FREND COVID-19 total Antibodies User Manual

June 6, 2024
FREND

FREND COVID-19 total Antibodies--Logo

FRENDTM COVID-19 total Ab
Qualitative assay for COVID-19 total antibodies

FRCOA 020
For in vitro diagnostic use only
For prescription use only. For Emergency Use Authorization only.

Intended Use

The FREND™ COVID-19 total Ab is a fluorescence immunoassay (FIA) using the FRENDTM System intended for the qualitative detection of total antibody to SARS-CoV-2 in human dipotassium EDTA plasma. The FREND™ COVID-19 total Ab is intended for use as an aid in identifying individuals with an adaptive immune response to SARS-CoV-2, indicating recent or prior infection. At this time, it is unknown for how long antibodies persist following infection and if the presence of antibodies confers protective immunity. The FREND™ COVID-19 total Ab should not be used to diagnose acute SARSCoV-2 infection. Testing is limited to laboratories certified under the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 (CLIA), 42 U.S.C §263a, that meet requirements to perform moderate or high complexity tests.

Results are for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Total antibody to SARS-CoV-2 are generally detectable in blood several days after initial infection, although the duration of time antibodies are present post-infection is not well characterized. Individuals may have detectable virus present for several weeks following seroconversion.

Laboratories within the United States and its territories are required to report all results to the appropriate public health authorities.
The sensitivity of FRENDTM COVID-19 total Ab early after infection is unknown. Negative results do not preclude acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. If acute infection is suspected, direct testing for SARS-CoV2 is necessary.

False positive results for FRENDTM COVID-19 total Ab may occur due to cross- reactivity from preexisting antibodies or other possible causes. Due to the risk of false positive results, confirmation of positive results should be considered using second, different total antibody assay.

The FRENDTM COVID-19 total Ab is only for use under the Food and Drug Administration’s Emergency Use Authorization.

Summary and explanation of test

COVID-19 is a respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus called SARS- CoV-2. The symptoms for patients have included mild to severe respiratory illness with fever, cough, and difficulty breathing.1-2 The test result shows the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, which are generally detectable in the blood several days after symptom onset.3-4 The antibody test provides information specific to an adaptive immune response to SARS-CoV-2, indicating recent or prior infection. It is not yet known if the presence of antibody confers immunity. Positive results should be confirmed by a second serology test. Final recommendations and patient management should be determined by healthcare professional based on clinical symptoms and other diagnostic tests.

Principle of the assay

The FRENDTM cartridge utilizes micro-fluidics lateral flow technology where the analyte of interest in the sample forms immune complexes while moving through the fluidics pathway in the cartridge.

A specimen is added to sample dilution tube and mixed. A well-mixed sample of 35 L is transferred to the sample inlet of a single use FRENDTM COVID-19 total Ab cartridge. The cartridge is then placed into the FRENDTM System, which is programmed to begin analysis once the sample has reacted with the reagents. IgM and IgG if present in the sample will bind to SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid fluorescent beads which then bind to the anti-IgM and anti-IgG in the test zones, respectively forming individual complexes. Fluorescent control beads are captured at the reference zone. The reaction and analysis time is approximately 3-4 minutes. The anti-coronavirus total antibody qualitative measurement is based on the ratio of fluorescence detected by the FRENDTM System at the FRENDTM Test and Reference zones. The magnitude of the fluorescent ratio is proportional to the presence and absence of total antibody in the sample.

The FRENDTM System is a bench-top fluorescence reader containing a touchscreen user interface. The System has a slot that accepts the FRENDTM COVID-19 total Ab test cartridge (which contains the reagents and sample) and is programmed to analyze the test when the sample has fully reacted with the on-board cartridge reagents. Results of the test are displayed on the screen and can be printed on an optional printer. The FRENDTM System has been previously cleared for use with other FRENDTM cartridges through the 510k process. Please see k162378 (FRENDTM PSA Plus reagent cartridge), k162754 (FRENDTM Vitamin D test system), k153577 (FRENDTM Testosterone test system), k152422 (FRENDTM Free T4 test system) and k131928 (FRENDTM TSH test system).

Material provided

Q’ty Contents Catalogue number
20 Cartridges FRCOA 020
20 Dilution tubes
40 Disposable pipette tips
1 Code chip
1 Package insert

Components required but not included with the test

The following materials are not provided with the reagent but are required to perform COVID-19 total antibody analysis using the FRENDTM COVID-19 total Ab on the FRENDTM System.
-FRENDTM System including calibrated pipette,
-QC Cartridge and QC Code chip manufactured by NanoEntek.

Warning and Precautions

  • For in vitro diagnostic use under the FDA Emergency Use Authorization

  • For Prescription Use only This test has not been FDA cleared or approved.

  • This test has been authorized by FDA under an EUA for use by authorized laboratories.

  • This test has been authorized only for the presence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, not for any other viruses or pathogens.

  • This test is only authorized for the duration of the declaration that circumstances exist justifying the authorization of emergency use of in vitro diagnostics for detection and/or diagnosis of COVID-19 under Section 564(b)(1) of the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, 21 U.S.C. § 360bbb-3(b)(1), unless the authorization is terminated or revoked sooner.

  • The FRENDTM COVID-19 total Ab cartridges are intended for in vitro diagnostic use only.

  • The FRENDTM COVID-19 total Ab cartridges are only to be used on the NanoEntek FRENDTM System.

  • The FRENDTM COVID-19 total Ab cartridges and dilution tubes are disposable, single use devices.
    Do not reuse!

  • Allow sealed cartridges to come to room temperature for 15-30 minutes prior to use.

  • Cartridge and dilution tubes should not be frozen.

  • The humidity in the laboratory must be 10-80% range when running tests.

  • Avoid cross-contamination between samples by using a new pipette tip for each new specimen when transferring the sample to the dilution tube. Use another new pipette tip when transferring are diluted, sample to the cartridge.

  • Avoid high humidity, direct sunlight or heat when storing cartridges and dilution tubes.

  • Testing of contaminated samples may cause erroneous results.

  • Using specimens containing clotted fibrin could result in erroneous results.

  • Over or under loading the cartridge with sample may result in inaccurate results.

  • Do not use the cartridges beyond the expiration date on the pouch.

  • Do not use the cartridge if the pouch is damaged or the seal is broken.

  • Perform testing as specified in the Package insert and User manual

  • Keep the cartridge sealed in the pouch until ready for use.

  • Use the cartridge immediately after opening the pouch.

  • Handle specimens in accordance with the OSHA Standard on Bloodborne Pathogens.

  • Human specimens are not used in the preparation of this product, however, since human specimens will be used for samples and other quality control products in the laboratory may be derived from human materials. Use Universal Precautions when handling all specimens and controls. Wear disposable gloves when handling the cartridges and the samples.

  • Wash hands thoroughly and often after handling reagent cartridges or samples.

  • Do not ingest the silica gel packet found in the cartridge pouch.

  • Used cartridges and diluent tubes should be disposed in accordance with local or national regulations.

Storage and Stability

All unopened materials are stable until the expiration date on the label when stored at refrigerator temperature storage (2-8°C). Reagent stability has been demonstrated for nine months from the date of manufacture. The expiration date is clearly indicated on the product box and the cartridges.

Specimen collection and handling

The assay can be performed using K2EDTA plasma. No special patient preparation is necessary. Collect the appropriate venous blood sample in accordance with standard laboratory procedures. After collection, centrifuge the sample for 10 minutes at 3,000 rpm within 2 hours of collection and immediately separate the plasma from the packed cells.

It is recommended to use samples immediately. However, if testing is not done immediately, samples may be stored at 2-8 for up to 6 hours prior to testing. If testing is not performed within 6 hours, store at -20 or below. Samples can be stored frozen for up to 30 days prior to testing.

Repeated freeze-thaw cycles should be avoided. Turbid samples containing particulate matter such as fibrin clots or visible strands should be- centrifuged before being tested. Prior to assay, slowly bring frozen samples to room temperature and mix gently but thoroughly before testing. For optimal results, avoid grossly hemolytic, lipemic, or turbid specimens. Specimens should be free of aggregated fibrin, red blood cells, or other particulate matter. When pipetting into the cartridge sample inlet, ensure that bubbles in the sample are avoided. Bubbles may restrict flow and result in an incomplete or erroneous test result.

Procedure

  • Reagent preparation
    There is no reagent preparation required to run the FREND™ COVID-19 total Ab cartridge on the FRENDTM System. However, the cartridge and dilution tube should be removed from the refrigerator and incubated at room temperature for 15-30 minutes prior to testing.

  • Code chip installation
    A lot-specific Code chip is supplied with each kit of FRENDTM COVID-19 total Ab. When using a new lot of reagent, the Code chip of the same lot must be installed in the FRENDTM System. Please refer to the FRENDTM System User manual for more detailed instructions relative to the Code chip installation.

Abbreviated instructions are as follows:

  1.  Insert the FRENDTM System electrical cord into an appropriate outlet.
  2. Insert the Code chip into the Code chip slot at the rear of the system following the arrows.
  3. Press the Setup’ button on theMain’ screen.
  4. Press the Code chip’ button on theSetup’ screen.
  5. The information embedded on the FRENDTM COVID-19 total Ab Code chip is automatically saved on the FRENDTM System.
  6. When the Code chip installation is completed, press the OK’ button to go to theSetup’ screen.
  7. Press the Item’ button on theSetup’ screen.
  8. Check the FRENDTM COVID-19 total Ab cartridge lot number and the installation date of the Code chip.
  9. Press the ‘Home’ button to go to the `Main’ screen to begin running external quality control and patient samples.
  • Specimen processing
    Allow the tubes and the sealed pouches containing the FRENDTM COVID-19 total Ab cartridges and dilution tubes to come to room temperature for 15-30 minutes prior to use. If using refrigerated patient samples, remove those from the refrigerator and allow to them to come to room temperature prior to testing. If frozen samples will be utilized, be sure these are removed from the freezer, thawed naturally and then mixed gently but thoroughly prior to testing. Testing should not begin on frozen samples until they have reached room temperature.

  • Assay procedure
    FREND COVID-19 total Antibodies--Assay procedure (1) Have the FRENDTM COVID-19 total Ab cartridge and samples ready for testing.
    (2) Record the Sample ID on the cartridge in the designated area.
    (3) Using the micropipette, transfer 35 L of the sample to a sample dilution tube and mix by inverting the sample gently for 3-5 times. Using the mixed sample and a new pipette tip, transfer 35 L into the sample inlet.
    (4) Press the Test’ button on theMain’ screen of the FRENDTM System.
    (5) The system moves to the Patient ID screen automatically.
    (6) Type the Patient ID and press the Enter’ button to begin the test. (7) Insert the cartridge into the cartridge slot using the cartridge arrows as a guide. Caution: Please check the direction of the cartridge before insertion and assure the insertion is complete. Caution: Please insert the cartridge into the FRENDTM System after loading the sample into the cartridge. (8) When the reaction in the cartridges is complete, the FRENDTM System will automatically begin the reading. (9) When the reading has been completed, the cartridge will automatically be expelled and the results displayed. Caution: Do not remove power from the FRENDTM System while a cartridge is in the reading chamber. This may cause a system error. (10) If the FRENDTM System is connected to the optional printer, press the Print’ button and the results will be output on the printer paper.
    (11) For more detailed instructions, please refer to the `FRENDTM System User manual’.

Control materials

  • FRENDTM System check
    It is recommended for operators to use the QC Cartridge daily for the maintenance of the FRENDTM System. Install QC Code chip in the FRENDTM System before using the QC Cartridge. The QC Cartridge confirms the proper function of the FRENDTM System including:
    -Step 1 Laser power
    -Step 2 Laser alignment
    -Step 3 Calculate ratio
    Please use the QC Cartridge and QC Code chip provided with the FRENDTM System.

  • Internal control
    FRENDTM COVID-19 total Ab cartridge contains built in control features. Fluorescence signal in the Reference zone of each cartridge shows: (1) that enough sample volume is added, (2) that proper flow is obtained, and (3) that the antibody is reactive. If this Reference zone signal is missing or lower than the threshold, FRENDTM System considers it as an incorrect or failed test, and produces an error message instead of a test result. In addition, with each cartridge run, the system monitors, in part, for (1) flow of sample, (2) speed of sample flow, (3) shelf-life of cartridge components, (4) function of internal barcode scanner, and (5) function of scanner’s mechanical components.

  • Positive and negative controls
    Control materials are available for purchase from NanoEntek (product name: COVID-19 total Ab Control LQ, cat.# FIC-COALQ) and are not supplied with the kit. Refer to the COVID-19 total Ab Control LQ Package Insert for Instructions. Good laboratory practice suggests that positive and negative controls are run routinely to ensure that test reagents are working and that the test is correctly performed. External positive and negative controls should be used in accordance with local, state, federal accrediting organizations, or your laboratory’s standard quality control procedures, as applicable. If controls fail, repeat the control testing procedure and if expected results are not obtained, do not proceed with clinical testing and contact NanoEntek service.

  • Control Procedure
    1. Take out the COVID-19 total Ab Control LQ from the refrigerator and incubate at room temperature for approximately 20 minutes.
    2. Mix control materials gently and load 35l to the cartridges. *Do not use the dilution tube when testing the control.
    3. Check the result.

Control total Ab PASS/FAIL
Negative Negative PASS
Positive FAIL
Positive Negative FAIL
Positive PASS

Interpretation of results

Positive result
A positive result is an indication of the presence of antibodies to the SARS- CoV-2 virus.

Negative result
A negative test indicates that total antibody to the SARS-CoV-2 virus were not detected.

FREND System results display
The FRENDTM System provides the qualitative detection of total antibody to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Report options are indicted below: Note the following precautions:

  • Negative results do not rule out SARS-CoV-2 infection, particularly in those who have been in contact with the virus. Testing with a molecular assay should be performed to evaluate for acute infection in symptomatic individuals.
  • Results from antibody testing are not an indication of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Presence of SARS-CoV2 antibodies are an indication of an adaptive immune response to the virus.
  • Positive results may indicate past or present infection with non-SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus strains, such as coronavirus HKU1, NL63, OC43, or 229E. Positive results should be confirmed using a second serology test.
  • Not for the screening of donated blood.

Please read the section Result interpretation’ andLimitation of procedure’ carefully before you use the FRENDTM COVID-19 total Ab and the FRENDTM System.FREND COVID-19 total Antibodies-- Assay
procedure

Limitation of the procedure

  • For use under an Emergency Use Authorization Only
  • This test is only to be used in CLIA certified laboratories that meet requirements to perform moderate or high complexity tests and not in point-of-care or at-home testing settings.
  • This test cannot rule out diseases caused by other bacterial or viral pathogens.
  • This test must be read using only the FRENDTM System and cannot be read visually.
  • Immunocompromised patients who have COVID-19 may have a delayed antibody response or produce levels of antibody which may not be detected as positive by the assay.
  • The assay procedure and results interpretation must be followed closely when testing for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 virus specific antibodies. For optimal test performance, proper sample collection is critical. Failure to follow the procedure may give inaccurate results.
  • The results obtained with this test should only be interpreted in conjunction with clinical findings, and the results from other laboratory tests and evaluations.
  • Heterophilic antibodies in serum specimens may cause interference in the immunoassay. These antibodies may be present in blood samples from individuals regularly exposed to animals or who have been treated with animal serum products. Results that are inconsistent with clinical observations indicate the need for additional testing.
  • This test should not be used to diagnose or exclude acute infection. Testing with a molecular assay should be performed to evaluate for acute infection in symptomatic individuals.
  • Negative results do not preclude SARS-CoV-2 infection and should not be used as the sole basis for patient management decisions.
  • A negative or non-reactive result can occur if the quantity of antibodies for the SARS-CoV-2 virus present in the specimen is below the detection limit of the assay, or the virus has undergone minor amino acid mutation(s) in the epitope recognized by the antibody detected by the test.
  • Positive results may be due to past or present infection with non-SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus strains, such as coronavirus HKU1, NL63, OC43, or 229E.
  • A positive result may not indicate previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. Consider other information, including clinical history and local disease prevalence, in assessing the need for a second, alternative serology test to confirm an immune response.
  • It is not known at this time if the presence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 confers immunity to reinfection.
  • This test should not be used for screening of donated blood.

Conditions of Authorization for the Laboratory
The FRENDTM COVID-19 total Ab Letter of Authorization, along with the authorized Fact Sheet for Healthcare Providers, the authorized Fact Sheet for Patients, and authorized labeling are available on the FDA website:
https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19 -emergency-useauthorizations-medical-devices/vitro-diagnostics-euas
However, to assist clinical laboratories using the FREND COVID-19 total Ab, the relevant Conditions of Authorization are listed below:

  • Authorized laboratoriesa using the FRENDTM COVID-19 total Ab will include with test result reports, all authorized Fact Sheets. Under exigent circumstances, other appropriate methods for disseminating these Fact Sheets may be used, which may include mass media.

  • Authorized laboratories will use the FRENDTM COVID-19 total Ab as outlined in the authorized labeling. Deviations from the authorized procedures, including the authorized instrument, authorized clinical specimen types, authorized control materials, authorized other ancillary reagents and authorized materials required to use the product are not permitted.

  • Authorized laboratories that receive the FRENDTM COVID-19 total Ab will notify the relevant public health authorities of their intent to run the assay prior to initiating testing.

  • Authorized laboratories using the FRENDTM COVID-19 total Ab will have a process in place for reporting test results to healthcare providers and relevant public health authorities, as appropriate.

  • Authorized laboratories will collect information on the performance of the FRENDTM COVID-19 total Ab and report to DMD/OHT7-OIR/OPEQ/CDRH (via email: CDRH-EUA-Reporting@fda.hhs.gov) and to you (ivdst@nanoentek.com) any suspected occurrence of false positive or false negative results and significant deviations from the established performance characteristics of the assay of which they become aware.

  • All laboratory personnel using the FRENDTM COVID-19 total Ab must be appropriately trained in immunoassay techniques and use appropriate laboratory and personal protective equipment when handling this kit, and use the FRENDTM COVID-19 total Ab in accordance with the authorized labeling.
    All laboratory personnel using the assay must also be trained in and be familiar with the interpretation of results of the the FRENDTM COVID-19 total Ab.

  • NanoEntek America Inc., authorized distributors, and authorized laboratories using the FRENDTM COVID-19 total Ab will ensure that any records associated with this EUA are maintained until otherwise notified by FDA. Such records will be made available to FDA for inspection upon request.
    aThe letter of authorization refers to, “Laboratories certified under the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 (CLIA), 42 U.S.C. §263a, that meet requirements to perform moderate or high complexity tests” as “authorized laboratories”.

Performance evaluation

Analytical Performance
Cross-reactivity
Cross-reactivity testing was performed on samples collected from the United Stated of America. Blood samples (EDTA plasma) from subjects with high rates of vaccination were purchased from Gulf Coast Regional Blood Center 1400 La Concha Lane Houston, Texas 77054 on August 20, 2019 before the outbreak of COVID-19.

Method

| Samples Collected Prior to COVID-19 Outbreak
---|---

FRENDTM COVID-19 total Ab

|

Positive

| 0

Negative

|

120

Total

|

120 (100%)

Interference
The interference evaluation test of FREND™ COVID-19 total Ab was conducted according to CLSI Guidelines EP7-A2 using one lot.
No interference in the testing of the FREND™ COVID-19 total Ab with 4 interfering substances was observed at the stated concentrations.

Endogenous substances Concentration tested
Bilirubin 20 mg/dL
Hemoglobin 500 mg/dL
Triglycerides 3 g/ dL
Total protein 12 g/dL

Clinical Performance

Clinical agreement study
Ninety-one (91) clinical samples (K2EDTA plasma) were collected at Kangwon National University Hospital, Department of diagnostic examination, 156 Baeknyeong-ro, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon 24289, Korea from April 7th to April 10th 2020. Patients were confirmed for SARS-CoV-2 by rtPCR with the AllplexTM 2019-nCoV Assay (Seegene, Inc.). The results were as follows.

Time Stratification of Data for Korean Samples

Days Between 75 Positive Confirmed by RT-PCR
0-7 days 8-14 days
FREND COVID-19 Positive
total Ab Negative
Total 37
PPA (34/37)
91.89% (21/21)
100% (17/17)
100% (0/0)

0′;0
| 78.70%-| 84.54%-| 81.57%-|
95% CI| 97.20%| 100%| 100%| N/A

Negative Percent Agreement was 15/16, 95% CI (71.67% ­ 98.89%)

An additional 56 clinical samples (44 SARS-CoV-2 PCR confirmed and 12 negative, pre-COVID-19), purchased from a commercial vendor (MRN Diagnostics, LLC) in the United States were tested at an independent clinical laboratory with the FREND COVID-19 total Ab. The results are presented in the table below.
Note: samples were obtained from several clinical sources using different EUA PCR methods.

Time Stratification of Data for US Samples and Tested by Independent Lab

Days Between 44 Positive Confirmed by RT-PCR
0-7 days 8-44 days
FREND COVID-19 total Ab Positive
Negative 0
Total 0
PPA (0/0)

0%

| (2/2)

100%

| (33/33)

100%

| (9/9)

100%

95% CI| N/A| 34.24%-

100%

| 89.57%-

100%

| 70.09%-

100%

Negative Percent Agreement: 100.0% (12/12), 95%CI (75.75%-100%)

An additional 200 clinical samples (100 SARS-CoV-2 PCR confirmed positive and 100 negative, preCOVID- 19), purchased from MRN Diagnostic, LLC in the United States were tested at the NanoEntek laboratory with the FRENDTM COVID-19 total Ab. The results are presented in the table below.

Time Stratification of Data for US Samples and Tested by NanoEntek

Between  Days 100 Positive Confirmed by RT-PCR
0-7 days 8-14 days
FREND COVID-19 Positive
total Ab Negative
Total 0
PPA (0/0)
0% (2/2)
100% (98/98)
100% (0/0)

0%
95% CI| N/A| 34.24%-

100%

| 96.23%-

100%

| N/

Negative Percent Agreement: 100.0% (100/100), 95%CI (96.30%-100%)

For the combined US and Korean testing, there were 347 samples: 219 PCR confirmed positive SARS- CoV-2 and 128 negative/pre-COVID-19. The results of the testing are presented in the table below:

Days Between 219 Positive Confirmed by RT-PCR
0-7 days 8-14 days
FREND COVID-19 Positive
total Ab Negative
Total 37
PPA (34/37)

91.89%

| (25/25)

100%

| (148/148)

100%

| (9/9)

100%

95% CI| 78.70%-

97.20%

| 86.68%-

100%

| 97.47%-

100%

| 70.09%-

100%

Overall Negative Percent Agreement: 99.2% (127/128); 95% CI (95.71%-99.86%)

Independent Clinical Agreement Validation:

The FREND COVID-19 total Ab from NanoEntek was tested on August 19, 2020 at the Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR) sponsored by the National Cancer Institute (NCI). The test was validated against a panel of previously frozen samples consisting of 30 SARS-CoV-2 antibody-positive serum samples and 80 antibody-negative serum and plasma samples. Each of the 30 antibody-positive samples were confirmed with a nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) and both IgM and IgG antibodies were confirmed to be present in all 30 samples. The presence of antibodies in the samples was confirmed by several orthogonal methods prior to testing with the FREND COVID-19 total Ab. The presence of IgM and IgG antibodies specifically was confirmed by one or more comparator methods. Antibody-positive samples were selected at different antibody titers. All antibodynegative samples were collected prior to 2020 and include: i) Seventy (70) samples selected without regard to clinical status, “Negatives” and ii) Ten (10) samples selected from banked serum from HIV+ patients, “HIV+”. Testing was performed by one operator using one lot of the FREND COVID-19 total Ab. Confidence intervals for sensitivity and specificity were calculated per a score method described in CLSI EP12-A2 (2008).

For evaluation of cross-reactivity with HIV+, it was evaluated whether an increased false-positive rate among antibody-negative samples with HIV was statistically higher than the false positive rate among antibody-negative samples without HIV (for this, a confidence interval for the difference in false positive rates was calculated per a score method described by Altman). The results and data analysis are shown in the Tables below.

FREND COVID-19 total Antibodies--Assay proce

Measure Estimate Confidence Interval
(IgM / IgG) Sensitivity 96.7% (29/30) (83.3%; 99.4%)
(IgM / IgG) Specificity 98.8% (79/80) (93.3%; 99.8%)

Combined

Sensitivity

| 96.7% (29/30)| (83.3%; 99.4%)
Combined Specificity| 98.8% (79/80)| (93.3%; 99.8%)
Combined PPV for prevalence =

5.0%

| 80.3%| (39.4%; 96.0%)
Combined NPV for prevalence =

5.0%

| 99.8%| (99.1%; 100%)
Cross-reactivity with

HIV+

| 0.0% (0/10),

not detected

|

Limitations of the Study:

Sensitivity and specificity estimates in this report may not be indicative of the real world performance of the NanoEntek Inc FRENDTM COVID-19 total Ab test.

These results are based on serum and plasma samples only and may not be indicative of performance with other sample types, such as whole blood, including finger stick blood.

The number of samples in the panel is a minimally viable sample size that still provides reasonable estimates and confidence intervals for test performance, and the samples used may not be representative of the antibody profile observed in patient populations.

References

  1. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Frequently Asked Questions, FDA

  2. Q&A on coronaviruses (COVID-19), WHO

  3. SARS-CoV-2: virus dynamics and host response, Yu Chen, Lanjuan Li, Lancet, March 23, 2020,
    https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30235-8

  4. Temporal profiles of viral load in posterior oropharyngeal saliva samples and serum antibody responses during infection by SARS-CoV-2: an observational cohort study, Kelvin Kai-Wang To, et al., The Lancet Infectious Diseases, March 23, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/S14733099(20)30196-1

Glossary of symbols

FREND COVID-19 total Antibodies-- Glossary of symbols

FREND COVID-19 total Antibodies--Logo

ivdst@nanoentek.com
www.nanoentek.com

Manufactured by
NanoEntek, Inc.
851-14 Seohae-ro, Paltan-myeon, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, 18531, Korea
Tel.:+82-2-6220-7942, Fax.:+82-2-6220-7999
NanoEntek America, Inc.
220 Bear Hill Road, Suite 102, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
Tel.:+1-781-472-2558, Fax.:+1-781-790-5649
MT Promedt Consulting GmbH
Altenhofstrasse 80, 66386 St. Ingbert, Germany
Revised on 2020.08.05

References

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