V/24V/36V/48V . As shown in Figure 9, the charging stages of lithium battery are: MPPT charging/boost charging/current- limiting charging. [MPPT charging] When the battery voltage does not reach the target constant voltage value, the controller conducts MPPT charging to charge the battery with maximum solar power, when reaches, it automatically switches to boost charging. [Boost charging] In the boost charging stage of lithium battery, when the battery voltage is lower than the boost charging voltage, the system conducts MPPT charging or current-limiting charging, when reaches, it switches to boostcharging.

Current limiting charging

1. When the charging current exceeds the set value, the system immediately limits the charging current within the set value range.
2. When the device is over-temperature, the system automatically conducts the over-temperature current-limiting charging.

Battery Temperature Sampling and Control

1. Connect the temperature sensor to the corresponding temperature interface to achieve the high and low temperature protection for the battery and the temperature compensation for the charging voltage of lead-acid battery (no temperature compensation for the lithium battery); if the temperature sensor is not connected, the default temperature is 25°C;
2. For the battery-related temperature protection/recovery value, please refer to the description in “15. System Alarm”. The wiring method is shown in the figure:

Loss Compensation of Battery Voltage Line (some models

Since the cable diameter from the battery to the controller is too small, when the charging power is large, the voltage collected by the controller terminal will be higher than the actual voltage of the battery terminal, resulting in the battery being not fully charged; connecting the voltage compensation line can more accurately collect the battery terminal voltage, and timely output the voltage difference compensation, so that the battery terminal can get a more proper charging voltage.

Load output

1. [Overload protection strategy]: 10s protection for the load greater than 1.25 times the rated load; 5s protection for the load greater than 1.5 times the rated load; 5s protection for the load greater than
   2 times the rated load;

2. Please refer to “9.11~9.14” for relevant load settings.

Menu

View menu

1. Alternative display between (voltage/power) and (current/power) on the main menu every 10s.
2. Short press【∧】【∨】 to view the menu.
3. Long press【>】on any interface to enter the parameter setting page.

Parameter Setting

Battery parameter list

Parameter setting list

Battery type (n01)

• Please refer to “9.1 and 9.2” for setting.

Equalizing charging\boost charging\floating charging\charging reconnect voltage\over-discharge reconnect voltage\over-discharge voltage (n02-n07) n02-n07 battery type settings are only displayed for “USE” or “USELI” options, and other battery types are not displayed.

System voltage (n08)
When the system voltage changes, the system voltage icon on the main page will flash, prompting the user to reboot for effective operation.

Charging current (n09)

1. 【No charging】 Set 0
2. 【Limit charging current】Set an arbitrary value from 1 to rated charging current

Full-charging setting (n10)

1. 【oF】Set 0
2. 【on】Select the appropriate current value between 1-10A

Full-charging condition: When the constant voltage charging duration of lithium battery reaches the set duration or the lead-acid battery is in float charging after the equalizing charging or the boost charging is finished, and the charging current is less than the set current value, the system will stop charging after 1 minute, and the “FULL” icon will light up on the screen.

Charging recovery condition: The battery voltage is less than the boost charging reconnect voltage, the system will recover charging, and the “FULL” icon will light off on the screen.

Lead-acid battery constant voltage output (n11)

• Constant voltage output in no load on the battery terminal
• No output in no load on the battery terminal.

Light control voltage (n12)

1. 【Light control on】:The solar panel voltage is less than 5V*N
2. 【Light control oF】:The solar panel voltage is greater than 6V*N (N=1/2/3/4)

Light control delay (n13)
Minimum duration required to meet the light control on or off condition.

Load mode (n14)

Load short-circuit protection switch (n15)
Some inductive loads or capacitive loads will produce high current at the moment of start-up, which will easily trigger load short-circuit protection, resulting in failure to turn on the load. This function can be disabled when the system cannot be started (Note: After this function is disabled, short circuit at load side of the controller is prohibited!)

Load pre-start time (n16)

• When the load is turned on, the load is precharged to prevent short-circuit protection caused by false contact.

Over-discharge delay (n17)

• After the battery voltage is lower than the over-discharge voltage, the controller turns off the delay time for the load. (Note: Only the custom battery type can be set)

Temperature unit (n18)

RS485 communication baud rate (n19)

• The RS485 communication baud rate can be modified according to actual needs.

Device address (n20)
The device communication address can be modified according to actual needs.

RS485 function selection (n21)

System reboot (n22)

• Press [>]: “F01” will flash; press [>] again: the controller will reboot.

Reset controller (n23)
Reset the controller to factory default settings in accordance with “9.19”.

Clear historical data (n24)
Clear the historical data of the controller in accordance with “9.19”.

Parallel Application

The parallel function means that multiple controllers charge a battery pack collectively, each controller has an independent solar panel and connects to each other with RS485 communication lines, and the master manages the charging state/stage/target constant voltage value and other parameters of the slaves in a unified manner. Parallel charging can break the power limit of a single device, and multiple parallel devices can meet the demand for greater charging power. After setting to the parallel mode, the master regularly sends management packets to the slaves (automatically assigned by the master) through RS485 bus.

1. Set non-repeating device addresses from 1 to 16 for each device in accordance with “9.17”;
2. Set to “parallel mode” as per “9.18”;
3. See “21.2” for system wiring.

TTL Communication

1. Default baud rate: 9,600 bps, check bit: none, data bit: 8 bit, stop bit: 1 bit
2. Communication power supply output specification: (12 V±3 V)/: 100 mA

RS485 Communication

1. Default baud rate: 9,600 bps, check bit: none, data bit: 8 bit, stop bit: 1 bit
2. Interface type: RJ45, communication power supply output specification: 5 V/200 mA
3. Isolated RS485 communication interface, set to communication mode or parallel mode
4. RS485 communication line sequence definition:

Keys

Indicator

System Alarms

Common Problems and Solutions

Product Installation

Precautions for Installation

• Be very careful when installing the battery. Wear protective glasses when installing the flooded lead-acid battery. Once contacting the acid solution of battery, please rinse with clear water in time.
• Avoid placing any metal object near the battery against short-circuiting.
• Acid gas may be generated when the battery is charged so as to ensure good ventilation of surroundings.
• The battery may produce combustible gas, please stay away from sparking.
• Direct sunlight and rainwater infiltration should be avoided during the outdoor installation.
• Virtual junctions and corroded wires may cause great heat, melt the insulation of wire, burn the surrounding material, and even cause fire. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure that all connectors are tightened, and wires are preferably fixed with ties to avoid loose connectors caused by shaking of wires during mobile applications.
• Once the System is connected, the output voltage of the component may exceed the safe voltage of human body. In the process of operation, attention shall be focused on using insulating tools and ensure that hands are dry.
• The battery terminals on the Controller can be connected with either a single battery or a group of batteries. Subsequent instructions in the Manual are for use with a single battery,but also applicable to systems with a group of batteries.
• Please follow the safety recommendations of battery manufacturers.
• The System’s connection wire shall be selected according to the current density no more than 4A/mm2. Ground the Controller earth terminal.
• It is forbidden to connect the battery in reverse, which will cause irreversible damage in the process of installation.

Installation steps

Wiring and installation must meet the requirements of national and local electrical codes. Wiring specifications shall be selected according to the rated current, generally, 5A/mm2.

Step 1: Select an installation place
Avoid installing the controller in direct sunlight, high temperature and areas prone to water entering, and ensure that the environment around the controller is well ventilated.

Step 2: Fix suspension screws
Mark the mounting position according to the mounting dimensions of the controller, drill two mounting holes of suitable size at the two marks and fix the screws on the two mounting holes.

Step 3: Fix the controller
Align the controller fixing holes with the two pre-fixed screws, hang the controller up, and then fix the two screws below.

Step 4: Open the front cover of the controller, wirng, and then close the front cover.

Protection Functions

• Device over-temperature protection When the internal temperature of the controller exceeds the set value, the charging power will be automatically lowered or the charging will even be stopped, further slowing the rise in internal temperature of the controller.
• Battery over-temperature protection Battery over-temperature protection requires an external battery temperature sampling sensor. Charging will be stopped when the battery temperature is detected to be too high, and will be automatically resumed when the battery temperature drops to 5°C below the set value for 2s.
• Input over-power protection When the battery panel power is greater than the rated power, the controller will limit the charging power within the rated power range to prevent excessive current from damaging to the controller, and the controller will enter current-limited charging.
• PV input side too high voltage protection When the voltage at the input side of the PV array is too high, the controller will automatically cut off PV input.
• PV input reverse-connection protection The controller will not be damaged if the polarity of the PV array is reversed and will return to normal after the wiring error is corrected.
• Reverse charging protection at night Prevent the battery from discharging through solar battery at night. Special note: Battery reverse connection protection is not supported

System Maintenance

In order to maintain the optimal operating performance of the controller for a long time, it is recommended that the following items are regularly checked.

• Make sure that the airflow around the controller is not blocked, and remove any dirt or debris from the radiator. Take corrective actions timely after any fault or error is found.
• Check whether there is corrosion, insulation damage, high temperature or burning/discoloring at terminals, case distortion, etc. and repair or replace timely if any.
• Check whether there is any exposed or broken wire or wire with poor insulation, and repair or replace timely if any.
• Check whether there is dirt, nesting insects or corrosion, and clean timely if any.

Warning: There is a risk of electrical shock! Before carrying out checks or operations above, make sure that all power supplies for the controller are disconnected! Any non-professional personnel is prohibited from carrying out such operations.

Product Dimensions

System Wiring Diagram

Single application wiring diagram

Parallel application wiring diagram

Documents / Resources

| Wattuneed 106274 MPPT Solar Charge Controller [pdf] User Manual
106274 MPPT Solar Charge Controller, 106274, MPPT Solar Charge Controller, Charge Controller
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